2024年5月30日发(作者：东郭清宁)
Term (English)Definition (English)Term (Chinese)Chinese Definition
abandoned property
property left behind intentionally and permanently when it
appears that the former owner does not intend to come
back, pick it up, or use it. One may have abandoned the
property of contract rights by not doing what is required by
the contract. However, an easement and other land rights
废弃物业
are not abandoned property just because of nonuse.
Abandoned land is defined as land not being used at the
present time but that may have utilities and infrastructure in
place.
有意和永久遗留下的财产，且之前的业主似乎并不准备
回来认领或使用之。 未履行合同要求可视为放弃合同财
产（物业）的权益。 但是，地役权和其他土地权益不能
只因为未使用而视为废弃财产（物业）。 废弃土地被定
义为目前未使用的土地，但可能有现成的公用设施和基
础设施。
adapted plant
vegetation that is not native to a particular region but that
has characteristics that allow it to live in the area. Adapted
plants do not pose the same problems as invasive species.
适应性植物
不是特定区域原生的植物，但拥有可以让其在该区域生
存的特性。 适应性植物不会带来与入侵物种一样的问题
。
added antimicrobial
treatment
a substance added to a product (e.g., paint, flooring) to kill
or inhibit the growth of microorganisms. Some products,
such as linoleum, exhibit natural antimicrobial properties.
Despite current practice, science has not proven that
antimicrobial treatments reduce infection transfer in
building finishes more effectively than standard cleaning
procedures. Also known as added microbial agent. See U.S.
EPA factsheet, Consumer Products Treated with Pesticides
(/pesticides factsheets/).
a site having at least a continuous 25% of its boundary
bordering parcels that are previously developed sites. Only
consider bordering parcels, not intervening rights-of-way.
Any fraction of the boundary that borders a water body is
excluded from the calculation.
抗菌处理添加剂
添加到产品（如，油漆、地板）中以杀死或抑制微生物
生长的物质。 某些产品，如油毡，具有天然的抗菌特性
。 尽管目前有所实践，科学尚未证明抗菌处理能比标准
清洁程序更有效地减少建筑饰面中细菌的感染传播。 也
被称为微生物添加剂。 参见美国环保局事实表《经杀虫
剂处理的消费类产品》(/pesticides
factsheets/)。
adjacent site
相连场址
至少有 25% 的连续边界与先前已开发场址地块接壤的场
址。 仅考虑不干扰道路用地的接壤地块。 计算中不考虑
任何与水体接壤的边界部分。
alternative daily cover
(ADC)
material other than earthen material placed on the surface
of the active face of a municipal solid waste landfill at the
end of each operating day to control vectors, fires, odors,
每日覆盖替代材料
blowing litter, and scavenging. Generally these materials
(ADC)
must be processed so they do not allow gaps in the exposed
landfill face. (CalRecycle)
土质材料除外的一种材料，每个运营日结束时，放在城
市固体废物填埋场作用面的表面，用于控制病菌、火灾
、气味，防止垃圾被吹飞，以及防止人员捡拾垃圾堆里
的东西。一般来说这些材料必须经过处理，这样才不会
在裸露的垃圾填埋场表面留下空隙。(CalRecycle)
alternative fuel
low-polluting, nongasoline fuels such as electricity,
hydrogen, propane, compressed natural gas, liquid natural
gas, methanol, and ethanol
替代燃料
低污染非汽油燃料，如电力、氢气、丙烷、压缩天然气
、液化天然气、甲醇及乙醇
nonpotable water from other than public utilities, on-site
surface sources, and subsurface natural freshwater sources.
alternative water sourceExamples include graywater, on-site reclaimed water,
替代性水资源
collected rainwater, captured condensate, and rejected
water from reverse osmosis systems (IgCC).
a metric that describes the potential for visual discomfort in
interior work environments. It is defined as the percentage
annual sunlight
年阳光照射度 (ASE)
of an analysis area that exceeds a specified direct sunlight
exposure (ASE)
illuminance level more than a specified number of hours per
year.
a built-in, nonstructural portion of a roof system. Examples
appurtenanceinclude skylights, ventilators, mechanical equipment,
附属构件
partitions, and solar energy panels.
reports the percentage of sensors in the analysis area, using
a maximum 2-foot spacing between points, that are found to
be exposed to more than 1000 lux of direct sunlight for more
ASE1000,250
than 250 hours per year, before any operable blinds or
shades are deployed to block sunlight, considering the same
10 hour/day analysis period as sDA and using comparable
simulation methods
a product formulated from multiple materials (e.g.,
组合材料
concrete) or a product made up of subcomponents (e.g., a
workstation)
the limits used by school districts to determine what school
学生活动边界
students attend based on where they live
the illumination output for light-emitting diode lamps, as
specified in the International Commission on Illumination
平均 LED 密度 (ALI)
Standard 127–2007
materials and products that make up the building or are
permanently and semi-permanently installed in the project
基本建筑
(e.g., flooring, casework, wall coverings)
the annual energy cost for a building design, used as a
建筑性能基线
baseline for comparison with above-standard design
除来自公共设施、场址内地表水源和地下天然淡水水源
以外的非饮用水， 包括灰水、场址内再生水、收集的雨
水、收集的冷凝水，以及反渗透系统 (IgCC) 的工艺废水
。
一种描述室内工作环境潜在视觉不适程度的指标。 被定
义为分析区域中超出指定阳光直射照明等级的时间超过
指定小时数的面积百分比。
屋面系统内置的非结构部分。 包括天窗、通风装置、机
械设备、隔断和太阳能板。
使用最大 2 英尺的点间距，考虑将相同的 10 小时/天分
析期作为 sDA，并使用可比的模拟方法，报告分析区域
中在安装活动窗帘或遮阳设备以阻挡阳光之前，每年暴
露在超过 1000 勒克斯直射阳光下超过 250 小时的传感器
的百分比
由多种材料组成的产品（例如，混凝土），或者由子部
件组成的产品（如工作站）
教育局用来根据学生居住的地方来确定学生上哪所学校
的边界
发光二极管灯的照明输出，由国际照明委员会标准 127–
2007 指定
组成建筑的，或者永久性和半永久性安装在项目中的材
料和产品（如地板、箱柜、墙面）
建筑设计的年能源成本，用于与高于标准要求的设计进
行比较的基线
ASE1000,250
assembly
attendance boundary
average LED intensity
(ALI)
base building
baseline building
performance
baseline condition
baseline water
consumption
before the LEED project was initiated, but not necessarily
before any development or disturbance took place. Baseline
conditions describe the state of the project site on the date
场址基本状况
the developer acquired rights to a majority of its buildable
land through purchase or option to purchase.
a calculated projection of building water use assuming
code-compliant fixtures and fittings with no additional
用水量基线
savings compared with the design case or actual water
meter data
the information necessary to accomplish the owner’s
project requirements, including system descriptions, indoor
environmental quality criteria, design assumptions, and
references to applicable codes, standards, regulations, and
guidelines
a continuous network consisting of any combination of the
following 1) off street bicycle paths or trails at least 8 feet
(2.5 meters) wide for a two-way path and at least 5 feet (1.5
meters) wide for a one-way path 2) physically designated
on-street bicycle lanes at least 5 feet (1.5 meters) wide 3)
streets designed for a target speed of 25 mph (40 kmh)
the distance that a bicyclist must travel between origins and
destinations, the entirety of which must be on a bicycle
network.
commercial or industrial products (other than food or feed)
that are composed in whole, or in significant part, of
biological products, renewable agricultural materials
(including plant, animal, and marine materials), or forestry
materials. For the purposes of LEED, this excludes leather
and other animal hides.
wastewater containing urine or fecal matter that should be
discharged to the sanitary drainage system of the building or
premises in accordance with the International Plumbing
Code. Wastewater from kitchen sinks (sometimes
differentiated by the use of a garbage disposal), showers, or
bathtubs is considered blackwater under some state or local
codes.
the removal of makeup water from a cooling tower or
evaporative condenser recirculation system to reduce
concentrations of dissolved solids
real property or the expansion, redevelopment, or reuse of
which may be complicated by the presence or possible
presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or
contaminant.
a luminaire classification system that classifies luminaires
in terms of backlight (B), uplight (U), and glare (G) (taken
from IES/IDA Model Lighting Ordinance). BUG ratings
supersede the former cutoff ratings.
the portion of the site where construction can occur,
including land voluntarily set aside and not constructed on.
When used in density calculations, buildable land excludes
public rights-of-way and land excluded from development
by codified law.
a structure’s primary and secondary weatherproofing
system, including waterproofing membranes and air- and
water-resistant barrier materials, and all building elements
outside that system
everything inside a structure’s weatherproofing membrane
设计基础要求 (BOD)
在 LEED 项目开始之前，但是不一定要在开发或施工开
始之前。 场址基本状况描述了在开发商通过购买或购买
选择权获得大部分可建土地的权利那天项目场址的状态
。
与项目设计或实际水表数相比，在采用符合规范且此外
不会节省更多用水的设备及配件时，对建筑用水量的计
算预测
完成业主项目任务书所需的信息，包括系统介绍、室内
环境质量条件、设计假设和对适用条例、标准、规范和
指南的参考
由以下任意组合构成的连续网络 1) 街道外的自行车道或
小径，双车道至少 8 英尺（2.5 米）宽，单车道至少 5 英
尺（1.5 米）宽 2) 在街道上实际指定的至少 5 英尺（1.5
米）宽的自行车道 3) 设计速度为 25 mph (40 km/h) 的街
道
骑自行车的人必须在起点和终点之间骑行的距离，整个
骑行过程都必须在自行车道网络中进行。
完全或大部分由生物制品、可再生农业材料（包括植物
、动物和海洋生物）或林业材料构成的商业或工业产品
（食品或饲料除外）。 就 LEED 而言，这不包括皮革和
其他动物皮。
含有尿或粪便，且应被排放到符合国际管道规范的建筑
或住房卫生排水系统的废水。 根据某些州或地方法规，
厨房水槽（有时会根据垃圾处理的使用情况进行区分）
、淋浴或浴缸废水被视为污水。
从冷却塔或蒸发式冷凝器循环系统中去除补给水以降低
溶解固体的浓度
因含有或可能含有危害性物质、污染物或致污物而使得
扩大、再开发或再利用变得复杂的不动产。
一种光源分级系统，按照背光源 (B)、向上照射的灯 (U)
和眩光 (G) 对光源进行分级（依据 IES/IDA 照明条例范
本）。 BUG 评级取代之前的截光评级。
可以进行建造的场址部分，包括自愿预留和未建造的土
地。 在密度计算中使用时，可建造土地不包括公共道路
用地和现行法律禁止开发的土地。
建筑的主要和辅助防水系统，包括防水膜以及密封和防
水阻隔材料，以及该系统外的所有建筑构件
建筑防水/防潮层以内的所有构件
经过改善的公车系统，只在公车专用车道或其他公交道
路用地上运营。 该系统旨在将公车的灵活性与轨道的效
率相结合。
为补偿其他地点的碳排放而减少、避免或隔离的二氧化
碳当量单位（世界资源研究所）
用于跟踪产品的程序，从收获或萃取到其最终用途，包
括加工、转化、制造及分销这几个连续的阶段
深入细致的多方研讨会，将不同学科和背景的人聚集到
一起来探索、形成和共同制定设计方案
basis of design (BOD)
bicycle network
自行车道网络
bicycling distance
自行车骑行距离
bio-based material
生物基材料
blackwater
污水
blowdown
排放
brownfield
褐地
BUG rating
BUG 评级
buildable land
可建造土地
building exterior
building interior
bus rapid transit
建筑外构造
建筑室内
an enhanced bus system that operates on exclusive bus
lanes or other transit rights-of-way. The system is designed
公车快速/专用通道
to combine the flexibility of buses with the efficiency of rail.
a unit of carbon dioxide equivalent that is reduced, avoided,
or sequestered to compensate for emissions occurring
elsewhere (World Resources Institute)
a procedure that tracks a product from the point of harvest
or extraction to its end use, including all successive stages of
processing, transformation, manufacturing, and distribution
an intensive, multiparty workshop that brings people from
different disciplines and backgrounds together to explore,
generate, and collaboratively produce design options
a fluid, containing hydrocarbons, that absorbs heat from a
reservoir at low temperatures and rejects heat at higher
temperatures. When emitted into the atmosphere, CFCs
cause depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer.
碳补偿
carbon offset
chain of custody (CoC)
监管链 (CoC)
charrette
专家研讨会
chlorofluorocarbon
(CFC)-based refrigerant
一种含有氯氟化碳的液体，在低温条件下从储液器中吸
氯氟化碳 (CFC) 型冷媒
热并在高温条件下散热。 排放到大气中以后，CFC 会消
耗平流层的臭氧层。
早上（黎明）或晚上（黄昏）太阳中心线在地平线以下
6 度的时间。 在天气良好的情况下，民用曙暮光是明确
区分地面物体的最佳时间。 早上在民用曙暮光之前，以
及晚上在民用曙暮光之后，一般来说都需要人工照明以
进行普通户外活动。
定期占用并用于教育活动的空间。 在这种空间里，主要
功能就是教学，良好的语言沟通对学生的学术成就至关
重要。 （引自 NSI S12.60）
civil twilight
classroom or core
learning space
the point in time in the morning (dawn) or evening (dusk)
when the center of the sun is geometrically 6 degrees below
the horizon. Under good weather conditions, civil twilight is
the best time to distinguish terrestrial objects clearly. Before
民用曙暮光
civil twilight in the morning and after civil twilight in the
evening, artificial illumination normally is required to carry
on ordinary outdoor activities.
a space that is regularly occupied and used for educational
activities. In such space, the primary functions are teaching
and learning, and good speech communication is critical to
教室或核心学习空间
students’ academic achievement. (Adapted from ANSI
S12.60)
2024年5月30日发(作者：东郭清宁)
Term (English)Definition (English)Term (Chinese)Chinese Definition
abandoned property
property left behind intentionally and permanently when it
appears that the former owner does not intend to come
back, pick it up, or use it. One may have abandoned the
property of contract rights by not doing what is required by
the contract. However, an easement and other land rights
废弃物业
are not abandoned property just because of nonuse.
Abandoned land is defined as land not being used at the
present time but that may have utilities and infrastructure in
place.
有意和永久遗留下的财产，且之前的业主似乎并不准备
回来认领或使用之。 未履行合同要求可视为放弃合同财
产（物业）的权益。 但是，地役权和其他土地权益不能
只因为未使用而视为废弃财产（物业）。 废弃土地被定
义为目前未使用的土地，但可能有现成的公用设施和基
础设施。
adapted plant
vegetation that is not native to a particular region but that
has characteristics that allow it to live in the area. Adapted
plants do not pose the same problems as invasive species.
适应性植物
不是特定区域原生的植物，但拥有可以让其在该区域生
存的特性。 适应性植物不会带来与入侵物种一样的问题
。
added antimicrobial
treatment
a substance added to a product (e.g., paint, flooring) to kill
or inhibit the growth of microorganisms. Some products,
such as linoleum, exhibit natural antimicrobial properties.
Despite current practice, science has not proven that
antimicrobial treatments reduce infection transfer in
building finishes more effectively than standard cleaning
procedures. Also known as added microbial agent. See U.S.
EPA factsheet, Consumer Products Treated with Pesticides
(/pesticides factsheets/).
a site having at least a continuous 25% of its boundary
bordering parcels that are previously developed sites. Only
consider bordering parcels, not intervening rights-of-way.
Any fraction of the boundary that borders a water body is
excluded from the calculation.
抗菌处理添加剂
添加到产品（如，油漆、地板）中以杀死或抑制微生物
生长的物质。 某些产品，如油毡，具有天然的抗菌特性
。 尽管目前有所实践，科学尚未证明抗菌处理能比标准
清洁程序更有效地减少建筑饰面中细菌的感染传播。 也
被称为微生物添加剂。 参见美国环保局事实表《经杀虫
剂处理的消费类产品》(/pesticides
factsheets/)。
adjacent site
相连场址
至少有 25% 的连续边界与先前已开发场址地块接壤的场
址。 仅考虑不干扰道路用地的接壤地块。 计算中不考虑
任何与水体接壤的边界部分。
alternative daily cover
(ADC)
material other than earthen material placed on the surface
of the active face of a municipal solid waste landfill at the
end of each operating day to control vectors, fires, odors,
每日覆盖替代材料
blowing litter, and scavenging. Generally these materials
(ADC)
must be processed so they do not allow gaps in the exposed
landfill face. (CalRecycle)
土质材料除外的一种材料，每个运营日结束时，放在城
市固体废物填埋场作用面的表面，用于控制病菌、火灾
、气味，防止垃圾被吹飞，以及防止人员捡拾垃圾堆里
的东西。一般来说这些材料必须经过处理，这样才不会
在裸露的垃圾填埋场表面留下空隙。(CalRecycle)
alternative fuel
low-polluting, nongasoline fuels such as electricity,
hydrogen, propane, compressed natural gas, liquid natural
gas, methanol, and ethanol
替代燃料
低污染非汽油燃料，如电力、氢气、丙烷、压缩天然气
、液化天然气、甲醇及乙醇
nonpotable water from other than public utilities, on-site
surface sources, and subsurface natural freshwater sources.
alternative water sourceExamples include graywater, on-site reclaimed water,
替代性水资源
collected rainwater, captured condensate, and rejected
water from reverse osmosis systems (IgCC).
a metric that describes the potential for visual discomfort in
interior work environments. It is defined as the percentage
annual sunlight
年阳光照射度 (ASE)
of an analysis area that exceeds a specified direct sunlight
exposure (ASE)
illuminance level more than a specified number of hours per
year.
a built-in, nonstructural portion of a roof system. Examples
appurtenanceinclude skylights, ventilators, mechanical equipment,
附属构件
partitions, and solar energy panels.
reports the percentage of sensors in the analysis area, using
a maximum 2-foot spacing between points, that are found to
be exposed to more than 1000 lux of direct sunlight for more
ASE1000,250
than 250 hours per year, before any operable blinds or
shades are deployed to block sunlight, considering the same
10 hour/day analysis period as sDA and using comparable
simulation methods
a product formulated from multiple materials (e.g.,
组合材料
concrete) or a product made up of subcomponents (e.g., a
workstation)
the limits used by school districts to determine what school
学生活动边界
students attend based on where they live
the illumination output for light-emitting diode lamps, as
specified in the International Commission on Illumination
平均 LED 密度 (ALI)
Standard 127–2007
materials and products that make up the building or are
permanently and semi-permanently installed in the project
基本建筑
(e.g., flooring, casework, wall coverings)
the annual energy cost for a building design, used as a
建筑性能基线
baseline for comparison with above-standard design
除来自公共设施、场址内地表水源和地下天然淡水水源
以外的非饮用水， 包括灰水、场址内再生水、收集的雨
水、收集的冷凝水，以及反渗透系统 (IgCC) 的工艺废水
。
一种描述室内工作环境潜在视觉不适程度的指标。 被定
义为分析区域中超出指定阳光直射照明等级的时间超过
指定小时数的面积百分比。
屋面系统内置的非结构部分。 包括天窗、通风装置、机
械设备、隔断和太阳能板。
使用最大 2 英尺的点间距，考虑将相同的 10 小时/天分
析期作为 sDA，并使用可比的模拟方法，报告分析区域
中在安装活动窗帘或遮阳设备以阻挡阳光之前，每年暴
露在超过 1000 勒克斯直射阳光下超过 250 小时的传感器
的百分比
由多种材料组成的产品（例如，混凝土），或者由子部
件组成的产品（如工作站）
教育局用来根据学生居住的地方来确定学生上哪所学校
的边界
发光二极管灯的照明输出，由国际照明委员会标准 127–
2007 指定
组成建筑的，或者永久性和半永久性安装在项目中的材
料和产品（如地板、箱柜、墙面）
建筑设计的年能源成本，用于与高于标准要求的设计进
行比较的基线
ASE1000,250
assembly
attendance boundary
average LED intensity
(ALI)
base building
baseline building
performance
baseline condition
baseline water
consumption
before the LEED project was initiated, but not necessarily
before any development or disturbance took place. Baseline
conditions describe the state of the project site on the date
场址基本状况
the developer acquired rights to a majority of its buildable
land through purchase or option to purchase.
a calculated projection of building water use assuming
code-compliant fixtures and fittings with no additional
用水量基线
savings compared with the design case or actual water
meter data
the information necessary to accomplish the owner’s
project requirements, including system descriptions, indoor
environmental quality criteria, design assumptions, and
references to applicable codes, standards, regulations, and
guidelines
a continuous network consisting of any combination of the
following 1) off street bicycle paths or trails at least 8 feet
(2.5 meters) wide for a two-way path and at least 5 feet (1.5
meters) wide for a one-way path 2) physically designated
on-street bicycle lanes at least 5 feet (1.5 meters) wide 3)
streets designed for a target speed of 25 mph (40 kmh)
the distance that a bicyclist must travel between origins and
destinations, the entirety of which must be on a bicycle
network.
commercial or industrial products (other than food or feed)
that are composed in whole, or in significant part, of
biological products, renewable agricultural materials
(including plant, animal, and marine materials), or forestry
materials. For the purposes of LEED, this excludes leather
and other animal hides.
wastewater containing urine or fecal matter that should be
discharged to the sanitary drainage system of the building or
premises in accordance with the International Plumbing
Code. Wastewater from kitchen sinks (sometimes
differentiated by the use of a garbage disposal), showers, or
bathtubs is considered blackwater under some state or local
codes.
the removal of makeup water from a cooling tower or
evaporative condenser recirculation system to reduce
concentrations of dissolved solids
real property or the expansion, redevelopment, or reuse of
which may be complicated by the presence or possible
presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or
contaminant.
a luminaire classification system that classifies luminaires
in terms of backlight (B), uplight (U), and glare (G) (taken
from IES/IDA Model Lighting Ordinance). BUG ratings
supersede the former cutoff ratings.
the portion of the site where construction can occur,
including land voluntarily set aside and not constructed on.
When used in density calculations, buildable land excludes
public rights-of-way and land excluded from development
by codified law.
a structure’s primary and secondary weatherproofing
system, including waterproofing membranes and air- and
water-resistant barrier materials, and all building elements
outside that system
everything inside a structure’s weatherproofing membrane
设计基础要求 (BOD)
在 LEED 项目开始之前，但是不一定要在开发或施工开
始之前。 场址基本状况描述了在开发商通过购买或购买
选择权获得大部分可建土地的权利那天项目场址的状态
。
与项目设计或实际水表数相比，在采用符合规范且此外
不会节省更多用水的设备及配件时，对建筑用水量的计
算预测
完成业主项目任务书所需的信息，包括系统介绍、室内
环境质量条件、设计假设和对适用条例、标准、规范和
指南的参考
由以下任意组合构成的连续网络 1) 街道外的自行车道或
小径，双车道至少 8 英尺（2.5 米）宽，单车道至少 5 英
尺（1.5 米）宽 2) 在街道上实际指定的至少 5 英尺（1.5
米）宽的自行车道 3) 设计速度为 25 mph (40 km/h) 的街
道
骑自行车的人必须在起点和终点之间骑行的距离，整个
骑行过程都必须在自行车道网络中进行。
完全或大部分由生物制品、可再生农业材料（包括植物
、动物和海洋生物）或林业材料构成的商业或工业产品
（食品或饲料除外）。 就 LEED 而言，这不包括皮革和
其他动物皮。
含有尿或粪便，且应被排放到符合国际管道规范的建筑
或住房卫生排水系统的废水。 根据某些州或地方法规，
厨房水槽（有时会根据垃圾处理的使用情况进行区分）
、淋浴或浴缸废水被视为污水。
从冷却塔或蒸发式冷凝器循环系统中去除补给水以降低
溶解固体的浓度
因含有或可能含有危害性物质、污染物或致污物而使得
扩大、再开发或再利用变得复杂的不动产。
一种光源分级系统，按照背光源 (B)、向上照射的灯 (U)
和眩光 (G) 对光源进行分级（依据 IES/IDA 照明条例范
本）。 BUG 评级取代之前的截光评级。
可以进行建造的场址部分，包括自愿预留和未建造的土
地。 在密度计算中使用时，可建造土地不包括公共道路
用地和现行法律禁止开发的土地。
建筑的主要和辅助防水系统，包括防水膜以及密封和防
水阻隔材料，以及该系统外的所有建筑构件
建筑防水/防潮层以内的所有构件
经过改善的公车系统，只在公车专用车道或其他公交道
路用地上运营。 该系统旨在将公车的灵活性与轨道的效
率相结合。
为补偿其他地点的碳排放而减少、避免或隔离的二氧化
碳当量单位（世界资源研究所）
用于跟踪产品的程序，从收获或萃取到其最终用途，包
括加工、转化、制造及分销这几个连续的阶段
深入细致的多方研讨会，将不同学科和背景的人聚集到
一起来探索、形成和共同制定设计方案
basis of design (BOD)
bicycle network
自行车道网络
bicycling distance
自行车骑行距离
bio-based material
生物基材料
blackwater
污水
blowdown
排放
brownfield
褐地
BUG rating
BUG 评级
buildable land
可建造土地
building exterior
building interior
bus rapid transit
建筑外构造
建筑室内
an enhanced bus system that operates on exclusive bus
lanes or other transit rights-of-way. The system is designed
公车快速/专用通道
to combine the flexibility of buses with the efficiency of rail.
a unit of carbon dioxide equivalent that is reduced, avoided,
or sequestered to compensate for emissions occurring
elsewhere (World Resources Institute)
a procedure that tracks a product from the point of harvest
or extraction to its end use, including all successive stages of
processing, transformation, manufacturing, and distribution
an intensive, multiparty workshop that brings people from
different disciplines and backgrounds together to explore,
generate, and collaboratively produce design options
a fluid, containing hydrocarbons, that absorbs heat from a
reservoir at low temperatures and rejects heat at higher
temperatures. When emitted into the atmosphere, CFCs
cause depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer.
碳补偿
carbon offset
chain of custody (CoC)
监管链 (CoC)
charrette
专家研讨会
chlorofluorocarbon
(CFC)-based refrigerant
一种含有氯氟化碳的液体，在低温条件下从储液器中吸
氯氟化碳 (CFC) 型冷媒
热并在高温条件下散热。 排放到大气中以后，CFC 会消
耗平流层的臭氧层。
早上（黎明）或晚上（黄昏）太阳中心线在地平线以下
6 度的时间。 在天气良好的情况下，民用曙暮光是明确
区分地面物体的最佳时间。 早上在民用曙暮光之前，以
及晚上在民用曙暮光之后，一般来说都需要人工照明以
进行普通户外活动。
定期占用并用于教育活动的空间。 在这种空间里，主要
功能就是教学，良好的语言沟通对学生的学术成就至关
重要。 （引自 NSI S12.60）
civil twilight
classroom or core
learning space
the point in time in the morning (dawn) or evening (dusk)
when the center of the sun is geometrically 6 degrees below
the horizon. Under good weather conditions, civil twilight is
the best time to distinguish terrestrial objects clearly. Before
民用曙暮光
civil twilight in the morning and after civil twilight in the
evening, artificial illumination normally is required to carry
on ordinary outdoor activities.
a space that is regularly occupied and used for educational
activities. In such space, the primary functions are teaching
and learning, and good speech communication is critical to
教室或核心学习空间
students’ academic achievement. (Adapted from ANSI
S12.60)