2024年4月15日发(作者：司空仙仪)
练习答案
（The Answers）
PART
ONE
Unit 1
Section A
Computer Basics
My Computer
I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1． Charles Babbage; Augusta Ada Byron
2． input; output
3． VLSI
4． workstations; mainframes
5． vacuum; transistors
6． instructions; software
7． digit; eight; byte
8． microminiaturization; chip
II．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and
vice versa:
1． artificial intelligence 人工智能
2． paper-tape reader 纸空阅读机
3． optical computer 光学计算机
4． neural network 神经网络
5． instruction set 指令集
6． parallel processing 平行处理
7． difference engine 差分机
8． versatile logical element 通用逻辑器件
9． silicon substrate 硅基
10．
11．
12．
13．
14．
vacuum tube 真空管（电子管）
the storage and handling of data 数据的存储与处理
very large-scale integrated circuit 超大规模集成电路
central processing unit 中央处理器
personal computer 个人计算机
1
15．
16．
17．
18．
19．
20．
analogue computer 模拟计算机
digital computer 数字计算机
general-purpose computer 通用计算机
processor chip 处理器芯片
operating instructions 操作指令
input device 输入设备
III．Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following
list, making changes if necessary:
We can define a computer as a device that accepts input, processes data, stores
data, and produces output. According to the mode of processing, computers are either
analog or digital. They can be classified as mainframes, minicomputers, workstations,
or microcomputers. All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this
categorization provides some indication of the computer’s speed, size, cost, and
abilities.
Ever since the advent of computers, there have been constant changes.
First-generation computers of historic significance, such as UNIVAC, introduced in the
early 1950s, were based on vacuum tubes. Second-generation computers, appearing
in the early 1960s, were those in which transistors replaced vacuum tubes. In
third-generation computers, dating from the 1960s, integrated circuits replaced
transistors. In fourth-generation computers such as microcomputers, which first
appeared in the mid-1970s, large-scale integration enabled thousands of circuits to be
incorporated on one chip. Fifth-generation computers are expected to combine
very-large-scale integration with sophisticated approaches to computing, including
artificial intelligence and true distributed processing.
IV．Translate the following passage from English into Chinese.
A computer system includes a computer, peripheral（外围的）devices, and software.
The electric, electronic, and mechanical devices used for processing data are referred
to as hardware. In addition to the computer itself, the term “hardware” refers to
components called peripheral devices that expand the computer’s input, output, and
storage capabilities. Computer hardware in and of itself does not provide a particularly
useful mind tool. To be useful, a computer requires a set of instructions, called
software or a computer program, which tells the computer how to perform a particular
task. Computers become even more effective when connected to other computers in a
network so users can share information.
2
2024年4月15日发(作者：司空仙仪)
练习答案
（The Answers）
PART
ONE
Unit 1
Section A
Computer Basics
My Computer
I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1． Charles Babbage; Augusta Ada Byron
2． input; output
3． VLSI
4． workstations; mainframes
5． vacuum; transistors
6． instructions; software
7． digit; eight; byte
8． microminiaturization; chip
II．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and
vice versa:
1． artificial intelligence 人工智能
2． paper-tape reader 纸空阅读机
3． optical computer 光学计算机
4． neural network 神经网络
5． instruction set 指令集
6． parallel processing 平行处理
7． difference engine 差分机
8． versatile logical element 通用逻辑器件
9． silicon substrate 硅基
10．
11．
12．
13．
14．
vacuum tube 真空管（电子管）
the storage and handling of data 数据的存储与处理
very large-scale integrated circuit 超大规模集成电路
central processing unit 中央处理器
personal computer 个人计算机
1
15．
16．
17．
18．
19．
20．
analogue computer 模拟计算机
digital computer 数字计算机
general-purpose computer 通用计算机
processor chip 处理器芯片
operating instructions 操作指令
input device 输入设备
III．Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following
list, making changes if necessary:
We can define a computer as a device that accepts input, processes data, stores
data, and produces output. According to the mode of processing, computers are either
analog or digital. They can be classified as mainframes, minicomputers, workstations,
or microcomputers. All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this
categorization provides some indication of the computer’s speed, size, cost, and
abilities.
Ever since the advent of computers, there have been constant changes.
First-generation computers of historic significance, such as UNIVAC, introduced in the
early 1950s, were based on vacuum tubes. Second-generation computers, appearing
in the early 1960s, were those in which transistors replaced vacuum tubes. In
third-generation computers, dating from the 1960s, integrated circuits replaced
transistors. In fourth-generation computers such as microcomputers, which first
appeared in the mid-1970s, large-scale integration enabled thousands of circuits to be
incorporated on one chip. Fifth-generation computers are expected to combine
very-large-scale integration with sophisticated approaches to computing, including
artificial intelligence and true distributed processing.
IV．Translate the following passage from English into Chinese.
A computer system includes a computer, peripheral（外围的）devices, and software.
The electric, electronic, and mechanical devices used for processing data are referred
to as hardware. In addition to the computer itself, the term “hardware” refers to
components called peripheral devices that expand the computer’s input, output, and
storage capabilities. Computer hardware in and of itself does not provide a particularly
useful mind tool. To be useful, a computer requires a set of instructions, called
software or a computer program, which tells the computer how to perform a particular
task. Computers become even more effective when connected to other computers in a
network so users can share information.
2