2024年5月15日发(作者：蒙蔚然)
Designation:D792
−
13
StandardTestMethodsfor
DensityandSpecificGravity(RelativeDensity)ofPlastics
byDisplacement
1
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD792;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearof
originaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,rinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.A
superscriptepsilon(´)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.
ThisstandardhasbeenapprovedforusebyagenciesoftheDepartmentofDefense.
*
1.1Thesetestmethodsdescribethedeterminationofthe
specificgravity(relativedensity)anddensityofsolidplastics
informssuchassheets,rods,tubes,ormoldeditems.
1.2Twotestmethodsaredescribed:
1.2.1TestMethodA—Fortestingsolidplasticsinwater,and
1.2.2TestMethodB—Fortestingsolidplasticsinliquids
otherthanwater.
1.3ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthe
standard.
1.4Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthe
safetyconcerns,ifany,e
responsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappro-
priatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplica-
bilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
N
OTE
1—ThisstandardisnotequivalenttoISO1183–
testmethodprovidesmoreguidelinesonsampleweightanddimension.
ISO1183-1allowstestingatanadditionaltemperatureof2762°C.
ofSolids,Liquids,andGases
(Withdrawn1996)
3
E691PracticeforConductinganInterlaboratoryStudyto
DeterminethePrecisionofaTestMethod
IEEE/ASTMSI-10PracticeforUseoftheInternational
SystemofUnits(SI)(theModernizedMetricSystem)
ology
3.1General—Theunits,symbols,andabbreviationsusedin
thesetestmethodsareinaccordancewith
IEEE/ASTMSI-10.
3.2Definitions:
3.2.1specificgravity(relativedensity)—theratioofthe
massofagivenvolumeoftheimpermeableportionofthe
materialat23°Ctothemassofanequalvolumeofgas-free
distilledorde-mineralizedwateratthesametemperature;the
formofexpressionshallbe:
Specificgravity
~
relativedensity
!
23/23°C
~
orspgr23/23°C
!
N
OTE
2—Thisdefinitionisessentiallyequivalenttothedefinitionfor
apparentspecificgravityandapparentdensityinTerminology
E12,
becausethesmallpercentagedifferenceintroducedbynotcorrectingfor
thebuoyancyofairisinsignificantformostpurposes.
ncedDocuments
2.1ASTMStandards:
2
D618PracticeforConditioningPlasticsforTesting
D891TestMethodsforSpecificGravity,Apparent,ofLiquid
IndustrialChemicals
D4968GuideforAnnualReviewofTestMethodsand
SpecificationsforPlastics
D6436GuideforReportingPropertiesforPlasticsand
ThermoplasticElastomers
E1SpecificationforASTMLiquid-in-GlassThermometers
E12TerminologyRelatingtoDensityandSpecificGravity
3.2.2density—cubicmetreofimpermeableportionofthe
materialat23°mofexpressionshallbe:
D
23
,kg/m
3
N
OTE
3—TheSIunitofdensity,asdefinedinIEEE/ASTMSI-10,is
kg/m
3
.Toconvertdensitying/cm
3
todensityinkg/m
3
,multiplyby1000.
N
OTE
4—Toconvertspecificgravity23/23°Ctodensity23°C,kg/m
3
,
usethefollowingequation:
D
23C
,kg/m
3
5spgr23/23°C3997.5
Where997.5kg/m
3
isthedensityofwaterat23°C.
ThesetestmethodsareunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20on
PlasticsandarethedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD20.70onAnalytical
Methods(SectionD20.70.01).
CurrenteditionapprovedNov.1,ally
:
10.1520/D0792-13.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,,or
contactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@ualBookofASTM
Standardsvolumeinformation,refertothestandard’sDocumentSummarypageon
theASTMwebsite.
1
yofTestMethod
4.1Determinethemassofaspecimenofthesolidplasticin
enimmersedinaliquid,itsapparentmassupon
immersionisdetermined,anditsspecificgravity(relative
density)calculated.
Thelastapprovedversionofthishistoricalstandardisreferencedon
.
3
*ASummaryofChangessectionappearsattheendofthisstandard
Copyright©ASTMInternational,100BarrHarborDrive,POBoxC700,WestConshohocken,States
--``,`````,``,``,`,,`,,```````,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Copyright ASTM International
1
D792−13
ficanceandUse
5.1Thespecificgravityordensityofasolidisaproperty
thatisconvenientlymeasuredtoidentifyamaterial,tofollow
physicalchangesinasample,toindicatedegreeofuniformity
amongdifferentsamplingunitsorspecimens,ortoindicatethe
averagedensityofalargeitem.
5.2Changesindensityofasinglematerialaredueto
localizeddifferencesincrystallinity,lossofplasticizer,absorp-
tionofsolvent,ssiblethatportionsof
asampledifferindensitybecauseoftheirdifferencesin
crystallinity,thermalhistory,porosity,andcomposition(types
orproportionsofresin,plasticizer,pigment,orfiller).
5.3Densityisusefulforcalculatingstrength-weightand
cost-weightratios.
ng
6.1Thesamplingunitsusedforthedeterminationofspe-
cificgravity(relativedensity)shallberepresentativeofthe
quantityofproductforwhichthedataarerequired.
6.1.1Ifitisknownorsuspectedthatthesampleconsistsof
twoormorelayersorsectionshavingdifferentspecific
gravities,eithercompletefinishedpartsorcompletecross
sectionsofthepartsorshapesshallbeusedasthespecimens,
orseparatespecimensshallbetakenandtestedfromeach
cificgravity(relativedensity)ofthetotalpart
shallnotbeobtainedbyaddingthespecificgravityofthe
layers,unlessrelativepercentagesofthelayersaretakeninto
account.
ioning
7.1Conditioning—Conditionthetestspecimensat
2362°Cand50610%relativehumidityfornotlessthan40
hpriortotestinaccordancewithProcedureAofPractice
D618,unlessotherwisespecifiedbythecontractorrelevant
materialspecifisofdisagreement,thetolerances
shallbe61°Cand65%relativehumidity.
7.2TestConditions—Conducttestsinthestandardlabora-
toryatmosphereof2362°Cand50610%relativehumidity,
unlessotherwisespecifiedinthisspecificationorbythe
contractorrelevantmaterialspecifisof
disagreement,thetolerancesshallbe61°Cand65%relative
humidity.
TESTMETHODAFORTESTINGSOLIDPLASTICS
INWATER(SPECIMENS1TO50g)
8.1Thistestmethodinvolvesweighingaone-piecespeci-
menof1to50ginwater,usingasinkerwithplasticsthatare
stmethodissuitableforplasticsthat
arewetby,butotherwisenotaffectedbywater.
tus
9.1AnalyticalBalance—Abalancewithaprecisionof0.1
mgorbetterisrequiredformaterialshavingdensitieslessthan
1.00g/cm
3
othermaterialsandsampleweights,abalancewithprecisionof
Copyright ASTM International
1mgorbetterisacceptable(see
Note5).Thebalanceshallbe
equippedwithastationarysupportfortheimmersionvessel
abovethebalancepan(“panstraddle”).
N
OTE
5—Thebalanceshallprovidetheprecisionthatallmaterials
testedhavethreesignificantfithatmaterialswith
differentdensitiesaretestedononesinglebalance,usethebalancethat
providesatleastthreesignificantfiguresforallmaterialsconcerned.
N
OTE
6—Toassurethatthebalancemeetstheperformance
requirements,checkonzeropointandsensitivityfrequentlyandperform
periodiccalibration.
9.2SampleHolder,corrosion-resistant(forexample,wire,
gemholder,etc.).
9.3Sinker—Asinkerforusewithspecimensofplasticsthat
havespecifikershall:(1)be
corrosion-resistant;(2)haveaspecificgravityofnotlessthan
7.0;(3)havesmoothsurfacesandaregularshape;and(4)be
sinkershallhaveanopeningtofacilitateattachmenttothe
specimenandsampleholder.
9.4ImmersionVessel—Abeakerorotherwide-mouthed
vesselforholdingthewaterandimmersedspecimen.
9.5Thermometer—Athermometerreadableto0.1°Cor
better.
als
10.1Water—Thewatershallbesubstantiallyair-freeand
distilledorde-mineralizedwater.
N
OTE
7—Airinwatercanberemovedbyboilingandcoolingthewater,
orbyshakingthewaterundervacuuminaheavy-walledvacuumflask.
(Warning—Useglovesandshielding.)Ifthewaterdoesnotwetthe
specimen,
solutiondoesnotwetthespecimen,MethodBshallbeused.
ecimen
11.1Thetestspecimenshallbeasinglepieceofmaterial
withasizeandshapesuitableforthetestingapparatus,
providedthatitsvolumeshallbenotlessthan1cm
3
andits
cknessofthe
specimenshallbeatleast1mmforeach1gofweight.A
specimenweighing1to5gwasfoundtobeconvenient,but
specimensuptoapproximately50garealsoacceptable(see
Note8).Careshallbetakenincuttingspecimenstoavoid
changesindensityresultingfromcompressivestressesor
frictionalheating.
N
OTE
8—Specificationsforcertainplasticsrequireaparticularmethod
ofspecimenpreparationandshouldbeconsultedifapplicable.
11.2Thespecimenshallbefreefromoil,grease,andother
foreignmatter.
ure
12.1Measureandrecordthewatertemperature.
othenearest0.1mg
forspecimensofmass1to10ganddensitylessthan1.00
g/cm
3
.Weightothenearest1mgforotherspecimens.
12.3Ifnecessary,attachtothebalanceapieceoffinewire
sufficientlylongtoreachfromthehookabovethepantothe
caseattachthe
--``,`````,``,``,`,,`,,```````,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
2
2024年5月15日发(作者：蒙蔚然)
Designation:D792
−
13
StandardTestMethodsfor
DensityandSpecificGravity(RelativeDensity)ofPlastics
byDisplacement
1
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD792;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearof
originaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,rinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.A
superscriptepsilon(´)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.
ThisstandardhasbeenapprovedforusebyagenciesoftheDepartmentofDefense.
*
1.1Thesetestmethodsdescribethedeterminationofthe
specificgravity(relativedensity)anddensityofsolidplastics
informssuchassheets,rods,tubes,ormoldeditems.
1.2Twotestmethodsaredescribed:
1.2.1TestMethodA—Fortestingsolidplasticsinwater,and
1.2.2TestMethodB—Fortestingsolidplasticsinliquids
otherthanwater.
1.3ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthe
standard.
1.4Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthe
safetyconcerns,ifany,e
responsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappro-
priatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplica-
bilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
N
OTE
1—ThisstandardisnotequivalenttoISO1183–
testmethodprovidesmoreguidelinesonsampleweightanddimension.
ISO1183-1allowstestingatanadditionaltemperatureof2762°C.
ofSolids,Liquids,andGases
(Withdrawn1996)
3
E691PracticeforConductinganInterlaboratoryStudyto
DeterminethePrecisionofaTestMethod
IEEE/ASTMSI-10PracticeforUseoftheInternational
SystemofUnits(SI)(theModernizedMetricSystem)
ology
3.1General—Theunits,symbols,andabbreviationsusedin
thesetestmethodsareinaccordancewith
IEEE/ASTMSI-10.
3.2Definitions:
3.2.1specificgravity(relativedensity)—theratioofthe
massofagivenvolumeoftheimpermeableportionofthe
materialat23°Ctothemassofanequalvolumeofgas-free
distilledorde-mineralizedwateratthesametemperature;the
formofexpressionshallbe:
Specificgravity
~
relativedensity
!
23/23°C
~
orspgr23/23°C
!
N
OTE
2—Thisdefinitionisessentiallyequivalenttothedefinitionfor
apparentspecificgravityandapparentdensityinTerminology
E12,
becausethesmallpercentagedifferenceintroducedbynotcorrectingfor
thebuoyancyofairisinsignificantformostpurposes.
ncedDocuments
2.1ASTMStandards:
2
D618PracticeforConditioningPlasticsforTesting
D891TestMethodsforSpecificGravity,Apparent,ofLiquid
IndustrialChemicals
D4968GuideforAnnualReviewofTestMethodsand
SpecificationsforPlastics
D6436GuideforReportingPropertiesforPlasticsand
ThermoplasticElastomers
E1SpecificationforASTMLiquid-in-GlassThermometers
E12TerminologyRelatingtoDensityandSpecificGravity
3.2.2density—cubicmetreofimpermeableportionofthe
materialat23°mofexpressionshallbe:
D
23
,kg/m
3
N
OTE
3—TheSIunitofdensity,asdefinedinIEEE/ASTMSI-10,is
kg/m
3
.Toconvertdensitying/cm
3
todensityinkg/m
3
,multiplyby1000.
N
OTE
4—Toconvertspecificgravity23/23°Ctodensity23°C,kg/m
3
,
usethefollowingequation:
D
23C
,kg/m
3
5spgr23/23°C3997.5
Where997.5kg/m
3
isthedensityofwaterat23°C.
ThesetestmethodsareunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20on
PlasticsandarethedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD20.70onAnalytical
Methods(SectionD20.70.01).
CurrenteditionapprovedNov.1,ally
:
10.1520/D0792-13.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,,or
contactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@ualBookofASTM
Standardsvolumeinformation,refertothestandard’sDocumentSummarypageon
theASTMwebsite.
1
yofTestMethod
4.1Determinethemassofaspecimenofthesolidplasticin
enimmersedinaliquid,itsapparentmassupon
immersionisdetermined,anditsspecificgravity(relative
density)calculated.
Thelastapprovedversionofthishistoricalstandardisreferencedon
.
3
*ASummaryofChangessectionappearsattheendofthisstandard
Copyright©ASTMInternational,100BarrHarborDrive,POBoxC700,WestConshohocken,States
--``,`````,``,``,`,,`,,```````,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Copyright ASTM International
1
D792−13
ficanceandUse
5.1Thespecificgravityordensityofasolidisaproperty
thatisconvenientlymeasuredtoidentifyamaterial,tofollow
physicalchangesinasample,toindicatedegreeofuniformity
amongdifferentsamplingunitsorspecimens,ortoindicatethe
averagedensityofalargeitem.
5.2Changesindensityofasinglematerialaredueto
localizeddifferencesincrystallinity,lossofplasticizer,absorp-
tionofsolvent,ssiblethatportionsof
asampledifferindensitybecauseoftheirdifferencesin
crystallinity,thermalhistory,porosity,andcomposition(types
orproportionsofresin,plasticizer,pigment,orfiller).
5.3Densityisusefulforcalculatingstrength-weightand
cost-weightratios.
ng
6.1Thesamplingunitsusedforthedeterminationofspe-
cificgravity(relativedensity)shallberepresentativeofthe
quantityofproductforwhichthedataarerequired.
6.1.1Ifitisknownorsuspectedthatthesampleconsistsof
twoormorelayersorsectionshavingdifferentspecific
gravities,eithercompletefinishedpartsorcompletecross
sectionsofthepartsorshapesshallbeusedasthespecimens,
orseparatespecimensshallbetakenandtestedfromeach
cificgravity(relativedensity)ofthetotalpart
shallnotbeobtainedbyaddingthespecificgravityofthe
layers,unlessrelativepercentagesofthelayersaretakeninto
account.
ioning
7.1Conditioning—Conditionthetestspecimensat
2362°Cand50610%relativehumidityfornotlessthan40
hpriortotestinaccordancewithProcedureAofPractice
D618,unlessotherwisespecifiedbythecontractorrelevant
materialspecifisofdisagreement,thetolerances
shallbe61°Cand65%relativehumidity.
7.2TestConditions—Conducttestsinthestandardlabora-
toryatmosphereof2362°Cand50610%relativehumidity,
unlessotherwisespecifiedinthisspecificationorbythe
contractorrelevantmaterialspecifisof
disagreement,thetolerancesshallbe61°Cand65%relative
humidity.
TESTMETHODAFORTESTINGSOLIDPLASTICS
INWATER(SPECIMENS1TO50g)
8.1Thistestmethodinvolvesweighingaone-piecespeci-
menof1to50ginwater,usingasinkerwithplasticsthatare
stmethodissuitableforplasticsthat
arewetby,butotherwisenotaffectedbywater.
tus
9.1AnalyticalBalance—Abalancewithaprecisionof0.1
mgorbetterisrequiredformaterialshavingdensitieslessthan
1.00g/cm
3
othermaterialsandsampleweights,abalancewithprecisionof
Copyright ASTM International
1mgorbetterisacceptable(see
Note5).Thebalanceshallbe
equippedwithastationarysupportfortheimmersionvessel
abovethebalancepan(“panstraddle”).
N
OTE
5—Thebalanceshallprovidetheprecisionthatallmaterials
testedhavethreesignificantfithatmaterialswith
differentdensitiesaretestedononesinglebalance,usethebalancethat
providesatleastthreesignificantfiguresforallmaterialsconcerned.
N
OTE
6—Toassurethatthebalancemeetstheperformance
requirements,checkonzeropointandsensitivityfrequentlyandperform
periodiccalibration.
9.2SampleHolder,corrosion-resistant(forexample,wire,
gemholder,etc.).
9.3Sinker—Asinkerforusewithspecimensofplasticsthat
havespecifikershall:(1)be
corrosion-resistant;(2)haveaspecificgravityofnotlessthan
7.0;(3)havesmoothsurfacesandaregularshape;and(4)be
sinkershallhaveanopeningtofacilitateattachmenttothe
specimenandsampleholder.
9.4ImmersionVessel—Abeakerorotherwide-mouthed
vesselforholdingthewaterandimmersedspecimen.
9.5Thermometer—Athermometerreadableto0.1°Cor
better.
als
10.1Water—Thewatershallbesubstantiallyair-freeand
distilledorde-mineralizedwater.
N
OTE
7—Airinwatercanberemovedbyboilingandcoolingthewater,
orbyshakingthewaterundervacuuminaheavy-walledvacuumflask.
(Warning—Useglovesandshielding.)Ifthewaterdoesnotwetthe
specimen,
solutiondoesnotwetthespecimen,MethodBshallbeused.
ecimen
11.1Thetestspecimenshallbeasinglepieceofmaterial
withasizeandshapesuitableforthetestingapparatus,
providedthatitsvolumeshallbenotlessthan1cm
3
andits
cknessofthe
specimenshallbeatleast1mmforeach1gofweight.A
specimenweighing1to5gwasfoundtobeconvenient,but
specimensuptoapproximately50garealsoacceptable(see
Note8).Careshallbetakenincuttingspecimenstoavoid
changesindensityresultingfromcompressivestressesor
frictionalheating.
N
OTE
8—Specificationsforcertainplasticsrequireaparticularmethod
ofspecimenpreparationandshouldbeconsultedifapplicable.
11.2Thespecimenshallbefreefromoil,grease,andother
foreignmatter.
ure
12.1Measureandrecordthewatertemperature.
othenearest0.1mg
forspecimensofmass1to10ganddensitylessthan1.00
g/cm
3
.Weightothenearest1mgforotherspecimens.
12.3Ifnecessary,attachtothebalanceapieceoffinewire
sufficientlylongtoreachfromthehookabovethepantothe
caseattachthe
--``,`````,``,``,`,,`,,```````,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
2