专业英语四级(阅读)模拟试卷153(题后含答案及解析)-USB迷|专注于互联网分享

2024年5月11日发(作者：犹秋巧)

专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷153

(题后含答案及解析)

题型有： 5. READING COMPREHENSION

PART V READING COMPREHENSION

SECTION AIn this section there are several passages followed by ten

multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers

marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.

Google has an ambitious vision for spectacles. On June 27th Sergey Brin,

one of the company’s co-founders, revealed the next stage of Project Glass, its effort

to create wireless-connected glasses that allow their wearers to do a host of things,

including receiving and responding to messages, and taking and sharing photos and

videos. The goal is to get prototypes in the hands of software developers early next

year and then to sell a more polished set of specs to consumers in late 2013 or early

the following year. A product of Google’s secretive X Lab, whose mission is to

push the boundaries of computing, the glasses were on show at the company’s

developer conference in San Francisco along with several other gadgets, including a

cheap tablet computer and a new wireless media player for the home. These gadgets

attracted plenty of attention, but the longest queues at the event were at booths where

folk were trying on Google’s spectacles. That is hardly surprising because the

glasses seem like something out of a science-fiction novel. A tiny transparent display

towards the top of one lens allows wearers to see text and images by glancing

upwards. And the spectacles can be controlled using either voice commands or a

somewhat bulky touchpad integrated into one of the arms. Mr. Brin says the goal is to

“ get technology out of the way” so people can, say, take videos without having to

pull out a camera or smartphone each time they do so. Google’s glasses reflect a

growing interest in wearable computing, which many experts think could be the next

big thing in personal technology after smartphones and tablets. But some tech

veterans give warning that designing novel devices people feel comfortable wearing is

an especially tricky task. “In general, the first attempt at producing new computing

paradigms rarely sticks, “ notes Sumeet Jain of CMEA Capital, a venture-capital firm.

If Google’s glasses are to prove an exception to that rule, the firm will have to meet

several challenges. One is to refine their design so that wearers don’t look like nerds

from a laboratory. Another is to relieve inevitable concerns around privacy that the

glasses will raise. The firm will also need to reassure people their eyeballs won’t be

blitzed with advertising, which is Google’s preferred way to mint money. Mr. Brin

stresses the aim is to make a profit on the glasses themselves, whose mass-market

price will be well below the $1, 500 developers are paying for a pair. That should

make them worth a close look.

1． The most popular product(s)at Google’s developer conference in San

Francisco was/were______.

A．a tablet computer

B．a wireless media player

C．the spectacles

D．smartphones

正确答案：C

解析：推理题。文章第二段最后一句提到，这些小发明吸引了广泛的关注，

但此次活动中排队最长的是谷歌眼镜试戴展位，由排队最长可推断出，在旧金山

公司的开发者会议上最受欢迎的产品是谷歌眼镜，所以选[C]。[A]“平板电脑”

和[B]“无线媒体播放器”是上一句中提到的小发明，均可排除；[D]“智能手机”

在第四段第一句有所提及，但并未指出其参与了此次展出，故排除。知识模块：

阅读

2． Some experts believe it is a difficult task to______.

A．design new and comfortable devices

B．increase customers’ interests in the spectacles

C．push the boundaries of wearable computing

D．invent new wearable computing devices

正确答案：A

解析：细节题. 文章第四段第二句提到，一些资深技术人员警告称设计使人

们佩戴舒适的新颖装置是一件非常棘手的任务，所以[A]“设计新的和佩戴舒适

的装置”为正确答案。[B]“增加客户对这款眼镜的兴趣”在文中并未提及，故

排除；[C]“拓宽可佩戴的计算领域”在第二段第一句有所提及，但这是谷歌X

实验室的使命，故排除；[D]“发明新的可佩戴的计算设备”在第四段最后一句

有所提及，但这是风险投资公司CMEA Capital的萨米特·杰恩所说的话，故排

除。知识模块：阅读

3． Which of the following is NOT among the challenges to be met by Google?

A．To improve the design of the glasses.

B．To ease people’s concerns about privacy.

C．To make people stop worrying about advertising.

D．To earn a profit by increasing the mass-market price.

正确答案：D

解析：细节题. 第五段第五句提到了赢利和眼镜的大众市场版价格，指出谷

歌的目标是要通过眼镜本身来赢利，眼镜的大众市场版价格将远低于1500美元

一副的开发者购买价格，而不是提高大众市场版价格，故[D]为正确答案。由第

五段第二至四句可知，谷歌要应对的三个挑战分别是改良设计、困扰用户的隐私

问题、确保用户远离广告的狂轰滥炸，所以[A]、[B]和[C]均可排除。知识模块：

阅读

Because I married a photographer, once we had children, our holiday cards

of course became vehicles for their cuteness and his creativity. In 2000, baby number

one’s chubby smiling face in a Santa hat was the cover image. In 2004, our now-four

faces were ornaments on a tree. By 2006, we wore stocking caps and lay down in bed

together with a thought bubble over our sleeping heads filled with cherries. Our best

card was our last, in 2010. We dressed in extravagant holiday finery, gowns, jackets

and bow-ties. We titled it:”Don We Now Our Gay Apparel. “ That was two years

ago. We mailed it out in envelopes, signed, sealed and delivered by the U.S. Postal

Service and its analogues in distant lands. Good cheer and laughs in mailboxes all

around! It’s been downhill ever since. By last year, we’d let our mailing list go to seed.

We communicated with most of our friends online and no longer had street addresses

for them. I didn’t know it then but my world, my social world, was changing.

Today, my 1, 500 Facebook friends—1, 300 of whom I have never actually met—

have already seen the best of the year’s haul of pictures of my kids. They also know

where I’ve gone on vacation and sometimes, what I cooked for dinner or what I

thought of a movie on a Saturday night in May. There’s little point to writing a

Christmas update now, with boasts about grades and athletic skill, hospitalizations and

holidays, and the dog’s accidents, when we have already posted these events and so

much more of our trifles all year long. The urge to share has already been well

satisfied. Likewise, as receivers, we already have real-time windows into the lives

of people thousands of miles away. We already know exactly how they’ve fared in the

past year, much more than could possibly be conveyed by any single Christmas card.

If a child or grandchild has been born to a former colleague or high school friend

living across the continent, not only did I see it within hours on Shutterfly or

Instagram or Facebook, I might have seen him or her take his or her first steps on

YouTube. Still, the demise of the Christmas photo card saddens me. It predicts the

end of the U.S. Postal Service. It signals the day is near when writing on paper is

non-existent. Finally, it is part of a decline of a certain quality of communication, one

that involved delay and anticipation, forethought and reflection. Opening these cards,

the satisfaction wasn’t just in the Peace on Earth greeting, but in the recognition that a

distant friend or relative you hadn’t heard from in a year was still thinking about you,

and maybe sharing news about major events of the past 12 months. We know

each other so well now, perhaps too well. And yet, all the time logged into our

computers has also taken us away from our nearest and dearest. Who can say they

spent as much time looking into the eyes of family, friends and neighbors as into the

colorful phone or laptop screen last year? This season, instead of sending cards, my

winter holiday greeting at the end of 2012 will be this: after posting the obligatory

seasonal wishes online on Christmas Eve, I will be clicking off the electronic

messaging services, and trying to connect in person with my friends, neighbors and

family members for a change.

4． What is NOT mentioned as the things my Facebook friends know about me?

A．My friends in real life.

B．The place where I spent my holiday.

C．The dishes I cooked.

D．My idea about a movie.

正确答案：A

解析：细节题。文章第三段第二、三句提到，我在脸谱网上的1500位好友

——其中有1300位实际上我从未见过——都已看过我家孩子们这一年一堆照片

中最好的那张。他们还知道我曾去过哪里度假，以及有时我晚餐做了什么菜或者

我对五月的某个周六晚上的电影有何观感，[A]“我在现实生活中的朋友”在文

中并未提及，所以为正确答案。[B]“我度假的地方”、[C]“我做的菜”和[D]“我

的电影观后感”均有所提及，故排除。知识模块：阅读

5． It can be inferred from Paragraphs 4 and 5 that______.

A．we can see other people’s life through windows

B．it’s easy to learn about distant friends over the network

C．writing on paper doesn’t exist any longer

D．opening photo cards gives us the satisfaction of peace

正确答案：B

解析：推理题。文章第四段最后一句提到，如果以前的同事或者高中朋友家

里有小孩或孙子出生，而他／她又住在美国的另一边，我不仅能在数小时之内从

快门网、照片分享或脸谱网看到这一消息，而且还可能已经在YouTube网上看

过他或她带着孩子蹒跚学步了，由此推知，通过网络可以很容易地得知远方朋友

的信息，所以[B]为正确答案。[A]“我们可以通过窗户看到别人的生活”与第四

段第一句提到的“我们已经有一个实时的窗口可以看到远在千里之外的人们的生

活”语义不符，故排除；第五段第三句提到，这表明在纸上写字不复存在的那一

天快要来临了，[C]“在纸上写字不再存在”夸大了文章原意，因此排除；[D]“打

开这些照片卡片给我们带来对和平的满足感”与第五段最后一句提到的“打开这

些卡片，这种满足感不仅仅是来自对世界和平的祝福”不符，故排除。知识模

块：阅读

6． Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A．How Did I Make the Holiday Photo Cards?

B．What Is the Best Way to Connect with Friends?

C．Why Did I Stop Sending Holiday Photo Cards?

D．What Is the Disadvantage of Online Contact?

正确答案：C

解析：主旨题。文章开篇讲述作者家从2000年到2010年都在自己制作节日

照片贺卡，如今作者已不再寄送贺卡，而是和朋友在网上联系。接着提到由于网

上信息共享，大家都了解彼此的近况，但作者对圣诞节相片贺卡的消亡感到很难

过。最后提到网络让我们能迅速掌握关于对方的消息，但其反而让我们远离了自

己的亲朋挚友，为了避免这一问题，在2012年的圣诞节作者会亲自联系亲朋挚

友，[C]“我为什么不再寄送节日照片贺卡?”作为主题更贴切，故为正确答案。

[A]“我如何制作节日照片贺卡?”仅在第一段中有所提及，故排除；[B]“联系

朋友的最好方法是什么?”在本文并未提及，故排除；[D]“在线联络的坏处有哪

些?”在最后一段有所提及，但不是全文主题，故排除。知识模块：阅读

In The Art of Choosing, Sheena Iyengar, a business professor at Columbia

University and a leading expert on decision making, tells us that making sounc

choices is even more difficult than we think. To learn how to make better decisions,

we first need to become aware of the pitfalls(陷阱)we typically encounter.

Iyengar reveals, for example, that having many options to choose from does not lead

to better outcomes, despite popular assumptions to the contrary. For instance, she

found that consumers were far more likely to buy jam when given fewer flavor

choices, not more. “We frequently pay a mental and emotional tax for freedom of

choice, “ she writes. To become better choosers, Iyengar proposes that when

confronted with an abundance of options, people should focus first on the easiest

elements of the decision and work up to the more complex parts. She illustrates

this point using one study in which Audi buyers had to choose among 144 total car

features. One group started with the features that required fewer options, such as

whether they wanted leather or upholstered interiors, and worked up to features with

many options, such as choosing among 56 colors for the car’s interior and exterior.

The other group started with the hardest choices and moved toward the easier ones. In

the end, those in the group that went from the hardest to easiest spent an average of 1,

500 euros more on their cars than the other group and reported they were less happy

with their decisions. Iyengar also explains that we often make decisions not based

on our tastes but on how we think our decisions will be perceived. In 2000 a team of

psychologists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Columbia University

showed that people receiving a free sample of beer chose against their tastes to avoid

looking like copycats to their peers. Individuals who picked their beers in private,

however, chose what they enjoyed and said they were happy with their decisions.

Iyengar points out that the people who chose against their tastes were often

unconscious of what motivated their decisions. Thus, she proposes that one way to

avoid strong and sometimes silent influences is to try to become more aware of them

in the first place. Ultimately, Iyengar wants us to recognize that our decisions—

both the mundane(普通的)and momentous—are influenced by many factors and that

the more we recognize those factors, the more satisfied we will be.

7． Compared with the other group, those Audi buyers who started from the

hardest choices to the easiest ones______.

A．spent less money and were happier

B．spent less money and were less happy

C．spent more money and were happier

D．spent more money and were less happy

正确答案：D

解析：细节题. 第三段最后一句提到，与由易到难小组相比，这些由难到易

小组的成员平均每人多花费1500欧元购车，并表明对自己的决定并不是很满意，

由此可知[D]为正确答案。其他选项均不符合文意，故排除。知识模块：阅读

8． According to Paragraph 4, which of the following statements is

INCORRECT?

A．People chose the beer against their tastes so that they wouldn’t be thought to

imitate others.

B．People could realize what caused them to choose against their own tastes in

public.

C．People enjoyed the beer that they chose in private and were satisfied with the

choice.

D．People often chose the beer based on their tastes in private but against them in

public.

正确答案：B

解析：细节题。原文第四段第四句指出，做出违背自身喜好的选择时，人们

经常意识不到自己做此决定的动机，故[B]“人们能意识到是什么导致其在公共

场合时做出违背自身喜好的选择”是错误的表述，故[B]为本题答案。而该段第

二句提到，喝免费啤酒的人选择违背自身喜好的口味是为了避免被认为是模仿

者，所以[A]是对原文的同义转述，符合文意，故排除；本段第三句提到，私下

挑选啤酒的人会选择自己喜欢的口味并表示对自己的决定感到很高兴，因此[C]

符合文意，故排除；[D]“在私下场合里人们进行选择时经常会按照自己的喜好

来选，而在公开场合则会违背自身的喜好”可以很明显地从第四段的实验中推断

得出，所以也是正确的陈述，故排除。知识模块：阅读

Executive coaching is primarily concerned with confidential one-to-one

discussions between the coach and the executive. It is aimed at performance

improvement. Primary needs are diagnosed and agreed upon, a “developmental-action

plan” is drawn up, the skill base of the executive is broadened by coaching, and then

the new skill sets are tested in the workplace under the guidance of the coach.

Sometimes, these needs involve team coaching, but individual coaching is the normal

starting point. The coach needs to guide the executive outside his or her comfort zone

in order to improve performance. A coaching assignment normally focuses on

two or three developmental needs of the individual, and lasts for 6 to 12 months.

However, it sometimes involves multiple assignments aimed at bringing about

cultural change in an organization. For example, a new chief executive may want to

change the culture of his organization. He could then hire a coach, and brief him or

her to change the mindset of his direct subordinates on a one-to-one basis.

Compared with traditional management training, which is typically related to

broadbased organizational change, sometimes of a technical nature, executive

coaching is targeted to individual and small-group change. The primary focus of

coaching is often behavioural and leadership change, and is rarely of a technical

nature. The difference between coaching and training is that coaching is one-to-one,

highly confidential and over 6-12 months, whereas training is typically of a short-term,

group-work-shop nature. Referring to the key ingredients for enhanced

performance and team success, business coaching has a lot to learn from sports.

According to sports coaches, a coach is a catalyst for change, and is not paid to

preserve the status quo, but to lift people out of their comfort zone, so that they grow

and develop. The coach must stay in touch with the state of the art and extract from it

what is relevant. All sports coaches believe passionately in the power of the team

to lift performance not by just a little, but by 100% . Considerable energy is devoted

to defining goals, roles, a code of conduct and to fostering group dynamics in order to

optimize team productivity. Both success and failure are learning opportunities,

and there is a severity in their cold-eyed, weekly analysis, which business has yet to

develop. Top athletes scrutinize both success and failure with their coach to extract

lessons from them, but they are never distracted from longer-term goals. To be a

champion athlete means developing an elitist attitude—not involving arrogance, but

rather an unceasing desire to learn and improve. They never accept second best, but

always strive for what has not yet been achieved. There must be a sport/life

balance, so that athletes are not obsessed by their goals, and thus lack a sense of

perspective to cope with inevitable failure or occasional success，or the ability to

recharge their batteries outside the sporting arena.

9． Which of the following statements is INCORRECT according to Paragraph

A．Executive coaches update their minds constantly.

B．Coaches are aimed to broaden people’s horizon.

C．It’s difficult to evaluate the performance of a coach.

D．If a coach can not make the executive get touch with something unfamiliar, he

will probably be fired.

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。第五段中提到，教练的任务不是维持现状，而是要带领人们

成长和发展。这里明确提出了判断教练任务完成好坏的标准。[A]“教练要不断

更新思维”与文中第五段第二句中的The coach must stay in touch with the state of

the art意思相符，[B]和[D]可从该段第一句中的…a coach…is not paid to preserve

the status quo，but to lift people out of their comfort zone得到验证。由上可知，只

有[C]说法错误，故为正确答案。知识模块：阅读

10． With the passage, the author intends to______.

A．introduce the job of executive coaching

B．compare executive coaching with sports coaching

C．explain the tasks of executive coaching

D．tell the aims of executive coaching

正确答案：A

解析：主旨题。[B]、[C]和[D]的内容在文中都有所提及，但都不是本文的主

旨，故均排除。本文作者对总裁教练术这一工作进行了较为完整的介绍，只有[A]

是全面的，故为答案。知识模块：阅读

SECTION BIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the

passages in Section A. Answer the questions with No more than TEN words in the

space provided.

PASSAGE ONE

11． What’s the mission of Google’s secretive X Lab?

正确答案：To push the boundaries of computing

解析：文章第二段第一句提到：神秘的谷歌X实验室的使命是拓宽计算机

领域。因此To push the boundaries of computing为正确答案。知识模块：阅读

PASSAGE TWO

12． What does the phrase “go to seed” mean in Paragraph 2?

正确答案：Be out of use

解析：由题干关键词go to seed定位到文章第二段第五句，该句前一句表明，

从两年前贺卡就一直在走下坡路，而第六句也提到我们和大部分朋友都进行在线

交流，也不再有他们的街道地址了，由此可知，第五句是指我们淘汰了邮寄名单，

所以Be out of use为正确答案。知识模块：阅读

PASSAGE THREE

13． When faced with many choices, what should people do?

正确答案：Start from the easiest to the hardest

解析：第二段最后一句提到，艾杨格建议人们在面临大量选择时，首先应该

把注意力集中于决策中最简单的环节上，然后再逐步过渡到较为复杂的环节上，

由此可知，Start from the easiest to the hardest为正确答案。知识模块：阅读

14． What does the passage mainly discuss?

正确答案：How to make better decisions

解析：在本文第一段中艾杨格建议人们要做出更好的决定，首先需要认识到

那些我们通常会遇到的陷阱；在第二段中艾杨格认为拥有很多的选择并不能导致

更好的结果，所以她建议人们在面临大量的选择时，应该由易到难；该建议在第

三段中通过对比两组奥迪汽车购买者得到了进一步的说明和强调；在第四段中艾

杨格通过在公开场合选择啤酒口味的例子说明有很多潜移默化的因素会影响人

们的决定，她建议避免这些影响的方法就是：从一开始就更了解它们；在最后一

段中，艾杨格建议人们了解更多影响决定的因素。综上所述，我们可以看出本文

主要阐明的是艾杨格建议如何做出更好的决定，故How to make better decisions

为正确答案。知识模块：阅读

PASSAGE FOUR

15． According to the passage, what is the main task of “executive coaching”?

正确答案：Teaching the executive skills they don’t have before

解析：文中第一段最后一句提到，教练需要引导高层领导人走出自己的舒适

区以寻求新的突破。由此可推知，总裁教练术的主要任务是要帮助总裁们掌握某

些他们原来不具备的技能，而不仅仅是帮助他们经营企业、管理下属或提高团队

凝聚力等，故Teaching the executive skills they don’t have before为正确答案. 知识

模块：阅读