2024年3月12日发(作者：蒲雨南)

高二英语周测3 2021/04/18

本试卷满分100分，时间45分钟

I．阅读理解(每题2.5分，总分27.5分)

A

Whales，like dolphins，belong to a group of mammals called “cetaceans”．This name comes

from a Latin word meaning “large sea animals”．There are at least seventy-five kinds of cetaceans.

Scientists divide the various kinds into two major groups—baleen whales，which do not have

teeth，and toothed whales，which have teeth. Whales have the same basic shape as fish，but they

differ from fish in many ways. The most noticeable difference is the tail. Fish have vertical tail

fins(鳍)，but whales have horizontal tail fins. Fish breathe by means of gills(鳃)，while whales

have lungs and must come to the surface to breathe. But they can hold their breath for long

periods.

Like other mammals，whales give birth to live young and feed them with milk produced by

the mother’s body. Most fish，however，lay eggs and do not feed their young. Whales are also

warm-blooded—that is，their body temperature remains about the same all the time. Almost all

fish are cold-blooded. Their body temperature changes with changes in the temperature of the

water.

Whales have a highly developed brain and they are highly advanced life forms. They sing to

their young，engage in complex family relationships，and their communication skills are fine.

In December 2005，a whale，after being rescued from fishing nets，didn’t just swim back to

deep water. It hung around and touched each of the divers with its mouth. “Knowing that it was

free，it stopped about a foot away from me，pushed me around a little bit and had some fun，” said

dive master James thought it was “one of the most fantastic moments” of his life.

1．According to Paragraph 1，which of the following shows the correct relationship?

A．Mammals are a type of cetacean. B．Cetaceans are not a type of mammal.

C．Whales belong to the cetacean family. D．Mammals are a type of whale.

2．Which of the following is NOT a difference between whales and fish?

A．Whales breathe by means of lungs.

B．Whales have tail fins.

C．Whales feed their young with milk.

D．A whale’s body temperature nearly doesn’t change.

3．Why didn’t the whale swim back to the sea after it was saved?

A．It lost its way in the sea. B．It was seriously wounded.

C．It was frightened by the divers. D．It wanted to thank the divers.

B

Some years ago，Michel Andre found himself staring at the body of a dead whale on a beach

in the Canary Islands. It was obvious that the animal had been struck violently by a ship—but why?

Only later，after surveying the whales which lived in the area and measuring the increase of sound

pollution from ships did it become clear that there was a link.

The whales had become desensitised to the noise of approaching boats and were being struck

by them，often seriously. “We never thought that this could be something that could kill，” recalls

Andre，who is the director of the Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics at the Technical University

of Catalonia，Barcelona.

Andre has spent 20 years developing an advanced system to better understand why incidents

like this happen. His underwater microphones have exposed a world of deafening sound and

animal communication never observed with such clarity(清晰) before.

It was not an easy task. Sound waves don’t travel through water in the uniform，predictable

way they do through the air. Instead，the temperature，salinity(盐度) and，flow of water have great

effects on their path.

What can be done? One solution is to change shipping routes to courses where ships are

statistically less likely to meet animals. It’s also possible to slow ships down to 18km/h or less，

which is less likely to seriously injure a whale.

As for dealing with the root cause of the problem，the UN’s International Maritime

Organisation has already published guidelines on how to quieten ships，but it will be a while

before the effects of such changes might be observed.

“The ocean is not our world，” comments Andre. But it is ours to look after. And thanks to his

work，we can better understand the effects of subsea sound pollution.

4．What does the underlined word “desensitised” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A．Stubborn. B．Flexible. C．Dull. D．Friendly.

5．What’s one way to solve the problem according to the text?

A．To lower the speed of ships.

B．To reduce the number of ships.

C．To set up preserves under the sea.

D．To give the injured animals timely treatment.

6．What is the author’s attitude towards what Michel Andre has done?

A．Doubtful. B．Disapproving. C．Positive.

7．What is the text mainly about?

A．A great expert. B．Noise in the sea.

D．Uncaring.

C．Animals in the sea. D．Sea exploration technology.

C

California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published

Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(

因素

).

The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,

000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected,

from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los

Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in

parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.

Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick Mclntyre, an ecologist who was the lead

author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods.

Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with

big trees for resources(

资源

).

But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one

between 2001 and 2010, Mclntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees

that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.

The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water

shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how

much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account

such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(

融雪

).

Since the 1930s, Mclntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have

been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt,

which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.

8. What is the second paragraph mainly about?

A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.

B. The increasing variety of California big trees.

C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.

D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.

9. Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?

A. Ecological studies of forests. B. Banning woodcutting.

C. Limiting housing development. D. Fire control measures.

10. What is a major cause of the water shortage according to Mclntyre?

A. Inadequate snowmelt.

C. A warmer climate.

B. A longer dry season.

D. Dampness of the air.

11. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. California's Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?

B. Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon

C. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?

D. Patrick Mclntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California

Ⅱ.七选五（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

A new report says plastic is responsible for the damage to the oceans and the undersea

environment. The findings were announced recently at a United Nations conference. 12

Plastic thrown away carelessly makes its way into rivers and other waterways. 13 After

a while，it collects in the sea. And plastic never goes away. Plastic is not

biodegradable—destroyed by bacteria or natural processes. Instead，it just breaks up into smaller

pieces over time. The oceans contain a lot of chemicals and other pollutants.(污染物) 14 That

means harmful material may get into our food supply.

15 Human beings cause pollution and they can take steps to stop it. They can use fewer

single use containers and throw plastic away correctly. Plastic recycling programmers also work

where old bottles and other plastic are collected，broken down and used to make new products.

The report also calls on companies to improve methods for using plastic. 16 And it calls

for information about the way plastic is thrown out or removed from use.

By putting a new value on plastic，industry has a special reason to clean up the environment.

But all of the companies must join to deal with the problem.

A．Then，fish may eat the plastic.

B．It asks them to better measure and direct plastic use.

C．The plastic eventually reaches coastal areas and ocean waters.

D．The report talks about the harm to sea life and what can be done to improve the situation.

E．Plastic should be gathered together and reused.

F．But people can make a big difference.

G．It is convenient to use plastic bags in everyday life.

2024年3月12日发(作者：蒲雨南)

高二英语周测3 2021/04/18

本试卷满分100分，时间45分钟

I．阅读理解(每题2.5分，总分27.5分)

A

Whales，like dolphins，belong to a group of mammals called “cetaceans”．This name comes

from a Latin word meaning “large sea animals”．There are at least seventy-five kinds of cetaceans.

Scientists divide the various kinds into two major groups—baleen whales，which do not have

teeth，and toothed whales，which have teeth. Whales have the same basic shape as fish，but they

differ from fish in many ways. The most noticeable difference is the tail. Fish have vertical tail

fins(鳍)，but whales have horizontal tail fins. Fish breathe by means of gills(鳃)，while whales

have lungs and must come to the surface to breathe. But they can hold their breath for long

periods.

Like other mammals，whales give birth to live young and feed them with milk produced by

the mother’s body. Most fish，however，lay eggs and do not feed their young. Whales are also

warm-blooded—that is，their body temperature remains about the same all the time. Almost all

fish are cold-blooded. Their body temperature changes with changes in the temperature of the

water.

Whales have a highly developed brain and they are highly advanced life forms. They sing to

their young，engage in complex family relationships，and their communication skills are fine.

In December 2005，a whale，after being rescued from fishing nets，didn’t just swim back to

deep water. It hung around and touched each of the divers with its mouth. “Knowing that it was

free，it stopped about a foot away from me，pushed me around a little bit and had some fun，” said

dive master James thought it was “one of the most fantastic moments” of his life.

1．According to Paragraph 1，which of the following shows the correct relationship?

A．Mammals are a type of cetacean. B．Cetaceans are not a type of mammal.

C．Whales belong to the cetacean family. D．Mammals are a type of whale.

2．Which of the following is NOT a difference between whales and fish?

A．Whales breathe by means of lungs.

B．Whales have tail fins.

C．Whales feed their young with milk.

D．A whale’s body temperature nearly doesn’t change.

3．Why didn’t the whale swim back to the sea after it was saved?

A．It lost its way in the sea. B．It was seriously wounded.

C．It was frightened by the divers. D．It wanted to thank the divers.

B

Some years ago，Michel Andre found himself staring at the body of a dead whale on a beach

in the Canary Islands. It was obvious that the animal had been struck violently by a ship—but why?

Only later，after surveying the whales which lived in the area and measuring the increase of sound

pollution from ships did it become clear that there was a link.

The whales had become desensitised to the noise of approaching boats and were being struck

by them，often seriously. “We never thought that this could be something that could kill，” recalls

Andre，who is the director of the Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics at the Technical University

of Catalonia，Barcelona.

Andre has spent 20 years developing an advanced system to better understand why incidents

like this happen. His underwater microphones have exposed a world of deafening sound and

animal communication never observed with such clarity(清晰) before.

It was not an easy task. Sound waves don’t travel through water in the uniform，predictable

way they do through the air. Instead，the temperature，salinity(盐度) and，flow of water have great

effects on their path.

What can be done? One solution is to change shipping routes to courses where ships are

statistically less likely to meet animals. It’s also possible to slow ships down to 18km/h or less，

which is less likely to seriously injure a whale.

As for dealing with the root cause of the problem，the UN’s International Maritime

Organisation has already published guidelines on how to quieten ships，but it will be a while

before the effects of such changes might be observed.

“The ocean is not our world，” comments Andre. But it is ours to look after. And thanks to his

work，we can better understand the effects of subsea sound pollution.

4．What does the underlined word “desensitised” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A．Stubborn. B．Flexible. C．Dull. D．Friendly.

5．What’s one way to solve the problem according to the text?

A．To lower the speed of ships.

B．To reduce the number of ships.

C．To set up preserves under the sea.

D．To give the injured animals timely treatment.

6．What is the author’s attitude towards what Michel Andre has done?

A．Doubtful. B．Disapproving. C．Positive.

7．What is the text mainly about?

A．A great expert. B．Noise in the sea.

D．Uncaring.

C．Animals in the sea. D．Sea exploration technology.

C

California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published

Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(

因素

).

The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,

000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected,

from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los

Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in

parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.

Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick Mclntyre, an ecologist who was the lead

author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods.

Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with

big trees for resources(

资源

).

But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one

between 2001 and 2010, Mclntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees

that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.

The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water

shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how

much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account

such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(

融雪

).

Since the 1930s, Mclntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have

been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt,

which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.

8. What is the second paragraph mainly about?

A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.

B. The increasing variety of California big trees.

C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.

D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.

9. Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?

A. Ecological studies of forests. B. Banning woodcutting.

C. Limiting housing development. D. Fire control measures.

10. What is a major cause of the water shortage according to Mclntyre?

A. Inadequate snowmelt.

C. A warmer climate.

B. A longer dry season.

D. Dampness of the air.

11. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. California's Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?

B. Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon

C. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?

D. Patrick Mclntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California

Ⅱ.七选五（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

A new report says plastic is responsible for the damage to the oceans and the undersea

environment. The findings were announced recently at a United Nations conference. 12

Plastic thrown away carelessly makes its way into rivers and other waterways. 13 After

a while，it collects in the sea. And plastic never goes away. Plastic is not

biodegradable—destroyed by bacteria or natural processes. Instead，it just breaks up into smaller

pieces over time. The oceans contain a lot of chemicals and other pollutants.(污染物) 14 That

means harmful material may get into our food supply.

15 Human beings cause pollution and they can take steps to stop it. They can use fewer

single use containers and throw plastic away correctly. Plastic recycling programmers also work

where old bottles and other plastic are collected，broken down and used to make new products.

The report also calls on companies to improve methods for using plastic. 16 And it calls

for information about the way plastic is thrown out or removed from use.

By putting a new value on plastic，industry has a special reason to clean up the environment.

But all of the companies must join to deal with the problem.

A．Then，fish may eat the plastic.

B．It asks them to better measure and direct plastic use.

C．The plastic eventually reaches coastal areas and ocean waters.

D．The report talks about the harm to sea life and what can be done to improve the situation.

E．Plastic should be gathered together and reused.

F．But people can make a big difference.

G．It is convenient to use plastic bags in everyday life.