2024年5月10日发(作者：侯珺琪)
2022
年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
英语
本试卷共
10
页，满分
120
分。考试用时
120
分钟。
注意事项：
1.
答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生
号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用
2B
铅笔将试卷类型
(A)
填涂在答题卡
相应位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。因笔试不考听
力，选择题从第二部分的“阅读”开始，试题序号从“
21
”开始。
2.
作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用
2B
铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的
答案信息点涂黑
;
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在
试卷上。
3.
非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指
定区域内相应位置上
;
如高改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案
;
不
准使用铅笔和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4.
考生必须保持答题卡的整洁：考试结束后，将试卷和符题卡一并交回。
第二部分
阅读
(
共两节，满分
50
分
)
第一节
(
共
15
小题：每小题
2.5
分，满分
37.5
分
)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的
A
、
B
、
C
、
D
四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay
1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Group Assignments (30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (
作业
) during the course. All the
assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and
course management system.
Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)
Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-
class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class'
lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to
time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at
home, both of which will be graded.
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it
is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments
not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence
will be accepted.
1. Where is this text probably taken from?
A. A textbook.
academic article.
2. How many parts is a student’s final grade made up of?
A. Two.
A. You will receive a zero.
C. You will be given a test.
B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
3. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?
B. You will lose a letter grade.
D. You will have to rewrite it.
B. An exam paper. C. A course plan. D. An
B
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (
芝麻菜
)was to
make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then
friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the
arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six
salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the
moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much
perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by
grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it.
That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a
country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my
refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones
of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in
Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered
more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (
有瑕疵
)
produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash,
cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in
reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or
by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.
4. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?
A. We pay little attention to food waste.
times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat.
food.
D. We have good reasons for wasting
B. We waste food unintentionally at
5. What is a consequence of food waste according to the test?
A. Moral decline.
C. Energy shortage.
6. What does Curtin’s company do?
A It produces kitchen equipment.
C. It helps local farmers grow fruits.
7. What does Curtin suggest people do?
A. Buy only what is needed.
C. Go shopping once a week.
B. Reduce food consumption.
D. Eat in restaurants less often.
B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.
B. Environmental harm.
D. Worldwide starvation.
The elderly residents (
居民
) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to
stop them feeling lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity (
慈善组织
) to reduce loneliness and improve
elderly people’s wellbeing, It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious
illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where
hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep
hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to
school. ”
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out
and down there again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.”
“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the
hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it
feels great to have done something useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and
the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the
project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are
looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the
project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
8. What is the purpose of the project?
A. To ensure harmony in care homes.
aged.
C. To raise money for medical research.
welfare.
9. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?
A. She has learned new life skills. B. She has gained a sense of
D. To promote the elderly people’s
B. To provide part-time jobs for the
C
achievement.
C. She has recovered her memory.
personality.
10. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Improve.
Evaluate.
11. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?
A. It is well received.
C. It is highly profitable.
B. It needs to be more creative.
D. It takes ages to see the results.
B. Oppose. C. Begin. D.
D. She has developed a strong
D
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to
the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common
than others? A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led
to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called
labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer
foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland,
has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned
(
对齐
), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the
upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (
结构
), making it easier to produce
such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture
in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do
as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound
of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably
during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many
hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when
human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. ”The set of speech sounds we use has not
necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of
speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological
change and cultural evolution,“ said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
12. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on?
A. Its variety.
development.
B. Its distribution. C. Its quantity. D. Its
13 Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B. They could not open and close their lips easily.
C Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
14. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A. Supporting evidence for the research results.
B. Potential application of the research findings.
C. A further explanation of the research methods.
D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.
15. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?
A. It is key to effective communication.
diversity.
beings.
C. It is a complex and dynamic system.
B. It contributes much to cultural
D. It drives the evolution of human
第二节
(
共
5
小题：每小题
2.5
分，满分
12.5
分
)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有
两项为多余选项。
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout
Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the
gym, ” while another read: “___16___” With a workout partner, you will increase your training
effort as there is a subtle (
微妙
) competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner?
First of all, decide what you want from that person. ___17___ Or do you just want to be
physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like
to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably
won’t result in a useful response. ___18___ If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must
belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what
kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to
spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided
her phone number. ___19___
You and your partner will probably have different skills. ___20___ Over time, both of you
will benefit — your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically
2024年5月10日发(作者：侯珺琪)
2022
年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
英语
本试卷共
10
页，满分
120
分。考试用时
120
分钟。
注意事项：
1.
答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生
号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用
2B
铅笔将试卷类型
(A)
填涂在答题卡
相应位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。因笔试不考听
力，选择题从第二部分的“阅读”开始，试题序号从“
21
”开始。
2.
作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用
2B
铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的
答案信息点涂黑
;
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在
试卷上。
3.
非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指
定区域内相应位置上
;
如高改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案
;
不
准使用铅笔和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4.
考生必须保持答题卡的整洁：考试结束后，将试卷和符题卡一并交回。
第二部分
阅读
(
共两节，满分
50
分
)
第一节
(
共
15
小题：每小题
2.5
分，满分
37.5
分
)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的
A
、
B
、
C
、
D
四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay
1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Group Assignments (30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (
作业
) during the course. All the
assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and
course management system.
Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)
Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-
class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class'
lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to
time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at
home, both of which will be graded.
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it
is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments
not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence
will be accepted.
1. Where is this text probably taken from?
A. A textbook.
academic article.
2. How many parts is a student’s final grade made up of?
A. Two.
A. You will receive a zero.
C. You will be given a test.
B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
3. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?
B. You will lose a letter grade.
D. You will have to rewrite it.
B. An exam paper. C. A course plan. D. An
B
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (
芝麻菜
)was to
make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then
friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the
arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six
salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the
moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much
perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by
grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it.
That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a
country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my
refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones
of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in
Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered
more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (
有瑕疵
)
produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash,
cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in
reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or
by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.
4. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?
A. We pay little attention to food waste.
times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat.
food.
D. We have good reasons for wasting
B. We waste food unintentionally at
5. What is a consequence of food waste according to the test?
A. Moral decline.
C. Energy shortage.
6. What does Curtin’s company do?
A It produces kitchen equipment.
C. It helps local farmers grow fruits.
7. What does Curtin suggest people do?
A. Buy only what is needed.
C. Go shopping once a week.
B. Reduce food consumption.
D. Eat in restaurants less often.
B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.
B. Environmental harm.
D. Worldwide starvation.
The elderly residents (
居民
) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to
stop them feeling lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity (
慈善组织
) to reduce loneliness and improve
elderly people’s wellbeing, It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious
illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where
hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep
hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to
school. ”
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out
and down there again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.”
“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the
hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it
feels great to have done something useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and
the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the
project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are
looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the
project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
8. What is the purpose of the project?
A. To ensure harmony in care homes.
aged.
C. To raise money for medical research.
welfare.
9. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?
A. She has learned new life skills. B. She has gained a sense of
D. To promote the elderly people’s
B. To provide part-time jobs for the
C
achievement.
C. She has recovered her memory.
personality.
10. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Improve.
Evaluate.
11. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?
A. It is well received.
C. It is highly profitable.
B. It needs to be more creative.
D. It takes ages to see the results.
B. Oppose. C. Begin. D.
D. She has developed a strong
D
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to
the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common
than others? A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led
to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called
labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer
foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland,
has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned
(
对齐
), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the
upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (
结构
), making it easier to produce
such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture
in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do
as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound
of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably
during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many
hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when
human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. ”The set of speech sounds we use has not
necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of
speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological
change and cultural evolution,“ said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
12. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on?
A. Its variety.
development.
B. Its distribution. C. Its quantity. D. Its
13 Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B. They could not open and close their lips easily.
C Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
14. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A. Supporting evidence for the research results.
B. Potential application of the research findings.
C. A further explanation of the research methods.
D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.
15. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?
A. It is key to effective communication.
diversity.
beings.
C. It is a complex and dynamic system.
B. It contributes much to cultural
D. It drives the evolution of human
第二节
(
共
5
小题：每小题
2.5
分，满分
12.5
分
)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有
两项为多余选项。
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout
Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the
gym, ” while another read: “___16___” With a workout partner, you will increase your training
effort as there is a subtle (
微妙
) competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner?
First of all, decide what you want from that person. ___17___ Or do you just want to be
physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like
to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably
won’t result in a useful response. ___18___ If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must
belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what
kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to
spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided
her phone number. ___19___
You and your partner will probably have different skills. ___20___ Over time, both of you
will benefit — your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically