2024年6月13日发(作者：邝凡之)
pcie基础概念与设备树
英文回答：
PCIe Basics.
PCI Express (PCIe) is a high-speed serial computer
expansion bus standard designed to replace the older PCI,
PCI-X, and AGP buses. PCIe is a point-to-point serial bus,
meaning that each device is connected to the host system
via a dedicated link. This provides much higher bandwidth
than the older parallel buses, which were shared by
multiple devices.
PCIe devices are typically connected to the host system
via a PCIe slot. PCIe slots are available in a variety of
sizes, with the most common being x1, x4, x8, and x16. The
number after the "x" indicates the number of lanes that are
available for communication between the device and the host
system. A lane is a single physical connection that can
carry data in both directions.
Each PCIe lane can operate at a variety of speeds, with
the most common being 2.5 GT/s, 5 GT/s, and 8 GT/s. The
speed of a PCIe lane is determined by the capabilities of
both the device and the host system.
PCIe devices can be configured to operate in one of two
modes:
Root Complex (RC): The RC is the device that initiates
communication on the PCIe bus. It is typically the host
system's CPU or chipset.
Endpoint (EP): The EP is the device that responds to
communication from the RC. It is typically a peripheral
device such as a graphics card or a network card.
Device Tree.
A device tree is a data structure that describes the
hardware configuration of a system. It is used by the
operating system to identify and configure the various
devices that are connected to the system.
The device tree is typically stored in a file in the
/proc filesystem. The file is named "". The
device tree can also be stored in the firmware of the
system.
The device tree is organized into a hierarchical
structure. The root node of the tree represents the entire
system. Child nodes of the root node represent the various
devices that are connected to the system.
Each node in the device tree contains a set of
properties. Properties are used to describe the
characteristics of the device. For example, a node that
represents a graphics card might have a property that
specifies the amount of memory that is on the card.
The device tree is used by the operating system to
configure the various devices that are connected to the
system. The operating system uses the information in the
device tree to determine which drivers to load and how to
configure the devices.
中文回答：
PCIe基础概念。
PCI Express（PCIe）是一种高速串行计算机扩展总线标准，设
计用于取代较旧的PCI、PCI-X和AGP总线。PCIe是一种点对点串
行总线，意味着每个设备通过一个专用链路连接到主机系统。这提
供了比旧的并行总线更高的带宽，这些总线由多个设备共享。
PCIe设备通常通过PCIe插槽连接到主机系统。PCIe插槽有各
种尺寸，最常见的是x1、x4、x8和x16。x后的数字表示可用于设
备和主机系统之间通信的通道数。通道是可以在两个方向传输数据
的单个物理连接。
每个PCIe通道都可以以各种速度运行，最常见的是2.5 GT/s、
5 GT/s和8 GT/s。PCIe通道的速度由设备和主机系统的能力决定。
PCIe设备可以配置为以两种模式之一运行：
根复合体（RC），RC是在PCIe总线上发起通信的设备。它通
常是主机系统的CPU或芯片组。
端点（EP），EP是响应RC通信的设备。它通常是外围设备，
如显卡或网卡。
设备树。
设备树是一种数据结构，描述了系统的硬件配置。它由操作系
统用于识别和配置连接到系统的各种设备。
设备树通常存储在/ proc文件系统中的文件中。文件名为
“”。还可以将设备树存储在系统的固件中。
设备树组织成一个分层结构。树的根节点表示整个系统。根节
点的子节点表示连接到系统的各种设备。
设备树中的每个节点都包含一组属性。属性用于描述设备的特
性。例如，表示显卡的节点可能具有指定卡上内存大小的属性。
设备树由操作系统用于配置连接到系统的各种设备。操作系统
使用设备树中的信息来确定要加载哪些驱动程序以及如何配置设备。
2024年6月13日发(作者：邝凡之)
pcie基础概念与设备树
英文回答：
PCIe Basics.
PCI Express (PCIe) is a high-speed serial computer
expansion bus standard designed to replace the older PCI,
PCI-X, and AGP buses. PCIe is a point-to-point serial bus,
meaning that each device is connected to the host system
via a dedicated link. This provides much higher bandwidth
than the older parallel buses, which were shared by
multiple devices.
PCIe devices are typically connected to the host system
via a PCIe slot. PCIe slots are available in a variety of
sizes, with the most common being x1, x4, x8, and x16. The
number after the "x" indicates the number of lanes that are
available for communication between the device and the host
system. A lane is a single physical connection that can
carry data in both directions.
Each PCIe lane can operate at a variety of speeds, with
the most common being 2.5 GT/s, 5 GT/s, and 8 GT/s. The
speed of a PCIe lane is determined by the capabilities of
both the device and the host system.
PCIe devices can be configured to operate in one of two
modes:
Root Complex (RC): The RC is the device that initiates
communication on the PCIe bus. It is typically the host
system's CPU or chipset.
Endpoint (EP): The EP is the device that responds to
communication from the RC. It is typically a peripheral
device such as a graphics card or a network card.
Device Tree.
A device tree is a data structure that describes the
hardware configuration of a system. It is used by the
operating system to identify and configure the various
devices that are connected to the system.
The device tree is typically stored in a file in the
/proc filesystem. The file is named "". The
device tree can also be stored in the firmware of the
system.
The device tree is organized into a hierarchical
structure. The root node of the tree represents the entire
system. Child nodes of the root node represent the various
devices that are connected to the system.
Each node in the device tree contains a set of
properties. Properties are used to describe the
characteristics of the device. For example, a node that
represents a graphics card might have a property that
specifies the amount of memory that is on the card.
The device tree is used by the operating system to
configure the various devices that are connected to the
system. The operating system uses the information in the
device tree to determine which drivers to load and how to
configure the devices.
中文回答：
PCIe基础概念。
PCI Express（PCIe）是一种高速串行计算机扩展总线标准，设
计用于取代较旧的PCI、PCI-X和AGP总线。PCIe是一种点对点串
行总线，意味着每个设备通过一个专用链路连接到主机系统。这提
供了比旧的并行总线更高的带宽，这些总线由多个设备共享。
PCIe设备通常通过PCIe插槽连接到主机系统。PCIe插槽有各
种尺寸，最常见的是x1、x4、x8和x16。x后的数字表示可用于设
备和主机系统之间通信的通道数。通道是可以在两个方向传输数据
的单个物理连接。
每个PCIe通道都可以以各种速度运行，最常见的是2.5 GT/s、
5 GT/s和8 GT/s。PCIe通道的速度由设备和主机系统的能力决定。
PCIe设备可以配置为以两种模式之一运行：
根复合体（RC），RC是在PCIe总线上发起通信的设备。它通
常是主机系统的CPU或芯片组。
端点（EP），EP是响应RC通信的设备。它通常是外围设备，
如显卡或网卡。
设备树。
设备树是一种数据结构，描述了系统的硬件配置。它由操作系
统用于识别和配置连接到系统的各种设备。
设备树通常存储在/ proc文件系统中的文件中。文件名为
“”。还可以将设备树存储在系统的固件中。
设备树组织成一个分层结构。树的根节点表示整个系统。根节
点的子节点表示连接到系统的各种设备。
设备树中的每个节点都包含一组属性。属性用于描述设备的特
性。例如，表示显卡的节点可能具有指定卡上内存大小的属性。
设备树由操作系统用于配置连接到系统的各种设备。操作系统
使用设备树中的信息来确定要加载哪些驱动程序以及如何配置设备。