2020年高考英语真题模拟试题专项汇编5阅读理解_科技类含解析202012301162-USB迷|专注于互联网分享

2024年3月7日发(作者：漆学)

2020年高考英语真题模拟试题专项汇编（5）阅读理解-科技类

1. The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington,

generally don't flash the same length of green twice in a row, especially at rush

hour. At 9:30 am, the full red/yellow/green signal cycle might be 140 seconds. By

9:33 am, a burst of additional traffic might push it to 145 seconds. Less traffic

at 9:37am could push it down to 135. Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the

signals changes.

That is by design. Bellevue, a fast-growing city, just east of Seattle, uses

a system that is gaining popularity around the US: intersection(十字路口) signals

that can adjust in real time to traffic conditions. These lights, known as adaptive

signals, have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels

between work and home.

"Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being

addressed," says Alex Stevanovic, a researcher at Florida Atlantic University.

For all of Bellevue's success, adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed

roadways. Kevin Balke, a research engineer at the Texas A&M University Transportation

Institute, says that while smart lights can be particularly beneficial for some cities,

others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road

will make a meaningful difference. "It's not going to fix everything, but adaptive

signals have some benefits for smaller cities," he says.

In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value

of welcoming new approaches. In the past, there was often an automatic reaction to

increased traffic: just widen the roads, says Mark Poch, the Bellevue Transportation

Department's traffic engineering manager. Now he hopes that other cities will consider

making their streets run smarter instead of just making them bigger.

(1).What does the underlined word "that" in paragraph 2 refer to?

sed length of green lights. ned traffic signal cycle.

le timing of traffic signals. traffic flow on the road.

(2).What does Kevin Balke say about adaptive signals?

work better on broad roads. should be used in other cities.

are less helpful have greatly reduced traffic on the road.

in cities seriously jammed.

(3).What can we learn from Bellevue's success?

is rewarding to try new things. old methods still work today.

C.I pays to put theory into practice. simplest way is the best way.

2. For people, who are interested in sound, the field of sound technology is

definitely making noise. In the past, sound engineers worked in the back rooms of

recording studios, but many of today's sound professionals are sharing their knowledge

and experience with professionals in other fields to create new products based on

the phenomenon we call sound.

Sound can be used as a weapon. Imagine that a police officer is chasing a thief.

The thief tries to escape. And the officer can't let him get away. He pulls out a

special device, points it at the suspect, and switches it on. The thief drops to the

ground. This new weapon is called a Long Range Acoustic Device(LRAD, 远程定向声波发射器). It produces a deafening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a person.

The noise from the LRAD is directed like a ray of light and travels only into the

ears of that person, but it is not deadly.

For those who hunger for some peace and quiet, sound can now create silence.

Let's say you are at the airport, and the little boy on the seat next to you is

humming(哼唱) a short commercial song. He hums it over and over again, and you are

about to go crazy. Thanks to the Silence Machine, a British invention, you can get

rid of the sound without upsetting the boy or his parents. One may wonder how the

Silence Machine works. Well, it functions by analyzing the waves of the incoming sound

and creating a second set of outgoing waves. The two sets of waves cancel each other

out. Simply turn the machine or point it at the target, and your peace and quiet comes

back.

Directed sound is a new technology that allows companies to use sound in much

the same way spotlights(聚光灯)are used in the theater. A spotlight lights up only

one section of a stage; similarly,"spotsound" creates a circle of sound in on targeted

area. This can be useful for businesses such as restaurants and stores because it

offers a new way to attract customers. Restaurants can offer a choice of music along

with the various food choices on the menu, allowing customers more control over the

atmosphere in which they are dining. Directed sound is also beginning to appear in

shopping centers and even at homes.

(1).What could be inferred from Paragraph 2 about the effect of the LRAD?

causes temporary hearing loss. slows down a running man.

keeps the suspect makes it easy to identify a suspect.

from hurting others.

(2).The Silence Machine is a device specially designed to ________.

e the people around you

the incoming sound waves

the sound of commercials

unwanted sound from affecting you

(3).What feature do spotsounds and spotlights share?

travel in circles.

atmosphere.

can be transformed into energy. can be directed onto a specific area.

(4).Directed sound can be used for ________.

ve designs of restaurant menus sound effects on the theater stage

ent choices of music for businesses

any suspicious customer

(5).What does the passage focus on?

professionals invented sound products.

field of sound technology.

growing interest in the study of sound.

work in their studios.

3. Sometimes it's hard to let go. For many British people, that can apply to

institutions and objects that represent their country's past —age-old castles,

splendid homes ... and red phone boxes.

Beaten first by the march of technology and lately by the terrible weather

in junkyards(废品场), the phone boxes representative of an age are now making

sound engineers

ions in the

control over

clear the

something of a comeback. Adapted in imaginative ways, many have reappeared on city

streets and village greens housing tiny cafes, cellphone repair, shops or even

defibrillator machines (除颤器).

The original iron boxes with the round roofs first appeared in 1926. They were

After becoming an important part of many British streets, the phone boxes began

disappearing in the 1980s, with the rise of the mobile phone sending most of them

away to the junkyards.

About that time, Tony Inglis' engineering and transport company got the job

to remove phone boxes from the streets and sell them out. But Inglis ended up buying

hundreds of them himself, with the idea of repairing and selling them. He said that

he had heard the calls to preserve the boxes and had seen how some of them were listed

as historic buildings.

As Inglis and, later other businessmen, got to work, repurposed phone boxes

began reappearing in cities and villages as people found new uses for them. Today,

they are once again a familiar sight, playing roles that are often just as important

for the community as their original purpose.

In rural areas, where ambulances can take a relatively long time to arrive,

the phone boxes have taken on a lifesaving role. Local organizations can adopt them

for 1 pound, and install defibrillators to help in emergencies.

Others also looked at the phone boxes and saw business opportunities. LoveFone,

a company that advocates repairing cellphones rather than abandoning them, opened

a mini workshop in a London phone box in 2016.

The tiny shops made economic sense, according to Robert Kerr, a founder of

LoveFone. He said that one of the boxes generated around $13,500 in revenue a month

and cost only about $400 to rent.

Inglis said phone boxes called to mind an age when things were built to last.

"I like what they are to people, and I enjoy bringing things back." he said.

(1).The phone boxes are making a comeback _______.

form a beautiful sight of the city improve telecommunications services

remind people of a historical period

requirement of green economy

meet the

(2).Why did the phone boxes begin to go out of service in the 1980s?

were not well-designed.

had too short a history.

provided bad services.

lost to new technologies.

(3).The phone boxes are becoming popular mainly because of ________.

new appearance and lower prices push of the local organizations

changed roles and functions big funding of the businessmen

we live longer and technology continues its rapid development, we can imagine

a future where machines will enlarge our human abilities and help us make better life

choices, from health to wealth. Through our dialogue and digital pieces, AI will

understand our life goals and wishes, our duties and limitations. It will help us

plan different life events, so we can spend more time enjoying life’s moments.

The ability for artificial intelligence to understand the complexities and slight

differences of human conversation is, however, one hurdle. There are several thousand

known living languages in the world today. Adding to the difficulties are the varied

ways words are shared and used across different cultures, including grammar, levels

of education and styles of the speakers. Google Duplex, the technology supporting

Google Assistant, which places phone calls using a natural-sounding human voice

instead of a robotic one, is an early attempt to address such challenges in human

communications. But these are just initial whispers in voice of AI’s long journey.

Beyond making reservations and conducting simple dialogues, virtual assistants

will need to become far more useful and further fit into the parts of our everyday

lives. Not only will they need to foresee what we need before we ask, they also need

to understand the context of our conversations and react accordingly. Imagine a snow

day when school is canceled for the kids. Knowing that you must now stay at home with

your children, your phone would remind you, asking if you’d like your meetings moved

to the following day. Alternatively, imagine how much more pleasant your journey home

from a business trip would be if your phone could automatically arrange for a ride

waiting to pick you up at the airport, based on your travel plan, location, and habits.

The possibilities are endless.

do we know about AI?

narrow our abilities.

don’t know our limitations.

limit our better choice.

help us enjoy life better.

makes it hard for AI to understand what humans say?

level of speakers. ection of AI.

ies of languages and cultures. rities between languages.

word can best describe the author’s attitude towards AI?

ul. ing. ve. al.

of the following can be the best title of the passage?

Will Replace Humans Will Set Goals for Us.

Will Be Part of Our Daily Lives. Will Meet Challenges.

two centuries, the famous University of Cambridge debating society has

hosted many prominent figures, from world leaders to scientists to comedians. On Nov

21, the Cambridge Union hosted its first-ever non-human guest. Designed by IBM,

Project Debater is a machine that uses Artificial Intelligence (AI) to form a spoken

argument. It can even listen and answer to opposing statements, much like a real

person.

Speaking with a voice similar to Siri, Project Debater uses AI to search journals,

newspapers and other information sources. It then filters out(过滤) useless

information, picks the strongest arguments, and arranges them into a persuasive

argument.

“In the Cambridge test debate, it argued the topic: AI will ultimately do more

harm than good. According to IBM, it is the first machine that can debate complicated

topics with humans.

Before the debate, more than 1,100 arguments for the positives and negatives of

AI were submitted to the IBM website. The machine then analyzed these sources and

formed the basis of its arguments in minutes. Project Debater then showed off its

AI by arguing for both sides of the debate.

Over a four-minute speech, it argued first that, “AI can only make decisions

that it has been programmed to solve, while humans can be programmed for all plots,

possible events.” In support of AI, it then argued that AI would create new jobs

and “bring a lot more efficiency” to the workplace.

This isn’t the first test for Project Debater. In June 2018, the machine went

back-and-forth for 20 minutes against champion debater Harish Natarajan. According

to New Scientist, on both occasions, Project Debater repeated points and didn’t

always sufficiently support them.

Speaking to Cambridge Independent, Noam Slonim, the project’s lead engineer,

said, “The AI is not perfect, but it’s going in the right direction.” The team

hopes to improve the AI by researching why humans find certain arguments more

persuasive than others.

which way does Project Debater behave like a real person?

can listen and answer to opposing statements.

can speak with a voice similar to Siri.

can create various useful sources.

can deal with any situation.

were prepared for the machine before the Cambridge test debate?

ed sources.

als for arguments.

s messages.

about human debaters.

can infer from the text that _________.

did better than humans in arguments

machine had rich ideas to support its points

machine beat Harish Natarajan in the first test

needs more persuasive arguments in debates

is Noam Slonim’s attitude to the AI ?

tive. ident. ve. erent.

6. Nine mini cheetahs robots appeared in the field to show their athletic

abilities. The four-legged machines, mini versions of the larger and heavier Cheetah

3, began with a warm-up run across the field.

Though they may be similar to their predecessors(原先的事物), the new

four-legged machines are much more advanced. Weighing just nine kilograms, the robots

can bend and swing their legs wide, giving them the ability to walk either

right-side-up or upside down. They can also travel through uneven places at about

twice the speed of an average person's walking pace and quickly right themselves if

kicked to the ground and perform unbelievable 360-degree backflips(后空翻) from a

standing position.

Unlike the Cheetah 3, the main robots are built using cheap and easy to find

parts. This means that if an arm or a motor breaks, it can be easily replaced. ''If

you wanted to add another arm, you could just add three or four more of these

motors,said lead developer Benjamin Katz, '"You could put these parts together, almost

like Legos.”

The team, which currently has ten of the four-legged machines, plans to build

additional units in other university robotic labs. "A big part of why we built this

robot is that it makes it easy to experiment and just try crazy things, because the

robot is very strong and doesn’t break easily, and if it does break, it’s easy and

not very expensive to fix,said Katz.

He believes that this will enable other engineers to teach the robots

different skills. "Eventually, I'm hoping that we could have a robotic dog race through

an obstacle course, where each team controls a mini cheetah with different ways, and

we can see which strategy is more effective. That’s how you accelerate research,”

said Katz.

The team's reason for developing the robots extends beyond entertainment.

They hope that someday packs of “cheetahs” will assist first respondents with search

and recovery missions following natural disasters like earthquakes^ work alongside

firefighters, and even respond to military emergencies.

of the following best describes the mini robot?

te. le. x. le.

are cheap materials used for the mini robot?

test it out in other fields. produce it on a large scale.

make sure it’s easy to repair. make people afford to buy it.

’s the main purpose of making the “cheetahs”?

replace firefighters. entertain people in a way.

bring more convenience to people. help people in dangerous situation.

is the text most likely from?

A.A diary. B.A magazine. C.A novel. D.A guide book.

officials toasted on Tuesday the opening of what is being called the

world’s first 3D-printed concrete bridge, which is meant to be used by cyclists.

There was applause as officials wearing hard hats and workmen’s jackets rode over

the bridge on their bikes at the opening ceremony in the southeastern town of Gemert.

“The bridge is not very big, but it was rolled out by a printer which makes it

unique,” Theo Salet, from the Eindhoven University of Technology, told Dutch

broadcaster NOS. Work on printing the bridge, which has some 800 layers, took about

three months after starting in June and it is made of pre-stressed concrete, according

to the university. “One of the advantages of printing a bridge is that much less

concrete is needed than in the conventional technique in which a mould (泥浆) is

filled,” it said on its website, adding “a printer deposits the concrete only where

it is needed.”

The eight-metre (26-foot) bridge crosses a water-filled channel to connect two

roads, and it was tested for safety to bear loads of up to two metric tons in cooperation

with the BAM Infra Construction company. Although designed for bikes, it could take

up to 40 trucks, the designers said. “We are looking to the future,” said the head

of BAM, Marinus Schimmel. “3D printing meant fewer rare resources were needed and

there was significantly less waste,” he added.

The Netherlands is among countries, with the United States and China, taking a

lead in the cutting-edge technology of 3D printing, using computers and robotics to

construct objects and structures from scratch without using much traditional manpower.

Last year a Dutch architect unveiled (揭示) a unique 3D printer with which he hopes

to construct an “endless loop” building. And a Dutch start-up called MX3D has begun

printing a stainless-steel bridge, of which a third is already completed. The aim

is to finish printing by March and lay the bridge over an Amsterdam canal in the future.

ing to the text, what makes the bridge unique?

adopts 3D printing.

cyclists.

is made of new material. uses much less concrete.

opens only to

ing to Marinus Schimmel, the bridge ___________.

to bear heavy loads more safely no concrete and mould

designed for bikes and trucks cost-efficient and eco-friendly

ing to the last paragraph, which of the following statement is true?

3D-printed bridges are all designed for bikes.

B.3D-printed construction saves much human labor.

States and China develop slowly in 3D printing.

stainless-steel bridge by MX3D has been put into use.

is the best title for the text?

Value of the 3D Printing Technology

Netherlands Leads the Way in 3D Printing

’s First 3D-printed Bridge Opens to Cyclists

D.3D Printing is Widely Used in Building Bridges

答案以及解析

1.答案：(1)-(3)CDA

解析：(1).考查代词指代。根据文章第一段中的"The By 9:33 am, a burst

of... Less traffic at 9: changes"可以推知, that指代第一段中的多变的交通信号灯时间, 故选C项。

(2).考查细节理解。根据文章第四段中的"others are so jammed It's not going

to fix everything, but adaptive signals have some benefits for smaller cities"可

知,Kevin Balke认为可调节式的交通信号灯对小城市的交通改善是有用的,但对交通极度拥堵的城市而言,作用并不是非常大,故选D项。

(3).考查推理判断。根据文章最后一段中的"the switch to adaptive signals has been a

lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches"可推知,从Bellevue装可调节式交通信号灯一事上不难发现,它的成功在于积极尝试新事物,故选A项。

2.答案：(1)-(5)ADDCB

解析：(1).考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"It produces a deafening sound so painful that

it temporarily disables a person"可知,远程定向声波发射器会发出一种震耳欲聋的声音,这种声音让人非常痛苦,会使人暂时残疾。由此可知,这种暂时残疾就是暂时性失聪,所以选择A项。

(2).考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Well, it functions by analyzing the waves of the

incoming sound and creating a second set of and your peace and quiet

comes back"可知,Silence Machine能避免不必要的声音影响你,所以选择D项。

(3).考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"A spotlight lights up only one section of a stage;

similarly, a 'spotsound' creates a circle of sound in one targeted area"可知,spotsound和spotlight的共同点是它们可以被引导到一个特定的区域,所以选择D项。

(4).考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"This can be useful Restaurants

can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu, allowing

customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining"可知,Directed

sound可以用于公司为顾客提供不同的音乐,所以选择C项。

(5).考查主旨大意。作者在第一段中抛出话题"声音技术",并在第二、三、四段中介绍了声音技术领域的三个产品。由此可知,文章主要关注的是声音技术领域的发明,所以选择B项。

3.答案：CDC

解析：(1).考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"the phone boxes representative of an age are

now making something of a comeback"和最后一段中的"Inglis said phone boxes called to

mind an age when things were built to last"可以推断,公共电话亭回归的原因是它们可以使人们想起某一历史时期,故C项正确。

(2).考查细节理解。根据第三段最后一句中的"the phone boxes began disappearing in the

1980s,with the rise of the mobile phone sending most of them away to the junkyards"可知,公共电话亭在上个世纪八十年代退出历史舞台的原因是移动电话的兴起,故D项正确。

(3).考查推理判断。根据第五段中的"later other businessmen, got to work, repurposed

phone boxes began reappearing in cities and villages as people found new uses for

them"、第六段中的"the phone boxes have taken on a lifesaving role"以及第七段中的"opened a mini workshop in a London phone box in 2016"可以推断,公共电话亭受到大家欢迎的主要原因在于其改变了的作用和功能,故C项正确。

4.答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.B; 4.C

解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话“It will help us plan different life

events,sowe can spend more time enjoying life’smoments.”可知,人工智能帮我们计划生活中的诸多事情,从而让我们有更多的时间来更好地享受生活。故选D。

2.推理判断题。根据第二段前三句可知,世界上现存几千种语言,不同的文化,词汇的分享和使用的方式也不尽相同,包括语法、说话人的受教育程度和风格,这使得人工智能在理解语言的复杂性出现了困难。所以文化和语言的多样性是主要原因。故选C。

3.推理判断题。根据全文可知,作者一直在强调人工智能的优点,尤其最后一句“The

possibilities are endless.”可知,作者是支持人工智能的。故选B。

4.主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了未来人工智能会给我们生活带来很多便利,成为我们日常生活的一部分。故选C。

5.答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.D; 4.A

解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中It can even listen and answer to opposing statements,

much like a real person.可知它甚至可以倾听和回答相反的陈述,很像一个真人。由此可知,Project Debater可以倾听和回答相反的陈述,因此表现得像一个真实的人。故选A。

2.细节理解题。根据第五段中Before the debate, more than 1,100 arguments for the

positives and negatives of AI were submitted to the IBM website.可知在这场辩论之前,超过1100个关于人工智能利弊的论点被提交到IBM的网站上。由此可知,在剑桥测试辩论之前,人们为这台机器准备了辩论材料。故选C。

3.推理判断题。根据最后一句The team hopes to improve the AI by researching why humans

find certain arguments more persuasive than others.可知研究小组希望通过研究为什么人类发现某些论据比其他论据更有说服力,来提高人工智能。由此可推知,人工智能在辩论中需要更有说服力的论据。故选D。

4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中Speaking to Cambridge Independent, Noam Slonim, the

project’s lead engineer, said, “The AI is not perfect, but it’s going in the right

direction.”可知该项目的首席工程师Noam Slonim在接受《剑桥独立报》采访时表示:“人工智能并不完美,但它正朝着正确的方向前进。”由此可推知,Noam Slonim对于人工智能的态度是支持的。故选A。

6.答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.D; 4.B

解析：1.根据文章第二段对迷你机器人的动作描述可以得知他们的灵活性特点

2.根据文章第三段“using cheap and easy to find parts”和“it can be easily replaced”等可以得知原因

3.根据文章最后一段“extends beyond entertainment”和“assist first respondents with

search and recovery missions following natural disasters like earthquakes, work

alongside firefighters, even respond to military emergencies”可知答案

4.本文描述的是一种新型迷你机器人的制造和研究及其用途介绍,极有可能出现在一本杂志上

7.答案：1.A; 2.D; 3.B; 4.C

解析：1.推理判断题.根据第二段第一句The bridge is not very big, but it was rolled out

by a printer which makes it unique,这座桥不是很大,但它是由打印机打印出来的,这使得它独一无二.可知,它采用了3D打印,使桥梁独一无二.故选A.

2.推理判断题.根据第三段中"3D printing meant fewer rare resources were needed and

there was significantly less waste,"可知,根据Marinus Schimmel的说法,这座桥既经济又环保.故选D.

3.推理判断题.根据第最后一段中using computers and robotics to construct objects and

structures from scratch without using much traditional manpower.使用计算机和机器人从零开始建造物体和结构,而不需要很多传统的人力.可知,3D打印的建筑节省了很多人力.故选B.

4.主旨大意题.根据第一段第一句Dutch officials toasted on Tuesday the opening of what

is being called the world's first 3D-printed concrete bridge, which is meant to be

used by cyclists.周二,荷兰官员为世界上第一座3d打印混凝土桥梁的落成祝酒,桥是供骑自行车的人使用的.可知,世界上第一座3D打印桥梁向骑自行车的人开放.故选C.