2024年4月2日发(作者：訾鹏程)
[Original Source] (A totalitarian) society…can never permit either the truthful
recording of facts, or the emotional sincerity, that literary creation
demands….Totalitarianism demands… the continuous alteration of the past,
and in the long run…a disbelief in the very existence of objective truth.
(written by George Orwell)
[Version C] Orwell believed that totalitarian societies must suppress literature
and free expression because they cannot survive the truth, and thus they claim
it does not exist.
(1) Deep waters that were once off limits to oil explores are suddenly
accessible, partly because of advances in floating rigs.
Deep water exploring oil had once been impossible before, but now it
becomes practicable in part because the floating rigs have developed much.
(2) A liver cell has a different job from a blood cell and proteins to match.
肝细胞与血液细胞分工不同，而且与之匹配的蛋白质也不同。
A liver cell plays a different role compared with a blood cell and the
proteins inside a liver cell are different from those inside a blood cell.
(3) This suggests that there is a great deal of plasticity in the growing embryo
that still allows it to develop successfully even when a significant proportion of its
genes are malfunctioning. 这表明胚胎在生长发育过程中有较大的可塑性，即使大部分
基因发生突变，仍能成功发育。
It can be concluded from the cloning studies that the growing embryo
bears a lot of plasticity which enables it to develop successfully even under the
condition that there are a great proportion of malfunctioning genes.
III. Directions: Write a paraphrase of each of the following passages. Try
not to look back at the original passage.
(1). "The Antarctic is the vast source of cold on our planet, just as the sun is the
source of our heat, and it exerts tremendous control on our climate," [Jacques]
Cousteau told the camera. "The cold ocean water around Antarctica flows north to
mix with warmer water from the tropics, and its upwellings help to cool both the
surface water and our atmosphere. Yet the fragility of this regulating system is now
threatened by human activity."
From "Captain Cousteau," Audubon (May 1990):17.
(1).According to Jacques Cousteau, the activity of people in Antarctica is
jeopardizing a delicate natural mechanism that controls the earth's climate. He
fears that human activity could interfere with the balance between the sun,
the source of the earth's heat, and the important source of cold from Antarctic
waters that flow north and cool the oceans and atmosphere ("Captain
Cousteau" 17).
(2). The twenties were the years when drinking was against the law, and the
law was a bad joke because everyone knew of a local bar where liquor could be
had. They were the years when organized crime ruled the cities, and the police
seemed powerless to do anything against it. Classical music was forgotten while
jazz spread throughout the land, and men like Bix Beiderbecke, Louis Armstrong,
and Count Basie became the heroes of the young. The flapper was born in the
twenties, and with her bobbed hair and short skirts, she symbolized, perhaps more
than anyone or anything else, America's break with the past.
From Kathleen Yancey, English 102 Supplemental Guide (1989): 25.
(2). During the twenties lawlessness and social nonconformity prevailed.
In cities organized crime flourished without police interference, and in spite of
nationwide prohibition of liquor sales, anyone who wished to buy a drink
knew where to get one. Musicians like Louis Armstrong become favorites,
particularly among young people, as many turned away from highly
respectable classical music to jazz. One of the best examples of the
anti-traditional trend was the proliferation of young "flappers," women who
rebelled against custom by cutting off their hair and shortening their skirts
(Yancey 25).
(3) Of the more than 1000 bicycling deaths each year, three-fourths are caused
by head injuries. Half of those killed are school-age children. One study concluded
that wearing a bike helmet can reduce the risk of head injury by 85 percent. In an
accident, a bike helmet absorbs the shock and cushions the head.
From "Bike Helmets: Unused Lifesavers," Consumer Reports (May 1990): 348.
(3). The use of a helmet is the key to reducing bicycling fatalities, which
are due to head injuries 75% of the time. By cushioning the head upon impact,
a helmet can reduce accidental injury by as much as 85%, saving the lives of
hundreds of victims annually, half of whom are school children ("Bike
Helmets" 348).
(4). Matisse is the best painter ever at putting the viewer at the scene. He's the
most realistic of all modern artists, if you admit the feel of the breeze as necessary
to a landscape and the smell of oranges as essential to a still life. "The Casbah
Gate" depicts the well-known gateway Bab el Aassa, which pierces the southern
wall of the city near the sultan's palace. With scrubby coats of ivory, aqua, blue, and
rose delicately fenced by the liveliest gray outline in art history, Matisse gets the
essence of a Tangier afternoon, including the subtle presence of the bowaab, the
sentry who sits and surveys those who pass through the gate.
(4). Matisse paintings are remarkable in giving the viewer the distinct
sensory impressions of one experiencing the scene first hand. For instance,
"The Casbah Gate" takes one to the walled city of Tangier and the Bab el Aassa
gateway near the Sultan's palace, where one can imagine standing on an
afternoon, absorbing the splash of colors and the fine outlines. Even the
sentry, the bowaab vaguely eyeing those who come and go through the gate,
blends into the scene as though real (Plagens 50).
From Peter Plagens, "Bright Lights." Newsweek (26 March 1990): 50.
(5). While the Sears Tower is arguably the greatest achievement in skyscraper
engineering so far, it's unlikely that architects and engineers have abandoned the
quest for the world's tallest building. The question is: Just how high can a building
go? Structural engineer William LeMessurier has designed a skyscraper nearly
one-half mile high, twice as tall as the Sears Tower. And architect Robert Sobel
claims that existing technology could produce a 500-story building.
From Ron Bachman, "Reaching for the Sky." Dial (May 1990): 15.
(5). How much higher skyscrapers of the future will rise than the present
world marvel, the Sears Tower, is unknown. However, the design of one twice
as tall is already on the boards, and an architect, Robert Sobel, thinks we
currently have sufficient know-how to build a skyscraper with over 500 stories
(Bachman 15).
2024年4月2日发(作者：訾鹏程)
[Original Source] (A totalitarian) society…can never permit either the truthful
recording of facts, or the emotional sincerity, that literary creation
demands….Totalitarianism demands… the continuous alteration of the past,
and in the long run…a disbelief in the very existence of objective truth.
(written by George Orwell)
[Version C] Orwell believed that totalitarian societies must suppress literature
and free expression because they cannot survive the truth, and thus they claim
it does not exist.
(1) Deep waters that were once off limits to oil explores are suddenly
accessible, partly because of advances in floating rigs.
Deep water exploring oil had once been impossible before, but now it
becomes practicable in part because the floating rigs have developed much.
(2) A liver cell has a different job from a blood cell and proteins to match.
肝细胞与血液细胞分工不同，而且与之匹配的蛋白质也不同。
A liver cell plays a different role compared with a blood cell and the
proteins inside a liver cell are different from those inside a blood cell.
(3) This suggests that there is a great deal of plasticity in the growing embryo
that still allows it to develop successfully even when a significant proportion of its
genes are malfunctioning. 这表明胚胎在生长发育过程中有较大的可塑性，即使大部分
基因发生突变，仍能成功发育。
It can be concluded from the cloning studies that the growing embryo
bears a lot of plasticity which enables it to develop successfully even under the
condition that there are a great proportion of malfunctioning genes.
III. Directions: Write a paraphrase of each of the following passages. Try
not to look back at the original passage.
(1). "The Antarctic is the vast source of cold on our planet, just as the sun is the
source of our heat, and it exerts tremendous control on our climate," [Jacques]
Cousteau told the camera. "The cold ocean water around Antarctica flows north to
mix with warmer water from the tropics, and its upwellings help to cool both the
surface water and our atmosphere. Yet the fragility of this regulating system is now
threatened by human activity."
From "Captain Cousteau," Audubon (May 1990):17.
(1).According to Jacques Cousteau, the activity of people in Antarctica is
jeopardizing a delicate natural mechanism that controls the earth's climate. He
fears that human activity could interfere with the balance between the sun,
the source of the earth's heat, and the important source of cold from Antarctic
waters that flow north and cool the oceans and atmosphere ("Captain
Cousteau" 17).
(2). The twenties were the years when drinking was against the law, and the
law was a bad joke because everyone knew of a local bar where liquor could be
had. They were the years when organized crime ruled the cities, and the police
seemed powerless to do anything against it. Classical music was forgotten while
jazz spread throughout the land, and men like Bix Beiderbecke, Louis Armstrong,
and Count Basie became the heroes of the young. The flapper was born in the
twenties, and with her bobbed hair and short skirts, she symbolized, perhaps more
than anyone or anything else, America's break with the past.
From Kathleen Yancey, English 102 Supplemental Guide (1989): 25.
(2). During the twenties lawlessness and social nonconformity prevailed.
In cities organized crime flourished without police interference, and in spite of
nationwide prohibition of liquor sales, anyone who wished to buy a drink
knew where to get one. Musicians like Louis Armstrong become favorites,
particularly among young people, as many turned away from highly
respectable classical music to jazz. One of the best examples of the
anti-traditional trend was the proliferation of young "flappers," women who
rebelled against custom by cutting off their hair and shortening their skirts
(Yancey 25).
(3) Of the more than 1000 bicycling deaths each year, three-fourths are caused
by head injuries. Half of those killed are school-age children. One study concluded
that wearing a bike helmet can reduce the risk of head injury by 85 percent. In an
accident, a bike helmet absorbs the shock and cushions the head.
From "Bike Helmets: Unused Lifesavers," Consumer Reports (May 1990): 348.
(3). The use of a helmet is the key to reducing bicycling fatalities, which
are due to head injuries 75% of the time. By cushioning the head upon impact,
a helmet can reduce accidental injury by as much as 85%, saving the lives of
hundreds of victims annually, half of whom are school children ("Bike
Helmets" 348).
(4). Matisse is the best painter ever at putting the viewer at the scene. He's the
most realistic of all modern artists, if you admit the feel of the breeze as necessary
to a landscape and the smell of oranges as essential to a still life. "The Casbah
Gate" depicts the well-known gateway Bab el Aassa, which pierces the southern
wall of the city near the sultan's palace. With scrubby coats of ivory, aqua, blue, and
rose delicately fenced by the liveliest gray outline in art history, Matisse gets the
essence of a Tangier afternoon, including the subtle presence of the bowaab, the
sentry who sits and surveys those who pass through the gate.
(4). Matisse paintings are remarkable in giving the viewer the distinct
sensory impressions of one experiencing the scene first hand. For instance,
"The Casbah Gate" takes one to the walled city of Tangier and the Bab el Aassa
gateway near the Sultan's palace, where one can imagine standing on an
afternoon, absorbing the splash of colors and the fine outlines. Even the
sentry, the bowaab vaguely eyeing those who come and go through the gate,
blends into the scene as though real (Plagens 50).
From Peter Plagens, "Bright Lights." Newsweek (26 March 1990): 50.
(5). While the Sears Tower is arguably the greatest achievement in skyscraper
engineering so far, it's unlikely that architects and engineers have abandoned the
quest for the world's tallest building. The question is: Just how high can a building
go? Structural engineer William LeMessurier has designed a skyscraper nearly
one-half mile high, twice as tall as the Sears Tower. And architect Robert Sobel
claims that existing technology could produce a 500-story building.
From Ron Bachman, "Reaching for the Sky." Dial (May 1990): 15.
(5). How much higher skyscrapers of the future will rise than the present
world marvel, the Sears Tower, is unknown. However, the design of one twice
as tall is already on the boards, and an architect, Robert Sobel, thinks we
currently have sufficient know-how to build a skyscraper with over 500 stories
(Bachman 15).