2018年12月大学英语六级真题(第二套)-USB迷|专注于互联网分享

2024年5月15日发(作者：辟彭彭)

2018年12月大学英语六级真题（第二套）

(总分：710.00，做题时间：150分钟)

一、Part Ⅰ Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)

Directions ： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on how to balance job

responsibilities and personal interests. You should write at least 150 words but no more than

200 words.（分数：106.50）

__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：(

Work is a means of livelihood for most people, while personal interests often add spice to one's

life. Both are beyond dispute indispensable for leading a fulfilling life. But it is far from

easy to achieve a trade-off between them.

It requires, above all, full and proper use of work time. More exactly, people should follow their

work plans and make a concentrated effort to complete their assignments. Being productive at work,

in fact, not only benefits your career development, but also saves you plenty of time and energy

to explore private interests. Once you find your favorite pastimes, try to make them part of your

life, lest you idle such hard-won free time away. Movie fans, for example, can spend one hour

or more watching films each weeknight and share their comments via social media on weekends.

A better approach, of course, is to seek a job or start a business closely related to one's hobbies,

though it is less practical for most people. But at any rate, it is inadvisable to be distracted

by personal interests at work or to be a workaholic.

)

解析：

二、Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension(总题数：0，分数：0.00)

Section A(总题数：2，分数：56.80)

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.4）

(1).

（分数：7.1）

worrying about him.

away from the statue.

a picture of him. √

on a smile for the photo.

解析：

听力原文：

Conversation One

对话 1

M: Do you mind taking my photo with the statueover there? I think it will mak

e a great shot.

男：能不能帮我和那边的雕像照张相？我觉得这会是一个很棒的照片。

W: Sure, no worries. You're always taking photos. What do you do with all the

photos you take?

女：当然，别客气。你总是在拍照。你用你拍的照片做什么？

M: Well, don't laugh. My dream is to become an online celebrity of sorts.

男：别笑我。我的梦想是成为那种网络名人。

W: You are not serious, are you?

女：你不是认真的吧？

M: I am, completely. I just got the idea a few months ago after posting some

holiday photos onmy social media accounts. A lot of people liked my photos an

d started asking me for traveltips. So I figured I'd give it a go. I post a

lot on social media anyway. So I've got nothing tolose.

男：是啊，我很认真。几个月前，我在社交媒体上发布了一些度假照片，才有了这个想法。很多人喜欢我

的照片，开始向我咨询旅行建议。所以我想试试。我在社交媒体上发了很多。我没什么可失去的。

W: I guess that's true. So what do you have to do to become Internet famous?

女：我想确实如此。那么，要想成为网络名人，你需要做些什么呢？

M: Surprisingly a lot more than I did as a hobby. Recently, I've been spending

a lot more timeediting photos, posting online and clearing storage on my phone

. It's always full now.

男：很令人惊讶，如果真的要做的话，需要做的事比纯粹的业余爱好还要多很多。最近，我花了很多时间

来编辑照片，在网上发布，清理手机上的存储空间。现在总是满的。

W: That doesn't sound like too much work.

女：听起来工作量不大。

M: Well, there's more to it. I spent all last weekend researching what topics

are popular, whatwords to use in captions and similar accounts to follow. It re

ally was a lot to take in. And I wasup well past midnight. I'd say it's payi

ng off though. I increased the number of people followingmy accounts by 15% alr

eady.

男：嗯，还有呢。上周末，我花了整整一个周末的时间来研究哪些话题是受欢迎的，在标题中应该使用哪

些词，以及接下来应该关注哪些类似的账户。真的有很多东西要吸收。我一直到半夜还没睡。我想这是值

得的。关注我账户的人数已经增加了15%。

W: That is impressive. I guess I never thought much about all the effort behin

d the scene. Now that I think about it, there's always something wrong with my

photos as it is—halfsmiles，

closed eyes, messy hair. I hope you have better luck than I do. Then again, I

think theonly person interested in my photos is my mom.

女：太棒了。我想我从来没有想过所有幕后的努力。现在我想想，我的照片总是有问题，因为照片里我总

是似笑非笑，闭着眼睛，头发凌乱。我希望你的运气比我好。而且，我想唯一对我的照片感兴趣的人是我

妈妈。

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

请根据你刚刚听到的对话回答第1题至第4题。

1. What does the man ask the woman to do?

1. 男士让女士做什么？

2. What does the man dream of?

2. 男士的梦想是什么？

3. What has the man been busy doing recently?

3. 男士最近在忙什么？

4. What does the woman say about her photos?

4. 关于她的照片，女士说了什么？

(2).

（分数：7.1）

g great fame on the Internet. √

hing a collection of his photos.

ting the best photos in the world.

ng a professional photographer.

解析：

(3).

（分数：7.1）

g various websites and collecting photos.

g his pictures and posting them online. √

ing similar accounts to compare notes.

ng the pictures in popular social media.

解析：

(4).

（分数：7.1）

are far from satisfactory. √

are mostly taken by her mom.

make an impressive album.

record her fond memories.

解析：

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.4）

(1).

（分数：7.1）

A.A journal reporting the latest progress in physics.

introductory course of modern physics.

occasion for physicists to exchange ideas.

D.A series of interviews with outstanding physicists. √

解析：

听力原文：

Conversation Two

对话 2

M: Good evening and welcome to Physics Today. Here we interview some of the gr

eatest minds inphysics as they help us to understand some of themost complicated

theories. Today, I'm very pleasedto welcome Dr. Melissa Phillips, professor ofth

eoretical physics. She's here to tell us a littleabout what it is she studies.

Dr. Phillips, you seem tostudy everything.

男：晚上好，欢迎来到今日物理。今天，我们采访了一些最伟大的物理学家，他们帮助我们理解一些最复

杂的理论。今天，我很高兴地欢迎理论物理学教授梅丽莎·菲利普斯博士。她今天将为我们讲述她的研究。

菲利普斯博士，你好像什么都研究过了。

W: I guess that would be fair to say I spent most of my time studying the B

ig Bang theory andwhere our universe came from.

女：准确说，我大部分时间都在研究宇宙大爆炸理论和宇宙的起源。

M: Can you tell us a little about that?

男：你能给我们讲讲吗？

W: Well, I'm very interested in why the universe exists at all. That may sound

odd, but thefact is at the moment of the Big Bang, both matter and anti-matt

er were created for a shorttime, and I mean just a fraction of a second. The

whole universe was a super-hot soup ofradiation filled with these particles. So

what's baffled scientists for so long is "why is there auniverse at all?"

女：嗯，我对宇宙存在的原因很感兴趣。这听起来可能很奇怪，但事实是在大爆炸的那一刻，物质和反物

质都是在很短的时间内被创造出来的，我的意思是只有几分之一秒。整个宇宙就像一碗充满这些粒子的超

热辐射汤。因此，让科学家们困惑了这么久的是“为什么会有宇宙呢?”

M: That's because matter and anti-matter are basically opposites of each other.

They areexactly alike except that they have opposite electrical charges. So when

they collide, theydestroy each other?

男：那是因为物质和反物质基本上是对立的。除了电荷相反外，它们完全一样。所以当它们碰撞时，它们

会互相毁灭吗？

W: Exactly. So during the first few moments of the Big Bang, the universe was

extremely hotand very small. Matter and the now more exotic anti-matter would

have had little space toavoid each other. This means that they should have tota

lly wiped each other out, leaving theuniverse completely barren.

女：没错。所以在大爆炸的最初几分钟，宇宙非常热，非常小。物质和现在更奇特的反物质将几乎没有空

间相互回避。这意味着它们应该完全相互毁灭，让宇宙完全荒芜。

M: But a recent study seems to point to the fact that when matter and anti-ma

tter were firstcreated, there were slightly more particles of matter, which allow

ed the universe we all live into form?

男：但是最近的一项研究似乎指出了一个事实，当物质和反物质最初被创造出来的时候，有更多的物质粒

子，这使得我们生活的宇宙得以形成。

W: Exactly. Because there was slightly more matter, the collisions quickly deplet

ed all the anti-matter and left just enough matter to create stars, planets and

eventually us.

女：没错。因为有更多的物质，碰撞很快耗尽了所有的反物质，只留下足够的物质来创造恒星、行星和我

们。

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

请根据你刚刚听到的对话回答第5题至第8题。

5. What does the man say is Physics Today?

5. 男士说的今日物理是什么？

6. What is the woman physicist's main research area?

6. 女物理学家的主要研究领域是什么？

7. What is the woman interested in?

7. 女士对什么感兴趣？

8. What seems to be the finding of the recent study?

8. 最近的研究有什么发现？

(2).

（分数：7.1）

future of the physical world.

origin of the universe. √

s of radiation.

le theory.

解析：

(3).

（分数：7.1）

matter collides with anti⁃matter.

r the universe will turn barren.

there exists anti⁃matter.

there is a universe at all. √

解析：

(4).

（分数：7.1）

and anti⁃matter are opposites of each other.

⁃matter allowed humans to come into existence. √

universe formed due to a sufficient amount of matter.

⁃matter exists in very high⁃temperature environments.

解析：

Section B(总题数：2，分数：49.70)

Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.3）

(1).

（分数：7.1）

found herself speaking a foreign language.

woke up speaking with a different accent. √

found some symptoms of her illness gone.

woke up finding herself in another country.

解析：

听力原文：

Passage One

短文 1

In this week's edition of special series on BizarreMedical Conditions,

a report of the case ofMichelle Myers.

在本周的《奇异医疗事件》特别系列中，有一篇关于米歇尔·迈尔斯病例的报道。

there is

Myers is an American woman who woke up one dayspeaking with a British accent,

even though she'slived in the United States all her life.

迈尔斯是一名美国女子，尽管她一直生活在美国，但有一天她醒来时说话带着英国口音。

In 2015, Myers went to bed with a terrible headache. She woke up sounding like

someone fromEngland. Her British accent has remained for the past two years.

2015年，迈尔斯头非常疼，就上床睡觉。她醒来时说话听起来就像个英国人。过去两年来她的英国口音一

直没有变。

Previously, Myers had woken up speaking in Irish and Australian accents. However,

on both ofthose occasions, the accents lasted for only a week.

此前，迈尔斯一觉醒来说话就带着爱尔兰和澳大利亚口音。然而，在这两种情况下，口音都只持续了一周。

Myers has been diagnosed with Foreign Accent Syndrome. It's a disorder in which

a personexperiences a sudden change to their speech so that they sound like t

hey're speaking in aforeign accent.

迈尔斯被诊断出患有外国口音综合症。这是一种障碍，一个人突然改变了说话方式，听起来就像在用外国

口音说话。

The condition is most often caused by a stroke or traumatic brain injury.

这种情况通常是由中风或创伤性脑损伤引起的。

Although people with the syndrome have intelligible speech, their manner of speak

ing isaltered in terms of timing and tongue placement, which may distort their

pronunciation.

尽管患有这种综合症的人说话容易理解，但他们说话的方式会因时间和舌头的位置而改变，这可能会使他

们的发音发生变化。

The result is that they may sound foreign when speaking their native language.

结果就是说母语时，他们听起来可能像外国人。

It's not clear whether Myers has experienced a stroke or other brain damage, bu

t she also hasa separate medical condition, which can result in loose joints, e

asily bruised skin and otherproblems.

目前还不清楚迈尔斯是否经历过中风或其他脑损伤，但她也有其他健康问题，可能导致关节松动、皮肤容

易擦伤和其他问题。

Foreign Accent Syndrome is rare, with only about 60 cases reported within the p

ast century.

外国口音综合症很少见，在过去的一个世纪里只报告了大约60例。

However, a different American woman reportedly spoke with the Russian accent in

2010 aftershe fell down the stairs and hit her head.

然而，据报道，还有一名美国女子在2010年从楼梯上摔下来撞到头后，说话带着俄罗斯口音。

Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.

请根据你刚刚听到的短文回答第9题至第11题。

9. What happened to Michelle Myers one day?

9. 米歇尔·迈尔斯怎么了？

10. What does the passage say about Foreign Accent Syndrome?

10. 关于外国口音综合症，文章说了什么？

11. What accent did another American woman speak with after a head injury?

11. 另一位美国妇女头部受伤后说话是什么口音？

(2).

（分数：7.1）

is usually caused by a stroke or brain injury. √

has not yet found any effective treatment.

leaves the patient with a distorted memory.

often happens to people with speech defects.

解析：

(3).

（分数：7.1）

n √

lian

解析：

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.4）

(1).

（分数：7.1）

sports.

in rivers.

s about women swimmers.

about swimming. √

解析：

听力原文：

Passage Two

短文 2

There is something about water that makes it a goodmetaphor for life. That may

be one reason why somany people find relief in swimming when life's seasget r

ough.

水的某种特质让它成为生命的一个很好的隐喻。这也许就是为什么当生活的海洋变得波涛汹涌时，那么多

人在游泳中找到了解脱。

And it goes some way towards explaining why books about swimming, in which peop

le tackleicy lakes, race in rivers and overcome oceans while reflecting on their

lives, have recentlybecome so popular.

这在一定程度上解释了为什么关于游泳的书最近变得如此受欢迎。在书中，人们在反思自己生活的同时，

应对结冰的湖泊，在河流中赛跑，征服海洋。

These books reflect a trend, particularly strong in Britain, where swimming in p

ools isdeclining, but more and more folks are opting for open water.

这些书反映了一种趋势，尤其是在英国，游泳池里游泳的人数正在减少，但越来越多的人选择开放水域。

"Wild swimming" seems to be especially popular among women. Jenny Landreth recent

lypublished a guide to the best swimming spots in London.

“野泳”似乎特别受女性欢迎。珍妮·兰德里斯最近出版了一本关于伦敦最佳游泳地点的指南。

Her new book, Swell, interweaves her own story with a history of female pioneer

s whoaccomplished remarkable feats and paved the way for future generations.

她的新书《膨胀》(Swell)将她自己的故事与女性拓荒者的历史交织在一起，这些女性拓荒者取得了非凡的

成就，为后代铺平了道路。

Notions of modesty restricted women in the Victorian era, but they still swam.

A "bathingmachine" was rolled down to the seashore so women would not be seen

in swimwear.

在维多利亚时代，谦逊的观念限制了女性，但她们仍然会游泳。一个“沐浴机”被推到海边，这样就不会

有人看到妇女们穿着泳装。

In 1892, The Gentlewoman's Book of Sport described a woman swimming in a heavy

dress, boots, hat, gloves and carrying an umbrella.

1892年，《贵妇人运动手册》(The Gentlewoman's Book of Sport)描述了一位女士穿着厚重的连衣

裙、靴子、帽子、手套，手持雨伞游泳。

Eventually, swimming became freer. Mixed bathing was permitted on British beaches

in 1901.

最终，游泳变得更加自由。1901年，英国海滩允许混合沐浴。

Women won the right to swim in public pools, learned to swim properly, created

appropriateswimwear and, in time, even competed against men.

女性赢得了在公共泳池游泳的权利，学会了正确地游泳，设计了合适的泳衣，最终甚至与男性竞争。

The first woman to cross the English Channel was Gertrude Ederle in 1926. She

beat the recordby almost two hours and her father rewarded her with a red spor

ts car.

1926年，格特鲁德·埃德尔成为第一位横渡英吉利海峡的女性。她以将近两个小时的优势打破了纪录，她

父亲奖励她一辆红色跑车。

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.

请根据你刚刚听到的短文第12题至第15题。

12. What has become so popular recently?

12. 什么最近变得如此流行？

13. What did Jenny Landreth do recently?

13. 珍妮·兰德里斯最近做了什么？

14. What do we learn about women in the Victorian era?

14. 我们了解到了关于维多利亚时代女性的什么事？

15. What does the passage say about Gertrude Ederle?

15. 这篇文章提到了关于格特鲁德·埃德尔的什么事？

(2).

（分数：7.1）

succeeded in swimming across the English Channel.

published a guide to London’s best swimming spots. √

told her story of adventures to some young swimmers.

wrote a book about the history of swimwear in the UK.

解析：

(3).

（分数：7.1）

loved vacationing on the seashore.

had a unique notion of modesty.

were prohibited from swimming.

were fully dressed when swimming. √

解析：

(4).

（分数：7.1）

designed lots of appropriate swimwear for women.

once successfully competed against men in swimming.

was the first woman to swim across the English Channel. √

was an advocate of women’s right to swim in public pools.

解析：

Section C(总题数：3，分数：142.00)

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.（分数：42.6）

(1).

（分数：14.2）

a machine that can detect lies. √

p a magnetic brain scanner.

the credibility of court evidence.

people's complete trust in them.

解析：

听力原文：

Recording One

录音 1

Today I'm going to talk about a very special kind ofperson. Psychologists call

them "masters ofdeception," those rare individuals with a naturalability to tell

with complete confidence whensomeone is telling a lie.

今天我要讲的是一种非常特别的人。心理学家称他们为“欺骗大师”，这种人非常罕见，当别人说谎时，

他们有一种天生的能力，能够完全自信地识破。

For decades, researchers and law enforcement agencies have tried to build a mach

ine that willdo the same thing.

几十年来，研究人员和执法机构一直在尝试制造一种能做同样事情的机器。

Now a company in Massachusetts says that by using magnetic brain scans they can

determinewith 97% accuracy whether someone is telling the truth.

现在，马萨诸塞州的一家公司表示，通过使用磁脑扫描，他们可以以97%的准确率确定某人是否在说真话。

They hope that the technology will be cleared for use in American courts by ea

rly next year. Butis this really the ultimate tool for you, the lawyers of tom

orrow?

他们希望这项技术能在明年初在美国法庭上得到应用。但这真的是未来律师的终极工具吗？

You'll not find many brain scientists celebrating this breakthrough.

你会发现很多大脑科学家对这一突破并不乐观。

The company might be very optimistic, but the ability of their machine to detec

t deceptionhas not provided credible proof.

该公司可能非常乐观，但他们的机器检测欺骗的能力并没有提供可信的证据。

That's because the technology has not been properly tested in real-world situatio

ns. In life, there are different kinds of lies and diverse context in which th

ey're told.

这是因为这项技术还没有在现实世界中得到适当的测试。在生活中，有各种各样的谎言，还有不同的说谎

背景。

These differences may elicit different brain responses. Does their hypothesis behi

nd the testapply in every case?

这些差异可能引起不同的大脑反应。他们的假设是否适用于所有情况？

We don't know the answer, because studies done on how reliable this machine is

have not yetbeen duplicated. Much more research is badly needed.

我们不知道答案，因为关于这台机器的可靠性研究还没有被复制，仍然需要更多的研究。

Whether the technology is eventually deemed reliable enough for the courts will

ultimatelybe decided by the judges.

这项技术最终能否被法庭认为足够可靠，最终将由法官决定。

Let's hope they're wise enough not to be fooled by a machine that claims to d

eterminetruthfulness at the flick of a switch.

我们希望他们足够聪明，不要被一台声称只要按一下开关就能确定真实性的机器愚弄。

They should also be sceptical of the growing tendency to try to reduce all hum

an traits andactions to the level of brain activity. Often, they do not map th

at easily.

他们还应该对试图将人类所有特征和行为都归结到大脑活动层面的趋势持怀疑态度。通常情况下，两者并

不能轻易匹配。

Moreover, understanding the brain is not the same as understanding the mind. Som

eresearchers have suggested that thoughts cannot properly be seen as purely "inte

rnal."

此外，理解大脑并不等同于理解大脑。一些研究人员认为，思想不能完全被看作是“内在的”。

Instead, thoughts make sense only in reference to the individual's external world

相反，思想只有在个人的外部世界中才有意义。

So while there may be insights to be gained from matching behavior to brain ac

tivity, thoseinsights will not necessarily lead to justice in a court of law.

因此，虽然我们可以从大脑活动与行为的匹配中获得一些洞见，但这些洞见并不一定会在法庭上得到公正

的裁决。

Problems surround the use of machines to spot deception, at least until it has

been rigorouslytested.

至少在经过严格的测试之前，使用机器来发现欺骗，问题仍然存在。

A high-tech test that can tell when a person is not telling the truth sounds

too good to be true. And when something sounds too good to be true, it usuall

y is.

一项高科技测试可以判断一个人是否在说谎，听起来好得令人难以置信。当某件事听起来好得令人难以置

信时，它通常是真的。

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.

请根据你刚刚听到的录音回答16 - 18题。

16. What have researchers and law enforcement agencies tried to do?

16. 研究人员和执法机构试图做什么？

17. How do many brain scientists respond to the Massachusetts company's so-called

technological breakthrough?

17. 对于这家马萨诸塞州公司所谓的技术突破，大脑科学家们做出了什么样的回应？

18. What does the speaker think of using a high-tech test to determine whether

a person istelling the truth?

18. 说话者如何看待使用高科技测试来判断一个人是否在说真话？

(2).

（分数：14.2）

are optimistic about its potential.

are sceptical of its reliability. √

think it is but business promotion.

celebrate it with great enthusiasm.

解析：

(3).

（分数：14.2）

is not to be trusted at all. √

does not sound economical.

may intrude into people's privacy.

may lead to overuse in court trials.

解析：

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.（分数：42.6）

(1).

（分数：14.2）

of its residents speak several languages.

of its indigenous languages are dying out.

village there speaks a totally different language. √

languages have interested researchers the world over.

解析：

听力原文：

Recording Two

录音 2

Last week I attended a research workshop on anisland in the South Pacific.

上周，我参加了南太平洋一个岛屿上的一个研讨会。

Thirty people were present and all except me camefrom the island, called Makelua

, in the nation ofVanuatu.

共有30人出席，除我以外，都来自瓦努阿图国一个名叫马基鲁瓦的岛。

They live in 16 different communities and speak 16 distinct languages. In many

cases, youcould stand at the edge of one village and see the outskirts of the

next community.

他们生活在16个不同的社区，说16种不同的语言。在很多情况下，你可以站在一个村庄的边缘，看到下

一个社区的郊区。

Yet the residents of each village speak a completely different language.

然而每个村庄的居民说着完全不同的语言。

According to recent work by my colleagues at the Max Planck Institute for the

Science of HumanHistory, this island, just 100 kilometers long and 20 kilometers

wide, is home to speakers ofperhaps 40 different indigenous languages.

根据我在马克斯普朗克人类历史科学研究所

(Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History)的同事们最近的研究，这个只有

100公里长、20公里宽的岛屿上生活着的人讲着大约40种不同土著语言。

Why so many? We could ask the same question of the entire globe. People don't

speak oneuniversal language, or even a handful.

为什么那么多？我们可以向全世界提出同样的问题。人们没有说一种通用的语言，甚至不同的几种都没有。

Instead, today our species collectively speaks over 7,

000 distinct languages, and theselanguages are not spread randomly across the pla

net.

相反，今天我们人类共同使用超过7000种不同的语言，而这些语言并不是随机分布在地球上的。

For example, far more languages are found in tropical regions than in the mild

zones. Thetropical island of New Guinea is home to over 900 languages.

例如，在热带地区发现的语言比在温带多得多。热带岛屿新几内亚有900多种语言。

Russia,

20 times larger, has 105 indigenous languages. Even within the tropics, languaged

iversity varies widely.

俄罗斯国土面积要大20倍，有105种本土语言。即使在热带地区，语言的多样性也有很大的差异。

For example, the 250,

000 people who live on Vanuatu's 80 islands speak 110 differentlanguages, but in

Bangladesh, a population 600 times greater speaks only 41 languages.

例如，生活在瓦努阿图80个岛屿上的25万人讲110种不同的语言，但在孟加拉国，人口是瓦努阿图的600

多倍，只讲41种语言。

How come humans speak so many languages? And why are they so unevenly spread a

cross theplanet?

为什么人类会说这么多语言？为什么它们在地球上分布得如此不均匀？

As it turns out, we have few clear answers to these fundamental questions about

howhumanity communicates.

事实证明，对于人类如何沟通的这些基本问题，我们几乎没有明确的答案。

Most people can easily brainstorm possible answers to these intriguing questions.

对于这些有趣的问题，大多数人都能很容易地想出可能的答案。

They hypothesize that language diversity must be about history, cultural differenc

es, mountains or oceans dividing populations.

他们假设，语言多样性一定与历史、文化差异、山脉或海洋分隔人口有关。

But when our diverse team of researchers from six different disciplines and eigh

t differentcountries began to review what was known, we were shocked that only

a dozen previousstudies had been done, including one we ourselves completed on l

anguage diversity in thePacific.

但是，当我们由来自6个不同学科和8个不同国家的多样化研究人员组成的团队开始回顾已知的情况时，

我们感到震惊的是，此前已经完成的研究只有12项，其中包括我们自己完成的一项关于太平洋地区语言多

样性的研究。

These prior efforts all examined the degree to which different environmental, soc

ial andgeographic variables correlated with the number of languages found in a g

iven location.

这些先前的研究都审查了不同的环境、社会和地理变量与某一地点所发现的语言数目之间的关系。

The results varied a lot from one study to another, and no clear patterns emer

ged.

不同的研究结果有很大的差异，没有清晰的模式出现。

The studies also ran up against many methodological challenges, the biggest of w

hich centeredon the old statistical saying—correlation does not equal causation.

这些研究还遇到了许多方法论上的挑战，其中最大的挑战集中在旧的统计说法上——相关性并不等于因果

关系。

19. What does the speaker say about the island of Makelua?

19. 关于马基卢阿岛，讲者说了什么？

20. What do we learn from the talk about languages in the world?

20. 我们从关于世界语言的演讲中学到了什么？

21. What have the diversed team of researchers found about the previous studies

on languagediversity?

21. 这个由不同研究人员组成的团队在之前的语言多样性研究中发现了什么？

(2).

（分数：14.2）

are spread randomly across the world.

are more difficult to learn than others.

are found in tropical regions than in the mild zones. √

enrich and impact each other in more ways than one.

解析：

(3).

（分数：14.2）

used different methods to collect and analyze data.

identified distinct patterns of language distribution.

conclusions do not correspond to their original hypotheses.

is no conclusive account for the cause of language diversity. √

解析：

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.（分数：56.8）

(1).

（分数：14.2）

middle⁃class is disappearing. √

wealth is rationally distributed.

population is rapidly growing.

cherished dream is coming true.

解析：

听力原文：

Recording Three

录音 3

We often hear people say that America is a land ofopportunity, a country built

on hope to aspire thegreatness on the American dream.

我们经常听到人们说，美国是一片充满机遇的土地，一个希望实现伟大美国梦的国家。

But is the dream as we once knew it dying?

但是，我们曾经知道的这个梦想会消亡吗？

Today's demographics show that the middle-class is disappearing and now the riche

st 1% of thepopulation has mastered more wealth than the bottom 90%.

今天的人口统计数据显示，中产阶级正在消失，现在最富有的1%人口掌握的财富超过了底层90%的人口。

Once upon a time, Americans thought that if they worked hard enough, even in t

he phase ofadversity, they would be rewarded with success.

从前，美国人认为只要他们足够努力，即使在逆境中，他们也会获得成功。

These days, though, the divide between rich and poor is greater than it has ev

er been. Thequestion is, what is it going to take to change things?

然而，如今，贫富之间的差距比以往任何时候都要大。问题是，怎样才能改变现状？

Maybe one day soon real change will actually be made in our nation and the ga

p will beeradicated. But what happens in the meantime?

也许有一天，我们的国家真的会发生真正的变化，差距将被消除。但在此期间会发生什么呢？

Is there something that we can do to help close the gap? Is there something t

hat we can do toprove that a little compassion goes a long way?

我们能做些什么来缩小差距吗？我们能做些什么来证明一点同情心能帮助我们走得更远？

If we want to fix the problem of the income gap, first, we have to understand

it.

如果我们想解决收入差距的问题，首先，我们必须了解它。

It is a grim reality that you can have one person who only makes around $13,0

00 a year, oracross town, another is making millions.

这是一个残酷的现实，可能会有一个人年收入只有1.3万美元左右，或者在城市的另一头，另一个人年收

入数百万美元。

For me, it is kind of astonishing. And if you ask low-income people what's the

one thing thatwill change their life, they'll say "a full-time job."

对我来说，这有点令人惊讶。如果你问低收入人群，什么会改变他们的生活，他们会说“一份全职工作”。

That's all they aspire to. So why is it so difficult for so many people to f

ind employment?

这就是他们所渴望的。那么为什么这么多人找工作这么难呢？

It partly comes down to profit-driven business models that are built around low-

wage work andpart-time jobs that don't provide benefits.

这在一定程度上要归因于利润驱动的商业模式，这种模式建立在低工资工作和不提供福利的兼职工作的基

础上。

Businesses, in order to boost profits, hire employees as part-time workers only.

企业为了提高利润，只雇佣兼职工人。

This means they are paid the lowest legal wage and receive no health care or

other benefitsprovided to full-time employees.

这意味着他们的工资是法定最低的，没有医疗保健或其他福利提供给全职员工。

Simultaneously, technological advancement and a global economy has reduced the dem

and forwell-paying blue-collar jobs here in the United States.

与此同时，技术进步和全球经济的发展降低了美国对高薪蓝领工作的需求。

The cumulative effect of these two factors is that many Americans are forced to

take two ormore part-time jobs, just to make ends meet.

这两个因素的累积效应是，许多美国人被迫做两份或两份以上的兼职工作，只是为了收支相抵。

What has become obvious to me when it comes to the income gap is that there

needs to be anopportunity for the people at the bottom to push them back up a

nd push them into themiddle-class to give them hope in their lives.

在谈到收入差距时，我已经清楚地认识到，底层的人们需要一个机会，把他们推回到中产阶级，让他们的

生活充满希望。

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.

根据你刚刚听到的录音，回答问题第22至25题。

22. What do the surveys show about America according to the speaker?

22. 根据讲者所说，这些调查显示了关于美国的什么情况？

23. What did Americans use to believe?

23. 美国人过去相信什么？

24. What do low-income people aspire to?

24. 低收入人群渴望什么？

25. What do businesses do to increase their revenues?

25. 企业如何增加收入？

(2).

（分数：14.2）

s was but a dream without conscientious effort.

could realize their dreams through hard work. √

C.A few dollars could go a long way.

was shared by all citizens.

解析：

(3).

（分数：14.2）

working conditions.

⁃paying jobs.

social status.

employment. √

解析：

(4).

（分数：14.2）

the administrative costs.

effective business models.

part⁃time employees only. √

use of the latest technology.

解析：

三、Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension(总题数：0，分数：0.00)

Section A(总题数：1，分数：35.50)

Surfing the Internet during class doesn't just steal focus from the educator; it also hurts

students who're already struggling to 【C1】______ the material. A new study from Michigan State

University, though, argues that all students—including high achievers—see a decline in

performance when they browse the Internet during class for non⁃academic purposes.

To measure the effects of Internet⁃based distractions during class, researchers 【C2】______ 500

students taking an introductory psychology class at Michigan State University. Researchers used

ACT scores as a measure of intellectual【C3】______ . Because previous research has shown that

people with high intellectual abilities are better at 【C4】______ out distractions, researchers

believed students with high ACT scores would not show a 【C5】______ decrease in performance due

to their use of digital devices. But students who surfed the web during class did worse on their

exams regardless of their ACT scores, suggesting that even the academically smartest students

are harmed when they're distracted in class.

College professors are increasingly 【C6】______ alarm bells about the effects smartphones, laptops,

and tablets have on academic performance. One 2013 study of college students found that 80% of

students use their phones or laptops during class, with the average student checking their

digital device 11 times in a 【C7】______ class. A quarter of students report that their use

of digital devices during class causes their grades to 【C8】______ .

Professors sometimes implement policies designed to 【C9】______ students' use of digital devices,

and some instructors even confisate（没收） tablets and phones. In a world where people are

increasingly dependent on their phones, though, such strategies often fail. One international

study found that 84% of people say they couldn't go a day without their smartphones. Until students

are able to 【C10】______ the pull of social networking, texting, and endlessly surfing the web,

they may continue to struggle in their classes.

A) aptitude

B) eradication

C) evaluated

D) evaporated

E) filtering

F) grasp

G) legacy

H) minimize

I) obscure

J) obsess

K) raising

L) resist

M) significant

N) suffer

O) typical（分数：35.50）

(1).【C1】（分数：3.55）

F. √

解析：

(2).【C2】（分数：3.55）

C. √

解析：

(3).【C3】（分数：3.55）

A. √

解析：

(4).【C4】（分数：3.55）

E. √

解析：

(5).【C5】（分数：3.55）

M. √

解析：

(6).【C6】（分数：3.55）

K. √

解析：

(7).【C7】（分数：3.55）

O. √

解析：

(8).【C8】（分数：3.55）

N. √

解析：

(9).【C9】（分数：3.55）

H. √

解析：

(10).【C10】（分数：3.55）

L. √

解析：

Section B(总题数：1，分数：71.00)

A Pioneering Woman of Science Re-emerges after 300 Years

[A] Maria Sibylla Merian, like many European women of the 17th century, stayed busy managing

a household and rearing children. But on top of that, Merian, a German-born woman who lived in

the Netherlands, also managed a successful career as an artist, botanist, naturalist and

entomologist (昆虫学家).

[B] “ She was a scientist on the level with a lot of people we spend a lot of time talking

about,” said Kay Etheridge, a biologist at Gettysburg College in Pennsylvania who has been

studying the scientific history of Merian’s work. “ She didn't do as much to change biology

as Charles Darwin, but she was significant.”

[C] At a time when natural history was a valuable tool for discovery, Merian discovered

facts about plants and insects that were not previously known. Her observations helped dismiss

the popular belief that insects spontaneously emerged from mud. The knowledge she collected

over decades didn't just satisfy those curious about nature, but also provided valuable insights

into medicine and science. She was the first to bring together insects and their habitats,

including food they ate, into a single ecological composition.

[D] After years of pleasing a fascinated audience across Europe with books of detailed

descriptions and life-size paintings of familiar insects, in 1699 she sailed with her daughter

nearly 5,000 miles from the Netherlands to South America to study insects in the jungles of what

is now known as Suriname. She was 52 years old. The result was her masterpiece, Metamorphosis

Insectorum Surinamensium.

[E] In her work, she revealed a side of nature so exotic, dramatic and valuable to Europeans

of the time that she received much acclaim. But a century later, her findings came under scientific

criticism. Shod办(粗糙的）reproductions of her work along with setbacks to women’s roles in

18th- and 19th-century Europe resulted in her efforts being largely forgotten. “ It was kind

of stunning when she sort of dropped off into oWimon(遗忘），’’ said Dr. Etheridge. “Victorians

started putting women in a box, and they're still trying to crawl out of it.”

[F] Today, the pioneering woman of the sciences has re-emerged. In recent years, feminists,

historians and artists have all praised Merian’s tenacity坚韦刃），talent and inspirational

artistic compositions. And now biologists like Dr. Etheridge are digging into the scientific texts

that accompanied her art. Three hundred years after her death, Merian will be celebrated at an

international symposium in Amsterdam this June.

[G] And last month, Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium was republished. It contains

60 plates (插图）and original descriptions, along with stories about Merian’s life and updated

scientific descriptions. Before writing Metamorphosis, Merian spent decades documenting European

plants and insects that she published in a series of books. She began in her 20s, making textless,

decorative paintings of flowers with insects. “ Then she got really serious,” Dr. Etheridge

said. Merian started raising insects at home, mostly butterflies and caterpillars. “ She would

sit up all night until they came out of the pupa (蛹)so she could draw them,” she said.

[H] The results of her decades’ worth of careful observations were detailed paintings and

descriptions of European insects, followed by unconventional visuals and stories of insects and

animals from a land that most at the time could only imagine. Ifs possible Merian used a magnifying

glass to capture the detail of the split tongues of sphinx moths (斯芬克斯飞蛾）depicted in the

painting. She wrote that the two tongues combine to form one tube for drinking nectar (花蜜）.Some

criticized this detail later, saying there was just one tongue, but Merian wasn't wrong. She may

have observed the adult moth just as it emerged from its pupa. For a brief moment during that

stage of its life cycle, the tongue consists of two tiny half-tubes before merging into one.

[I] It may not have been ladylike to depict a giant spider devouring a hummingbird, but

when Merian did it at the turn of the 18th century, surprisingly, nobody objected. Dr. Etheridge

called it revolutionary. The image, which also contained novel descriptions of ants, fascinated

a European audience that was more concerned with the exotic story unfolding before them than the

gender of the person who painted it.

[J] “ All of these things shook up their nice, neat little view,” Dr. Etheridge said.

But later, people of the Victorian era thought differently. Her work had been reproduced, sometimes

incorrectly. A few observations were deemed impossible. “She’d been called a silly woman for

saying that a spider could eat a bird,” Dr. Etheridge said. But Henry Walter Bates, a friend

of Charles Darwin, observed it and put it in book in 1863, proving Merian was correct.

[K] In the same plate, Merian depicted and described leaf-cutter ants for the first time.

“ In America there are large ants which can eat whole trees bare as a broom handle in a single

night,” she wrote in the description. Merian noted how the ants took the leaves below ground

to their young. And she wouldn’t have known this at the time, but the ants use the leaves to

farm (菌类） underground to feed their developing babies.

[L] Merian was correct about the giant bird-eating spiders, ants building bridges with their

bodies and other details. But in the same drawing, she incorrectly lumped together army and

leaf-cutter ants. And instead of showing just the typical pair of eggs in a hummingbird nest,

she painted four. She made other mistakes in Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium as well: not

every caterpillar and butterfly matched.

[M] Perhaps one explanation for her mistakes is that she cut short her Suriname trip after

getting sick, and completed the book at home in Amsterdam. And errors are common among some of

history's most-celebrated scientific minds, too. “ These errors no more invalidate Ms. Merian^s

work than do well-known misconceptions published by Charles Darwin or Isaac Newton,” Dr.

Etheridge wrote in a paper that argued that too many have wrongly focused on the mistakes of her

work.

[N] Merian^s paintings inspired artists and ecologists. In an 1801 drawing from his book,

General Zoology Amphibia, George Shaw, an English botanist and zoologist, credited Merian for

describing a frog in the account of her South American expedition, and named the young tree frog

after her in his portrayal of it. It wouldn't be fair to give Merian all the credit. She received

assistance naming plants, making sketches and referencing the work of others. Her daughters helped

her color her drawings.

[O] Merian also made note of the help she received from the natives of Suriname, as well

as slaves or servants that assisted her. In some instances she wrote moving passages that included

her helpers in descriptions. As she wrote in her description of the peacock flower, “ The Indians,

who are nottreated well by their Dutch masters, use the seeds to abort their children, so that

they will not become slaves like themselves. The black slaves from Guinea and Angola have demanded

to be well treated, threatening to refuse to have children. In fact, they sometimes take their

own lives because they are treated so badly, and because they believe they will be born again,

free and living in their own land. They told me this themselves.”

[P] Londa Schiebinger, a professor of the history of science at Stanford University, called

this passage rather astonishing. It's particularly striking centuries later when these issues

are still prominent in public discussions about social justice and women's rights. “ She was

ahead of her time,” Dr. Etheridge said.（分数：71.0）

(1).Merian was the first scientist to study a type of American ant.（分数：7.1）

K. √

解析：

(2).The European audience was more interested in Merian's drawings than her gender.（分数：7.1）

I. √

解析：

(3).Merian's masterpiece came under attack a century after its publication.（分数：7.1）

E. √

解析：

(4).Merian's mistakes in her drawings may be attributed to her shortened stay in South America.

（分数：7.1）

M. √

解析：

(5).Merian often sat up the whole night through to observe and draw insects.（分数：7.1）

G. √

解析：

(6).Merian acknowledged the help she got from natives of South America.（分数：7.1）

O. √

解析：

(7).Merian contributed greatly to people's better understanding of medicine and science.（分

数：7.1）

C. √

解析：

(8).Merian occasionally made mistakes in her drawings of insects and birds.（分数：7.1）

L. √

解析：

(9).Now, Marian’s role as a female forerunner in sciences has been re-established.（分数：7.1）

F. √

解析：

(10).Merian made a long voyage to South America to study jungle insects over three centuries ago.

（分数：7.1）

D. √

解析：

Section C(总题数：2，分数：142.00)

Passage One

While human achievements in mathematics continue to reach new levels of complexity, many of us

who aren't mathematicians at heart (or engineers by trade) may struggle to remember the last time

we used caculus(微积分）.

It's a fact not lost on American educators, who amid rising math failure rates are debating how

math can better meet the real-life needs of students. Should we change the way math is taught

in schools, or eliminate some courses entirely?

Andrew Hacker, Queens College political science professor, thinks that advanced algebra and other

higher-level math should be cut from curricula in favor of courses with more routine usefulness,

like statistics.

“ We hear on all sides that we're not teaching enough mathematics, and the Chinese are running

rings around us,” Hacker says. “I’m suggesting we're teaching too much mathematics to too many

not everybody has to know calculus. If you’re going to become an aeronautical(航空

的） engineer, fine. But most of us aren’t.”

Instead, Hacker is pushing for more courses like the one he teaches at Queens College: Numeracy

101. There, his students of “citizen statistics” learn to analyze public information like the

federal budget and corporate reports. Such courses, Hacker argues, are a remedy for the numerical

illiteracy of adults who have completed high-level math like algebra but are unable to calculate

the price of, say, a carpet by area.

Hacker’s argument has met with opposition from other math educators who say what’s needed is

to help students develop a better relationship with math earlier, rather than teaching them less

math altogether.

Maria Droujkova is a founder of Natural Math, and has taught basic calculus concepts to 5-year-olds.

For Droujkova, high-level math is important, and what it could use in American classrooms is an

injection of childlike wonder.

“Make mathematics more available,” Droujkova says. “Redesign it so it’s more accessible to

more kinds of people: young children, adults who worry about it, adults who may have had bad

experiences.”

Pamela Harris, a lecturer at the University of Texas at Austin , has a similar perspective. Harris

says that American education is suffering from an epidemic of “ fake math” —an emphasis on

the rote memorization(死记硬背)of formulas and steps, rather than an understanding of how math

can influence the ways we see the world.

Andrew Hacker, for the record, remains skeptical.

“ I’m going to leave it to those who are in mathematics to work out the ways to make their subject

interesting and exciting so students want to take it,” Hacker says. “ All that I ask is that

alternatives be offered instead of putting all of us on the road to calculus.”（分数：71.0）

(1).What does the author say about ordinary Americans?（分数：14.2）

struggle to solve math problems.

think math is a complex subject.

find high-level math of little use. √

work hard to learn high-level math.

解析：

(2). What is the general complaint about America's math education according to Hacker?（分数：

14.2）

a is not doing as well as China. √

professors are not doing a good job.

doesn’t help students develop their literacy.

has hardly been any innovation for years.

解析：

(3).What does Andrew Hacker’s Numeracy 101 aim to do?

（分数：14.2）

students to learn high-level math step by step.

students to make practical use of basic math. √

a solid foundation for advanced math studies.

students to develop their analytical abilities.

解析：

(4).What does Maria Droujkova suggest math teachers do in class?（分数：14.2）

complex concepts easy to understand. √

teaching children math at an early age.

children work wonders with calculus.

to arouse students' curiosity in math.

解析：

(5).What does Pamela Harris think should be the goal of math education?（分数：14.2）

enable learners to understand the world better.

help learners to tell fake math from real math.

broaden Americans’ perspectives on math. √

exert influence on world development.

解析：

Passage Two

For years, the U. S. has experienced a shortage of registered nurses. The Bureau of Labor Statistics

projects that while the number of nurses will increase by 19 percent by 2022, demand will grow

faster than supply, and that there will be over one million unfilled nursing jobs by then.

So what’s the solution? Robots.

Japan is ahead of the curve when it comes to this trend. Toyohashi University of Technology has

developed Terapio, a robotic medical cart that can make hospital rounds, deliver medications and

other items, and retrieve records. It follows a specific individual, such as a doctor or nurse,

who can use it to record and access patient data. This type of robot will likely be one of the

first to be implemented in hospitals because it has fairly minimal patient contact.

Robots capable of social engagement help with loneliness as well as cognitive functioning, but

the robot itself doesn’t have to engage directly —it can serve as an intermediary for human

communication. Telepresence robots such as MantaroBot, Vgo, and Giraff can be controlled through

a computer, smartphone, or tablet, allowing family members or doctors to remotely monitor patients

or Skype them, often via a screen where the robofs ‘ face' would be. If you can't get to the

nursing home to visit grandma, you can use a telepresence robot to hang out with her. A 2016 study

found that users had a “ consistently positive attitude ” about the Giraff robot’s ability

to enhance communication and decrease feelings of loneliness.

A robofs appearance affects its ability to successfully interact with humans, which is why the

RIKEN-TRI Collaboration Center for Human-Interactive Robot Research decided to develop a robotic

nurse that looks like a huge teddy bear. RIBA (Robot for Interactive Body Assistance), also known

as “ Robear,” can help patients into and out of wheelchairs and beds with its strong arms.

On the less cute and more scary side there is Actroid F, which is so human-like that some patients

may not know the difference. This conversational robot companion has cameras in its eyes, which

allow it to track patients and use appropriate facial expressions and body language in its

interactions. During a month-long hospital trial, researchers asked 70 patients how they felt

being around the robot and “only three or four said they didn't like having it around.”

It’s important to note that robotic nurses don’t decide courses of treatment or make diagnoses

(though robot doctors and surgeons may not be far off). Instead, they perform routine and laborious

tasks, freeing nurses up to attend to patients with immediate needs. This is one industry where

it seems the integration of robots will lead to collaboration, not replacement.（分数：71.0）

(1).What does the author say about Japan?（分数：14.2）

delivers the best medications for the elderly.

takes the lead in providing robotic care. √

provides retraining for registered nurses.

sets the trend in future robotics technology.

解析：

(2).What do we learn about the robot Terapio?（分数：14.2）

has been put to use in many Japanese hospitals.

provides specific individualized care to patients.

does not have much direct contact with patients. √

has not revolutionized medical service in Japan.

解析：

(3).What are telepresence robots designed to do?（分数：14.2）

ly interact with patients to prevent them from feeling lonely.

to the needs of patients for recovering their cognitive capacity.

y monitor the patients’ movements and conditions around the clock.

tate communication between patients and doctors or family members. √

解析：

(4).What is one special feature of the robot Actroid F?（分数：14.2）

interacts with patients just like a human companion. √

operates quietly without patients realizing its presence.

likes to engage in everyday conversations with patients.

uses body language even more effectively than words.

解析：

(5).What can we infer from the last paragraph?（分数：14.2）

s and surgeons will soon be laid off.

robotics industry will soon take off.

will not make nurses redundant. √

oration will not replace competition.

解析：

四、Part IV Translation(总题数：1，分数：106.50)

中国越来越重视公共图书馆，并鼓励人们充分加以利用。新近公布的统计数字表明，中国的公共图书馆数

量在逐年增长。许多图书馆通过翻新和扩建，为读者创造了更为安静、舒适的环境。大型公共图书馆不仅

提供种类繁多的参考资料，而且定期举办讲座、展览等活动。近年来，也出现了许多数字图书馆，从而节

省了存放图书所需的空间。一些图书馆还推出了自助服务系统，使读者借书还书更加方便，进一步满足了

读者的需求。（分数：106.50）

__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：(

China is attaching increasing importance to public libraries and encouraging people to make full

use of them. Newly released statistics show that the number of public libraries in China is growing

year by year. Many libraries have created a quieter and more comfortable environment for readers

through renovation and expansion. Large public libraries not only provide a wide variety of

reference resources, but also hold regular lectures, exhibitions and other activities. In recent

years, many digital libraries have also been created, thus saving the space needed to store books.

Some libraries have also introduced self- service systems, which make it more convenient for

readers to borrow and return books, further satisfying the needs of readers.