大学英语综合教程4课后答案及复习资料-USB迷|专注于互联网分享

2024年8月14日发(作者：奚豆)

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（book4）Unit 1

The icy defender 冰雪卫士

Words and Expressions

1. raw: adj. cold and wet; not cooked, refined, processed, organized or analyzed

*The event took place on a raw February morning.

这块砧板是专门用来切生肉的。（This cutting board is only used to cut raw

meat.）

2. launch: vt.

1) start

Beginning in the early 1960s, humans launched probes （探查，研究）to explore other

planets.

2) send (sth.) on its course 发射

*On October 4, 1957, Soviet scientists launched the world’s first artificial satellite,

called Sputnik.

Collocation:

launch an attack (against) 发动进攻

launch a massive campaign

launch a company

launch threats at sb.

发动一场大规模的运动

开一家公司

向某人发出威胁

3. efficient: adj. working well, quickly and without waste

雇佣未受良好训练的工人效果是不会好的。

（It is not efficient to hire poorly trained workers. ）

st: n. conquering, defeat

Hitler badly miscalculated when he assumed the conquest of the USSR would be

simple.

1939年德国征服了波兰。

（The year 1939 had witnessed the conquest of Poland by Germany.）

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t: v. move back or withdraw when faced with danger or difficulty

我们采取如下策略：敌进我退，敌退我追。

（ We adopted the following strategies: When the enemy advances, we retreat:

when they retreat, we pursue.）

6. engage: vt.

1) begin fighting with sb.

他们与敌人交战。（They engaged the enemy.）

2) draw into; involve

*We tried to engage him in our conversation, but in vain.

3) attract sb.’s interest

*We failed to engage any active support for our project.

他善良的性情吸引每个人。(His good nature engages everyone.)

4) occupy

工作占去她很多时间。(Work engages much of her time.)

Pattern：

engage (sb.) in sth. : (cause to) take part in sth.

* They are currently engaged in lengthy trade negotiations.

* The teacher tried to engage the shy boy in conversation.

l: adj. very important (followed by to)

*Amazingly, our soccer team won the victory in the crucial final game.

增强消费者信心是经济复苏的关键。

(Improved consumer confidence is crucial to economic recovery.)

CF: crucial, critical & decisive

这三个词都是形容词,都有“紧要的, 紧迫的,重要的”之意。

crucial意为决定性的、极重要的，指对关键性事物不断增长的缺乏或需求，或需求紧急情

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况或危急转折关头。例如：

*We must pay attention to this crucial test. 我们必须重视这次决定性的试验。

critical意为决定性的,与crucial相似，但表示对缺乏程度更精确的估计。在转折关头时比

crucial表现出更大的严重性。例如：

* The patient’s condition is critical. 病人情况危急。

decisive 意思是决定性的、果断的，只有重要、特殊或决定性效果。例如：

* Our air forces were decisive in winning the war. 我们的空军对打赢这场战争有决定

性的贡献。

8. take a gamble: take a risk

* The company took a gamble by cutting the price of their products, and it paid off.

I think she’s taking a gamble investing all her money in stocks.）

9. press on/ahead: continue doing sth. in a determined way (used in the pattern: press

on/ahead (with sth.))

*Our school authorities are keen to press on with educational reform.

Organizers of the strike are determined to press on.

10. bide one’s time: wait patiently for a chance

* His political rivals are biding their time for an attack on his policies.

*He bided his time until Harvard University offered him a professorship.

11. drag on: move slowly and with effort; continue endlessly and tediously

*These compensation cases have already dragged on for one year.

这个会还要拖多久？(How much longer is the meeting going to drag on?)

12. at the cost of: with the loss of

*The local government developed its economy but at the cost of environment.

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比尔为救约翰付出了自己的生命。( Bill saved John at the cost of his own life.)

sb. off guard: take sb. by surprise

*The invitation to his wedding caught me off guard.

The manager didn’t know what to say. It was clear that my question had caught him off

guard.

14. instruct: vt.

1) give orders or directions to (sb.)

我奉命在这里等老师来。(I’ve been instructed to wait here until the teacher arrives.)

Pattern:

instruct sb. to do sth.; instruct sb. That…

2) teach (sb.)

*He instructed family members in nursing techniques.

他们教给了我做这项工作的最好办法。(They instructed me in the best ways of doing the

job.)

Pattern: instruct sb. in/on sth

15. render: vt. cause (sb./sth.) to be in a specified condition (same as make)

*He was rendered unconscious by a blow on the back of the neck.

地震导致成百上千的人无家可归。(Hundreds of people were rendered homeless by

the earthquake.)

16. casualty: n. a person who is killed or injured in war or in an accident

The precise number of casualties in yesterday’s bomb explosion is not known.

17. bring to a halt: stop completely

Air traffic in Poland had been brought to a halt by an air traffic controllers’ strike.

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我们的旅行因风暴而终止。（Our journey was brought to a halt by a storm.）

18 offensive:

1. n. aggressive action, attack

*The Red Army brought its winter offensive to a successful conclusion.

红军发动全面的军事攻击。（The Red Army led a massive military offensive.）

2. adj. of or about attack; causing offense; unpleasant

这支进攻的军队很快地赢得了阵地。（The offensive troops gained ground quickly.）

* My neighbor is really an offensive person. He always plays the piano deep into the

night.

: v. count; consider; think

许多人认为他是一位伟大的篮球运动员。（Many people reckon him to be a great

basketball player.）

常用的搭配：be reckoned with: be taken into consideration

All these problems had to be reckoned with as they arose.

20. toll:

war toll

战争伤亡人数

造成重大伤亡（或损失）

take a heavy toll

The earthquake took a heavy toll on several villages. 这次地震给几个村庄造成重

大损失。

Key to the Exs.

P14-17 Vocabulary

I 1. 1) alliance 2) at the cost of 3) stroke 4) limp 5) minus 6) region 7) declarations 8)

siege 9) raw 10) bide one’s time 11) have taken their toll 12) in the case of

2. 1) is faced with 2) get bogged down 3) is pressing on / pressed on 4) drag on 5) get by 6)

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dine out 7) have cut back 8) get through

3. 1) …lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future.

2)… has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw material due to the dock

workers’ strike.

3) …will /should never get in the way of her career.

4)… caught the foreign minister off guard.

5)… of the electronic calculator has render the slide rule out of date.

4. 1) (Being) faced with; the occupation; regions 2) crucial to; efficient; to reckon with;

weaken; be brought to a halt 3) a heroic; the decisive; turn the tide; siege; by launching

P18 III. Usage

1) fall ill 2) lay dead at home for two weeks 3) dropped dead from a heart attack 4) fell

asleep 5) marrying young 6) to sit still for longer than a few minutes

P19 Comprehensive Exs。

1. Text-related 1) invasion 2) stand in the way 3) Conquest 4) catching…off guard 5)

launching 6) declaration 7) campaign 8) drag on 9) reckon with 10) bringing …to a halt

P20 Translation

1. Sentence translation

1) Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in (getting) the autumn harvest (in) on the

farm..

2) We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticated

weapons.

3) Having been out of a job/Not having had a job for 3 months, Phil is getting increasingly

desperate.

4) Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment.

5) Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of pollution, the village neighborhood

committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.

2. Passage translation

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The offensive had already lasted three days, but we didn’t gain much ground. The division

commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy at night and launch a

surprise attack. To do so, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get

bogged down in the mud. Our battalion decided to take a gamble. Lucky enough, thanks to the

severely cold winter which made the marshland freeze over, we arrived at our destination before

dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy,

caught off guard, soon surrendered.

（book4）Unit 2 Smart cars

Words and Expressions

lucrative: adj. producing much money; profitable

我们和一家美国公司做大米进口的生意，赚了些钱。

( We made a lucrative business with the American company on rice imports.)

approximately: adv. more or less exactly

(=The car accident happened at approximately 7:)

approximate: adj. fairly correct or accurate but not completely so

*The approximate number of demonstrators in front of the municipal office building

was 900.

大概的时间是三点钟。(The approximate time is three o'clock.)

eliminate: vt. remove, esp. sb./sth. that is not wanted or needed; get rid of

*The police have eliminated all the other suspects.

她已被取消了参加游泳比赛。(She has been eliminated from the swimming race.)

Pattern: eliminate sth. from sth.

*Can we ever eliminate hunger from the world one day?

in the air: in the earth’s atmosphere; uncertain, not yet decided

*There is a strange smell in the air.

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我们的计划尚未确定。( Our plans are still in the air.)

start up: begin or begin working, running, happening, etc.

玛丽发动引擎，向她的家乡驶去。

( Mary started up the engine and drove for her hometown.)

alert:

1．vt. warn sb. that there may be danger, trouble, etc.

Pattern: alert sb. to sth.

*The doctor alerted me to the dangers of smoking.

2．adj. attentive; watchful

Pattern: be alert to danger

*The squirrels are quite alert to dangers.

3．n. a condition or period of heightened watchfulness or preparation for action

Pattern: on the alert

*The hunters are on the alert for wolves.

monotonous: adj. dull and never changing or varying; constant and boring

(=The teacher’s voice was so monotonous that it sent me to sleep.)

我在汽车工厂的工作颇为单调乏味。( My job in the car factory is rather monotonous.)

hazard: n. a thing that can be dangerous or cause damage; a danger or risk

*There are many serious hazards associated with smoking.

穿越非洲的旅行有许多危险。 (=There are many hazards in a journey across Africa.)

vibrate: v. (cause sth. to) move rapidly and continuously backwards and forwards;

shake

(Tom’s heavy footsteps upstairs made the old house vibrate.)

当司机发动了发动机时，公共汽车颤动着。( The bus vibrated when the driver started up the

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engine.)

frequency: n. the rate at which sth. happens or is repeated, usu. measured over a

particular period of time

*Accidents are happening with increasing frequency.

科学家正试图计算出这个地区地震发生的频率。

( The scientists are trying to calculate the frequency of earthquake in this district.)

convert: v. change from one form or use to another

Pattern: convert sth. to/into sth.

*I want to convert some Hong Kong dollars into American dollars.

那座楼房改成学校了。(That building has been converted into a school.)

correlate: vt. have a mutual relationship or connection, in which one thing affects

or depends on another

*Smoking and lung cancer are closely correlated.

Pattern: correlate sth. with sth.

*They are trying to find out if these behavior patterns correlate with particular changes in

diet.

把理论与实践联系起来(correlate the theory with practice)

be poised to do: be ready to take action at any moment

( It is reported that U.S. forces are poised to attack Iraq.)

The automobile company is poised to launch its new advertising campaign.

mount: v. fix (sth.) in position for use, display or study; put (sth.) into place on a

support

*Mounting the engine in this way was in improvement.

*She mounted the photograph on the back of her diary book.

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她把照片裱贴在她的日记本上。

magnetic: adj.

1) having the properties of a magnet

(=The iron has lost its magnetic force.)

*Cotton is not magnetic.

2) having an unusual power or ability to attract

*He has magnetic personality. 他有吸引人的个性。

take control of: control

*The new manager didn’t know how to take control of his company.

( The government has taken control of all the newspapers.)

bunch:

1. v. group together (both active and passive)

*The children were all bunched together in the corner of the room.

我们聚在火炉周围取暖。(We bunched around the fire for warmth.)

2. n. a group of items or individuals gathered or placed together

*a bunch of grapes

*a bunch of keys

*a bunch of flowers

incorporate: vt. make (sth.) part of a whole

*His newly published book incorporates his earlier essay.

他成为该大学的一员。=He was incorporated a member of the college.)

我们将把你的建议编到新计划中去。(We will incorporate your suggestion in the new plan.)

expansion: n. the process of becoming greater in size, extent or importance

*Under heat, the metal undergoes considerable expansion.

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*His book is an expansion of the play he wrote before.

这些是扩大我们学校建筑的计划。(These are plans for the expansion of our school

building.)

Key to the Exs.

P41-44 Vocabulary

I 1. 1) expansion 2) automated 3) vapor 4) take control of 5) hazards 6) satellite 7) vibrated 8)

magnetic 9) bunched 10) in the air 11) got/was stuck in 12) approximately

2. 1) send out 2) stand up for 3) pass for 4) were closing in on 5) starting up 6) went through

7) fill in 8) fall into

3. 1) … incorporates all the latest safety features.

2) … two trees ten feet apart.

3) … awarding lucrative contracts to his construction firm.

4) … the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the car.

5) … are correlated a in all racial groups.

4. 1) the application; remote; has been turned into a reality; are poised to 2) that vibrate; can

detect; frequency 3) lanes; are mounted in; alert a; hazard

P46 Comprehensive Exs。

Text-related 1) computerized 2) start up 3) be poised to 4) alert 5) hazards 6) monotonous 7)

take control of 8) steer 9) lane 10) decrease 11) calculate 12) eliminate 13) getting

stuck in 14) mounted 15) detect 16) vapor

P47-48 Translation

1. Sentence translation

1) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.

2) The urban expansion in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living

standard and an increase in social problems.

3) The research shows that the atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with

global temperatures.

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4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minutes recently.

5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the

coach.

2. Passage translation

Automobiles have, since its invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the

way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards,

especially highway fatalities. However, today the application of computer technology and

electronic sensors makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example,

electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up

the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving signals sent out from orbiting

satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic (jams).

Dictation:

Automobiles changed the world during the 20

century, particularly in the US and other

industrialized nations. The manufacture, sale, and servicing of automobiles have become key

elements of industrial economies; indeed, the health of a country’s automobile industry in large

measure determines the health of the entire economy. But along with greater mobility and job

creation, the automobile has brought noise and air pollution, and automobile accidents rank as

among the leading causes of death and injury throughout the world. But for better and worse,

the 20

century can be called the Age of Automobile, and cars will undoubtedly continue to

shape our culture and economy well into the 21

century.

（book4）Unit 3 Get the Job You Want

Words and Expressions:

grill: vt.

1) cook under or over direct heat

* We could grill the chops on the barbecue.

2) (infml) question intensely and severely (esp. of the police)

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* 他被拷问了三小时后，警察才让他走。

（=He was grilled for two hours before the police let him go.）

* The senior detective grilled the young suspect about the robbery case.

follow up: take addition steps to further (a previous action)

让我们担心的是恐怖分子在威胁之后会进行炸弹攻击。

( We are worried that terrorists will follow up their threats with bomb attacks.)

*If you make a hotel booking by phone, follow it up with written confirmation.

in one’s hands: in one’s possession

我的律师有了所有相关的证据。（All the relevant facts are in my solicitor’s

hands.）

* His father’s company has been in his hands for many years.

prospective: adj. expected; probable; intended

* The chief function of advertising is to familiarize prospective buyers with a

product.

* 这个世界闻名的大学收到近200名学生的申请表。

（ This university of world fame had applications from nearly 200 prospective

students.）

as I see it: in my opinion

* 在我看来，这些钱足够他在国外生活一年了。

（ As I see it, the money is sufficient for seeing him through a year

abroad.）

* As I see it, this press conference is the most successful one we have ever

had.

(as) the saying goes: used to introduce a particular phrase that people often say

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正如谚语所说，“无风不起浪”。( As the saying goes, “ There’s no smoke without

fire.”)

(para.9) apply: v.

1) request something, esp. in writing

* Anyone who has a college degree can apply for the job.

2) bring or put into use

* Apply as much force as is necessary. ( 需要用多少力量就用多少。)

3) to have an effect; be directly related

* 这项规则不适用。（ This regulation doesn’t apply.）

endeavor:

1. vt. (fml) try

这个跨国公司一直尽力在最短的时间内处理顾客的投诉。

（The multinational company always endeavors to deal with clients’

complaints as promptly as possible.）

The government has endeavored to forbid the employment of children under

the age of 16.

2. n. effort

她尽可能地帮助我们。（She made every endeavor to help us.）

The climbing of Mount Qomolangma was an outstanding example of human

endeavor.

do one’s homework: make preparations beforehand

He had evidently done his homework and read his predecessor’s reports.

在演讲之前，他做了充分的准备工作。（He had done his homework before he

delivered the speech.）

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go after: try hard to obtain; chase

在英语演讲比赛中，他去争取得奖。(He went after a prize in the English speech

contest.)

你会不会去这个公司找工作？（ Are you planning to go after a position in this

company?）

incidentally: by the way

I really got to go now. Incidentally, don’t forget to pay a visit to your mother

tomorrow. She is expecting you.

physical: adj.

1) of or concerning the body

* 人类在肤色、眼睛颜色、体型及其它身体特征上都有所不同。

（Human populations differ in their skin color, eye color, shape and other

physical characteristics.）

* Regular exercise enhances people’s sense of mental well-being along with the

general physical health.

2) of or according to the laws of nature

* Is there a physical explanation for these strange happenings?

(对这些怪现象有科学上的解释吗？)

(in)adequate: adj.

1) enough for the purpose, and no more

* The city’s water supply is no longer adequate.

2) having the necessary ability or qualities

* 我希望他能胜任这分工作。（=I hope he will be adequate to the job.）

take /have a crack (at)：try to do (sth.)

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I would like to take a crack at the Olympic title again before I retire.

make a difference: change the situation or outlook; have an effect

在异国旅行会不会讲该国语言大不相同。

（ Speaking the language makes a lot of difference when you travel to another

country.）

你干什么对我没有丝毫影响。(It doesn’t make the least difference to me what you are

doing.)

(para.25)pry:

1. vt. force sth. open or away from a surface

* Can you help me pry the cover off this wooden box without breaking it?

(你能不能帮我不打破这个木箱盖而撬开它?)

2. vi. look or inquire closely and curiously

Don't pry into the affairs of others.

Collocation:

pry about到处窥探 pry into窥探，打听

(para10, 27) odds: (pl.) the probability that something will or will not happen

* The odds are that he will fail his exam.

Collocation: odds and ends 零碎的事情

in the neighborhood of: about

* He has an annual salary in the neighborhood of $50,000.

* I am hoping to buy an apartment in the neighborhood of $12,000.

beyond anyone’s / one’s wildest dreams: more than anyone/ one can ever imagine

* 在10年前，我做梦也没想到今天我会拥有自己的汽车。

（Ten years ago it was beyond my wildest dreams that I could afford a car.）

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* Scientists have made an invention which is to change our lives beyond our

wildest dreams.

sparkle: to shine in small flashes

* The diamond ring sparkled in the sunlight.

* The stone sparkles when properly cut.

Key to the Exs.

P75-77 Vocabulary

I 1. 1) tip 2) physically 3) structure 4) made a difference 5) blurted(out) 6) chuckling 7)

measurable 8) prospective 9) preparations 10) sparkled 11) took a crack at 12) partner

2. 1) go after 2) look back at/on 3) be put up 4) stood for 5) build in 6) follow up 7) be

hooked up to 8) closed up

3. 1) …grilled her about where she had been all night.

2)… beyond Cinderella’s wildest dreams that she could one day dance in the king’s palace.

3)… will be in readers’ hands soon.

4)… do your homework before going on an interview.

5)…was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars.

4. 1) applicants; veteran; the perspective 2) From his standpoint; has made every endeavor to

go after 3) as the saying goes; to have a crack at; barely

P80 Comprehensive Exs。

Text-related 1) prospective 2) As I see it 3) done your homework 4) beforehand 5) endeavor

6) structure 7) partner 8) Respond 9) take a crack at 10) from the standpoint 11)make a

difference 12) follow up

P81-82 Translation

1. Sentence translation

1) Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing, the veteran pilot

managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only a short time.

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2) Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted(out) that she had undergone

two plastic surgeries.

3) We have the technology and our partner has the capital. Working together, we’ll have

the future in our hands.

4) If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home, I would have

made better preparations. You see, I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack.

5) People gave generously upon learning that new school buildings with stronger

structures were to be built in the earthquake-stricken area.

2. Passage translation

Well begun, half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do

his homework while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his

homework clearly makes a difference in his chance of success.

I have a friend who is earning in the neighborhood of 100,000 dollars a year in a large

computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who

interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no

endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible don’t have much of a

chance of success.

book4）Unit 4

Globalization ---In Search of Davos Man

Words and Expressions

sweep aside: clear away or get rid of suddenly or forcefully; refuse to pay attention

to sth./ sb. says

Anyway, by then she was sure that Julius would simply have swept any curbs aside.

他们对所有的反对意见不予理睬。(They swept all the objections aside.)

Pattern:

sweep away 扫清, 迅速消灭 sweep out 扫掉; 清除

sweep over 眺望, 环视 sweep up 打扫干净, 收拾干净

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strengthen: vt. become stronger or make sth. stronger

The President's first priority was to strengthen the economy.

make no / little difference: have no / little effect (on), be of no / little importance (to)

姚明的缺席似乎对休斯顿火箭队没有太大的影响。

(The absence of Yao Ming seemed to make little difference to the performance of the

Houston Rockets.)

identify…as: (para.2) recognize and correctly name someone or sth.

*His accent identified him as a Frenchman.

(The policeman identified him as the thief.)

a handful of: a very small number of people or things:

That place was of little interest. I only took a handful of pictures.

considerable: adj. great

Attracting tourists to the area is going to take considerable effort.

(A considerable amount of research was done here by our science department.)

advantageous: adj. helpful and likely to make you successful

* Many bus companies provide advantageous fare tickets especially for tourists.

你会发现等几周再作答复是很有好处的。

(You may find it advantageous to wait a few weeks before replying.)

NB: “advantageous” 的名词形式为 “advantage”。与其搭配常用的短语是：

“have the advantage of” “有优势”; “take advantage of” “（以不正当手段）利用；占

便宜”

entitle: vt.

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1) give a title to给…题名，给…取名

*She was reading a poem entitled Auguries of Innocence.

(He entitled the book The Secret Garden.)

2) give someone the official right to do or have sth.

他们有资格享有许多优惠和特权。

(They are entitled to enjoy many advantages and privileges.)

vanish: vi. disappear suddenly, especially in a way that cannot be easily explained

My keys were here a minute ago but now they've vanished.

(The plane vanished from radar screens soon after taking off.)

CF: vanish, disappear, evaporate

这三个动词均有“消失”之意。

vanish 语气强，指完全、往往是神秘而突然的消失，不留任何蛛丝马迹。

disappear 普通用词，强调从视线或脑海中消失。这消失可能是暂时的、突然的或永久的。

evaporate 指像水蒸发时那样悄然逝去，也指某人悄悄地、突然退出或离去。

facilitate: vt. make it easier for a process or activity to happen

Both centers are electronically linked to facilitate communication.

学校都建在同一校区内，以便资源共享。

(Schools were located in the same campus to facilitate the sharing of resources.)

at odds with: in conflict with; disagreeing or quarrelling with

*The government decision to raise taxes was at odds with their policies on inflation.

be committed to: promise to do (sth.); be devoted to

A lot of money has been committed to this project.

中国承诺发展低碳经济。(China is committed to pursuing a low carbon economy.)

endorse: vt. express formal support or approval for someone or sth.

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*The Prime Minister is unlikely to endorse this view.

(I fully endorse the measures taken to improve safety standards.)

erase: vt. get rid of sth. so that it has gone completely and no longer exists

Their dream is to erase poverty and injustice from the world.

没有什么东西可以使他忘记那件事。(Nothing can erase the incident from his memory.)

accelerate: v. (cause to) move faster or happen earlier

Mr. Henley has accelerated his sale of shares over the past year.

选手们跑过弯道时平稳地加速。 (The runners accelerated smoothly round the bend.)

witness:

1. vt. be present and see

20世纪80年代，电子传媒得到了空前的发展。

(The 1980s witnessed an unprecedented increase in the scope of the electronic

media.)

2. n. someone who sees a crime or an accident and can describe what happened

(The witness was asked to identify the defendant in the courtroom.)

overtake (overtook, overtaken):

1) v. go past a moving vehicle or person because you are going faster

than them and want to get in front of them

Before you start to overtake, make sure the road is clear ahead of you.

2) vt. catch up with or pass after catching up with

在工业产量方面德国迅速超过了英国。(Germany rapidly overtook Britain in industrial

output.)

displace: vt. take the place of; replace

Coal has been displaced by natural gas as a major source of energy.

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patriotic: adj. having or expressing a great love of your country

(The presidential candidate said paying higher taxes was a patriotic act.)

let alone: much less;

* Many thousands of children had never even seen, let alone owned a pair of shoes.

他连带领保龄球队的本事都没有，更别提领导国家了。

(He was incapable of leading a bowling team, let alone a country.)

strike a balance: give the correct amount of importance or attention to two

separate things

Effective organizations will strike a balance that allows them not only to accept

uncertainty but to take advantage of it.

他发现平衡家庭和工作的关系是很困难的。

(He was finding it difficult to strike a balance between his family and his work.)

Key to the Exs.

P106-109 Vocabulary

I 1. 1) advantageous 2) let alone 3) witnessing; vanishing 4) landmark 5) entitled 6) displace 7)

establishment 8) patriotic 9) contradictions 10) aspires 11) divorced 12) pendulums

2. 1) come to 2) dozed off 3) believed in 4) was set apart 5) take in 6) sucks in 7) clean up

8) turn away

3. 1) …makes no/little difference whether we go there by train or by bus.

2)… overtaken General Motors as the world’s biggest car maker.

3)…at odds with his wife over money matters.

4)…been at the forefront of nanotechnology research.

5)…let alone cook a meal.

4. 1) is increasingly; to accelerate; their investment 2) economy; make an earnest; domestic;

strike a balance between 3) a handful of; be endorsed by; on a large scale

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P111 Comprehensive Ex.。

Text-related 1) academics 2) networking 3) a variety of 4) growth 5) vanish 6) facilitate 7)

endorsing 8) outlook 9) sweeping aside 10) patriotic 11) erasing 12) strike a balance

P112- 113 Translation

1. Sentence Translation

1) Due to his pessimistic outlook on the European economy, John has transferred his

assets elsewhere from Europe.

2) I like hiring young people. They are earnest learners and committed to work.

3) Unlike her girl friends who center their life on their children, Mary cares more

about her personal growth,

4) Why is it that a considerable number of colleagues are at odds with you?

5) The Chinese government has introduced a variety of policies to strengthen

cooperation with developing countries.

2. Passage translation

Globalization has a great impact on young Chinese. For example, young farmers are moving

on a large scale to urban areas to look for jobs. And for those young people who aspire to study

abroad or work in foreign-invested enterprises, English has become increasingly important. On

the other hand, a considerable number of overseas Chinese students have returned home in recent

years, for they hold an optimistic outlook on the long-term growth of the Chinese economy. The

internet has strengthened the links between Chinese young people those elsewhere. They follow

the latest trend and copy foreign fashions. Some of them don’t seem to care for traditional

Chinese virtues, let alone carry them forward, which has give rise to worries that the traditional

Chinese culture might one day vanish.

Useful Expressions

1. 国家认同 (para.1) 2. 狂热信徒 (para.2)

3. 毫不迟疑 (para.2) 4. 国际商业精英(para.3)

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5. 没完没了的认真的讨论(para.3)

6. 资本、劳动力和技术的流动 (para.3)

7. 与…渐行渐远 (para.4) 8. 处于…的前沿(para.6)

9. 开辟一条通向…的道路(para.7)

10. 一个卓越的创新环境（para.7）

11. 从…脱离(para.9)

12. 低薪流动劳工(para.9) 13. 医疗保健体系(para.9)

14. 跨国界经营(para.10)

15. 狭隘民族主义(para.11)

（book4）Unit 6 The Pace of life ----Old Father Time Becomes a Terror

Words and Expressions

large quantities of/ a large quantity of ： a large amount of

在寒冷的冬天，大部分动物必须通过吃大量的食物来获得维持正常生命活动的能量。

(In cold weather most animals must eat large quantities of food to obtain the

energy needed to carry on normal body activities. )

eat into: gradually reduce the amount of (sth. valuable); damage or destroy

*Acid eats into the metal, damaging its surface.

*His extravagances ate into his inheritances.

multiply: v.

1) increase in number or quantity

*Fear multiplies the difficulties of life.

*In a few minutes people in the square multiplied into thousands.

2) add a number to itself a particular number of times

我们可以将高乘以宽以求出面积。

(We could multiply the height by the width to determined the area.)

pour in: go into a place quickly and in large numbers

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*Messages of congratulation came pouring in.

*Many football fans poured into the stadium to have a look at their favorite

football players.

amount to ( para10) : be equal to; add up to

这就等于要把整件事重做一遍。(This amounts to doing the whole thing over again.)

*In 1959 the combined value of U.S. imports and exports amounted to less than 9

percent of the country’s gross domestic products. (GDP).

minute: adj. very small in size or amount

(The kitchen is minute, with barely room for two people to turn around.)

oblige:

1. vt. 1) to do (someone) a favor

*Please oblige me by leaving me alone.

请给我一根火柴，好吗？(Could you oblige me with a match?)

2) force (someone to do something) (usu. used in the passive voice)

*In certain countries the law obliges parents to send their children to

school.

(He felt obliged to leave after such an unpleasant argument.)

forecast: 1. v. tell in advance; predict

*The means of forecasting natural disasters, such as floods, and hurricanes, have

improved immensely as science and technology have advanced.

2. n. a statement of future events, based on some kind of knowledge or

judgment

*The newspaper’s forecast that the senator(议员) would be elected again was right.

(Did you listen to the weather forecast on the radio?)

nurture: vt. care for and educate (a child); encourage the growth of (sth.); nourish

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*Parents want to know the best way to nurture and raise their child to

adulthood.

*The local government has taken measures to nurture the state-run factories.

famine: n. (instance of) extreme scarcity of food in a region

*To eliminate famine and reduce malnutrition, attention needs to focus not only on

food production but also on food distribution, consumption, and family planning.

世界上有些地区经常遭受饥荒。(Some parts of the world suffer regularly from famine.)

provoke: vt. cause (sth.) to occur or arouse (a feeling, etc.)

People’s concern over genetically modified food（转基因食品） has provoked a global

debate that shows no sign of ending soon.

They argued that NATO enlargement could provoke Russian hostility and lead to

regional instability.

Collocation: provoke sb. to do sth. 挑动某人做某事

streamline: vt. make (sth.) more efficient and effective

*Corporate mergers can result in job losses because management combines and

streamlines departments within the newly merged companies.

他们把赛车改成流线型，以使它行驶的更快。

(They streamlined the racing car so that it moved even faster.)

Domestic( Para.21): adj.

1) of the home, household or family

*Police and hospital records indicate that the majority of victims of domestic violence

(家庭暴力) are women.

2) of or inside a particular country

*GDP stands for Gross Domestic Product.（国内生产总值）

spring up（para.22）: appear, develop, grow, etc. quickly or suddenly 迅速而大量

地出现

*New buildings are springing up everywhere.

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*Fast food restaurants are springing up all over the city.

divert: vt. turn (sb./sth.) aside from a course, direction, etc. into another

*The money that might be spent on cities has been diverted into other projects.

由于交通事故，车辆行人绕道而行。

(Traffic is being diverted from the main road because of the accident.)

arise:（para.24） vi. appear; become evident

*A financial crisis has arisen in the multinational corporation（跨国公司）.

(His illness arose from malnutrition(营养不良).

be doomed to: (sth.) be certain to happen, and you can do nothing to prevent it

*The whole project was doomed to failure.

*His crippled(残废的) leg doomed him to long periods of unemployment.

Pattern:

be doomed to sth. 注定要遭受…的

be doomed to do sth. 注定要遭受…的

Key to the Exs.

P180-182 Vocabulary

I 1. 1) appliances 2) comparative 3) multiply 4) distribution 5) prosperity 6) decorate 7) famine

8) large quantities of/ a large quantity of 9) streamline 10) fax 11) pointed the way to 12)

bewildered

2. 1) eat into 2) cling to 3) stand/stood out 4) wears away 5) set about 6) switch off 7) will be

turned loose 8) poured in

3. 1) …is forecast to be below average next year, which at the moment is 4 percent.

2)… to enter the building and find the baby girl proved futile as rescuers were driven out

by the heat and flames.

3) … was urged to divert some of its attention from expanding production and get more

involved with issues of market demand.

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4) …can really eat heavily into your profits when you are selling suits at £900 and

dresses at £2,000.

5)… has toiled endlessly over the exercise machine for the last 20 years in order to keep

her body in shape.

4. 1) reaction to; discontent; provoked 2) Convention; evading tax; the confines of 3) a

burden; are always on the go/seem forever on the go; to cope

P183-184 II. Confusable Words

1. 1) nervousness 2) tension 3) stress 4) tension

2. 1) honorary 2) Honorable 3) honorable 4) honorary 5) honorable 6)

Honorary

P185 Comprehensive Ex。

Text-related 1) switch off 2) obliged 3) on the go 4) cope 5) shortage 6) large quantity of 7)

pouring in 8) by nature 9) fraction 10) futile

P186- 187 Translations

1. Sentence Translation

1) They are exploring the new frontiers of medical research in an attempt to find remedies

for incurable diseases/cures for diseases that are beyond remedy so far.

2) Her unique teaching methods apart, Ms Wilson, my math teacher, never tried to cram

Knowledge into my head.

3) The regular weather forecast by the Central TV Station keeps us up with the changes of

weather wherever we go on a trip.

4) The appalling explosion started a big fire and caused the partial collapse of the

building.

5) In the modern world, there are more ways than ever to waste away time, and all kinds

of distractions are eating into our precious time.

2. Passage Translation

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Today we are under constant pressure to work longer hours, to produce more, and to possess

more. Lots of people hold the wrong perception that happiness lies in working hard and earning

well/good money.

Many women today feel the same stress

to work and get ahead and, at the same time,

to nurture their offspring and shoulder the burden of domestic responsibilities.

Research shows that workaholism tends to distance us from our immediate families. It forces

us to toil longer and longer hours, leaving a minute fraction of our time to be physically and

emotionally available to our loved ones. Intimacy among family members is doomed to die in the

process.

（book4）Unit 7 The 9/11 terrorist Attack---Snapshots of New York’s

Mood after 9/11

Words and Expressions

illusion: n. a false idea, belief or impression

The girl has the illusion that a prince will come and marry her.

太阳看起来好像绕着地球转, 但这只是个错觉。

(The sun appears to go round the Earth, but it's an illusion.)

shatter: v.

1) destroy completely, esp. sb's hopes or beliefs;

* The failures have shattered her confidence.

* The violent murder shattered the peace of the holiday season.

* We were shattered to hear of her sudden death. (听到她突然死亡的消息我们十分震

惊。)

2) break (sth.) into pieces

* The mirror shattered into tiny pieces.

* The stone shattered the window of the restaurant.

blot out: cover or hide completely

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* The human tendency is to blot out bad memories.

* 白色浓烟遮住了太阳。（Thick white smoke blotted out the sun. ）

chaos: n. a state of complete disorder and confusion

* The country’s health system is in a state of chaos.

(The room was in a state of chaos when the burglars had left. )

Collocation:

political chaos

social chaos

revenge:

1. n. action taken in return for an injury or offense

* Finally she had a chance for revenge against the evil man.

* The movie is about a Jewish woman who plotted her revenge against the Nazis.

2. vt. take action in return for an injury or offense

* She was planning to revenge the injustice done to her mother.

Pattern: take / have / get revenge on

* The woman took revenge on her cheating husband.

* I will never take revenge on anyone, because it is so stupid and immature.

think back on / to: think about things that happened in the past

* Every December I think back on the past year, all the good times and bad ones.

* 回过头来看，我我不应该如此轻易地放弃那次比赛。

（Looking it, I I shouldn't have given up the contest so easily. ）

in (great / crystal) detail: including many / clear facts or aspects of a situation

* Tim presented his argument in great detail.

* The old man could remember in crystal detail the days of his childhood.

in the aftermath of: following (an event, esp. a catastrophic one)

* We must ensure food safety in the aftermath of natural disasters.

* 地震之后，许多人无家可归。

政治骚乱 financial chaos经济动荡

社会动荡

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(Many people were homeless earthquake. )

resemble: vt.（para.14） look like or be like

* Many college graduates discover that society does not at all resemble the way it is in

their imagination.

* 她和她母亲长得非常像。 She resembles her mother in looks.

solidarity: n. unity and agreement resulting from shared interests, feelings, etc.

* We need a leader to speed up the decision-making progress and enhance the

solidarity among the member countries.

Collocation:

racial solidarity 种族团结一致 national solidarity 全国团结一致

family solidarity 家庭团结和谐 social solidarity 社会团结和谐

bring down:

1) cause to fall;

* Most of the planes were brought down by ground fire.

2) reduce to a lower level

* You should bring down your blood pressure to a safe level.

The reduction in the price of crude oil has brought down the price of gasoline.

grief: n. extreme sadness

Millions of fans all over the world expressed great grief on the death of Michael

Jackson, King of Pop.

revolve: v. (cause to) turn around a central point

* The wheels are revolving slowly.

* 月亮围着地球转，旋转周期近一个月。

（The moon revolves around the Earth in about one month. ）

mourn: v. feel and show sadness ( for/over sb./sth.) because of the loss of sb./sth.

* Russia is holding a day of mourning for the 113 people killed in a nightclub fire.

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* The whole nation mourns the passing of its greatest scientist and educator.

perish: vi. (fml) die, especially in a sudden violent way

* Nearly 70,000 people perished in the earthquake that hit Sichuan Province in

western China on May 12, 2008.

* Many birds perished from hunger and cold last winter.

fill/step into sb.’s shoes: do the job that sb. used to do

* No one could fill into the shoes of such a great salesman.

* When Jack Welch retired from GE, Jeffrey Immelt stepped into his shoes.

pick at: touch or pull at with the fingers slightly

* She was always picking at her sweater with her nails.

* The baby loved to pick at his mother’s glasses.

heal: v. restore to health or soundness, cure

Food that is fresh and full of nutrients would help heal the patients.

I am healing slowly from my neck injury.

医生治好了那位士兵腿部的枪伤。(The surgeon healed the soldier's bullet wound in the

leg.)

coat: vt. cover (sth.) with a layer of a substance

* The board was coated with a special paint

* Amy coated the biscuits with chocolate.

* 他在椅子上涂了一层白漆。 (He coated his chairs with white paint.)

sting: vt. pierce or wound painfully with or as if with a sharp point, as that of certain

insects

* The boy got stung by a bee yesterday.

* The wood smoke stings my eyes.

* 我被格林先生的批评激怒了。 (I was stung by Mr. Green’s criticism. )

hijack: vt. use violence or threats to take control of a vehicle, esp. a plane

* A man with a knife hijacked the bus.

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* A British-flagged cargo ship was hijacked by pirates off Somalia.

9/11后纽约氛围写照

Part One (paras.1-9): The terror attacks threw the nation, particularly New

York City, into utter horror and chaos; people were

disillusioned. (幻想破灭的)

恐怖的一天

早晨的咖啡还没有凉，我们最宏伟的幻想却已被粉碎。在数分钟时间内，纽约最显赫的

象征之一成了一堆余烟未尽的废墟，而这个国家不可战胜的形象也成了一个谎言。

当世界贸易中心倒塌、街道上到处都有人哭叫、充满难以想象的恐怖场景时，令人窒息

的烟雾遮住了太阳，使曼哈顿下城区陷入了一片黑暗。

那些未被炸毁的大楼掩埋的人跑啊跑——就像八年前另一次恐怖袭击震撼了这个美国

力量的显赫标志一样。

对于美国其他地方的人们，还有另一次震惊需要承受---第二次自杀性袭击，这次是对准

五角大楼的。

更多的恐怖，更大的混乱，更多的不可思议：强大的美国居然如此不堪恐怖分子一击。

但是在曼哈顿下城区街道上，人们此刻没有时间责难和怪罪，没有时间谈报复，人们在

死去，警察和消防队员也随着一起在死去。

新闻评论员称这次袭击是第二次珍珠港事件，该事件时至今日一直是我们最悲痛的时

刻。政治家们谴责藏在阿富汗的可能的罪魁祸首。天暗之前，已有不太准确的报道称，愤

怒的美国正对喀布尔采取连续不断的报复行动。

总有一天我们会回顾2002年9月11日的早晨，并清晰地记起上午八点四十五分第一架

飞机撞击（世界贸易中心）北塔时我们在干什么。

我们会感到惊奇，在此之前我们居然认为这不可能。

Part Two (Paras.10-21): With wreckage, smoke and fire around New York

looked like a battlefield. America was seeking revenge.

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一天以后

昨天早上太阳升起的时候，有人开玩笑说，纽约城少了两颗大门牙。然而，在我们这一

代人的珍珠港事件发生之后，已没有什么可笑的事了。

过去矗立着世界贸易中心的地方，现在只有废墟、烟雾和火焰。数千人被埋在了种种的

瓦砾之下。

从曼哈顿下城区的废墟中拽出了几个人，这活生生的事例再次告诉我们，奇迹确实会发

生。

但是对在瓦砾中挖掘的人们而言，逝去的每一小时都消耗着他们的力量，销蚀他们发现

更多生还者的希望。

纽约的其余部分像是经历了一场特别猛烈的政变之后的一个第三世界国家的首都。

全副武装、头戴钢盔、身着迷彩服的国民警卫队员的车队隆隆地驶过曼哈顿。往常熙熙

攘攘的街道上是有少数几个人，他们看着国民警卫队员们开过去，有时也挥挥手。

纽约市民在报摊边等着早报到来，焦急的亲属们聚集在路边停放尸体地方的周围，手里

举着失踪者的照片。

在华盛顿，恐怖主义敢死队严重破坏了美国军事力量的神经中枢，政治家们擂起了战鼓，

我们的盟国保证与我们团结一致，表达了他们对恐怖行为的深恶痛绝。

“这不是一次恐怖行为，”布什总统说，“这是战争行为。”

调查人员指责藏在阿富汗的可能的罪魁祸首，并开始围捕那些制造自杀性爆炸者的可

能的同谋，这些狂热分子的面孔开始显露。

他们以为突然袭击震惊了美国。但是现在，就像半个多世纪前珍珠港事件之后一样，

该轮到我们行动了。

世界翘首以待，看着美国会采取什么行动。

Part Three (Paras.22-33): Nearly one year after the event the wounded city

began healing up; yet New Yorkers remained haunted

(受折磨的，焦虑

不安的)

by what they had seen.

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在痛苦和希望中回顾

早在那两架波音飞机撞到双子塔之前很久，诗人珀西·比希·雪莱就写到“背上一年一

轮回”。纽约也是这样。

地球绕太阳旋转一周的时间，足以清除废墟残骸，但是不足以磨灭对那里发生过的事情

的记忆。

一年的时间足以埋葬我们能够找到的尸体，却不足以真正哀悼数千名死者。

一年的时间足以筹划纪念活动，却不足以填补曼哈顿下城区豁裂的伤口。

因为一年的时间，不就是历史薄薄的一页，蜂鸟振翅拍打的一瞬间吗?

但是，在十二个月的时间内，受伤的纽约市站起来了，愤怒的美国狠狠的打击了塔利班，

逼的乌萨马·本·拉登只好躲藏起来。

新一代的消防队员和警察前仆后继接替了死者的岗位，新一代的孤儿面对着未卜的前

途。

纽约人谈吐的口气依然强硬，依然一如既往地生活，但是缺少了许多洋洋自得和欢乐的

成分，他们依然摆脱不了所经历的目睹的事情的阴影。

他们怎能不这样呢？零点地就在地铁一程之外，似乎每个人都认识一个在9/11那天离家

未归的人，似乎每个人都被这场悲剧所触动。

这次残杀的景象，就像琥珀中的苍蝇，永远不能磨灭---飞机的撞击、双塔起火燃烧、向

死亡深渊纵身跳去的男男女女刹那间定格空中一动不动的景象历历在目。

现在日历翻到了我们必须重温的9/11的日子，现在日历要求我们纪念死者。现在日历要

求我们触及刚开始愈合的伤口。

但是日历没有表明，地球还要围着太阳转多少圈，伤疤的疼痛才会消失。

Part Four (Paras.34- 47): On the first anniversary people gathered to mourn the

dead. As time passes grief might gradually die down, but

the memory will go on.

一年之后

与一年前飞机撞到双塔的那个早上一样，这一天早上天空湛蓝，阳光明媚，强劲的西北

风吹起了零点地的尘土。

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尘土覆盖在孩子们拿到大土坑的红玫瑰上。

尘土刺痛了前来送别的伤心欲绝的人们的双眼，粘在他们的泪水中。

尘土像伊斯兰教的托钵僧一样，在曾经耸立世界贸易中心的空荡荡的地方飞舞盘旋。

有些哀悼者虔诚地认为尘土中有他们逝去的亲人的阴魂，于是他们张开嘴，把尘土吸进。

有些哀悼者在尘土中看到了那个致命的日子的景象：大伙就在这块土地上燃烧，尘土和

烟雾在活人和死人身上积结成块。

有些始终未能找到尸体掩埋的哀悼者将一把把褐色的尘土装入塑料袋作为纪念，留着永

久的纪念。

我们再不会用同样的方法回顾9/11。

昨天跟着风笛手和鼓手走下匝道、进入空地的那两万四千人的队伍，今后将日渐稀落。

不再会有那么多美国人在早上八点四十五分停下来，纪念那一架被劫持的飞机撞进北塔

的时刻。

不再会点燃那么多的蜡烛，不再会挥舞那么多的旗帜。不再会发表那么多的演说。不再

会唱那么多的歌。不再会流那么多的泪。

相反，将有新的建筑物填补曾经矗立着双塔的空地，新的建筑物将在那里建起，作为两

千八百零一名死者的纪念碑。新的建筑物将矗立在那神圣的十六英亩的土地上，让那些敢

于向我们进攻的疯子见鬼去。

诗人让·德·拉封丹写道：“悲伤乘着时间的翅膀而远去。

但是记忆，就像那尘土，将不会很快消失。

Key to the Exs.

P210-213 Vocabulary

I 1. 1) divined 2）nerves 3）solidarity

hijack 8) grief

denounced

2. 1) drop… off 2) applied for 3) went off

blotted out 7)think back on 8) picking at

4) are gaining on 5) bring down 6)

4）sacred; mourn 5)coated 6) perish 7)

12) 9) farewell 10) take revenge on 11) revolves

3. 1)… brought down the American housing market in 2008

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2)… what will happen after his son steps into his shoes?

3) …not in the mood to go out

4…) long before the market began to show signs of weakness

5)… mourn the loss of the tranquil life we had in the countryside

4. 1) in the aftermath of; to blot our; the tragic 2) armed; at dust; accomplices; explosive

3) in the space of; no illusion

P215 :

1. As the boy grew older

2. she sings as beautifully as a nightingale // sings like a nightingale

3. they don’t see themselves as servants of the people

4. As she had left her key in the office

5. Just do as you are told

6. Areas once regarded as rural

7. as they do in China

8. As he was brave and loyal as well

P216-218 Comprehensive Exercises:

I. Cloze

2) tragic 3) in the (immediate) aftermath of 4) chaos

6)solidarity 7) take revenge on 8)

thinking back on

1. Text-related 1) mood

5)toppling

9)mourning 10) perished

2. Theme-related

1) crashed 2) horrible 3) harsh 4) protect

II.

8)justify 9)rewarded

Translation

10)devastating

5) remove 6) utterly 7) truly

1. Sentence Translation

1. Some high-ranking officers of the armed forces started a coup, toppling the government and

throwing the country into chaos.

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2. The falling market shattered her illusion about getting rich quickly

3. Thinking back on the history of World War II, we can see that the formation of the Allies was

the natural product of the development of political and military circumstances then.

4. Paul felt stung when Jim called him a religious fanatic. But as he was in no mood for q

quarrel//not in a quarreling mood, he simply pretended not to hear it.

5. People say that time heals all wounds. But for those who have lost their loved ones in the

event, will time fill up the void in their hearts?

2. Passage Translation

Today, long after the earthquake shook // hit my tome-town, I can still recall, in crystal detail,

what I saw as I ran out of my home with my parents. The building just across the street toppled

right before our eyes, debris flew everywhere and a cloud of choking dust blotted out the sun.

Horror-stricken people ran in all directions, crying and screaming.

Now, many years after that tragic event, a new town has risen on the wreckage of the old one.

In the town square, a memorial has been built to remember those killed in the disaster. It seems

the wounds in people’s hearts have healed, but the memory will linger.