2024年4月23日发(作者：瑞拔)
Chapter 1 The Population
I 2 populous 3 race 4 origin 5 geographical distPrelistening
B 1 census ribution
6 made up of 7 comprises 8 relatively progressively
9 Metropolitan densely 10 decreased death rate
11 birth rate increasing 12 life expectancy
D 1 a 18.5 mill b 80% c 1/2 d 13.4 mill e 2: 10
f 4% g 1990 h 40% i 3/4 j 33.1%
2 a 3 b 1 c 2 d 5 e 4
II First Listening
ST1 population by race and origin
ST2 geographical distribution
ST3 age and sex
III Postlistening
A 1. People’s Republic of China, India
2. 281 mill
1
3. Hispanics(12.5%)
4. Texas
5. the South and the West
6. 20%
7. by more than 5 million
8. about 6 years
9. 2.2 years
10. a decreasing birth rate and an increasing life expectancy
Chapter 2: Immigration: Past and Present
PRELISTENING
B. Vocabulary and Key Concepts
immigrated
natural disasters/ droughts/ famines
persecution
settlers/ colonists
stages
widespread unemployment
scarcity
expanding/ citizens
failure
decrease
2
limited
quotas
steadily
trend
skills/ unskilled
D Notetaking Preparation
Dates: Teens and Tens
1850
1951
The 1840s
From 1890 to 1930
Between 1750 and 1850
1776
1882
1329
1860
From approximately 1830 to 1930
Language Conventions: Countries and Nationalities
Country
France
Germany
3
People
French
Germans
Scotland; Ireland
Great Britain
Denmark
Norway
Sweden
Greece
Italy
Spain
Portugal
China
Philippines
Mexico
India
Russia
Poland
Scotch-Irish
Britons: the British
Danes
Norwegians
Swedes
Greeks
Italian
Spanish
Portuguese
Chinese
Filipinos
Mexicans
Indians
Russians
Poles
The Scandinavian countries are Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. The
Southern European countries are Italy, Greece, Spain, and Portugal.
The Eastern European countries are Russia and Poland.
LISTENING
First Listening
4
Major Subtopics
ST1 the Great Immigration
ST2 reasons for the Great Immigration and why it ended
ST3 immigration situation in the United States today
POSTLISTENING
A. Accuracy Check
colonists or settlers
Dutch, French, German, Scotch-Irish, Blacks
The third, 1890-1930
Southern Europe and Eastern Europe
The population doubled, there was widespread unemployment, and
there was a scarcity of farmland
free land, plentiful jobs, and freedom from religious and political
persecution
the failure of the potato crop in Ireland
laws limiting immigration from certain area, the Great Depression,
and World War Ⅱ
They are largely non-European.
Industry doesn’t need a large number of unskilled workers。
5
Chapter 3 American Trademarks
I B 1 statistics
2 goods producing / service
3 stricter / illegal
4 per capita
5 benefits / health insurance
6 wages / workweek
7 romanticize
8 study / productive
9 rising / opposite
10 outproduce
11 stressed
12 matched
13 stagnated
14 CEOs / profits
15 unions / favor
D a 2 b 1 c 3 d 4
Ⅱ A ST1 a historical look at work in America
ST2 how U.S. workers are doing today
6
Ⅲ A 1 38%
2 3%
3 service industries
4 19% in 1900; 60% in 1999
5 ＄4,200 in 1900; ＄33,700 in 1999
6 health insurance
7 U.S. workers
8 They are less stressed (more vacation weeks)
9 No
10 to CEOs, the stock market, and corporate profits
Chapter 4 Family in the United States
Ⅰ.PRELISTENING
lary and Key Concepts
egrating
ic role
/drastically
ive barometer
inant configuration
ment/reverence
7
mity/gender
/liberation
-fulfillment
ting couples
d/quadruppled
e/initial
e/individualism
le/on-site
e/allowances
king Preparation
ical Cues
a.2
b.5
c.3
d.1
e.4
Ⅱ. LISTENING
Major Subtopics
ST1 traditional familism: mid-1940s to mid-1960s
ST2 period of individualism: mid-1960s to mid-1980s
8
ST3 the new familism: mid-1980s to present
Ⅲ. POSTLISTENING
Accuracy Check
No, they aren’t.
declining birth rates, rising divorce rates, discontent of women with
domestic role
a married couple with children
It’s closer to self-reliance.
sexual revolution, women’s liberation., and the movement against the
Vietnam War
the idealization of career and the drive for self-expression and
self-fulfillment
Single-parent families tripled; cohabiting couples quadrupled.
in the second period
commitment to family, equality of men and women, fulfillment
quality day care, parental leave, family allowances
Chapter 5 Religion
Ⅰ. PRELISTENING
B. Vocabulary and Key Concepts
1. mandatory
9
2. surve/Protestant
3. modernized
4. values
5. guaranteed
6. establishes
7. underestimated
8. role/played
9. decline/revival
10. conservative
11. controversial/politicized
12. phenomenon
r/authoritarian
D. Notetaking Preparation
1. Commonly Used Symbols and Abbreviations
1. pop. of China＞India＞U.S.
2. death rt. ＋ birth rt. → bin pop.
3. pop. in U.S. c.281mill.
4. some people imm. to U.S.∵ nat. disaster, e.g., droughts, famines
5. situation diff today ∴ people from Latin Am.+ Asia imm to
U.S. >from Europe
6. After WWⅡ, most Am. Families still trad., i.e., w/ working father,
housewife, & children
10
7. Today many child. Raised w/o father in home
Rhetorical Cues
2
4
1
3
5
Ⅱ. LISTENING
First Listening
Major Subtopics
ST1 facts and figures
ST2 United States compared to other modernized nations
ST3 increasing role of religion in U.S. politics particularly in recent
years
Ⅲ. POSTLISTENING
Accuracy Check
The media, e.g., television and movies, usually ignore this part of
American culture
Protestants, 52%, Catholics, 24%
Immigrants to America came from many different countries and
religious backgrounds.
the United States, 60%; Italy, 7%; France, 4%
11
freedom of worship (religion)
that church and state must be kept separate
conservative
the “rise of the religious right”
abortion and prayer in public schools
more secular
Chapter 6 Passages: Birth Marriage and Death
Ⅰ. PRELISTENING
B. Vocabulary and Key Concepts
1. bewildering / ingrained
2. shower/ expectant
3. mother- to –be / pretext
4. expressions of envy / reassured
5. unheard of
6. banished / delivery
7. baptism
8. observed / fiancées
9. empowered / civil
10. bride / groom / superstitious
11. banned / hazardous
12. cremated
12
13. memorial / wake
14. eulogy / deceased
15. condolences / bereaved
Ⅲ. POSTLISTENING
A. Accuracy Check
1. shortly before the baby is due
2. (1) baby showers not always a surprise, and (2) men sometimes
attend
3. baptism
4. the bride’s family
5. a religious ceremony
6. something old, something new, something borrowed, and
something blue
7. the groom
8. in case of cremation
9. a sympathy card and flowers
10. white
Unit 7 Multiculturalism
13
Prelistening
B.
cally/homogeneous
/impact
g/metaphor
/myth
ed/discrimination
/prejudice
/autonomous
arriage/adoption
d/exception
t/absorb
lation/generation
ntation/proponents
nt/reflects
nts/Latinos
D.
2. a. however; on the other hand
b. In fact;
c. For instance
d. however; nevertheless
14
e. Rather; Instead
f. On the other hand; However; Nevertheless
g. furthermore; also
Listening
A
Major subtopics
ST1 the monoculturalist view
ST2 the multicultualist view
ST3 the pluralistic view
Accuracy check
No
harder
the monoculturalist view
African, Asian,and Native Americans as well as each newly arrived
group
the patchwork quilt
No
17%
We inherit, absorb, and choose it
fragmentation or destruction of e
15
open to change
Chapter8 Crime and Violence in the United States
1 Prelistening
B Vocabulary and key concepts
1. violent/aggravated
2. enforcement/stringent
3. white-collar/embezzlement
4. aggressive/predisposed to
5 .to blame/shortcomings
6. root/proliferation
7. deprived of/strike out
8. underclass/disproportionatedly
9. curbs/socializing
10. values/compassion
11. conscience/bring up
12. punishment/deterrent
13. financiers/lacking
14. takes over/leads to
15. benefits/take for granted
16
D Notetaking Preparation
1 Structuring
a Crime statistics match public’s perception of less crime
b Three secondary support ideas
1 1994-2001:violent crime decreased 52%
2 possible reasons for decrease
3 statistics on white-collar crime(embezzlement, bribery, etc.)not as
clear
c Two details for each point
1. 1994:51 victims per 1000/in 2001, 24 victims per 1000
er law enforcement in cities/ stringent penalties on repeat
offenders
3 statistics hard to get and/ It doesn’t scare people
2 Rhetorical cues
A 2 b5 c1 d6 e3 f4
@ Listening
A first listening
Major subtopics
ST1 liberal theory of crime
ST2conservative theory of crime
17
ST3 some solutions to the crime problem in the U.S
@Postlistening
A Accuracy Check
1 52%
2 embezzlement, bribery, political corruption, and/or dangerous
corporate policies
3 racism, poverty, and injustice
4No
5 the liberal theory
6 by giving them values, a conscience
7 socialization by the family and fear of punishment
8 They’ve enjoyed the benefits of society
9 good education, health care, and employment
10 conservative
Unit 9 Public Education: Philosophy and Funding
I PRELISTENING
B Vovabulary and Key Concepts
1 compulsory
18
2 secular
3 curriculum/standdardized
4 funds/handicapped
5 exercised locally
6 elected
7 fluctuates
8 a great degree
9 controversial
10 nonsectarian/compete
11 contract/accountable
12 supporters
13 opponents/violates
14 bill/ “adequate yearly progress”
D Notetaking Preparation
1 Structuring: Outlining
ST1 Three levels of control
A State department of education
1 sets basic curriculum
2 sets number of credits
B School district
1 Numbers depend on size of population and state
19
2 Responsibilities
aSpecific content of courses
B Decides electives
C Operation of schools
C Individual school
1 Teaches’responsilities
A Dediding how to teach
B Preparing and giving examinations
2 Rhetorical Cues
A1
B5
C4
D2
E6
F3
II LISTENING
A First Listening
20
Major Subtopics
ST1 three levels of control
ST2 how funding contributes to local control
ST3 three issues related to funding
III POSTLISTENING
A Accuracy Check
1 no nationwide curriculum set by the government, no nationwide
examination set by the government
2 state department of education, the school districts ,individual schools
3 basic curriculm requirements/a number of credits
4 they are elected by the citizens of a school district.
5 federal government-7%， stategovernment-49%,local school
district-44%
6 religious organizations
7 nineteenth century
8 charter schools
9 private schools(usually religious schools)
10 as a dangerous step away from local control of schools
Chapter10
21
I Prelistening
B. Vocabulary and Key Concepts
Postsecondary/community/coeducational
accredited/standards
prestigious/competitive
transcript/standardized
extracurricular/ethnic background
were enrolled
break down/proportions
upgrade/skills
well versed/well informed
lenient/transfer
D. 1. ST3 Community colleges differ from four-year colleges.
A. Admissions requirements are much more lenient.
1. Enough to graduate from high school
B. Cheaper to attend
1. Tuition and fees are lower
2. Most students live at home
C. Two-year programs
1. Lead to A.A. degree
2. Many programs vocational but not all
22
Conclusion: Different purpose—some part-time for interest, others
full-time prior to transfer
II. Listening
ST1. facts and figures
ST2. admissions requirements vary greatly
ST3. community colleges differ from four-year colleges
ST4. makeup of student body
III. Postlistening
A. Accuracy Check
4,182
from less than 100 to more than 50,000
from less than $5,000 to as much as 30 or 40 thousand dollars
high school transcripts of grades and test results from a standardized
exam such as the SAT
GRE, GMAT, and/or LSAT
extracurricular activities, ethnic background, and/or work experience
yes
Associate of Arts
65.2%
42.6%
23
Chapter 11 Distance Education
TENING
B. Vocabulary and Key Concepts
1. setting foot
2. instruction/separated
3. correspondence
4. accredited/community
5. upgrade/continuous
6. budget crunches
7. access/technology
8. modes/vary
9. via mail/download
10. residency
11. dropout/traditional
12. unscrupulous/alluring
13. credentials
D. Notetaking Preparation
1. Deciphering Notes
1. No, many distance education
24
programs have residency
requirements.
2. No, admission requirements are the same as for on-campus
programs.
3. Three examples of computer requirements that online study might
require are the latest version of Windows, a microphone and a
modem.(Answers may vary. )
4. Students are more likely to complete traditional programs than
distance education programs. (Dropout rate is higher for distance
education.)
ical Cues
a.2 b.5 c.1 d.6 e.3 f.4
ING
First Listening
Major Subtopics
ST1 reasons why distance education is growing so rapidly
ST2 how distance education works, that is, what the modes of
delivery are
ST3 some things people considering distance education need to be
aware of
TENING
Accuracy check
by time and by distance
25
by correspondence(by mail)
1892
90%
at the same time
(Answers may vary.)
No(There are time limits)
No(There are about the same)
cable modem, DSL
No(The dropout rate is higher for distance courses and programs.)
Unit 12 The Role of Government in the Economy
TENING
lary and Key Concepts
hip/property
enterprise
ere/laissez-faire
cts/national defense
l/comply with
/public assistance/welfare
itive/antitrust/monopoly
26
ity
on/inflation
oyment/balance
itures/interest
vative/favor
/composition
D. Notetaking Preparation
ture Reading
were suspicious of strong central government.
Confederation was unable to solve many problems facing
the new nation and needed a stronger central government.
. In a laissez-faire economy, the government does not interfere
with the economy.
government imposed an income tax for the first time. After the
Civil War, the government had money for internal improvements to
the country.
government usually took the side of big business.
provided employment for large numbers of unemployed people and
welfare for others, and instituted the Security system.
2. Rhetorical Cues
a.4 b.5 c.1 d.7 e.2 f.6 g.3
II. Listening
27
First Listening
Major Subtopics
ST1 to protect the environment
ST2 to help people
ST3 to keep the marketplace competitive
ST4 to maintain economic stability
STENING
Accuracy Check
songs,poems,books,inventions
The freedom to produce, buy, and sell goods and labor without
government intervention.
laws governing contracts and property rights; national defense; and
providing sunch things as roads and canals.
greater
to protect it
They are too young, old, or sick
a good thing
the telephone company [AT&T]
taxation,expenditure,and controlling the interest rate on money it
lends to businesses
It raises it
28
Unit 13 Government by Constitution
TENING
B. Vocabulary and Key Concepts (Script)
on/checks/balances
es/legislative/judicial
ng/enforced
d of breaking/legal dispute
/consistent with
/abuse
of veto
de/put an end to
ted/resigned
titutional/legal
rights/racial discrimination
egation
tes a candidate/approve
e of power
D. Notetaking Preparation
ture Reading
al review is the power of the judicial branch of government to
29
examine and determine the constitutionality of laws passed by the
legislative branch.
, it is not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution. The Supreme
Court interpreted the Constitution to mean that it had this power in a
famous case, Marbury n, in 1803.
c. Britain
d. They exercise it less frequently. Although both countries have
provisions for judicial review, they are reluctant to use it.
ING
First Listening
Model Organization
There branches of government
Principles of the Constitution
Division of powers
Checks and balances
1.(exanples)
2.(etc.)
STENING
Accuracy Check
It’s the oldest constitution that has been in continuous use. [It has
been in continuous use for over 200 years.]
executive,legislative, and judicial
30
to see that laws enacted by Congress are carried out [executed]
the president
Each branch fo the government has a way to check,or control,one of
the other branches of government.
If the president vetoes a law, he refuses to sign it.
He usually has put an end to the law
by investigating what it considers to be possible illegal activities of the
executive branch
He might have been removed from office.
Although the president nominates candidates to the Supreme Court,
Congress must approve his selections.
Chapter14 Common Law and the Jury System
I PRELISTENING
B. vocabulary and key concepts
1 guilty/unjustly
2 innocent until proven guilty
3 code of laws
4 common law/precedents
5 testimony/verdict
6 private parties
31
7 compensatory/punitive damages
8 “beyond a reasonable doubt”
9 convicted
10 irrelevant/evidence/admissible
11 hung
12 pleads guilty/lesser crime
D Notetaking preparation
1 prelecture reading
A no
B Mary Beth Whitehead-Gould
C 2
D no
E Because of the nature of the law, courts will be obligated to
base future decisions on decisions made in this case.
2 courtroom language
A court reporter
B judge
C witness
D jury
E bailiff
F defendant
G plaintiff/prosecutor
32
H courtroom clerk
III POSTLISTENING
A accuracy check
1 innocent until proven guilty
2 British common law
3 6-12
4 a jury
5 civil
6 criminal
7 to see that the trial is conducted according to law
8 to decide whether they believe the testimony they hear and
whether the evidence presented to them is valid
9 about 80﹪
10 because it’s difficult to prove people are guilty and because trails
are so expensive to conduct.
33
2024年4月23日发(作者：瑞拔)
Chapter 1 The Population
I 2 populous 3 race 4 origin 5 geographical distPrelistening
B 1 census ribution
6 made up of 7 comprises 8 relatively progressively
9 Metropolitan densely 10 decreased death rate
11 birth rate increasing 12 life expectancy
D 1 a 18.5 mill b 80% c 1/2 d 13.4 mill e 2: 10
f 4% g 1990 h 40% i 3/4 j 33.1%
2 a 3 b 1 c 2 d 5 e 4
II First Listening
ST1 population by race and origin
ST2 geographical distribution
ST3 age and sex
III Postlistening
A 1. People’s Republic of China, India
2. 281 mill
1
3. Hispanics(12.5%)
4. Texas
5. the South and the West
6. 20%
7. by more than 5 million
8. about 6 years
9. 2.2 years
10. a decreasing birth rate and an increasing life expectancy
Chapter 2: Immigration: Past and Present
PRELISTENING
B. Vocabulary and Key Concepts
immigrated
natural disasters/ droughts/ famines
persecution
settlers/ colonists
stages
widespread unemployment
scarcity
expanding/ citizens
failure
decrease
2
limited
quotas
steadily
trend
skills/ unskilled
D Notetaking Preparation
Dates: Teens and Tens
1850
1951
The 1840s
From 1890 to 1930
Between 1750 and 1850
1776
1882
1329
1860
From approximately 1830 to 1930
Language Conventions: Countries and Nationalities
Country
France
Germany
3
People
French
Germans
Scotland; Ireland
Great Britain
Denmark
Norway
Sweden
Greece
Italy
Spain
Portugal
China
Philippines
Mexico
India
Russia
Poland
Scotch-Irish
Britons: the British
Danes
Norwegians
Swedes
Greeks
Italian
Spanish
Portuguese
Chinese
Filipinos
Mexicans
Indians
Russians
Poles
The Scandinavian countries are Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. The
Southern European countries are Italy, Greece, Spain, and Portugal.
The Eastern European countries are Russia and Poland.
LISTENING
First Listening
4
Major Subtopics
ST1 the Great Immigration
ST2 reasons for the Great Immigration and why it ended
ST3 immigration situation in the United States today
POSTLISTENING
A. Accuracy Check
colonists or settlers
Dutch, French, German, Scotch-Irish, Blacks
The third, 1890-1930
Southern Europe and Eastern Europe
The population doubled, there was widespread unemployment, and
there was a scarcity of farmland
free land, plentiful jobs, and freedom from religious and political
persecution
the failure of the potato crop in Ireland
laws limiting immigration from certain area, the Great Depression,
and World War Ⅱ
They are largely non-European.
Industry doesn’t need a large number of unskilled workers。
5
Chapter 3 American Trademarks
I B 1 statistics
2 goods producing / service
3 stricter / illegal
4 per capita
5 benefits / health insurance
6 wages / workweek
7 romanticize
8 study / productive
9 rising / opposite
10 outproduce
11 stressed
12 matched
13 stagnated
14 CEOs / profits
15 unions / favor
D a 2 b 1 c 3 d 4
Ⅱ A ST1 a historical look at work in America
ST2 how U.S. workers are doing today
6
Ⅲ A 1 38%
2 3%
3 service industries
4 19% in 1900; 60% in 1999
5 ＄4,200 in 1900; ＄33,700 in 1999
6 health insurance
7 U.S. workers
8 They are less stressed (more vacation weeks)
9 No
10 to CEOs, the stock market, and corporate profits
Chapter 4 Family in the United States
Ⅰ.PRELISTENING
lary and Key Concepts
egrating
ic role
/drastically
ive barometer
inant configuration
ment/reverence
7
mity/gender
/liberation
-fulfillment
ting couples
d/quadruppled
e/initial
e/individualism
le/on-site
e/allowances
king Preparation
ical Cues
a.2
b.5
c.3
d.1
e.4
Ⅱ. LISTENING
Major Subtopics
ST1 traditional familism: mid-1940s to mid-1960s
ST2 period of individualism: mid-1960s to mid-1980s
8
ST3 the new familism: mid-1980s to present
Ⅲ. POSTLISTENING
Accuracy Check
No, they aren’t.
declining birth rates, rising divorce rates, discontent of women with
domestic role
a married couple with children
It’s closer to self-reliance.
sexual revolution, women’s liberation., and the movement against the
Vietnam War
the idealization of career and the drive for self-expression and
self-fulfillment
Single-parent families tripled; cohabiting couples quadrupled.
in the second period
commitment to family, equality of men and women, fulfillment
quality day care, parental leave, family allowances
Chapter 5 Religion
Ⅰ. PRELISTENING
B. Vocabulary and Key Concepts
1. mandatory
9
2. surve/Protestant
3. modernized
4. values
5. guaranteed
6. establishes
7. underestimated
8. role/played
9. decline/revival
10. conservative
11. controversial/politicized
12. phenomenon
r/authoritarian
D. Notetaking Preparation
1. Commonly Used Symbols and Abbreviations
1. pop. of China＞India＞U.S.
2. death rt. ＋ birth rt. → bin pop.
3. pop. in U.S. c.281mill.
4. some people imm. to U.S.∵ nat. disaster, e.g., droughts, famines
5. situation diff today ∴ people from Latin Am.+ Asia imm to
U.S. >from Europe
6. After WWⅡ, most Am. Families still trad., i.e., w/ working father,
housewife, & children
10
7. Today many child. Raised w/o father in home
Rhetorical Cues
2
4
1
3
5
Ⅱ. LISTENING
First Listening
Major Subtopics
ST1 facts and figures
ST2 United States compared to other modernized nations
ST3 increasing role of religion in U.S. politics particularly in recent
years
Ⅲ. POSTLISTENING
Accuracy Check
The media, e.g., television and movies, usually ignore this part of
American culture
Protestants, 52%, Catholics, 24%
Immigrants to America came from many different countries and
religious backgrounds.
the United States, 60%; Italy, 7%; France, 4%
11
freedom of worship (religion)
that church and state must be kept separate
conservative
the “rise of the religious right”
abortion and prayer in public schools
more secular
Chapter 6 Passages: Birth Marriage and Death
Ⅰ. PRELISTENING
B. Vocabulary and Key Concepts
1. bewildering / ingrained
2. shower/ expectant
3. mother- to –be / pretext
4. expressions of envy / reassured
5. unheard of
6. banished / delivery
7. baptism
8. observed / fiancées
9. empowered / civil
10. bride / groom / superstitious
11. banned / hazardous
12. cremated
12
13. memorial / wake
14. eulogy / deceased
15. condolences / bereaved
Ⅲ. POSTLISTENING
A. Accuracy Check
1. shortly before the baby is due
2. (1) baby showers not always a surprise, and (2) men sometimes
attend
3. baptism
4. the bride’s family
5. a religious ceremony
6. something old, something new, something borrowed, and
something blue
7. the groom
8. in case of cremation
9. a sympathy card and flowers
10. white
Unit 7 Multiculturalism
13
Prelistening
B.
cally/homogeneous
/impact
g/metaphor
/myth
ed/discrimination
/prejudice
/autonomous
arriage/adoption
d/exception
t/absorb
lation/generation
ntation/proponents
nt/reflects
nts/Latinos
D.
2. a. however; on the other hand
b. In fact;
c. For instance
d. however; nevertheless
14
e. Rather; Instead
f. On the other hand; However; Nevertheless
g. furthermore; also
Listening
A
Major subtopics
ST1 the monoculturalist view
ST2 the multicultualist view
ST3 the pluralistic view
Accuracy check
No
harder
the monoculturalist view
African, Asian,and Native Americans as well as each newly arrived
group
the patchwork quilt
No
17%
We inherit, absorb, and choose it
fragmentation or destruction of e
15
open to change
Chapter8 Crime and Violence in the United States
1 Prelistening
B Vocabulary and key concepts
1. violent/aggravated
2. enforcement/stringent
3. white-collar/embezzlement
4. aggressive/predisposed to
5 .to blame/shortcomings
6. root/proliferation
7. deprived of/strike out
8. underclass/disproportionatedly
9. curbs/socializing
10. values/compassion
11. conscience/bring up
12. punishment/deterrent
13. financiers/lacking
14. takes over/leads to
15. benefits/take for granted
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D Notetaking Preparation
1 Structuring
a Crime statistics match public’s perception of less crime
b Three secondary support ideas
1 1994-2001:violent crime decreased 52%
2 possible reasons for decrease
3 statistics on white-collar crime(embezzlement, bribery, etc.)not as
clear
c Two details for each point
1. 1994:51 victims per 1000/in 2001, 24 victims per 1000
er law enforcement in cities/ stringent penalties on repeat
offenders
3 statistics hard to get and/ It doesn’t scare people
2 Rhetorical cues
A 2 b5 c1 d6 e3 f4
@ Listening
A first listening
Major subtopics
ST1 liberal theory of crime
ST2conservative theory of crime
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ST3 some solutions to the crime problem in the U.S
@Postlistening
A Accuracy Check
1 52%
2 embezzlement, bribery, political corruption, and/or dangerous
corporate policies
3 racism, poverty, and injustice
4No
5 the liberal theory
6 by giving them values, a conscience
7 socialization by the family and fear of punishment
8 They’ve enjoyed the benefits of society
9 good education, health care, and employment
10 conservative
Unit 9 Public Education: Philosophy and Funding
I PRELISTENING
B Vovabulary and Key Concepts
1 compulsory
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2 secular
3 curriculum/standdardized
4 funds/handicapped
5 exercised locally
6 elected
7 fluctuates
8 a great degree
9 controversial
10 nonsectarian/compete
11 contract/accountable
12 supporters
13 opponents/violates
14 bill/ “adequate yearly progress”
D Notetaking Preparation
1 Structuring: Outlining
ST1 Three levels of control
A State department of education
1 sets basic curriculum
2 sets number of credits
B School district
1 Numbers depend on size of population and state
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2 Responsibilities
aSpecific content of courses
B Decides electives
C Operation of schools
C Individual school
1 Teaches’responsilities
A Dediding how to teach
B Preparing and giving examinations
2 Rhetorical Cues
A1
B5
C4
D2
E6
F3
II LISTENING
A First Listening
20
Major Subtopics
ST1 three levels of control
ST2 how funding contributes to local control
ST3 three issues related to funding
III POSTLISTENING
A Accuracy Check
1 no nationwide curriculum set by the government, no nationwide
examination set by the government
2 state department of education, the school districts ,individual schools
3 basic curriculm requirements/a number of credits
4 they are elected by the citizens of a school district.
5 federal government-7%， stategovernment-49%,local school
district-44%
6 religious organizations
7 nineteenth century
8 charter schools
9 private schools(usually religious schools)
10 as a dangerous step away from local control of schools
Chapter10
21
I Prelistening
B. Vocabulary and Key Concepts
Postsecondary/community/coeducational
accredited/standards
prestigious/competitive
transcript/standardized
extracurricular/ethnic background
were enrolled
break down/proportions
upgrade/skills
well versed/well informed
lenient/transfer
D. 1. ST3 Community colleges differ from four-year colleges.
A. Admissions requirements are much more lenient.
1. Enough to graduate from high school
B. Cheaper to attend
1. Tuition and fees are lower
2. Most students live at home
C. Two-year programs
1. Lead to A.A. degree
2. Many programs vocational but not all
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Conclusion: Different purpose—some part-time for interest, others
full-time prior to transfer
II. Listening
ST1. facts and figures
ST2. admissions requirements vary greatly
ST3. community colleges differ from four-year colleges
ST4. makeup of student body
III. Postlistening
A. Accuracy Check
4,182
from less than 100 to more than 50,000
from less than $5,000 to as much as 30 or 40 thousand dollars
high school transcripts of grades and test results from a standardized
exam such as the SAT
GRE, GMAT, and/or LSAT
extracurricular activities, ethnic background, and/or work experience
yes
Associate of Arts
65.2%
42.6%
23
Chapter 11 Distance Education
TENING
B. Vocabulary and Key Concepts
1. setting foot
2. instruction/separated
3. correspondence
4. accredited/community
5. upgrade/continuous
6. budget crunches
7. access/technology
8. modes/vary
9. via mail/download
10. residency
11. dropout/traditional
12. unscrupulous/alluring
13. credentials
D. Notetaking Preparation
1. Deciphering Notes
1. No, many distance education
24
programs have residency
requirements.
2. No, admission requirements are the same as for on-campus
programs.
3. Three examples of computer requirements that online study might
require are the latest version of Windows, a microphone and a
modem.(Answers may vary. )
4. Students are more likely to complete traditional programs than
distance education programs. (Dropout rate is higher for distance
education.)
ical Cues
a.2 b.5 c.1 d.6 e.3 f.4
ING
First Listening
Major Subtopics
ST1 reasons why distance education is growing so rapidly
ST2 how distance education works, that is, what the modes of
delivery are
ST3 some things people considering distance education need to be
aware of
TENING
Accuracy check
by time and by distance
25
by correspondence(by mail)
1892
90%
at the same time
(Answers may vary.)
No(There are time limits)
No(There are about the same)
cable modem, DSL
No(The dropout rate is higher for distance courses and programs.)
Unit 12 The Role of Government in the Economy
TENING
lary and Key Concepts
hip/property
enterprise
ere/laissez-faire
cts/national defense
l/comply with
/public assistance/welfare
itive/antitrust/monopoly
26
ity
on/inflation
oyment/balance
itures/interest
vative/favor
/composition
D. Notetaking Preparation
ture Reading
were suspicious of strong central government.
Confederation was unable to solve many problems facing
the new nation and needed a stronger central government.
. In a laissez-faire economy, the government does not interfere
with the economy.
government imposed an income tax for the first time. After the
Civil War, the government had money for internal improvements to
the country.
government usually took the side of big business.
provided employment for large numbers of unemployed people and
welfare for others, and instituted the Security system.
2. Rhetorical Cues
a.4 b.5 c.1 d.7 e.2 f.6 g.3
II. Listening
27
First Listening
Major Subtopics
ST1 to protect the environment
ST2 to help people
ST3 to keep the marketplace competitive
ST4 to maintain economic stability
STENING
Accuracy Check
songs,poems,books,inventions
The freedom to produce, buy, and sell goods and labor without
government intervention.
laws governing contracts and property rights; national defense; and
providing sunch things as roads and canals.
greater
to protect it
They are too young, old, or sick
a good thing
the telephone company [AT&T]
taxation,expenditure,and controlling the interest rate on money it
lends to businesses
It raises it
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Unit 13 Government by Constitution
TENING
B. Vocabulary and Key Concepts (Script)
on/checks/balances
es/legislative/judicial
ng/enforced
d of breaking/legal dispute
/consistent with
/abuse
of veto
de/put an end to
ted/resigned
titutional/legal
rights/racial discrimination
egation
tes a candidate/approve
e of power
D. Notetaking Preparation
ture Reading
al review is the power of the judicial branch of government to
29
examine and determine the constitutionality of laws passed by the
legislative branch.
, it is not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution. The Supreme
Court interpreted the Constitution to mean that it had this power in a
famous case, Marbury n, in 1803.
c. Britain
d. They exercise it less frequently. Although both countries have
provisions for judicial review, they are reluctant to use it.
ING
First Listening
Model Organization
There branches of government
Principles of the Constitution
Division of powers
Checks and balances
1.(exanples)
2.(etc.)
STENING
Accuracy Check
It’s the oldest constitution that has been in continuous use. [It has
been in continuous use for over 200 years.]
executive,legislative, and judicial
30
to see that laws enacted by Congress are carried out [executed]
the president
Each branch fo the government has a way to check,or control,one of
the other branches of government.
If the president vetoes a law, he refuses to sign it.
He usually has put an end to the law
by investigating what it considers to be possible illegal activities of the
executive branch
He might have been removed from office.
Although the president nominates candidates to the Supreme Court,
Congress must approve his selections.
Chapter14 Common Law and the Jury System
I PRELISTENING
B. vocabulary and key concepts
1 guilty/unjustly
2 innocent until proven guilty
3 code of laws
4 common law/precedents
5 testimony/verdict
6 private parties
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7 compensatory/punitive damages
8 “beyond a reasonable doubt”
9 convicted
10 irrelevant/evidence/admissible
11 hung
12 pleads guilty/lesser crime
D Notetaking preparation
1 prelecture reading
A no
B Mary Beth Whitehead-Gould
C 2
D no
E Because of the nature of the law, courts will be obligated to
base future decisions on decisions made in this case.
2 courtroom language
A court reporter
B judge
C witness
D jury
E bailiff
F defendant
G plaintiff/prosecutor
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H courtroom clerk
III POSTLISTENING
A accuracy check
1 innocent until proven guilty
2 British common law
3 6-12
4 a jury
5 civil
6 criminal
7 to see that the trial is conducted according to law
8 to decide whether they believe the testimony they hear and
whether the evidence presented to them is valid
9 about 80﹪
10 because it’s difficult to prove people are guilty and because trails
are so expensive to conduct.
33