浅尝Selenium自动化框架

• Selenium基本介绍
• Selenium原理
• Selenium学习要点
• 写个Selenium Demo
• 结束

Selenium基本介绍

Selenium 是一个开源的自动化测试工具，只用于测试 Web 应用程序。它支持多种编程语言（如 Java、Python、C# 等）来编写测试脚本，同时兼容主流的浏览器（如 Chrome、Firefox、Edge 等）。
👉👉👉官网 官方文档
直白点一句话总结：Selenium用来做桌面端（win/mac）上的浏览器web自动化。

Selenium原理

+-------------------------------------+
|          Test Script (Client)       |
|     (Python, Java, C#, etc.)        |
+-------------------+-----------------+
                    |
        WebDriver API (JSON Wire Protocol)
                    |
+-------------------+-----------------+
|          Browser Drivers            |
| (ChromeDriver, GeckoDriver, etc.)   |
+-------------------+-----------------+
                    |
              Browsers
     (Chrome, Firefox, Edge, etc.)

• Test Script
  用户通过编程语言调用 WebDriver API 来编写测试用例。
• WebDriver API
  提供了浏览器操作的方法（如 .click(), .get()）。
  WebDriver 使用 JSON Wire Protocol 与浏览器驱动通信，将测试用例中的操作翻译成浏览器能够理解的命令。
• Browser Drivers
  浏览器驱动（中间层），将 API 的调用翻译为浏览器可理解的指令。
  不同浏览器需要不同的驱动程序（如 ChromeDriver、GeckoDriver 等）。
  驱动程序将 WebDriver 发出的命令传递给浏览器。
• Browsers 浏览器
  浏览器根据驱动程序的指令执行实际的操作（如打开页面、点击按钮等），并返回执行结果。

Selenium学习要点

我是基于python学习的，步骤非常简单。

pip install selenium

然后要学一下XPath这种XML查询语言，就可以开始写代码啦。

写个Selenium Demo

最近蛀牙了，做根管治疗，要经常定期挂号，但是那医生又有点人气，放号又是随机时间，经常约不到号，就很尴尬。所以就想做一个自动通知挂号的脚本。

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
import time
import random
from typing import Optional, List
from datetime import datetime
 
def find_doctor_and_nextpage(driver, doctor_name, hospital_name, department_name):
    page_index = 0
    while True:
        page_index += 1
        doctors = driver.find_elements(By.XPATH, '//*[@id="expert_div_1"]/div[*]/div[1]/div[2]')
 
        for doctor in doctors:
            text = doctor.text
            if doctor_name in text and hospital_name in text and department_name in text:
                try:
                    # 在当前医生元素中查找链接
                    link_element = doctor.find_element(By.XPATH, './ul/li[1]/span[1]/a')  # 相对 XPath
                    href = link_element.get_attribute("href")  # 获取链接的 href 属性
                    print(f"Found the link to the doctor at page {page_index}. href={href}")
                    return href
                except Exception as e:
                    print(f"Do not find the doctor link, doctor.text={text}. {e}")
 
        # 搜索下一页
        try:
            switch_page_bar = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//*[@id="page1"]')
            next_page_btn = switch_page_bar.find_element(By.XPATH, './/*[contains(text(), "下一页")]')
            href = next_page_btn.get_attribute('href')
            if href:
                print(f"Page {page_index} has been searched completely with no matches found, proceeding to the next page.")
                time.sleep(random.randint(2, 5))
                next_page_btn.click()
            else:
                print(f"The search has reached the last page {page_index} and no matches found.")
                return False
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"find_doctor_and_nextpage Error. {e}")
            return False
 
 
def search_doctor(driver, base_url, doctor_name, hospital_name, department_name):
    try:
        # 打开搜索页面（基网址传入）
        driver.get(base_url)
 
        # 定位搜索框并输入医生
        doctor_input = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@id='txtSearch']")
 
        doctor_input.clear()
        doctor_input.send_keys(doctor_name)
 
        # 点击搜索按钮
        search_button = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[3]/div/input[3]")
        search_button.click()
 
        try:
            # 等待跳转到结果页面
            WebDriverWait(driver, 5).until(
                EC.presence_of_all_elements_located((By.XPATH, "//*[@id='expert_div_1']/div[1]"))
            )
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"Search the doctor timeout, name={doctor_name}. {e}")
            return False
 
        doctor_link = find_doctor_and_nextpage(driver, doctor_name, hospital_name, department_name)
        # print(f"doctor_link={doctor_link}")
        return doctor_link
 
    except Exception as e:
        print(f":Search the doctor failed, name={doctor_name}. {e}")
        return False
 
def convert_to_datetime(date_str):
    try:
        return datetime.strptime(date_str, "%m-%d")
    except ValueError:
        return None
 
def parse_target_date(target_date) -> List[datetime]:
    """
    解析入参 target_date，支持单个日期、多个日期和日期范围。
    '01-05'
    '01-05, 01-07, 01-19'
    '01-05~02-02'
    返回日期对象列表。
    """
    if isinstance(target_date, str):
        if '~' in target_date:  # 日期范围
            start_date_str, end_date_str = target_date.split('~')
            start_date = convert_to_datetime(start_date_str)
            end_date = convert_to_datetime(end_date_str)
            return [start_date, end_date] if start_date and end_date else []
 
        elif ',' in target_date:  # 多个日期
            date_str_list = [date.strip() for date in target_date.split(',')]
            converted_dates = [convert_to_datetime(date_str) for date_str in date_str_list]
            return [date for date in converted_dates if date]
 
        else:  # 单个日期
            single_date = convert_to_datetime(target_date)
            return [single_date] if single_date else []
 
    return []
 
def check_availability(driver, doctor_link, target_date, target_time: Optional[str]):
    """在网页中检查是否有目标日期时间的号源"""
    can_be_appointments = False
 
    try:
        driver.get(doctor_link)
 
        try:
            # 等待跳转到结果页面
            doctor_subscribe = WebDriverWait(driver, 5).until(
                EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, '//*[@class="doctorsubscribe"]'))
            )
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"Open link {doctor_link} timeout. {e}")
            return False
 
        # 匹配日期
        date_items = doctor_subscribe.find_elements(By.XPATH, './div[1]/ul/li/span[1]')
 
        parsed_dates = parse_target_date(target_date.strip())
 
        matched_indices = []
 
        if '~' in target_date:  # 日期范围
            if len(parsed_dates) == 2 and isinstance(parsed_dates[0], datetime) and isinstance(parsed_dates[1],
                                                                                               datetime):  # 日期范围
                start_date, end_date = parsed_dates
                for idx, item in enumerate(date_items):
                    item_date = convert_to_datetime(item.text)
                    if item_date and start_date <= item_date <= end_date:
                        matched_indices.append(idx)
        elif len(parsed_dates) > 1:  # 多个日期
            for idx, item in enumerate(date_items):
                item_date = convert_to_datetime(item.text)
                if item_date and item.text in [date.strftime("%m-%d") for date in parsed_dates]:
                    matched_indices.append(idx)
        elif len(parsed_dates) == 1:  # 单个日期
            for idx, item in enumerate(date_items):
                item_date = convert_to_datetime(item.text)
                if item_date and item.text == parsed_dates[0].strftime("%m-%d"):
                    matched_indices.append(idx)
 
        if len(matched_indices) > 0:
            print(f"Found the matched date index {matched_indices}")
        else:
            print(f"No matched date can be found.")
            return False
 
        whliesubscribe = doctor_subscribe.find_elements(By.XPATH, './div[2]/ul/li')
        for index in matched_indices:
            if index < len(whliesubscribe):
                element = whliesubscribe[index]
                if "预约" in element.text:
                    can_be_appointments = True
                    print(f"There are available slots on  {date_items[index].text}, and appointments can be made.")
                    return True
 
        # 匹配时间
        print(f"can_be_appointments={can_be_appointments}")
 
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"check_availability Error. {e}")
        return False
 
 
 
def book_appointment(driver):
    """执行挂号流程"""
    try:
        # 点击预约按钮
        book_button = driver.find_element(By.ID, "book_button")  # 替换为实际 ID
        book_button.click()
 
        # 填写必要的预约信息
        patient_name = driver.find_element(By.ID, "patient_name_input")  # 替换为实际 ID
        patient_phone = driver.find_element(By.ID, "patient_phone_input")  # 替换为实际 ID
 
        patient_name.send_keys("测试患者")  # 替换为实际患者姓名
        patient_phone.send_keys("12345678901")  # 替换为实际联系电话
 
        # 确认预约
        confirm_button = driver.find_element(By.ID, "confirm_button")  # 替换为实际 ID
        confirm_button.click()
 
        print("挂号成功！")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"挂号出错: {e}")
 
 
def main(base_url, doctor_name, hospital, department, target_date, target_time):
    """主程序入口"""
    driver = webdriver.Chrome()  # 浏览器驱动
 
    try:
        # 步骤 1：搜索医生
        doctor_link = search_doctor(driver, base_url, doctor_name, hospital, department)
        if not doctor_link:
            print("Search doctor failed.")
            return
 
        # doctor_link = 'https://www.xxx/UrpOnline/Home/Doctor/2439FC00A213861E30C599CDDD0833B8'
 
        # 步骤 2：检查是否有目标日期的号源
        if check_availability(driver, doctor_link, target_date, target_time):
            print(f"找到 {target_date} 的号源，开始预约...")
        else:
            print(f"没有找到 {target_date} 的号源。")
 
    finally:
        # 关闭浏览器
        driver.quit()
 
 
# 示例调用
if __name__ == "__main__":
    main(
        base_url="https://www.xxx/UrpOnline/Home/DoctorList/",
        doctor_name="医师",
        # doctor_name="张三",
        hospital="中山医院",
        department="皮肤科",
        # department="便民门诊2",
        # department="消化内科asdf午间门诊", # 第4页
        # target_date="01-05~01-06",
        target_date="01-05~02-01",
        target_time=None
    )

结束

有什么问题可以留言或者私信哦！

浅尝Selenium自动化框架

• Selenium基本介绍
• Selenium原理
• Selenium学习要点
• 写个Selenium Demo
• 结束

Selenium基本介绍

Selenium 是一个开源的自动化测试工具，只用于测试 Web 应用程序。它支持多种编程语言（如 Java、Python、C# 等）来编写测试脚本，同时兼容主流的浏览器（如 Chrome、Firefox、Edge 等）。
👉👉👉官网 官方文档
直白点一句话总结：Selenium用来做桌面端（win/mac）上的浏览器web自动化。

Selenium原理

+-------------------------------------+
|          Test Script (Client)       |
|     (Python, Java, C#, etc.)        |
+-------------------+-----------------+
                    |
        WebDriver API (JSON Wire Protocol)
                    |
+-------------------+-----------------+
|          Browser Drivers            |
| (ChromeDriver, GeckoDriver, etc.)   |
+-------------------+-----------------+
                    |
              Browsers
     (Chrome, Firefox, Edge, etc.)

• Test Script
  用户通过编程语言调用 WebDriver API 来编写测试用例。
• WebDriver API
  提供了浏览器操作的方法（如 .click(), .get()）。
  WebDriver 使用 JSON Wire Protocol 与浏览器驱动通信，将测试用例中的操作翻译成浏览器能够理解的命令。
• Browser Drivers
  浏览器驱动（中间层），将 API 的调用翻译为浏览器可理解的指令。
  不同浏览器需要不同的驱动程序（如 ChromeDriver、GeckoDriver 等）。
  驱动程序将 WebDriver 发出的命令传递给浏览器。
• Browsers 浏览器
  浏览器根据驱动程序的指令执行实际的操作（如打开页面、点击按钮等），并返回执行结果。

Selenium学习要点

我是基于python学习的，步骤非常简单。

pip install selenium

然后要学一下XPath这种XML查询语言，就可以开始写代码啦。

写个Selenium Demo

最近蛀牙了，做根管治疗，要经常定期挂号，但是那医生又有点人气，放号又是随机时间，经常约不到号，就很尴尬。所以就想做一个自动通知挂号的脚本。

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
import time
import random
from typing import Optional, List
from datetime import datetime
 
def find_doctor_and_nextpage(driver, doctor_name, hospital_name, department_name):
    page_index = 0
    while True:
        page_index += 1
        doctors = driver.find_elements(By.XPATH, '//*[@id="expert_div_1"]/div[*]/div[1]/div[2]')
 
        for doctor in doctors:
            text = doctor.text
            if doctor_name in text and hospital_name in text and department_name in text:
                try:
                    # 在当前医生元素中查找链接
                    link_element = doctor.find_element(By.XPATH, './ul/li[1]/span[1]/a')  # 相对 XPath
                    href = link_element.get_attribute("href")  # 获取链接的 href 属性
                    print(f"Found the link to the doctor at page {page_index}. href={href}")
                    return href
                except Exception as e:
                    print(f"Do not find the doctor link, doctor.text={text}. {e}")
 
        # 搜索下一页
        try:
            switch_page_bar = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//*[@id="page1"]')
            next_page_btn = switch_page_bar.find_element(By.XPATH, './/*[contains(text(), "下一页")]')
            href = next_page_btn.get_attribute('href')
            if href:
                print(f"Page {page_index} has been searched completely with no matches found, proceeding to the next page.")
                time.sleep(random.randint(2, 5))
                next_page_btn.click()
            else:
                print(f"The search has reached the last page {page_index} and no matches found.")
                return False
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"find_doctor_and_nextpage Error. {e}")
            return False
 
 
def search_doctor(driver, base_url, doctor_name, hospital_name, department_name):
    try:
        # 打开搜索页面（基网址传入）
        driver.get(base_url)
 
        # 定位搜索框并输入医生
        doctor_input = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@id='txtSearch']")
 
        doctor_input.clear()
        doctor_input.send_keys(doctor_name)
 
        # 点击搜索按钮
        search_button = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "/html/body/div[3]/div/div[3]/div/input[3]")
        search_button.click()
 
        try:
            # 等待跳转到结果页面
            WebDriverWait(driver, 5).until(
                EC.presence_of_all_elements_located((By.XPATH, "//*[@id='expert_div_1']/div[1]"))
            )
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"Search the doctor timeout, name={doctor_name}. {e}")
            return False
 
        doctor_link = find_doctor_and_nextpage(driver, doctor_name, hospital_name, department_name)
        # print(f"doctor_link={doctor_link}")
        return doctor_link
 
    except Exception as e:
        print(f":Search the doctor failed, name={doctor_name}. {e}")
        return False
 
def convert_to_datetime(date_str):
    try:
        return datetime.strptime(date_str, "%m-%d")
    except ValueError:
        return None
 
def parse_target_date(target_date) -> List[datetime]:
    """
    解析入参 target_date，支持单个日期、多个日期和日期范围。
    '01-05'
    '01-05, 01-07, 01-19'
    '01-05~02-02'
    返回日期对象列表。
    """
    if isinstance(target_date, str):
        if '~' in target_date:  # 日期范围
            start_date_str, end_date_str = target_date.split('~')
            start_date = convert_to_datetime(start_date_str)
            end_date = convert_to_datetime(end_date_str)
            return [start_date, end_date] if start_date and end_date else []
 
        elif ',' in target_date:  # 多个日期
            date_str_list = [date.strip() for date in target_date.split(',')]
            converted_dates = [convert_to_datetime(date_str) for date_str in date_str_list]
            return [date for date in converted_dates if date]
 
        else:  # 单个日期
            single_date = convert_to_datetime(target_date)
            return [single_date] if single_date else []
 
    return []
 
def check_availability(driver, doctor_link, target_date, target_time: Optional[str]):
    """在网页中检查是否有目标日期时间的号源"""
    can_be_appointments = False
 
    try:
        driver.get(doctor_link)
 
        try:
            # 等待跳转到结果页面
            doctor_subscribe = WebDriverWait(driver, 5).until(
                EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, '//*[@class="doctorsubscribe"]'))
            )
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"Open link {doctor_link} timeout. {e}")
            return False
 
        # 匹配日期
        date_items = doctor_subscribe.find_elements(By.XPATH, './div[1]/ul/li/span[1]')
 
        parsed_dates = parse_target_date(target_date.strip())
 
        matched_indices = []
 
        if '~' in target_date:  # 日期范围
            if len(parsed_dates) == 2 and isinstance(parsed_dates[0], datetime) and isinstance(parsed_dates[1],
                                                                                               datetime):  # 日期范围
                start_date, end_date = parsed_dates
                for idx, item in enumerate(date_items):
                    item_date = convert_to_datetime(item.text)
                    if item_date and start_date <= item_date <= end_date:
                        matched_indices.append(idx)
        elif len(parsed_dates) > 1:  # 多个日期
            for idx, item in enumerate(date_items):
                item_date = convert_to_datetime(item.text)
                if item_date and item.text in [date.strftime("%m-%d") for date in parsed_dates]:
                    matched_indices.append(idx)
        elif len(parsed_dates) == 1:  # 单个日期
            for idx, item in enumerate(date_items):
                item_date = convert_to_datetime(item.text)
                if item_date and item.text == parsed_dates[0].strftime("%m-%d"):
                    matched_indices.append(idx)
 
        if len(matched_indices) > 0:
            print(f"Found the matched date index {matched_indices}")
        else:
            print(f"No matched date can be found.")
            return False
 
        whliesubscribe = doctor_subscribe.find_elements(By.XPATH, './div[2]/ul/li')
        for index in matched_indices:
            if index < len(whliesubscribe):
                element = whliesubscribe[index]
                if "预约" in element.text:
                    can_be_appointments = True
                    print(f"There are available slots on  {date_items[index].text}, and appointments can be made.")
                    return True
 
        # 匹配时间
        print(f"can_be_appointments={can_be_appointments}")
 
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"check_availability Error. {e}")
        return False
 
 
 
def book_appointment(driver):
    """执行挂号流程"""
    try:
        # 点击预约按钮
        book_button = driver.find_element(By.ID, "book_button")  # 替换为实际 ID
        book_button.click()
 
        # 填写必要的预约信息
        patient_name = driver.find_element(By.ID, "patient_name_input")  # 替换为实际 ID
        patient_phone = driver.find_element(By.ID, "patient_phone_input")  # 替换为实际 ID
 
        patient_name.send_keys("测试患者")  # 替换为实际患者姓名
        patient_phone.send_keys("12345678901")  # 替换为实际联系电话
 
        # 确认预约
        confirm_button = driver.find_element(By.ID, "confirm_button")  # 替换为实际 ID
        confirm_button.click()
 
        print("挂号成功！")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"挂号出错: {e}")
 
 
def main(base_url, doctor_name, hospital, department, target_date, target_time):
    """主程序入口"""
    driver = webdriver.Chrome()  # 浏览器驱动
 
    try:
        # 步骤 1：搜索医生
        doctor_link = search_doctor(driver, base_url, doctor_name, hospital, department)
        if not doctor_link:
            print("Search doctor failed.")
            return
 
        # doctor_link = 'https://www.xxx/UrpOnline/Home/Doctor/2439FC00A213861E30C599CDDD0833B8'
 
        # 步骤 2：检查是否有目标日期的号源
        if check_availability(driver, doctor_link, target_date, target_time):
            print(f"找到 {target_date} 的号源，开始预约...")
        else:
            print(f"没有找到 {target_date} 的号源。")
 
    finally:
        # 关闭浏览器
        driver.quit()
 
 
# 示例调用
if __name__ == "__main__":
    main(
        base_url="https://www.xxx/UrpOnline/Home/DoctorList/",
        doctor_name="医师",
        # doctor_name="张三",
        hospital="中山医院",
        department="皮肤科",
        # department="便民门诊2",
        # department="消化内科asdf午间门诊", # 第4页
        # target_date="01-05~01-06",
        target_date="01-05~02-01",
        target_time=None
    )

结束

有什么问题可以留言或者私信哦！