2024年3月19日发(作者：贸依心)
2015年6月英语四级真题及答案汇总
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay
based on the picture should start your essay with a brief desc
ription of the picture and then comment on the kid's understanding of go
ing to should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 w
ords.
“Why am I going to school if my phone already knows everything?”
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are
required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in
a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before
making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please
mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2 with a single
line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more
than once.
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
The U.S. Department of Education is making efforts to ensure that all
students have equal access to a quality education. Today it is（36） the launch
of the Excellent Educators for All Initiative. The initiative will help states
and school districts support great educators for the students who need them
most.
"All children are（37 ）to a high-quality education regardless of their
race, zip code or family income. It is （38 ）important that we provide teachers
and principals the support they need to help students reach their full （39） ,"
U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan said." Despite the excellent work
and deep（ 40 ）of our nation's teachers and principals, students in
high-poverty, high- minority schools are unfairly treated across our country.
We have to do better. Local leaders and educators will （41 ）their own creative
solutions, but we must work together to （42） our focus on how to better
recruit, support and（43） effective teachers and principals for all students,
especially the kids who need them most."
Today's announcement is another important step forward in improving
access to a quality education, a （44 ）of President Obama's year of action.
Later today, Secretary Duncan will lead a roundtable discussion with
principals and school teachers from across the country about the （45 ）
of working in high-need schools and how to adopt promising practices for
supporting great educators in these schools.
A. Announcing B. beneficial C. challenges
D. commitment E. component F. contests
G. critically H. develop I. distributing
J. enhance K. entitled L. potential
M. properly N. qualified O. retain
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten
statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one
of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is
derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked
with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on
Answer Sheet 2.
The Changes Facing Fast Food
A)Fast-food firms have to be a thick-skinned bunch. Health experts
regularly criticize them severely for selling food that makes people fat.
Critics even complain that McDonald's, whose logo symbolizes calorie excess,
should not have been allowed to sponsor the World Cup. These are things
fast-food firms have learnt to cope with. But not perhaps for much longer.
The burger business faces more pressure from regulators at a time when it
is already adapting strategies in response to shifts in the global economy.
B)Fast food was once thought to be recession-proof. When consumers need
to cut spending, the logic goes, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become
even more attractive. Such "trading down "proved true for much of the latest
recession, when fast-food companies picked up customers who could no longer
afford to eat at casual restaurants. Traffic was boosted in America, the home
of fast food, with discounts and promotions, such as $1 menus and cheap
combination meals.
C)As a result, fast-food chains have weathered the recession better than
their more expensive competitors. In 2009 sales at full-service restaurants
in America fell by more than 6% , but total sales remained about the same
at fast-food chains. In some markets, such as Japan, France and Britain, total
spending on fast food increased. Same-store sales in America at McDonald's,
the world's largest fast-food company, did not decline throughout the
downturn. Panera Bread, an American fast-food chain known for its fresh
ingredients, performed well, too, because it offers higher-quality food at
lower prices than restaurants.
D)But not all fast-food companies have been as fortunate. Many, such as
Burger King, have seen sales fall. In a severe recession, while some people
trade down to fast food, many others eat at home more frequently to save money.
David Palmer, an analyst at UBS, a bank, says smaller fast- food chains in
America, such as Jack in the Box and Carl's Jr., have been hit particularly
hard in this downturn because they are competing with the global giant
McDonald's, which increased spending on advertising by more than 7% last year
as others cut back.
E)Some fast-food companies also sacrificed their own profits by trying
to give customers better value. During the recession companies set prices
low, hoping that once they had tempted customers through the door they would
be persuaded to order more expensive items. But in many cases that strategy
did not work. Last year Burger King franchisees (特许经营人)sued (起诉)the
company over its double-cheeseburger promotion, claiming it was unfair for
them to be repuired to sell these for $1 when they cost$1.10 to make. In May
a judge ruled in favour of Burger King. Nevertheless, the company may still
be cursing its decision to promote cheap choices over more expensive ones
because items on its "value menu" now account for around 20% of all sales,
up from 12% last October.
F)Analysts expect the fast-food industry to grow modestly this year. But
the downturn is making companies rethink their strategies. Many are now
introducing higher-priced items to entice (引诱)consumers away from $1
specials. KFC, a division of Yum! Brands, which also owns Taco Belland Pizza
Hut, has launched a chicken sandwich that costs around $ in May Burger
King introduced barbecue (烧烤)pork ribs at $7 for eight.
G)Companies are also trying to get customers to buy new and more items,
including drinks. McDonald's started selling better coffee as a challenge
to Starbucks. Its " McCafe" line now accounts for an estimated 6% of sales
in America. Starbucks has sold rights to its Seattle's Best coffee brand to
Burger King, which will start selling it later this year.
H)As fast-food companies shift from "super size" to "more buys", they
need to keep customer traffic high throughout the day. Many see breakfast
as a big opportunity, and not just for fatty food. McDonald's will start
selling porridge (粥)in America next year. Breakfast has the potential to
be very profitable, says Sara Senatore of Bernstein, a research firm, because
the margins can be high. Fast-food companies are also adding midday and
late-night snacks, such as blended drinks and wraps. The idea is that by having
a greater range of things on the menu, "we can sell to consumers products
they want all day," says Rick Carucci., the .chief financial officer of Yum !
Brands.
I) But what about those growing waistlines? So far, fast-food firms have
cleverly avoided government regulation. By providing healthy options, like
salads and low-calorie sandwiches, they have at least given the impression
of doing something about helping to fight obesity (肥胖症).These offerings
are not necessarily loss-leaders, as they broaden the appeal of outlets to
groups of diners that include some people who don't want to eat a burger.
But customers cannot be forced to order salads instead of fries.
J)In the future, simply offering a healthy option may not be good enough.
"Every packaged-food and restaurant company I know is concerned about
regulation right now," says of UBS. America's health-reform bill,
which Congress passed this year, requires restaurant chains with 20 or more
outlets to put the calorie-content of items they serve on the menu. A study
by the National Bureau of Economic Research, which tracked the effects on
Starbucks of a similar calorie-posting law in New York City in 2007, found
that the average calorie-count per transaction fell 6% and revenue increased
3% at Starbucks stores where a Dunldn Donuts outlet was nearby--a sign, it
is said, that menu-labelling could favour chains that have more healthy
offerings.
K)In order to avoid other legislation in America and elsewhere, fast-food
companies will have to continue innovating (创新).Walt Riker of McDonald's
claims the change it has made in its menu means it offers more healthy items
than it did a few years ago. "We probably sell more vegetables, more milk,
more salads, more apples than any restaurant business in the world," he says.
But the recent proposal by a county in California to ban McDonald's from
including toys in its high-calorie "Happy Meals", because legislators believe
it attracts children to unhealthy food, suggests there is a lot more left
to do.
46. Some people propose laws be made to stop McDonald's from attaching toys
to its food specials for children.
47. Fast-food finns may not be able to cope with pressures from food regulation
in the near future.
48. Burger King will start to sell Seattle's Best coffee to increase sales.
49. Some fast-food firms provide healthy food to give the impression they
are helping to tackle the obesity problem.
50. During the recession, many customers turned to fast food to save money.
51. Many people eat out less often to save money in times of recession.
52. During the recession, Burger King's promotional strategy of offering
low-priced items often proved ineffective.
53. Fast-food restaurants can make a lot of money by selling breakfast.
54. Many fast-food companies now expect to increase their revenue by
introducing higher-priced items.
55. A newly-passed law asks big fast-food chains to specify the calorie count
of what they serve on the menu.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed
by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four
choices marked A., B), C) and D ).You should decide on the best choice and
mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through
the centre.
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
If you think a high-factor sunscreen (防晒霜)keeps you safe from harmful
rays, you may be wrong. Research in this week's Nature shows that while factor
50 reduces the number of melanomas(黑瘤)and delays their occurrence, it can't
prevent them. Melanomas are the most aggressive skin cancers. You have a
higher risk if you have red or blond hair, fair skin, blue or green eyes,
or sunburn easily, or if a close relative has had one. Melanomas are more
common if you have periodic intense exposure to the sun. Other skin cancers
are increasingly likely with long-term exposure.
There is continuing debate as to how effective sunscreen is in reducing
melanomas? the evidence is weaker than it is for preventing other types of
skin cancer. A 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people found that people
randomly selected to apply sunscreen daily had half the rate of melanomas
of people who used cream as needed. A second study, comparing 1,167 people
with melanomas to 1,101 who didn't have the cancer, found that using sunscreen
routinely, alongside other protection such as hats, long sleeves or staying
in the shade, did give some protection. This study said other forms of sun
protection? not sunscreen? seemed most beneficial. The study relied on people
remembering what they had done over each decade of their lives, so it's not
entirely reliable. But it seems reasonable to think sunscreen gives people
a false sense of security in the sun.
Many people also don't use sunscreen properly?applying insufficient
amounts, failing to reapply after a couple of hours and staying in the sun
too long. It is sunburn that is most worrying?recent research shows five
episodes of sunburn in the teenage years increases the risk of all skin
cancers.
The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce
melanoma rates, as shown by Australian figures from their slip-slop-slap
campaign. So if there is a heat wave this summer, it would be best for us,
too, to slip on a shirt, slop on (抹上)sunscreen and slap on a hat.
56. What is people's common expectation of a high-factor sunscreen?
A. It will delay the occurrence of skin cancer.
B. It will protect them from sunburn.
C. It will keep their skin smooth and fair.
D. It will work for people of any skin color.
57. What does the research in Nature say about a high-factor sunscreen?
A. It is ineffective in preventing melanomas.
B. It is ineffective in case of intense sunlight.
C. It is ineffective with long-term exposure.
D. It is ineffective for people with fair skin.
58. What do we learn from the 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people?
A. Sunscreen should be applied alongside other protection measures.
B. High-risk people benefit the most from the application of sunscreen.
C. Irregular application of sunscreen does women more harm than good.
D. Daily application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence of melanomas.
59. What does the author say about the second Australian study?
A. It misleads people to rely on sunscreen for protection.
B. It helps people to select the most effective sunscreen.
C. It is not based on direct observation of the subjects.
D. It confirms the results of the first Australian study.
60. What does the author suggest to reduce melanoma rates?
A. Using both covering up and sunscreen.
B. Staying in the shade whenever possible.
C. Using covering up instead of sunscreen.
D. Applying the right amount of sunscreen.
Passage Two
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than
the less-skilled. Some 65% of American men aged 62 -74 with a professional
degree are in the workforce, compared with 32% of men with only a high-school
certificate. This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated
well-off and the unskilled poor. Rapid technological advance has raised the
incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled. The
consequences, for individuals and society, are profound.
The world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people, and
they will live longer than ever before. Over the next 20 years the global
population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to
1.1 billion. The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity (长
寿)translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work,
has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic
growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget
problems.
But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle
old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled.
Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older
skilled folk are working longer. The divide is most extreme in America, where
well-educated baby-boomers (二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)are putting off
retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the
workforce.
Policy is partly responsible. Many European governments have abandoned
policies that used to encourage people to retire early. Rising life expectancy
(预期寿命), combined with the replacement of generous defamed-benefit
pension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones, means that even
the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement. But the
changing nature of work also plays a big role. Pay has risen sharply for the
highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age
because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding
generation. Technological change may well reinforce that shift: the skills
that complement computers, from management knowhow to creativity, do not
necessarily decline with age.
61. What is happening in the workforce in rich countries?
A. Younger people are replacing the elderly.
B. Well-educated people tend to work longer.
C. Unemployment rates are rising year after year.
D. People with no college degree do not easily find work.
62. What has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor?
A. Longer life expectancies.
B. A rapid technological advance.
C. Profound changes in the workforce.
D. A growing number of the well-educated.
63. What do many observers predict in view of the experience of the 20th
century?
A. Economic growth will slow down.
B. Government budgets will increase.
C. More people will try to pursue higher education.
D. There will be more competition in the job market.
64. What is the result of policy changes in European countries?
A. Unskilled workers may choose to retire early.
B. More people have to receive in-service training.
C. Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.
D. People may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans.
65. What is characteristic of work in the 21st century?
A. Computers will do more complicated work.
B. More will be taken by the educated young.
C. Most jobs to be done will be the creative ones.
D. Skills are highly valued regardless of age.
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage
from Chinese into should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
中国是世界上最古老的文明之一。构成现代世界基础的许多元素都起源于中国。
中国现在拥有世界上发展最快的经济，并正经历着一次新的工业革命。中国还启动
了雄心勃勃的太空探索计划，其中包括到2020年建成一个太空站。目前，中国是世
界最大的出口国之一，并正在吸引大量外国投资。同时，它也在海外投资数十亿美
元。2011年，中国超越日本成为世界第二大经济体。
1.D)。选项中多次出现game和play chess，可以推测对话内容与下象棋有关。另外，
从四个选项的内容审可以椎测，对话讲的府该县女士想放弃下象棋，男士给出建议
或指导。
本题的关键在于听懂反问句和反问的语调。女士说因为今天又输了，所以打算
放弃下象棋。男士没有正面回应，而是反问了两句：Just because you lost?Is that
2024年3月19日发(作者：贸依心)
2015年6月英语四级真题及答案汇总
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay
based on the picture should start your essay with a brief desc
ription of the picture and then comment on the kid's understanding of go
ing to should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 w
ords.
“Why am I going to school if my phone already knows everything?”
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are
required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in
a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before
making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please
mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2 with a single
line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more
than once.
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
The U.S. Department of Education is making efforts to ensure that all
students have equal access to a quality education. Today it is（36） the launch
of the Excellent Educators for All Initiative. The initiative will help states
and school districts support great educators for the students who need them
most.
"All children are（37 ）to a high-quality education regardless of their
race, zip code or family income. It is （38 ）important that we provide teachers
and principals the support they need to help students reach their full （39） ,"
U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan said." Despite the excellent work
and deep（ 40 ）of our nation's teachers and principals, students in
high-poverty, high- minority schools are unfairly treated across our country.
We have to do better. Local leaders and educators will （41 ）their own creative
solutions, but we must work together to （42） our focus on how to better
recruit, support and（43） effective teachers and principals for all students,
especially the kids who need them most."
Today's announcement is another important step forward in improving
access to a quality education, a （44 ）of President Obama's year of action.
Later today, Secretary Duncan will lead a roundtable discussion with
principals and school teachers from across the country about the （45 ）
of working in high-need schools and how to adopt promising practices for
supporting great educators in these schools.
A. Announcing B. beneficial C. challenges
D. commitment E. component F. contests
G. critically H. develop I. distributing
J. enhance K. entitled L. potential
M. properly N. qualified O. retain
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten
statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one
of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is
derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked
with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on
Answer Sheet 2.
The Changes Facing Fast Food
A)Fast-food firms have to be a thick-skinned bunch. Health experts
regularly criticize them severely for selling food that makes people fat.
Critics even complain that McDonald's, whose logo symbolizes calorie excess,
should not have been allowed to sponsor the World Cup. These are things
fast-food firms have learnt to cope with. But not perhaps for much longer.
The burger business faces more pressure from regulators at a time when it
is already adapting strategies in response to shifts in the global economy.
B)Fast food was once thought to be recession-proof. When consumers need
to cut spending, the logic goes, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become
even more attractive. Such "trading down "proved true for much of the latest
recession, when fast-food companies picked up customers who could no longer
afford to eat at casual restaurants. Traffic was boosted in America, the home
of fast food, with discounts and promotions, such as $1 menus and cheap
combination meals.
C)As a result, fast-food chains have weathered the recession better than
their more expensive competitors. In 2009 sales at full-service restaurants
in America fell by more than 6% , but total sales remained about the same
at fast-food chains. In some markets, such as Japan, France and Britain, total
spending on fast food increased. Same-store sales in America at McDonald's,
the world's largest fast-food company, did not decline throughout the
downturn. Panera Bread, an American fast-food chain known for its fresh
ingredients, performed well, too, because it offers higher-quality food at
lower prices than restaurants.
D)But not all fast-food companies have been as fortunate. Many, such as
Burger King, have seen sales fall. In a severe recession, while some people
trade down to fast food, many others eat at home more frequently to save money.
David Palmer, an analyst at UBS, a bank, says smaller fast- food chains in
America, such as Jack in the Box and Carl's Jr., have been hit particularly
hard in this downturn because they are competing with the global giant
McDonald's, which increased spending on advertising by more than 7% last year
as others cut back.
E)Some fast-food companies also sacrificed their own profits by trying
to give customers better value. During the recession companies set prices
low, hoping that once they had tempted customers through the door they would
be persuaded to order more expensive items. But in many cases that strategy
did not work. Last year Burger King franchisees (特许经营人)sued (起诉)the
company over its double-cheeseburger promotion, claiming it was unfair for
them to be repuired to sell these for $1 when they cost$1.10 to make. In May
a judge ruled in favour of Burger King. Nevertheless, the company may still
be cursing its decision to promote cheap choices over more expensive ones
because items on its "value menu" now account for around 20% of all sales,
up from 12% last October.
F)Analysts expect the fast-food industry to grow modestly this year. But
the downturn is making companies rethink their strategies. Many are now
introducing higher-priced items to entice (引诱)consumers away from $1
specials. KFC, a division of Yum! Brands, which also owns Taco Belland Pizza
Hut, has launched a chicken sandwich that costs around $ in May Burger
King introduced barbecue (烧烤)pork ribs at $7 for eight.
G)Companies are also trying to get customers to buy new and more items,
including drinks. McDonald's started selling better coffee as a challenge
to Starbucks. Its " McCafe" line now accounts for an estimated 6% of sales
in America. Starbucks has sold rights to its Seattle's Best coffee brand to
Burger King, which will start selling it later this year.
H)As fast-food companies shift from "super size" to "more buys", they
need to keep customer traffic high throughout the day. Many see breakfast
as a big opportunity, and not just for fatty food. McDonald's will start
selling porridge (粥)in America next year. Breakfast has the potential to
be very profitable, says Sara Senatore of Bernstein, a research firm, because
the margins can be high. Fast-food companies are also adding midday and
late-night snacks, such as blended drinks and wraps. The idea is that by having
a greater range of things on the menu, "we can sell to consumers products
they want all day," says Rick Carucci., the .chief financial officer of Yum !
Brands.
I) But what about those growing waistlines? So far, fast-food firms have
cleverly avoided government regulation. By providing healthy options, like
salads and low-calorie sandwiches, they have at least given the impression
of doing something about helping to fight obesity (肥胖症).These offerings
are not necessarily loss-leaders, as they broaden the appeal of outlets to
groups of diners that include some people who don't want to eat a burger.
But customers cannot be forced to order salads instead of fries.
J)In the future, simply offering a healthy option may not be good enough.
"Every packaged-food and restaurant company I know is concerned about
regulation right now," says of UBS. America's health-reform bill,
which Congress passed this year, requires restaurant chains with 20 or more
outlets to put the calorie-content of items they serve on the menu. A study
by the National Bureau of Economic Research, which tracked the effects on
Starbucks of a similar calorie-posting law in New York City in 2007, found
that the average calorie-count per transaction fell 6% and revenue increased
3% at Starbucks stores where a Dunldn Donuts outlet was nearby--a sign, it
is said, that menu-labelling could favour chains that have more healthy
offerings.
K)In order to avoid other legislation in America and elsewhere, fast-food
companies will have to continue innovating (创新).Walt Riker of McDonald's
claims the change it has made in its menu means it offers more healthy items
than it did a few years ago. "We probably sell more vegetables, more milk,
more salads, more apples than any restaurant business in the world," he says.
But the recent proposal by a county in California to ban McDonald's from
including toys in its high-calorie "Happy Meals", because legislators believe
it attracts children to unhealthy food, suggests there is a lot more left
to do.
46. Some people propose laws be made to stop McDonald's from attaching toys
to its food specials for children.
47. Fast-food finns may not be able to cope with pressures from food regulation
in the near future.
48. Burger King will start to sell Seattle's Best coffee to increase sales.
49. Some fast-food firms provide healthy food to give the impression they
are helping to tackle the obesity problem.
50. During the recession, many customers turned to fast food to save money.
51. Many people eat out less often to save money in times of recession.
52. During the recession, Burger King's promotional strategy of offering
low-priced items often proved ineffective.
53. Fast-food restaurants can make a lot of money by selling breakfast.
54. Many fast-food companies now expect to increase their revenue by
introducing higher-priced items.
55. A newly-passed law asks big fast-food chains to specify the calorie count
of what they serve on the menu.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed
by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four
choices marked A., B), C) and D ).You should decide on the best choice and
mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through
the centre.
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
If you think a high-factor sunscreen (防晒霜)keeps you safe from harmful
rays, you may be wrong. Research in this week's Nature shows that while factor
50 reduces the number of melanomas(黑瘤)and delays their occurrence, it can't
prevent them. Melanomas are the most aggressive skin cancers. You have a
higher risk if you have red or blond hair, fair skin, blue or green eyes,
or sunburn easily, or if a close relative has had one. Melanomas are more
common if you have periodic intense exposure to the sun. Other skin cancers
are increasingly likely with long-term exposure.
There is continuing debate as to how effective sunscreen is in reducing
melanomas? the evidence is weaker than it is for preventing other types of
skin cancer. A 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people found that people
randomly selected to apply sunscreen daily had half the rate of melanomas
of people who used cream as needed. A second study, comparing 1,167 people
with melanomas to 1,101 who didn't have the cancer, found that using sunscreen
routinely, alongside other protection such as hats, long sleeves or staying
in the shade, did give some protection. This study said other forms of sun
protection? not sunscreen? seemed most beneficial. The study relied on people
remembering what they had done over each decade of their lives, so it's not
entirely reliable. But it seems reasonable to think sunscreen gives people
a false sense of security in the sun.
Many people also don't use sunscreen properly?applying insufficient
amounts, failing to reapply after a couple of hours and staying in the sun
too long. It is sunburn that is most worrying?recent research shows five
episodes of sunburn in the teenage years increases the risk of all skin
cancers.
The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce
melanoma rates, as shown by Australian figures from their slip-slop-slap
campaign. So if there is a heat wave this summer, it would be best for us,
too, to slip on a shirt, slop on (抹上)sunscreen and slap on a hat.
56. What is people's common expectation of a high-factor sunscreen?
A. It will delay the occurrence of skin cancer.
B. It will protect them from sunburn.
C. It will keep their skin smooth and fair.
D. It will work for people of any skin color.
57. What does the research in Nature say about a high-factor sunscreen?
A. It is ineffective in preventing melanomas.
B. It is ineffective in case of intense sunlight.
C. It is ineffective with long-term exposure.
D. It is ineffective for people with fair skin.
58. What do we learn from the 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people?
A. Sunscreen should be applied alongside other protection measures.
B. High-risk people benefit the most from the application of sunscreen.
C. Irregular application of sunscreen does women more harm than good.
D. Daily application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence of melanomas.
59. What does the author say about the second Australian study?
A. It misleads people to rely on sunscreen for protection.
B. It helps people to select the most effective sunscreen.
C. It is not based on direct observation of the subjects.
D. It confirms the results of the first Australian study.
60. What does the author suggest to reduce melanoma rates?
A. Using both covering up and sunscreen.
B. Staying in the shade whenever possible.
C. Using covering up instead of sunscreen.
D. Applying the right amount of sunscreen.
Passage Two
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than
the less-skilled. Some 65% of American men aged 62 -74 with a professional
degree are in the workforce, compared with 32% of men with only a high-school
certificate. This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated
well-off and the unskilled poor. Rapid technological advance has raised the
incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled. The
consequences, for individuals and society, are profound.
The world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people, and
they will live longer than ever before. Over the next 20 years the global
population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to
1.1 billion. The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity (长
寿)translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work,
has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic
growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget
problems.
But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle
old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled.
Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older
skilled folk are working longer. The divide is most extreme in America, where
well-educated baby-boomers (二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)are putting off
retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the
workforce.
Policy is partly responsible. Many European governments have abandoned
policies that used to encourage people to retire early. Rising life expectancy
(预期寿命), combined with the replacement of generous defamed-benefit
pension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones, means that even
the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement. But the
changing nature of work also plays a big role. Pay has risen sharply for the
highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age
because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding
generation. Technological change may well reinforce that shift: the skills
that complement computers, from management knowhow to creativity, do not
necessarily decline with age.
61. What is happening in the workforce in rich countries?
A. Younger people are replacing the elderly.
B. Well-educated people tend to work longer.
C. Unemployment rates are rising year after year.
D. People with no college degree do not easily find work.
62. What has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor?
A. Longer life expectancies.
B. A rapid technological advance.
C. Profound changes in the workforce.
D. A growing number of the well-educated.
63. What do many observers predict in view of the experience of the 20th
century?
A. Economic growth will slow down.
B. Government budgets will increase.
C. More people will try to pursue higher education.
D. There will be more competition in the job market.
64. What is the result of policy changes in European countries?
A. Unskilled workers may choose to retire early.
B. More people have to receive in-service training.
C. Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.
D. People may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans.
65. What is characteristic of work in the 21st century?
A. Computers will do more complicated work.
B. More will be taken by the educated young.
C. Most jobs to be done will be the creative ones.
D. Skills are highly valued regardless of age.
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage
from Chinese into should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
中国是世界上最古老的文明之一。构成现代世界基础的许多元素都起源于中国。
中国现在拥有世界上发展最快的经济，并正经历着一次新的工业革命。中国还启动
了雄心勃勃的太空探索计划，其中包括到2020年建成一个太空站。目前，中国是世
界最大的出口国之一，并正在吸引大量外国投资。同时，它也在海外投资数十亿美
元。2011年，中国超越日本成为世界第二大经济体。
1.D)。选项中多次出现game和play chess，可以推测对话内容与下象棋有关。另外，
从四个选项的内容审可以椎测，对话讲的府该县女士想放弃下象棋，男士给出建议
或指导。
本题的关键在于听懂反问句和反问的语调。女士说因为今天又输了，所以打算
放弃下象棋。男士没有正面回应，而是反问了两句：Just because you lost?Is that