2024年5月21日发(作者：冷晓)
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO45阅读Passage3原文文本+题目+答案
解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
Feeding Strategies in the Ocean
In the open sea,animals can often find food reliably available in particular
regions or seasons(e g.,in coastal areas in springtime).In these
circumstances,animals are neither constrained to get the last calorie out of their
diet nor is energy conservation a high contrast,the food levels in the
deeper layers of the ocean are greatly reduced,and the energy constraints on the
animals are much more survive at those levels,animals must maximize their
energy input,finding and eating whatever potential food source may be present.
In the near-surface layers,there are many large,fast carnivores as well as an
immense variety of planktonic animals,which feed on plankton(small,free-floating
plants or animals)by filtering them from currents of water that pass through a
specialized anatomical filter-feeders thrive in the well-
illuminated surface waters because oceans have so many very small organisms,from
bacteria to large algae to larval fishes can become successful
filter-feeders in some gh the vast majority of marine fishes are
carnivores,in near-surface regions of high productivity the concentrations of larger
phytoplankton(the plant component of plankton)are sufficient to support huge
populations of filter-feeding sardines and small fishes use their
gill filaments to strain out the algae that dominate such es and anchovies
provide the basis for huge commercial fisheries as well as a food resource for large
numbers of local carnivores,particularly a much larger scale,baleen
whales and whale sharks are also efficient filter-feeders in productive coastal or
polar waters,although their filtered particles comprise small animals such as
copepods and krill rather than phytoplankton.
Filtering seawater for its particulate nutritional content can be an
energetically demanding method of feeding,particularly when the current of water to
be filtered has to be generated by the organism itself,as is the case for all
planktonic ulate organic matter of at least 2.5 micrograms per cubic
liter is required to provide a filter-feeding planktonic organism with a net energy
value is easily exceeded in most coastal waters,but in the deep sea,the
levels of organic matter range from next to nothing to around 7 micrograms per cubic
though mean levels may mask much higher local concentrations,it is still
the case that many deep-sea animals are exposed to conditions in which a normal filter-
feeder would starve.
There are,therefore,fewer successful filter-feeders in deep water,and some of
those that are there have larger filtering systems to cope with the scarcity of
r solution for such animals is to forage in particular layers of water
where the particles may be more of the groups of animals that typify
the filter-feeding lifestyle in shallow water have deep-sea representatives that have
become filtering systems,which reach such a high degree of
development in shallow-water species,are greatly ative methods of
active or passive prey capture have been evolved,including trapping and seizing
prey,entangling prey,and sticky tentacles.
■A In the deeper waters of the oceans,there is a much greater tendency for animals
to await the arrival of food particles or prey rather than to search them out
actively(thus minimizing energy expenditure).■B This has resulted in a more stealthy
style of feeding,with the consequent emphasis on lures and/or the evolution of
elongated appendages that increase the active volume of water controlled or monitored
by the animal.■C Another consequence of the limited availability of prey is that
many animals have developed ways of coping with much larger food particles,relative
to their own body size,than the equivalent shallower species can process.■D Among
the fishes there is a tendency for the teeth and jaws to become appreciably
such creatures,are the teeth hugely enlarged and/or the jaws elongated but the size
of the mouth opening may be greatly increased by making the jaw articulations so
flexible that they can be effectively large or long teeth provide
almost no room for cutting the prey into a convenient size for swallowing,the fish
must gulp the prey down whole.
Paragraph 1
In the open sea,animals can often find food reliably available in particular
regions or seasons(e g.,in coastal areas in springtime).In these
circumstances,animals are neither constrained to get the last calorie out of their
diet nor is energy conservation a high contrast,the food levels in the
deeper layers of the ocean are greatly reduced,and the energy constraints on the
animals are much more survive at those levels,animals must maximize their
energy input,finding and eating whatever potential food source may be present.
word"severe"in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to
e
x
ate
can be inferred from paragraph 1 about why energy conservation is not a
high priority for ocean animals in coastal waters during the spring?
2024年5月21日发(作者：冷晓)
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO45阅读Passage3原文文本+题目+答案
解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
Feeding Strategies in the Ocean
In the open sea,animals can often find food reliably available in particular
regions or seasons(e g.,in coastal areas in springtime).In these
circumstances,animals are neither constrained to get the last calorie out of their
diet nor is energy conservation a high contrast,the food levels in the
deeper layers of the ocean are greatly reduced,and the energy constraints on the
animals are much more survive at those levels,animals must maximize their
energy input,finding and eating whatever potential food source may be present.
In the near-surface layers,there are many large,fast carnivores as well as an
immense variety of planktonic animals,which feed on plankton(small,free-floating
plants or animals)by filtering them from currents of water that pass through a
specialized anatomical filter-feeders thrive in the well-
illuminated surface waters because oceans have so many very small organisms,from
bacteria to large algae to larval fishes can become successful
filter-feeders in some gh the vast majority of marine fishes are
carnivores,in near-surface regions of high productivity the concentrations of larger
phytoplankton(the plant component of plankton)are sufficient to support huge
populations of filter-feeding sardines and small fishes use their
gill filaments to strain out the algae that dominate such es and anchovies
provide the basis for huge commercial fisheries as well as a food resource for large
numbers of local carnivores,particularly a much larger scale,baleen
whales and whale sharks are also efficient filter-feeders in productive coastal or
polar waters,although their filtered particles comprise small animals such as
copepods and krill rather than phytoplankton.
Filtering seawater for its particulate nutritional content can be an
energetically demanding method of feeding,particularly when the current of water to
be filtered has to be generated by the organism itself,as is the case for all
planktonic ulate organic matter of at least 2.5 micrograms per cubic
liter is required to provide a filter-feeding planktonic organism with a net energy
value is easily exceeded in most coastal waters,but in the deep sea,the
levels of organic matter range from next to nothing to around 7 micrograms per cubic
though mean levels may mask much higher local concentrations,it is still
the case that many deep-sea animals are exposed to conditions in which a normal filter-
feeder would starve.
There are,therefore,fewer successful filter-feeders in deep water,and some of
those that are there have larger filtering systems to cope with the scarcity of
r solution for such animals is to forage in particular layers of water
where the particles may be more of the groups of animals that typify
the filter-feeding lifestyle in shallow water have deep-sea representatives that have
become filtering systems,which reach such a high degree of
development in shallow-water species,are greatly ative methods of
active or passive prey capture have been evolved,including trapping and seizing
prey,entangling prey,and sticky tentacles.
■A In the deeper waters of the oceans,there is a much greater tendency for animals
to await the arrival of food particles or prey rather than to search them out
actively(thus minimizing energy expenditure).■B This has resulted in a more stealthy
style of feeding,with the consequent emphasis on lures and/or the evolution of
elongated appendages that increase the active volume of water controlled or monitored
by the animal.■C Another consequence of the limited availability of prey is that
many animals have developed ways of coping with much larger food particles,relative
to their own body size,than the equivalent shallower species can process.■D Among
the fishes there is a tendency for the teeth and jaws to become appreciably
such creatures,are the teeth hugely enlarged and/or the jaws elongated but the size
of the mouth opening may be greatly increased by making the jaw articulations so
flexible that they can be effectively large or long teeth provide
almost no room for cutting the prey into a convenient size for swallowing,the fish
must gulp the prey down whole.
Paragraph 1
In the open sea,animals can often find food reliably available in particular
regions or seasons(e g.,in coastal areas in springtime).In these
circumstances,animals are neither constrained to get the last calorie out of their
diet nor is energy conservation a high contrast,the food levels in the
deeper layers of the ocean are greatly reduced,and the energy constraints on the
animals are much more survive at those levels,animals must maximize their
energy input,finding and eating whatever potential food source may be present.
word"severe"in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to
e
x
ate
can be inferred from paragraph 1 about why energy conservation is not a
high priority for ocean animals in coastal waters during the spring?