2023年12月20日发(作者：裔念寒)
Lesson 01 A Puma at large 逃遁的美洲狮
New words and expression 生词和短语
学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用
学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里
puma n.美洲狮
spot v.看出, 发现??
= see, pick out, recognize, catch sight of 强调结果, 辨别出, 看见, 识别, 发
现
-- A tall man is easy to spot in the crowd.
-- He has good eye for spotting mistakes.
同意词：
-- find：强调发现的结果 / find?out：查出事实真相
-- discover：做出重大发现 / notice：注意到
-- observe：观察 / watch：观察活动中的人或画面
Spot n.斑点
-- There is a white spot on the shirt.
on the spot 有两个含义：
1> 立刻, 马上（at?once, immediately）
-- Anyone breaking the rules will be asked to leave on the spot.
2> at?the?place?of?the?action 在现场
-- Wherever she is needed, she is quickly on the spot.
Evidence n.证据（不可数名词）
Evident adj.明显的, 显然的 / evidently adv.明显地, 显然
Evidence = proof (n.证据)
-- When the police arrived, he had already destroyed the
evidence.
in?evidence 显而易见的
-- He was in evidence at the party.
Accumulate v.积累, 积聚（强调积累的过程）
-- As the evidence accumulates, experts from the zoo felt obliged
to investigate.
Gather vt.聚集, 把某人召集在某处
-- The teacher gathered his students in the class
Collect vt.搜集, 采集
-- Do you collect stamps? Yes, I collect stamps as my hobby.（n.业余爱好）
Assemble v.集合, 集会 / 装配
-- A large number of people assemble on the square.
Hoard vt.大量的储存 （-- hoard?up = store?up 储藏）
-- The squirrel hoards up nuts for the cold winter （squirrel n.松鼠） nut n.坚果）
amass vt.积聚（主要用于诗歌和文学作品）
-- The clouds amassed above the hills
Oblige v.使„感到必须
feel?obliged?to?do?sth 感觉有必要做某事
-- I feel obliged to say no to his demand（n.要求, 需要）
be?obliged?to?do?sth 被迫做某事
-- They were obliged to sell their car to pay their debts off.（debt
n.债务）
追猎, 寻找 （hunt for）
-- The experts from London zoo began to hunt (v.) for a puma.
-- The hunt (n.) for the puma proved the difficult. （prove vt.证明,
证实）
search 搜寻某处为了寻找到某人或某物
-- The police were searching the forest for the missing boy.
run?after 强调追赶, 追求
-- look, a dog is running after a cat
-- what are you run after in your life
seek = pursue? v.追寻(理想)
chase v.追赶 （-- They are chasing a thief / They are running
after a thief）
blackberry n.黑莓 / berry n.浆果
human?being 人类
corner v.使走投无路, 使陷入困境
作为动词, 经常使用被动语态
-- The thief was cornered at last
-- The problem cornered me.
corner n.角落
-- at the corner of the street
-- in the corner of the room
-- on the corner of the desk
Trail n.一串, 一系列
trail vt. 跟踪, 追踪（= follow）
-- The police trailed the criminal to the place where he was hiding
（criminal n.
罪犯）
Print n.印痕
Cling v.粘 （clung, clung, clinging）
-- She is always clinging to her mother.
-- He clung to the hope that he would succeed. 他怀有成功的希望
stick? v.粘住 （-- stick the envelop）n.信封
stick?to?坚持 （-- stick to the plan / stick to one’s promise）n.许诺
sticky? adj.粘的 （-- sticky fingers）
convince v.使„信服
1>convince sb of sth
-- I convince him of my honesty.（n.诚实, 正直） 我使他相信我的诚实。
2> be?convinced that…
-- I am convinced that she is honest girl.（adj.诚实的, 正直的）
somehow adv.不知怎么搞地, 不知什么原因
= by some means, in some way, for some reason unknown
-- I’ll get the book back somehow. 无论如何我要把这本书取回来。
-- I got lost somehow 不知怎么搞地, 我迷失了。
Somewhat adv.稍微, 有点, 有些 （= a little）
-- The price is somewhat higher than I expect.（high adj.高的）
disturb v.令人不安
disturbing adj.令人不安的 / disturbed adj.感到不安的
surprising adj.令人惊讶的 / surprised adj.感到惊讶的
exciting adj.令人激动的 / excited adj.感到激动的
wild adj.野性的, 野生的
investigate v.调查, 研究
de 脚本 ion n.描写, 描述
extraordinarily adv.特别地，非常地，格外
similar adj.相似的, 类似的
attack vt.攻击
difficult adj.困难的, 艰难的 difficulty n.困难, 难点
rabbit n.兔, 野兔
paw n.手掌, 手爪
fur n.毛皮, 毛, 软毛
bush n.矮树丛
fully adv.充分地, 完全地
collector n.收藏家, 征收者
Text 课文
at?large 逃遁的, 没有被控制的
-- The thief is still at large
at large 详细地（= in?detail）n.细节, 详情
-- I need talk to you at large
at large 总体来讲（= as?a?whole）
-- The students at large are hungry for English. （hungry adj.饥饿的, 渴望的）
Where must the puma have come from?
Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America.
在英文的表达方式中，首先呈现给读者的是结果（和中文不同）
英文擅长用长句，中文擅长用短句。
-- Pandas are large cat-like animals which are found in Asia.
（panda n.熊猫）
cat-like 猫一样的, 偷偷摸摸的 / dog-like 狗一样的 / life-like
栩栩如生的
When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been
spotted
forty-five miles
south of London, they were not taken seriously.
一般来讲定语从句和同位语从句紧随在被修饰名词的后面，但为了保持句子
平衡，也可以把谓语动词放到从句之前
1> 定语从句只是对于被修饰词的补充说明、修饰
-- 定语从句的引导词：
-- 指人：主语 who；宾语 who, whom；定语?whose
-- 指物：that（也可以指人）/ which
-- 时间状语：when / 地点状语：where / 原因状语：why
2> 同位语从句则是讲述被修饰名词的内容
-- 同位语从句的引导词：
-- 名词(做主语、宾语等)：关系词用 that 而不是 which
-- 时间：when；?地点：where
-- 定语从句中没有 what 这个关系词，但 what 可以引导同位语从句
-- An idea came to her that she might do the experiment in
another way.
-- I?have?no?idea?what?has?happened?to?him。
they were not taken seriously（they 指代 reports）
take sth seriously = deal with sth seriously 认真地对待某事
-- I always take your suggestions seriously.
take sth lightly 草率地对待某事 （lightly adv.轻率地）
-- Don’t take the hot potato lightly （hot potato n.棘手的问题）
-
However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the
Zoo felt obliged
to
investigate, for the descrptions given by people who claimed to
have seen the
puma were
extraordinarily similar.
However adv.然而(起转折作用)
As 连词：随着, 当...之时
过去分词做定语：
-- the descrptions given by people
-- the story told by the sailor (n.海员, 水手, 船员)
-- a book written by Luxun
claim?to?have?done?sth 声称曾经做过某事
-- He claimed to have been the manager of the large shop.
The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman
picking
blackberries saw
’a large cat‟ only five yards away from her.
Where a woman picking„ 定语从句
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-- I still remember the school where I studied English.
It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed
that a puma will
not attack
a human being unless it is cornered.
Confirm = be sure = be certain (confirm vt.确定)
Unless it is cornered = if it is not cornered (unless conj.如果不,
除非)
-- He will accept the job unless the salary is too low.
The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at
one place in the
morning
and at another place twenty miles away in the evening.
search = hunt
Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small
animals like
rabbits.
把某物留在后面：leave?behind
-- Wherever he went, the wound left behind him a trail of blood.（n.血）
Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was
found clinging to
bushes.
英文表达方式习惯用被动语态, 突出客观事实。而中文则善于运用动作的执
行者。
puma fur was found clinging to bushes. （被动）
à We found the puma fur clinging to bushes. （主动）
-- clinging to bushes 是现在分词短语做宾补
Several people complained of “cat-like noises‟ at night and a
businessman on
a fishing trip
saw the puma up a tree.
complain?of/about?sth 抱怨某事
on+名词：强调动作正在进行
-- on?the?rise 在上升 / on?the?increase 在增加
-- on?the?watch 在观看 / on?the?match 在比赛中
-- on?the?fishing?trip 在钓鱼的途中 / on?holiday 在度假
The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a
puma, but where
had it come
from?
Fully（adv.充分地, 完全地）= completely = entirely
As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the
country, this one
must have
been in the possession of a private collector and somehow
managed to escape.
sth be in?the?possession?of?sb = sth be in?sb’s?possession 某物归某人所有
(主语是物)
-- The beautiful car is in my possession.= The beautiful car is in
the possession
of me.
Sb be in?possession?of?sth 某人拥有某物(主语是人)
-- I am in possession of the beautiful car.（in possession of„ 做表语）
-- The person in possession of the big house is excited. （in
possession of„ 做
定语）
take?possession?of„ 拥有„
The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not
caught.
Went on = lasted （last vi.继续, 持续）
It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at
large in the quiet
countryside.
It is disturbing to 一想到„就心理不安
-- It is disturbing to think that I fail my examination
in the quiet countryside 在宁静的山村
Special difficulties 难点
Exercises A
1. at/for 2. to 3. to 4. in 5. on
Exercises B
1. He is the man we have heard about so much.
2. The shelf you put those books on has collapsed.（vi.倒塌, 崩溃, 瓦解）
did you receive a letter from?
特殊疑问句中 whom?不能省略（本句）。
定语从句中 Which 以及指代人的做宾语的 Whom, 在非正式用法当中可以省
略。
省略时，介词不能前置到关系代词 Whom, Which 前，只能用于非固定的动
词短语后面。
固定的动词短语
look?for：寻找（去掉 for 后 look 没有寻找的意思，所以介词 for 不能前置）
非固定的动词短语
look?at：注视
live?in：居住（去掉 in 后 live 仍有居住的意思，所以介词 in
可以前置）
This is the old house in which he lived. = This is the old house he
lived in.
is the road we came by?
is the pencil you were playing with?
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1„ 正确答案：D
in common adv.共有 （替换了 similar）
2„ 正确答案：B
A）只是一个具体的特定的事列，阅读理解题的时候要把握中心大意
B）?large?cat
persuade v.说服, 劝说
3„ 答案正确：C?
做理解题时要紧扣主题、紧扣中心大意
文章最后一句话总结了大意
句型结构题和词汇题是每课的关键
4„ 答案正确：C?
Make 的用法：
make?somebody?do（在主动语态中不定式的符号 to 应该省略）
be?made?to?do（被动语态中不定式的符号 to 必须补充完整）
-- They made her wait for hours. à She was made to wait for
hours.
5„ 答案正确： D?
A）把 say 改成 claim 就对了 （--
People?claimed?to?have?seen?the?puma.）
D）清楚的道明了动作发生的先后关系
6„ 正确答案：B
原句中的?when 引导的时间状语从句表示：－...就„（as?soon?as）
被动：On being observed, it immediately ran away.
主动：On?observing?her, it?immediately?ran?away.
On seeing me, he waved to me.
7„ 正确答案：D
except 可以和名词/名词性从句进行搭配（也可是 when/if 引导的从句形式）
unless = if...not = except on the condition that…
when = if
-- …except when they are cornered. = …except if they are
cornered.
-- Whenever you come, you are welcome. = If ever you come,
you are welcome.
8„ 正确答案：D
A）must?be 只是对客观现实的推测，时态不一致
-- 对于过去事实推测一定要用：情态动词+ have +过去分词
9„ 正确答案：C
on more than = nothing more than = only / within = not more
than
10„ 正确答案：B
in?a?corner 偷偷摸摸地, 暗中地, 秘密地
in?a?trap 落于陷阱中
at an angle 不正的, 倾斜的（angle n.角, 角度, 角落, 墙角, 棱角）
under cover 在遮蔽处, 秘密地, 暗中
11... 正确答案：B
fishes?for?pleasure 钓鱼消遣
travel for pleasure 外出游玩
read for pleasure 阅读消遣
12…
on one’s own adv.独自地, 独立地, 主动地 （= alone）
for one’s own benefit 为了某人自己的利益。
Lesson 02 Thirteen equals one 十三等于一
New words and expression 生词和短语
equal? v.等于
A 等于 B à A equals B
Equal vt.与...相匹敌
-- None?of?us?can?equal?her, either?in?beauty?or?as?a dancer.
be?equal?to +名词（equal adj.不相上下的）
-- Mary is quite equal to John in brains.（n.智力, 脑髓）
玛丽可以和约翰在脑力上相匹敌。
be?equal?to doing：有能力, 有力量来做某事??（to 是介词）
-- I am equal to running the company.
vicar n.牧师
raise v.募集，筹（款） -- raise money 募集资金
提高 -- raise the price 提高物价
饲养、供养 -- raise a horse 饲养一匹马
种植 -- raise wheat 种植小麦
召集、招募 -- raise an army 招募一支军队 （army n.陆军, 军队）
提出、发出 -- raise a cheer 发出欢呼声 （cheer n.愉快, 欢呼）
torchlight n.电筒光 torch n.手电筒
cause n.事情
church n.教堂
figure n.外形, 轮廓, 体形
grocer n.食品商人, 杂货商人
bell n.钟, 铃, 钟声, 钟形之物
tower n.塔, 城堡
Text 课文
Was the vicar pleased that the clock was striking? Why?
Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, but
he has never
managed to get
enough money to have the church clock repaired.
现在进行时和 always 等频度副词搭配时：表示说话人带有某种的情感色彩
Tom is always doing homework. 汤姆总是做家庭作业，怎么也做不完。
Tom always does his homework. 汤姆总是做家庭作业，不拖欠作业。
He is always making noises. 他总是吵吵闹闹，真烦人。
one?or?another：表示这样或那样
-- for one reason or another 处于这样或那样的原因
-- at one time or another 在这样或那样的时间
-- in one way or another 用这样或那样的方法
get enough money to do sth 募集足够的资金做某事
-- I have to get enough money to have my house repaired.
have something done
1>找某人来做某事
-- have the church clock repaired
-- have the plane repaired / -- have hair cut
2>某人所遭受到的意外某种情况（主语必须是发出动作的人）-- His wallet was stolen. à He had his wallet stolen.
The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was
damaged many
years ago
and has been silent ever since.
used?to：过去常常做，而现在不再发生的事情了。
-- He used to smoke every day.
One night, however, our vicar woke up with a start: the clock was
striking the
hours!
However -- 在口语中, 主要用于句首；在作文中, 最好用在句中、句尾。
要用逗号分隔开来
-- He said that it was so, he was mistaken, however.
He said that it was so, however, he was mistaken.
他说这件事就是如此，然而他弄错了。
-- I know his story, however, I wouldn„t like to tell you.
I know his story, I, however, wouldn„t like to tell you.
However = Nevertheless (adv. conj.) = Nonetheless (adv.)
Start .惊跳, 惊起
-- The noise made him started(v.).
-- What a start(n.) you give me. / -- he stood up with a start(n.).
Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one o„clock, but the bell
struck thirteen
times
before it stopped.
before：...才
-- Nearly a week passed before she could explain what had
happened to her.
Armed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower to see
what was going
on.
Armed with 过去分词
Looking at his watch„ 现在分词
分词做状语/定语的时候，一定要注意它和逻辑主语要呼应一致
In the torchlight, he caught sight of a figure whom he
immediately recognized as
Bill Wilkins
, our local grocer.
in the torchlight 在手电筒光下 / in the moonlight 在月光下
in the sunshine 在太阳光下 / in the candlelight 在烛光下
非正式用语中 whom 可以省略掉
recognized?somebody?as„ 认出某人是„
regard somebody as 认为某人是 / think of somebody as 认为某人是
treat somebody as 把某人对待为 / have on somebody as 把某人尊敬为
‘Whatever are you doing up here Bill?„ asked the vicar in
surprise.
Whatever 中的 ever 用来加强语气
‘‘m trying to repair the bell,„ answered Bill.„„ve been coming
up here night
after night for
weeks now. You see, I was hoping to give you a surprise.„
night?after?night 一夜连着一夜
day after day 一天又一天 / year after year 一年又一年
week after week 一周又一周 / bus after bus 一辆车接着一辆车
‘You certainly did give me a surprise!„ said the vicar.
肯定句中常用 do, did, does 加强语气和情感色彩（一定要位于动词原形之前）
-- You do like nice today. 你今天看上去确实很不错。
-- I do like you.
‘You„ve probably woken up everyone in the village as well.
as?well 用在句尾相当于 too, 主要用于肯定句中, 但比 too
所表达的语意更优
秀。
-- You looked nice yesterday and you look beautiful as well
today.
Still, I„m glad the bell is working again.„
still 用于句首, 用逗号分隔开来, 表达一个转折的关系：虽然如此, 但是
‘That„s the trouble, vicar,‟ answered Bill.
‘It„s working all right, but I„m afraid that at one o„clock it will
strike thirteen
times and
there„s nothing I can do about it."
There is nothing I can do about it = I am at a lose what to do（at a
loss adv.困惑）
‘We„ll get used to that, Bill,‟ said the vicar.
"Thirteen is not as good as one, but it„s better than nothing. Now
let„s go
downstairs and
have a cup of tea.„
get?used?to / be?used?to / be?accustomed?to /
get?accustomed?to?都表示习惯
于???
get 强调渐近的过程,??be 强调习惯了的状态
Special difficulties 难点
in?
1>与表达惊奇、恐惧、失望或生气等感情色彩的名词搭配连用, 在句中起状
语作用。
in surprise 惊奇地 / in astonishment 惊愕的
in alarm 恐吓的 / in embarrassment 窘迫的
in amazement 极为惊讶 / in despair 绝望的
in dismay 沮丧的 / in anger 恼火的 / in disappointment 失望的
2>表示以、用。用于语言, 书写材料, 色彩或声音等方面。
in English / in pencil / in ink / in oil 用颜料 / in red 用红色 /
in code 用代码
in such a high voice 用这么高的声音 / in a few words 用几句话
3>表示状态、情况或处境
in trouble / in difficulty 在困境中 / in bed 在床上 / in a hurry
匆忙的
in debt 负债 / in love with sb 爱上某人 / in tears 流着泪
in good order 有条不紊, 整齐, 情况正常 / in good repair 维修良好
in good health 身体好 / in poor health 身体坏
in the bad mood 情绪坏 / in the good mood 情绪好
in haste 匆忙的 / in a favor of excitement 欣喜若狂
in poverty 在贫穷中 / in luxury 奢侈的
Exercise：
very quickly = in a hurry
eventually = in the end （eventually adv.最后, 终于）
be seen = in sight
with a pen = in ink / with a pencil = in pencil
which they share = in common （share v.共享）
crying = in tears
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1... D
in order adv.整齐, 状况良好, 适宜
out of order adv.次序颠倒, 不整齐, 状态不好 （= was
damaged）
2... B
3... C
为„表示感谢：be?grateful?for„ / be?thankful?for„
不辞辛劳地做某事：take?the?trouble?to?do?sth.
4... B in?the?past?是过去时态的标志；always 用在实意动词之前
5... D stroke n.击, 敲, 报时的钟声
强调句式结构：It?was? —?直到„才„
-- It was not until midnight that snow stopped. —?直到半夜, 雪才停了。
6... B 宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序
7... C Mend vt.修理, 修补
突出结果或者对现在的影响, 用现在完成时。
8... A get used to doing 表示习惯于 （to 是介词）
9... B
fund?基金； cash?现金； scholarship?奖学金； investment?投资
10... A run?a?shop 经营商店
11... A night after night = every night
12... C
still 1>adv.仍, 仍然, 还
-- He came yesterday and he is still here. 他昨天来的，现仍在此。
still 2>adv.(连接副词) 尽管如此, 依旧, 仍然（表达一种坚持的态度）
相当于 in?spite?of?that, even?though, just?the?same）
-- It‘s raining；Still, I must go out.
-- This picture is not too valuable；Still, I like it.
Yet conj.但是, 然而（表示一种转折的关系）
-- I have failed, yet I shall try again.
Lesson 03 An unknown goddess 无名女神
New words and expression 生词和短语
goddess(tile) n.女神
archaeologist n.考古学家
Aegean adj.爱琴海的
Explore v.考察，勘探
-- The archaeologists are exploring the cave.
exploration n.探险 / explorer? n.探险家
promontory n.海角
prosperous adj.?（经济上）繁荣的，昌盛的
-- our finance is prosperous 我们的经济非常的繁荣。（Finance
n.财政, 金融）
thriving adj.昌盛的，兴旺的 -- thriving business
booming adj.蓬勃的，景气的 -- a booming market 繁荣的市场flourishing adj.繁茂的，健康的
-- Those plants are flourishing. 那些植物长得茂盛。
civilization n.???文明 / civilize vt.使开化, 使文明
-- high level of civilization 高度文明
storey n.楼层 （story 的变体）
drainage n.排水
worship n.v.祟拜 / respect vt.尊敬, 尊重 / admire v.赞美, 钦佩,
羡慕
-- Who do you worship in the world?
Warship ?n.军舰, 战船
Sacred adj.宗教的, 神圣的
-- sacred?music?圣乐 / sacred?promise?神圣的诺言
Holy adj.?神圣的, 圣洁的
-- a holy person. 圣洁的人 / a holy place. 神圣的地方
Solemn adj.?庄严的, 庄重的
-- a solemn face 严肃的面孔 / a solemn ceremony 隆重的仪式
Fragment n.碎片
Remains n.遗物，遗迹，废墟
Classical adj.（希腊和罗马）古文化的（即传统的）；文科的, 人文科学的
-- classical?music 古典音乐 / classical?education 人文科学教育
Classic adj.?第一流的, 标准的, 著名的, 典型的
-- This is the classic example of love at the first sight.
Classic n.杰作, 经典之作
-- That joke‘s a classic; it really is funny. "这个笑话确属一流,真是妙趣横生。
"
Reconstruct v.修复 （Re --重新, 再次）
Construct vt.构造, 建造, 组织（通过装配或组合部件而构成）
-- construct a sentence / construct a broken statuary（n.雕象）
-- build a?house 造建筑物 / put up a tent
construction n.建设, 建造
constructive? adj.有教育意义的
constructor n.建造者, 建设者
erect vt.盖, 使竖立, 使直立（build high buildings）
-- erect?a monument 建造纪念碑 / erect?a clock?tower 建造钟楼
setup /?establish /?found 建立
-- setup students‘ union 学生会 （union n.联盟, 协会）
-- establish a school / establish a rule 设立一条规则
-- found a country 建立一个国家
Rest v.倚放, 放置
Hip n.屁股, 臀部
Hip n.?[口]在服用兴奋剂、宗教信仰方面赶时髦的人；消息灵通人士；
adj.通晓的，见闻广的
-- Mary is a real hip. 玛丽是个爱赶时髦的人。
-- The guy isn‘t a hip. 这家伙什么都不懂。
Joined?at?the?hip??表示交情极厚的
-- These two are joined at the hip.
shoot?from?the?hip 信口开河
-- Sorry, I said that I shouldn„t have shot from the hip.
full-length adj.（裙衣）拖地长的, 全长的, 全身的
-- a?full-length?dress 拽地长裙
full-grown adj.生长完全的, 发育完全的
full time n.专职, 全部时间
graceful adj.优雅的
-- a graceful lady
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elegant adj.优雅的（举止）-- an elegant gentleman. 举止文雅的绅士
identity n.???身份
ancient adj.远古的, 旧的
decorate vt.装饰；点缀
clay n.粘土, 泥土
Roman adj.罗马的, 罗马人的 n.罗马人
Rome n.罗马(意大利首都)
Indeed adv.真正地, (加强语气)确实
Text 课文
How did the archaeologists know that the statue was a goddess?
Some time ago, an interesting discovery was made by
archaeologists on the
Aegean island
of Kea.
some time 1>经过若干时间 2>在未来的某时
sometime adv.在某一时候, 曾经, 有一天
sometimes adv.不时, 有时
中文习惯用主动语态。
英文习惯用被动语态。以事件、结果、影响、效果为主语，强调对客观事实
的陈述。
An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient
city on the
promontory of
Ayia Irini.
which 引导定语从句，修饰限定 temple。（which = that）
stand(不及物) = lie(不及物) 位于
= situate(及物) 使位于, 使处于
= locate(及物) 使...坐落于, 位于
which = which lies in… = which is located in… =
which is situated
in...
Stand 1 >身高 2>表示高高坐落于, 矗立于
-- She stands 1.75m. 她身高 1.75 米
-- A great tree stands on the mount. 一棵大树竖立在山上。
The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a
high level of
civilization.
for?引导原因状语从句：对主句的附加说明和解释，提供更多的信息。
because?引导原因状语从句：强调原因。
-- The day broke for the birds were singing.
at?one?time 表达曾经, 一度（过去时态的标志, = once）
must?have?been?对过去事实肯定的推测
enjoyed?a?high?level?of?civilization 享有高度文明
Houses -- often three storeys high -- were built of stone. They
had large rooms
with
beautifully decorated walls.
With„ 具有„
-- a young man with broad shoulders / an old lady with black hair
beautifully?decorated 过去分词做定语
-- a?beautifully?dressed?lady?衣着漂亮的女士
-- a?deserted?car park 废弃的停车场
-- a?white?painted?door 被刷成白色的门
现在分词做定语, 被修饰词与修饰词之间为逻辑主动关系
-- a boy climbing the tree 正在爬树的男孩
-- the students reading in the room 正在房间里读书的学生
The city was equipped with a drainage system, for a great many
clay pipes were
found
beneath the narrow streets.
be?equipped?with 配备, 装备 （equip vt.装备, 配备）
air conditioning 空气调节装置 / air conditioner 空气调节机,
空调设备
-- The car was equipped with air conditioning.
for?引导原因状语从句
在正下方：Beneath = under?
-- beneath the narrow streets = under the narrow streets
-- He is standing under/beneath the umbrella.
在进行中：只能用 under
-- under?control? 控制之中 / under?discussion 讨论之中 /
under?repairs 修理
之中
below?在下方（强调在斜下方）
-- She is sitting below the window
The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a
place of worship
from the
fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times.
be?used?as / be?used?to?be 把„用作为
-- The box was used as a desk in the small village school.
-- The wooden box was used as a bookcase.
be?used?to do 被用来做„
-- The wooden box is used to contain books
In the most sacred room of temple, clay fragments of fifteen
statues were found.
Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been
painted.
represent? vt.代表
-- I represent all the classmates.
The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the
fifteenth
century B.C.
dating?现在分词, 修饰 remains
date from = date back to （开始于„, 起始于„）
-- The custom dating from 1990. （custom n.习惯, 风俗）
-- The tradition dates from the time when his grandfather was
young.
-- The castle dates from the 14th century. = The castle dates back
to the 14th
century.
城堡建造于 14 世纪
Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth
century B.C.
happen?to 偶然, 碰巧（强调事情的偶然发生）
-- I happen to have driven that kind of car. 我恰巧开过那种车。
-- He happened to find the ticket in his pocket.
It?happens?that +从句
-- It happened that I met her on my way to work.
= I happened to meet her on my way work.
happen?on 碰巧碰上
-- I happened on this old picture in the back of the drawer.
我偶然的在抽屉的背面发现了这张旧照片。
-- Guess, who did I happen on while I was in London last month?
This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully
preserved.
It was very old and precious even then.
When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were
amazed to find
that the
goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman.
Reconstruct = put together, piece together, restore（vt.恢复, 使回复）
Amazed = very much surprised
surprised > astonished > amazed > astounded 感到惊讶（语气递增）
/ / / to see…
-- I„m not surprised to see you here
1> turn?out„（表示结果）结果是, 原来是 （= prove, 都表示系动词）
turn out (to be)+ n./adj.
-- The concert turned out to be a failure.
-- Our party turned out (to be) a success. 我们的聚会非常的成功。
2> It turned out + that 从句 （it 作形式主语）
It turned out +其它名词从句
-- It turned out that the diamonds had been in the bank all the
time.
原来钻石一直都在银行里保存着。
-- It turned out that his statement was false. 原来他的话是假的。
3> as it turns out„ 后来人们发现„
-- As it turned out, there was no need to worry. 后来人们发现,
没有必要担心。
-- As it turned out, the report was mistaken. 后来人们发现, 报告被弄错了
She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hips.
rest on v.被搁在, 停留在, 信赖
= depend on（依靠, 依赖）/ lean on（靠着）
-- His hand rested lightly on my shoulder
She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground.
which?swept?the?ground 近一步说明拖地的，拽地的
Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but, so far,
the
archaeologists have been
unable to discover her identity.
But, so far, the archaeologists have been unable to discover her
identity.
= It is still a problem for the archaeologists up to now.
Despite = in?spite?of?（两者都是介词），后面+?名词/动名词
so?far, up?to?now 完成时的标志
discover her identity = find out her identity
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1... D
‘Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth
century B.C.„
2... D be?employed?in 被应用在...方面
this?is?confirmed?by?the?fact?that?引导同位语从句，补充说明fact 的内容????
3... A in?doing?sth 在...方面
4... D prosperity n.繁荣（不可数）
know 1>知道, 认识
2>（文学用语）经历过, 曾经有过（= experience, 比 experience
更加正式）
-- He knew poverty in his early days. 他早年有过痛苦的经历
5... B since：自从 （主干的时态为现在完成时）
6... C
to?one‘s?surprise 使某人感到惊讶的是
在句中可做独立的状语, 句子的主语不必是某个人
-- To my great disappointment the train had already left
with?surprise 惊讶地 （With satisfaction/delight/dismay）
必须与行为动词连用, 句子的主语必须是某个人
-- He smoked his last cigarette with satisfaction.
-- He went home with dismay.
-- To our dismay the party proved to be a failure.
7... B despite?=?in?spite?of?(可以和名词、代词、动名词搭配)
8„ B so?far：现在完成时的标志
如果用 possible/impossible, 就要采用形势主语 it
-- So far, it has been impossible for the archaeologists to discover
her identity.
9... A Holy adj.?神圣的, 圣洁的
religious 宗教的 / frightening 令人害怕的 / colourful 丰富多彩的
10... D in good condition 情况良好 = in good state
well?done 侧重强调做得好
conserve vt.保存, 保藏 （= keep from being wasted, damaged,
lost, destroyed）
????????? “不用尽或耗尽某物，保留”
-- Conserve your energy you needed. （energy n.精力, 精神）
你该养精蓄锐，你回用得上的。
-- We must conserve our forest.
maintain vt.维持, 维修 -- 通过修缮保养, 不使...破损（强调动作的过程）
11... B turn out = prove, 都表示系动词
resolve vt,vi 决定 vt.(使)分解, 溶解
-- He resolved on going out. 他决定出去。
12... B
so far = until now, up till now
beforehand (adv.预先) = in?advance (adv.预先)
at?this?distance?of/in?time 时隔已久
-- I can hardly remember him at this distance of time. 时隔这么久, 我几乎想不
起来他了。
Lesson 04 The double life of Alfred Bloggs
阿尔弗雷德.布洛格斯的双重生活
New words and expression 生词和短语
Double adj.两倍的, 双重的
manual adj.体力的 （= physical adj.身体的, 物质的）
manual?work 体力工作
mental?work 脑力工作
collar n.衣领
white-collar adj.白领阶层的, 脑力劳动者（those who
do?mental?work）
blue-collar adj 蓝领阶级的, 工人阶级的（those who
do?manual?work）
get hot?under the?collar 怒气冲天
-- He got hot under the collar when he knew that they laughed at
him.
sacrifice vt.牺牲，献出 （to give up for good purpose）
-- sacrifice one„s life for the country
-- sacrifice time
sacrifice n.牺牲 （-- make many sacrifices）
privilege n.好处 （= advantage n.优势, 有利条件, 利益）
-- sacrifice one‘s advantage/privilege 牺牲掉某人的好处
privilege n.特权, 特别待遇（= special?right）
-- give sb the privilege of doing sth 特许某人做某事
privileged a.荣幸的
-- We are privileged tonight to have our headmaster as our
speaker.
dustman n.清洁工
corporation n.公司
overalls n.工作服
shower n.淋浴
secret n.秘密 adj.秘密的, 隐秘的
Confidential adj.机密的
keep?secret 保密
-- It‘s between you and me. 此事只介于你我之间。
-- I‘ll keep it to myself. 我会保守秘密的。
in?secret 私下里（= secretly, in?private, privately）
-- I was told about it in secret.
in?the?secret 知道内情
-- He was in the secret from the beginning
status n.地位（= social?position）
statue n.雕像, 塑像
rise n.发生, 出现
loss n.损失
fellow n.伙伴, 朋友, 同事 adj.同伴的, 同事的, 同道的
Text 课文
Why did Alf want a white-collar job?
These days, people who do manual work often receive far more
money than
people who
work in offices.
people who do manual work = blue-collar workers
people who do mental work = white-collar workers = people who
work in offices
for more money（far 副词用来加强语气= much）
People who work in offices are frequently referred to as
"white-collar workers
‘ for the
simple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to
work.
as?=?as 把...看作为
-- I?always?refer?to?him?as?bookworm（n.书呆子）
for the simple reason = for? 引导的原因状语从句
for?the?reason?that 多用于正式文体，because 多用于口语中。
-- He is refer to as a book worm for the simple reason that he
spare no efforts
reading.
-- He was send to prison for he could not pay his debts.
Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing
to sacrifice
higher pay for
the privilege of becoming white-collar workers.
human?nature 人性
（that 引导同位语从句, 进一步补充说明 such
的基本内涵）
-- His kindness was such that we will never forget him.
= Such?was?his?kindness that„ （such 在句首要倒装）
= He was so kind that we will never forget him.
-- Such is human nature that we want to get a lot of things free.
介词 for 表示一种目的
be?willing?to?do?sth = be?ready?to?do?sth 心甘情愿做
This can give rise to curious situations, as it did in the case of
Alfred Bloggs who
worked as
a dustman for the Ellesmere Corporation.
give?rise?to =（lead to v.导致, 通向） cause vt.引起, 惹起）
result?in v.导致）
-- Such conduct might give rise to misunderstandings. 这种行为会引起误解。
-- The bad conditions have given rise to a lot of crimes. 不良的环境引起了犯
罪。
in?the?case?of 就...来说, 关于, 就...而言 （= concerning prep.关于, 涉及,
就...说）
-- Stealing is no shame in the case of him. 偷窃对他来说不是一件可耻的事。
in?case?of（副词）万一, 以防 à （in case conj.万一）
-- You should ensure your house in case of fire. （ensure vt.保证;
担保, 保险）
-- Take umbrella in case of rain 带上雨伞以防下雨。
who 引导定语从句
When he got married, Alf was too embarrassed to say anything to
his wife about
his job.
too?embarrassed?to?say 太尴尬而没有说明
be ashamed of 感到羞愧, 惭愧
-- Alf was ashamed of his job as a dustman.
marry 强调动作 （-- He?married?the?girl. 他娶了这个女孩。）
get married 强调过程（-- Last year they got married.）
be?married?to?sb 强调状态（-- The old man has been married to
his wife for 50
years.）
He simply told her that he worked for the Corporation.
Simply 副词--用来修饰限定动词 told
Every morning, he left home dressed in a smart black suit.
dressed?in?a?smart?black?suit --形容词短语表示一种状态 打方框代表有问
题
-- He go to work dressed in a beautiful coat.
-- He left home wearing a smart black suit.
He then changed into overalls and spent the next eight hours as a
dustman.
changed?into 换上 / change back into 换回
Before returning home at night. He took a shower and changed
back into his suit.
Before returning home = Before he returned home
Before 和动名词搭配, 相当于 Before 引导的时间状语从句。
如果运用动名词形式，动名词的逻辑主语必须是主句的主语
-- After getting home, he had a good rest.
-- Before having dinner, he finished all his homework.
Alf did this for over two years and his fellow dustmen kept his
secret.
Alf„s wife has never discovered that she married a dustman and
she never will,
for Alf
has just found another job. He will soon be working in an office.
she never will = she will never discover the secret
在省略句式中, never 要放在助动词之前
-- “will you go to see her?”
-- “I will never to to see her" = "No, I never will."
He will be earning only half as much as he used to, but he feels
that his rise in
status is well
worth the loss of money.
half as much as
half / a?quarter / twice / three?times + as...as... 表示倍数
-- I won„t marry a man who is twice as old as me.
-- We got three times as many people as we expected.
-- This room is about three times as large as that one.
是...的几倍：...as +形容词或副词原形+ as...
比...多几倍：...times +形容词或副词比较级+ than„
-- This road is four times longer than that one.
=
This?road?is?five?times?as?long?as?that?one.
What he obtained is well worth the loss of time. 他的所得是值得花时间的。
well?副词用来加强语气, 修饰形容词 worth
From now on, he will wear a suit all day and others will call him
„Mr. Bloggs
‘, not „Alf„.
Special difficulties 难点
impossibility n.不可能之事, 不可能
grant vt.同意, 准予
A. 两类词汇：
1>tell, give 等动词可以和双宾语搭配（指物的直接宾语，指人的间接宾语）
-- He?told?a?story?to?me. = He?told?me?a?story?.
2>explain, say 等动词只能代一个(直接)宾语, 在间接宾语前要用介词 to
-- He explain the difficult to me. / He said nothing to me.
-- She speaks English to her husband and Swedish to her
children.
-- He admitted his guilt to the police.（guilt n.罪行, 内疚）
-- Did you suggest this idea to him?
当直接宾语比较长或者是个从句时, 通常放在间接宾语之后（但 say 除外）
-- I explained to him the impossibility of granting his request.
= I explained the impossibility of granting his request to him.
-- He confessed to me that he had fallen asleep during the
meeting.
= He confessed that he had fallen asleep during the meeting to
me.
confide vt., vi.
1> 倾诉（与 in 连用）
-- Jone felt she could only confide in her mother. 琼觉得她只有向她妈妈倾吐
心中的秘密。
2> 吐露 (心事、秘密等), 与 to 连用
-- One evening he came and confided to me that he had spent five
years in
prison.
有一天晚上他到我家来向我吐露他曾坐过五年牢。
B.“Worth"后面只能跟名词或动名词
-- His suggestion is worth considering.
-- His rise in status is worth the loss of money.
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1... A illustrate vt.阐明, 阐述
“...a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay
for the privilege
of becoming
white-collar worker"
2... C double life
3... D "...he feels that his rise in status is well worth the loss of
money"
previous adj.在前的, 早先的
respect n.某方面 vt.尊敬, 尊重
4... B to?go?可以省略
They usually go to work wearing a collar and tie.
5... D
"Alfred was too embarrassed to say anything to his wife about his
job."
„（不定式 to 表示否定）
so...that„（在 that 引导的结果状语从句中, 如果采用否定式，可以和 ?
互换）
-- The water is too hot for us to drink. =
The?water?is?so?hot?that?we?can
‘t?drink.
6... C "He simply told her that he worker of the Corporation"
simply 副词（仅仅是, 再没有别的了= only, just）
无论是 simply, only 还是 just，往往用在所修饰的主体词之前。
-- I did it simply/only for the money
-- I don„t like driving. I do it simply/only because I have to go to
work each day.
and?no?more（放句尾）
in?a?simple?way 简单地, 简朴地
-- She?was?always?dressed?in?a?simple?way.
7... B
Before 是介词和动名词形式搭配。 -- Before
Before 是连接词，引导时间状语从句。 --
Before?he?
before?引导的从句, 常用一般现在时或一般过去时, 不用进行时。
8... C "half as much as it used to be"
the?amount?要用定语从句进行限定
当主句的谓语动词是行为动词时，used?to 之后的动词必须省略掉
当主句的谓语动词是系动词时，used?to 之后必须带有系动词
be.
-- I feel the summers are hotter than they used to be.
-- I feel you are much fatter than you used to be.
9... D
gain：获利, 赢得（表示通过努力）
-- gain time, gain reputation, gain speed, gain height
fee：（为专业服务支付的）费用
-- doctor‘s?fees 医疗费 / the?lawyer‘s?fees 律师费
-- pay for my university fees 支付我的大学学费
payment：（商业、信贷）支付的款项（非常正式）
wages：（体力劳动者的）工资
salary：（白领的）薪水
10... B companion n.同伴, 共事者 comrade n.朋友, 同志, 伙伴
11... C "well worth the loss of money"
pay?back 偿还, 报复
reward 酬劳
value 价值
compensate v.偿还, 补偿
compensate?for 赔偿 = make?up?for 弥补
-- His intelligence more than compensate?for his lack of
experience.
12... A call = addressed as 被称为
name 命名 / cry?out 喊叫 / shout v.呼喊, 呼叫
Lesson 05 The facts 确切数字
New words and expression 生词和短语
Editor n.编辑
Edit vt.编辑
-- edit magazine, edit newspaper
Edition n.编辑
Editorial adj.编辑的, 主编的 n.社论, 评论
extreme n.极端
go?to?extreme(s)?to?do„ 做某事走极端
-- He went to extreme to say that the play was the best one.
-- He went to extremes to say that his girlfriend was the most
beautiful in the
world.
go from one extreme to the other 从一个极端走向另一个极端
statistics n.统计数字
journalist n.新闻记者
reporter n.(电视台)记者
correspondent n.(电台)记者, 通讯员
president n.总统
palace n.王宫；宏伟的住宅
publish v.出版 = print(vt.), go to press(vi.)
-- The book has already been published. = The book has already
been printed.
-- The book has gone to press.
-- They have already published the magazine.
Fax n.传真 （-- send a fax）
impatient adj.不耐烦的
patience（n.耐性） patient（adj.有耐心的） patiently（adv.有
耐心地）
impatience（n.不耐烦） impatient（adj.不耐烦的） impatiently（adv.不耐烦
地）
fire v.解雇（口语）
-- He was fired from his job
dismiss vt.解雇（正式）
-- The manage dismissed him from his company.
Sack vt.解雇, 辞退（俚语, 口语）
-- If you do it wrong again you will be sacked.
Originally adv.起初，原先，从前 / original adj.最初的, 原始的
Text 课文
What was the consequence of the editor„s insistence on facts and
statistics?
Consequence n.结果
Insistence n.坚持, 坚决主张
Editors of newspapers and magazines often go to extremes to
provide their
reader with
unimportant facts and statistics.
go?to?extremes 走极端
provide = supply 给...提供（通常与介词搭配连用）
provide sb with sth / provide sth for sb
-- He provided them with a bed for the night.
= He provided a bed for them for the night
Last year a journalist had been 包含 ucted by a well-known
magazine to write
an article on
the president„s palace in a new African republic.
本句= A well-known magazine 包含 ucted a journalist to write
an article on the
president„s palace
in a new African republic.
African n.非洲人 adj.非洲的
Republic n.共和国, 共和政体
Instruct vt.教, 教导, 命令, 指示, 通知
包含 uct?sb to?do?sth.= tell?sb?formally?to?do?sth 正式告诉某人做某事
-- The teacher 包含 ucted him to take the examination.
On = about 侧重强调课题专一
-- a book on radio
When the article arrived, the editor read the first sentence and
then refuse to
publish it.
When the article arrived = When the editor received the article
refuse vt.拒绝（态度严厉）
-- I invited him to dinner, but he refused me.
decline vt.婉言谢绝
repudiate vt.断然拒绝
The article began: „Hundreds of steps lead to the high wall which
surrounds the
president„s
palace„.
which?指代 the?high?wall
The editor at once sent the journalist a fax 包含 ucting him find
out the exact
number of
steps and the height of the wall.
Instructing(现在分词)进一步补充说明 fax 的情况
-- he send me a letter 包含 ucting me to come back immediately
The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts,
but he took a
long time
to send them.
set?out?to?do?=?decide?and?try?to?do 决定, 打算, 着手做...
= set about doing 决定, 打算, 着手做...
-- He set out to make his first 1,000,000 in 5 years.
take?sb a?long?time?to?do?sth 某事花了某人很久的时间
-- It took me five days to write the article.
Meanwhile, the editor was getting impatient, for the magazine
would soon go to
press.
He sent the journalist two more faxes, but received no reply.
two more faxes = another two faxes
He sent yet another fax informing the journalist that if he did not
reply soon he
would be
fired.
When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor reluctantly
published the
article as it
had originally been written.
reluctantly = unwilling 勉勉强强地, 不情愿地
as it bad originally been written = in its original way
A week later, the editor at last received a fax from the journalist.
Not only had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to
prison as well.
Not?only 位于句首, 必须采用倒装形式。
本句 = The poor man had not only been arrested, but had been
sent to prison as
well.
倒装：（部分倒装）
1>否定副词位于句首, 要倒装。
never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, nowhere, no?sooner
scarcely adv.几乎不, 简直没有
nowhere adv.无处, 到处都无
-- Never have I read such stories. 我从来也没读过这样的小说。
-- Nowhere can he find the book he wants. 无论在哪他也找不到他要的书。
-- Hardly did I think it possible. 我并不认为这是可能的。
2>含有 only 的状语位于句首, 句子要倒装。
-- Only then did he realize that he had made a mistake.
-- Only when a great deal more information has been obtained
will it be possible
to plan a trip.
3>含有 not 的副词短语位于句首, 句子要倒装。
not for a second 决不, 毫不 / not in the least 绝不, 一点也不
not for an instant, not until
-- Not in the least is he interested in English literature. 他对英国文学一点都不
感兴趣。
-- Not for an instant did I believe he had lied. 我根本不认为他说了慌。
4>含有 no 的短语位于句首, 句子要倒装。
at?on?time, in?no?way?, in?no?sense, by?no?means, in?no?case,
on?no?account,
on?no?condition,
under?no?circumstances （都表示‘绝不’）
circumstance n.环境, 详情, 境况
-- Under no circumstances can we accept the check. 我们无论如何也不能接受
这笔钱。
-- On no account must you leave the baby in the house. 你无论如何也不能把留
在房间里。
5> so?such?位于句首, 句子要倒装。
However, he had at last been allowed to send a fax in which he
informed the
editor that the
he had been arrested while counting the 1,084 steps leading to the
fifteen-foot
wall which
surrounded the president„s palace.
he had at last been allowed = he had at last been permitted = he
had asked for
permission
请 求 被 允 许 做 某 事 ： be?allowed?to?do,
be?permitted?to?do,
asked?for?permission?to?do?sth
permit v.许可,允许,准许 permission n.许可, 允许
in?which?-- which 指代 fax
while 和现在分词搭配, 做时间状语, 表示“正在做某事的过程中”。
-- 可以用 while 引导的时间状语从句去替换。
-- While counting… = while he was counting…
现在分词做定语：
-- the steps leading to the president‘s palace 通向王宫的台阶。
-- the road leading to the forest 通向森林的路。
fifteen-foot 做前置定语, 这里的名词必须上单数形式。
which 引导的定语从句修饰 wall, which 指代 wall。
-- wall which surrounded„ （= wall surrounding„）
-- 为 了 避 免 和 前 面 的 现 在 分 词 句 式 结 构
(leading) 相 同 所 以 没 有 用
surrounding.
Special difficulties 难点 here
倒装的用法
only has he made this mistake before but he will make it
again.
then did I realize what was happening
will I trust him again.
do you find traffic wardens who are kind and helpful.
traffic warden n. 交通管理员 （warden n.监护人；看守人）
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1… C
excuse n.理由, 借口
beyond prep.除„以外
satisfy vt.满足, 使满意
dissatisfy vt.使感觉不满, 不满足
factual adj.事实的, 实际的
content n.内容
2… B
3... A activity n.行动, 行为 / suspicious adj.可疑的, 怀疑的
4„ B 课文中的 and then 强调动作的先后。
-- Having seen the movie, they went for a walk.
6... D a reply 表示“任意”的一个答复
7... B? unless = if?not 一般过去时
8… C inform sb of/about sth
9„ C public n.公众, (特定的)人群
audience n.听众, 观众
lecture n.演讲
10… B print = publish
press n.压, 按 go to press 交付印刷
pressing adj.紧迫的；迫切的
impress vt.盖印, 留下印象
11... D
innocent adj.清白的, 无罪的, 天真的, 无知的
unfortunate adj.不幸的
12...?D?
请求允许做某事：ask?for?permission?to?do?sth
允许某人做某事：be?given?permission?to?do?sth
admit + 名词/动名词/that 从句
Lesson 06 Smash-and-grab 砸橱窗抢劫
New words and expression 生词和短语
smash-and-grab n.砸橱窗抢劫
smash vt.打碎, 粉碎（= break sth into pieces violently）violently
adv.猛烈地
-- Smash the car.
Smash vi.打碎, 粉碎（-- The dishes smashed on the floor.）
smash?into 撞击到某处 （-- The bus smashed into a tree.）
grab v.抢夺, 掠夺, 夺取（= seize suddenly）
-- He grabbed me by the arm.
-- He grabbed the coin and ran off. 他抓起硬币就跑了。
snatch vt.抢, 夺取（= catch sth/sb suddenly and violently）
-- The big bird snatches the hen from the ground.
Seize v.抓住, 逮住, 夺取（强调抓住、抓到的结果）
-- Fear?seized?her. 她突然感觉很恐惧。
catch vt.捕获, 赶上(车船等) （= get hold of sth/sb moving）
-- catch mouse / catch bus / catch a thief
Grasp 强调“掌握”
-- We have already grasped six thousand words.
Hold 强调抓牢、抓紧（catch hold of 抓住）
-- He is holding an umbrella.
arcade n.有拱廊的街道（两旁常设商店）
Piccadilly n.皮卡迪利大街
Jewellery n.珠宝（总称）
Necklace n.项链
Ring n.戒指
Background n.背景 （on the background of sth.）
-- background information 背景资料
-- a man of excellent background 有很好的背景的人
velvet n.天鹅绒，丝绒
headlight n.（汽车等）前灯
blare v.发嘟嗜声，吼叫
staff n.全体工作人员
raid n.偷袭 / raid vt., vi.袭击, 突击
scramble v.爬行（= creep quickly）
-- The two thieves scrambled into their car.
Climb vt.爬上（-- climb up the tree）
Mount vt.登上（-- mount the hill）
Fantastic adj.?非常大的
1> = very great / very large 非常大的
-- a fantastic sum of money = a very large sum of money
2> = strange adj.奇怪的, 奇异的
-- a strange dream = a fantastic dream
3> = wonderful adj.极好的, 美好的, 极妙的
-- a fantastic play.
ashtray n.烟灰缸
owner n.所有者, 业主
admire vt. 以赞赏的眼光看着
busily adv.忙碌地
arrange v.安排, 排列, 协商
horn n.(牛、羊等的)角, 喇叭
roar vi.吼叫, 怒号
jeweler n.珠宝商, 宝石匠,钟表匠
wheel n.（汽车的）方向盘
iron n.铁 adj.铁的
furniture n.家具
diamond n.钻石, 菱形
Text 课文
How did Mr. Taylor try to stop the thieves?
The expensive shops in a famous arcade near Piccadilly were just
"opening.
介词短语修饰 shops
-- The shoe shop in my neighborhood was just opening.
在我家附近的鞋店刚刚开门营业
At this time of the morning, the arcade was almost empty.
Mr. Taylor, the owner of a jewellery shop was admiring a new
window display.
BeiJing, our capital, is developing enormously.
-- enormously adv.非常地, 巨大地（= at fantastic speed）
Two of his assistants had been working busily since eight o„clock
and had only
just finished.
Diamond necklaces and rings had been beautifully arranged on a
background of
black
velvet.
After gazing at the display for several minutes, Mr. Taylor went
back into his
shop.
After gazing at… = After he gazed at…
After having gazed at… = After he had gazed at…
The silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its
headlights on and its
horn
blaring, roared down the arcade.
with 的符合结构：（独立主格结构）
1>如果宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上有主谓关系，应该采用现在分词形式作宾
补。
-- She sat staring into the distance with tears streaming down her
cheeks.
她坐着凝视着远方泪流满面。 （Cheek n.脸颊, 面颊）
-- She stood there with her hands resting on her hips
2>如果宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上是动宾关系，应该采用过去分词形式作宾
补。
-- He ran into the room with his face covered with tears.
-- With his homework finished, he felt happy.
3>如果表达某事将要发生，要用动词不定式 to；
-- With a lot of work to do, he can„t go to the cinema.
4>如果是说明当时的情况，常用形容词、副词、介词短语表明宾语的状态；
-- He used to sleep with all the windows open.（open adj.开着的）
-- He went out with his hat on.（on 是副词）
-- With the meeting over, we went home.（over adv.结束）
-- He came in with a knife in his hand.（in his hand --介词短语）
-- Tow others with black stockings over their faces jumped out.（over their faces
--介词短语）
另外两个脸上蒙着黑色袜子的人跳了出来。
5>总结：
with 用于句首或句尾，常表示状语、行为方式、原因、伴随状况等。
with 如果跟在名词之后，是用来修饰限定该名词。
-- a thief with stocking over his face.
-- a teacher with a book under his arm.
-- a room with the windows open.
It came to a stop outside the jeweller„s.
come?to 后面常接名词, 表示达到
-- come to a stop 停下来 / come to an end 结束 / come to a
decision 做出决定
-- come to an agreement 达成协议 / come to an understanding
互相理解
-- come to success 获得成功, come to fame 成名
停车?stop = draw?up = pull?up
at the barber‘s 在理发店 / at the butcher‘s 在肉店 / at the
baker‘s 在面包店
at the greengrocer‘s 在蔬菜水果店 / at the grocer‘s 在杂货店 / at the stationer
‘s 在文具店
at the tobacconist‘s 在烟草店 / at the chemist‘s 在药店
barber n.理发员, 理发师
butcher n.屠夫, 肉商
baker n.面包师, 面包工人 n.<美>(便携式)烘炉
greengrocer n.蔬菜水果商人 n.蔬菜水果商店
grocer n.食品商人 n.杂货店
stationer n.文具商人 n.文具店
tobacconist n.烟草商人 n.烟店
chemist n.化学家, 药剂师
One man stayed at the wheel while two others with black
stocking over their
faces jumped
out and smashed the window of the shop with iron bars.
While this was going on, Mr. Taylor was upstairs.
He and his staff began throwing furniture out of the window.
Chairs and tables went flying into the arcade.
One of the thieves was struck by a heavy statue, but he was too
busy helping
himself to
diamonds to notice any pain.
help?oneself?to 自便
-- My roommate helped herself to my clothes without asking me.
The raid was all over in three minutes, for the men scrambled
back into the car
and it moved
off at a fantastic speed.
at a fantastic speed / at a tremendous speed / at a high speed / at a
full speed
with great speed
Just as it was leaving, Mr. Taylor rushed out and ran after it
throwing ashtrays
and vases,
but it was impossible to stop the thieves.
They had got away with thousands of pounds worth of diamonds.
hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of jewel
Special difficulties 难点
前缀构词法：
1> dis
加在形容词前
-- agreeable（adj.使人愉快的） à disagreeable（adj.不愉快的）
-- content（adj.满意的 vt.使满足） à discontent（adj.不满的 vt.令人不满 n.
不满）
-- graceful（adj.优美的） à disgraceful（adj.使失体面的, 耻辱的）
-- honest（adj.诚实的, 正直的） à dishonest（adj.不诚实的）
-- satisfactory（adj.满意的） à dissatisfactory（adj.不满意的）
加在名词前
-- agreement（n.同意） à disagreement（n.意见不同）
-- honesty（n.诚实, 正直） à dishonesty（n.不诚实, 不老实）
-- ability（n.能力, 才干） à disability（n.无力, 无能）
-- grace（n.优美, 雅致） à disgrace（n.耻辱）
-- comfort（n.舒适 vt.安慰） à discomfort（n.不舒适 vt.使不舒适）
可以加在动词前
-- agree（v.同意） à disagree（v.不同意）
-- appear（vi.出现） à disappear（vi.消失, 不见）
-- believe（相信, 信任） à disbelieve（v.不信, 怀疑）
在名词前加 dis 得到动词, 表示除去、解除。
-- courage（n.勇气, 精神） à discourage（vt.使气馁）
-- root（n.根, 根部） à disroot / unroot（vt.连根拔除）
-- mask（n.面具, 掩饰 v.戴面具, 掩饰） à unmask / dismask（vt.揭露, 暴露）
-- burden（n.担子, 负担 v.负担） à disburden（v.解除负担）
2>il -- 加在以 i 开头的形容词之前
-- legal（adj.法律的, 法定的） à illegal（adj.违法的）
-- logical（adj.合乎逻辑的） à illogical（adj.不合逻辑的）
-- literate（adj.有文化的 n.学者） à illiterate（adj.没受教育的
n.文盲）
3>im -- 加在以 b, m, p 开头的形容词之前
-- possible（adj.可能的） à impossible（adj.不可能的）
-- mortal（adj.必死的, 人类的） à immortal（adj.不朽的）
-- moral（adj.道德的） à immoral（adj.不道德的）
-- balanced（adj.平衡的） à imbalanced（adj.不平衡的）
-- balance （n.平衡） à imbalance（n.不平衡）
4>ir -- 加在以 r 开头的形容词之前
-- regular（adj.规则的） à irregular（adj.不规则的）
-- rational（adj.理性的） à irrational（adj.无理性的）
-- resistible（adj.可抵抗的） à irresistlble（adj.不可抵抗的）
5>in --主要用于其它字母开头的词之前
-- human（adj.人性的） à inhuman（adj.野蛮的）
-- correct（adj.正确的） à incorrect（adj.不正确的）
-- justice（n.正义, 公平） à injustice（n.不正义, 不公平）
-- sincere（adj.真诚的） à insincere（adj.虚假的, 不真诚的）
6>un --只能用于形容词和动词之前
不
-- happy（adj.快乐的） à unhappy（adj.不幸的, 不快乐的）
-- friendly（adj.友好的） à unfriendly（adj.不友好的）
-- lucky（adj.幸运的） à unlucky（adj.不幸的）
无
-- conditional（adj.有条件的） à unconditional（adj.无条件的）
-- limited（adj.有限的） à unlimited（adj.无限的）
非
-- official（adj.官方的, 正式的） à unofficial（adj.非官方的, 非正式的）
-- just（adj.正义的, 公正的） à unjust（adj.不公平的）
未（主要用于过去分词之前）
-- undecided（adj.未定的） à unfinished（adj.未完成的）
-- unexpected（adj.未预料到） à unhurt（adj.没有受伤的）
用于动词之前表示做相反的动作
-- lock（v.锁, 锁上） à unlock（vt.开...锁）
-- tie（vt.系, 打结） à untie（vi.松开, 解开）
-- cover（vt.覆盖） à uncover（vt.揭开, 揭露）
-- pack（vt.包装） à unpack（v.打开包裹）
-- dress（v.穿衣） à undress（vt.使脱衣服）
-- load（v.装载） à unload（v.卸货）
Exercise：
1> polite（adj.有礼貌的） à impolite（adj.无礼的, 粗鲁的）
2> agree à disagree
3> legible（adj.清晰的, 易读的） à illegible（adj.难辨认的, 字迹模糊的）
4> accurate（adj.正确的, 精确的） à inaccurate（adj.错误的, 不准确的）
5> locked à unlocked
6> regular à irregular
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1.B 正确
on?one„s?way?to?do?
-- He is on the/his way to become a lawyer.
2.A 正确
warn?somebody?out?of?one‘s?way 警告某人别挡住去路
in?one‘s?way 挡住某人的去路
-- You are in my way. 挡住了我的去路。
3.C 正确
4. C 正确
形容词和名词共同修饰名词时, 形容词在前, 名词在后。（adj
+ n +被修的名
词）
-- an old village school
-- an empty beer glass
5.B 正确
做句子结构题时要和原文加以对比
6. A 正确 made?of? 可以看出原材料
7. A 正确 began doing something = began to do something
8.D 正确
9. A 正确
accelerate v.加速, 促进
-- The driver accelerated to pass the other car.
speed v.加快（加快动作和工作的进程, 常和 up 连用）
-- We„d better speed up, if we want to get there in time.
-- The car sped along the road.
Reverse vt.倒车, 颠倒, 倒转
-- The car reversed through the gate.
10. A 正确
Overdressed v.(使)穿得太讲究
-- I fell rather overdressed in this smart suit.
Overlooked vt.俯瞰, 远眺
11. B 正确
for the time being = temporarily（adv.临时）
meanwhile = at?the?same?time
As?it?happened 随着这类事情的发生
for?a?while?= for?a?moment
12. C 正确
fly à flew à flown （fly 是不及物动词, 不能用于被动语态。）
-- go?flying
-- send?sth?flying （send sth doing） （direction n.方向）
-- A gust of wind sent the paper flying in all directions 一阵风刮得纸片到处乱
飞。
hurl vt.用力投掷
project v.发射 （= send up 发出, 射出, 长出）
Lesson 07 Mutilated ladies 残钞鉴别组
New words and expression 生词和短语
Mutilate v.使残缺不全 / mutilation n.切断, 毁损
及物动词（经常用于被动语态）
1> 毁伤、残害
-- He was mutilated in the accident, and now has only one leg.
-- a mutilated note 一张残缺不全的钞票
2> 把...搞砸了
-- You„ve already mutilated the novel by making such changes.
Dollar = dad?president 美元
chew? v.咀嚼
-- A lot of people love chewing gums.（chewing gums 口香糖）gum n.树脂, 橡
胶）
-- Don‘t bite off more than one can chew. 不要贪多嚼不烂。Bite（n.咬）
chew?the?fat 聊天, 闲谈
chewed?up 着急的、担心的 嚼碎, 毁坏, 消耗
-- Don„t get worried about your examination.
-- Don„t get chewed up about your examination.
Microwave n.微波，微波炉
Microswitch 微型开关
Microfilm 缩影胶片
Microscope 显微镜
Microsecond 一百万分之一秒, 微秒
Microphone 扩音器, 麦克风
Microbiology 微生物学
micro adj.极小的, 微小的 / macro? adj.巨大的
oven n.炉灶
safekeeping n.妥善保管?
keep something safe
-- Please keep your ID card safe. 妥善保管你的身份证。
干坏事： do?evil (动词) / evil doing (名词)
惹麻烦： make trouble (动词) / trouble making (名词)
Newcastle n.纽卡斯尔（英国港市）
Identify v.鉴定, 识别（= prove identity of sb or sth）
-- He can„t identify the person
identity n.身份
-- So far the archeologists have been unable to discover her
identity.
= So far the archeologists have been unable to identify her.
identification? n.辨认, 鉴定, 证明
spokeswoman n.女发言人
trousers n.裤子, 长裤
Britain n.英国
despair n.绝望, 失望 vi.绝望
concern vt.涉及, 关系到
dismay n.沮丧, 惊慌
note n.纸币
ash n.灰, 灰烬
Text 课文
Why did Jane cook John„s wallet?
Has it ever happened to you? Have you ever put your trousers in
the washing
machine and
then remembered there was a large bank note in your back
pocket?
断首或断尾运用疑问句：
断首--主要引起读者的兴趣和注意力。
断尾--进一步巩固、加深与本段所涉及的内容，并引起读者的沉思。
When you rescued your trousers, did note in your back pocket?
Rescued vt.援救, 营救
-- Hundreds of people went to rescue the plane 无效.
Rescue 是一个大词（大词小用可以加强语气）
When you rescued your trousers, did you find the note was
whiter than white?
whiter than white = damaged, mutilated
People who live in Britain needn„t despair when they made
mistakes like this
(and a lot of
people do)!
needn„t despair(v.) = needn‟t feel despaired(adj.)
Fortunately for them, the Bank of England has a team called
Mutilated Ladies
which deals
with claims from people who fed their money to a machine or to
their dog.
Fortunately for them = luckily for them = happily for them
Team n.队, 组（= Organization n.组织, 机构, 团体）
called Mutilated Ladies = that called Mutilated Ladies
-- 这里采用分词 called 是为了不和后面 which 引导的定语从句从复
deal with v.处理 （deal vi.处理, 应付）
Claim n.(根据权利提出)要求, 索赔
-- make a claim for 对（赔偿等）提出要求...
feed .( fed , fed, feeding) 给吃, 喂
-- feed sth to„ 把某物喂给„
Dogs, it seems, love to chew up money!
it seems 似乎
本句= It seems that dogs love to chew up money!
A recent case concerns Jane Butlin whose fiancé, John, runs a
successful
furniture business.
第二段充分的说明了约翰是怎么样把钱从银行里拿回来
concern vt.涉及到 （= is?about）
run a factory 开一家工厂 / run a company 开一家公司
John had a very good day and put his wallet containing $3,000
into the
microwave oven for
safekeeping.
I have a very good day. 我今天过得很好。
I have a good time. 我玩得很高兴。
Fro safekeeping = to keep it safe
Wallet containing… = wallet which contained…
Then he and Jane went horse-riding.
go horse-riding / go fishing / go hunting / go shopping
When they got home, Jane cooked their dinner in the microwave
oven and
without realizing
it, cooked her fiancé„s wallet as well.
Imagine their dismay when they found a beautifully-cooked
wallet and notes
turned to ash!
beautifully-cooked?wallet 用一种讽刺的口吻, 一种幽默
turn to = turned into = become
John went to see his bank manager who sent the remains of
wallet and the money
to the
special department of the Bank of England in Newcastle: the
Mutilate Ladies!
Who = bank manager
They examined the remain and John got all his money back.
‘So long as there„s something to identify, we will give people
their money back,
‘ said a spokeswoman for the Bank. „Last year, we paid $1.5m
on 21,000 claims.
so?long?as = as long as = on?condition?that 只要„（表假设）
pay?money for„ 为...付多少钱
-- We paid 80 dollars for the dictionary.
pay off 还清(债务等)付清
-- The couples have already paid their debts off
pay back
1> 把钱归还回去
2> 报复、报仇
pay?money?back
pay?somebody?back
-- Don‟t say that again or I will pay you back.
Special difficulties 难点
Interval n.间隔, 距离, 幕间休息
如何运用后缀（名词+后缀à动词）
1> less（表示：否定概念）
-- care（n.v.注意, 关心）à careless（adj.粗心的）
2> ful（表示：有, 充满了）
-- success（n.成功）à successful（adj.成功的）
-- hopeful（adj.怀有希望的） / careful（adj.小心的, 仔细的）
3> ly（形容词+ ly à 副词），（名词+ ly à 形容词）
-- daily（.每日的）/ weekly（.每星期的）
-- yearly（.每年的）/ hourly（adj.每小时的）
4> ic / pic
-- energetic（adj.精力充沛的, 积极的）
-- athlete（n.运动员, 运动选手）à athletic（adj.运动的, 体育的, 身体健壮的）
5> ish
-- fool（n.愚人）à foolish（adj.愚蠢的）
-- childish（adj.孩子气的）/ womanish（adj.像女人的）
Exercise：
1> painless（adj.无痛的, 不痛的）
2> beautiful
3> daily
4> childish（--ish 的形容词具有贬义色彩）
5> athletic（adj.运动的, 体育的, 身体健壮的）
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1.B 正确 involve vt.包括, 使陷入
2.D 正确
-- identify à identifiable（adj.可以确认的）
-- return à returnable（adj.可退回的）
-- eat à eatable（adj.可以吃的）
3.B 正确 unless = if?not
4.A 正确
c) any?large?bank?notes（any +复数）
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5.C 正确 真实的条件句
6.B 正确
一般来说, 如果表示某人的东西就用?‘s.
如果采用介词 of 表示所属关系, 被修饰名词前要出现定冠词。
-- Mary‟s book = the book of Mary
7.C 正确
8.A 正确
简单句, 选用一般过去式
safety n.安全, 保险
9.A 正确
-- in?charge?of 某人负责某物
-- in?the?charge?of 某物由某人负责
10.D 正确 -- become ash = turn?to?ash = turn into ash
11.B 正确
send = dispatch（vt.送, 派遣, 发出）= deliver（vt.递送, 交付）
convey（vt.运输, 运送）
fetch（vt.去取回来）
12.B 正确
provided（conj.倘若）= providing（conj.倘若）
-- Provided that you reduce the price, I„ll take all the goods.
假如你减价, 我会买下所有的货物。
c) supposed 的形式不对, suppose 和 supposing 都可以。
-- Suppose（conj.假使...结果会怎样）= supposing（conj.万一, 假使）
Lesson 08 A famous monastery 著名的修道院
New words and expression 生词和短语
Monastery n.寺院，修道院
Abbot n.男修道院院长
Convent n.女修道会, 女修道院
Nun n.修女
abbess n.女修道院院长
St.?Bernard 圣伯纳德
Pass n.关隘
Watchdog n.看门狗
Rashly adv.莽撞地，冒失地
Boldly adv.大胆地, 显眼地
Enclosure n.围场，圈地
Monk n.和尚
Privacy n.清静，隐居
Skier n.滑雪者
Ski n.滑雪橇 vi.滑雪（-- go skiing）
Easter n.复活节
-- at Easter 在复活节 / at Christmas 在圣诞节 / at
Thanksgiving 在感恩节
connect （v.连接, 联合, 关连）
Switzerland （n.瑞士, 欧洲中部国家）
Italy （n.意大利, 欧洲南部国家）
Metre = Meter （n.米, 公尺）
Lie, Lay, Lain, Lying （vi.位于, 躺, 平放）
Lie, Lied, Lied, Lying（vi.说谎）
Lay, Laid, Laid, Lying（vt.放置, 产卵）
Europe （n.欧洲） Asia （n.亚洲）
Tunnel （n.隧道, 地道） Attempt （vt.尝试, 企图）
Freedom （n.自由, 自主） Wander （vi.漫步, 徘徊）
Regular （adj.规则的, 有秩序的, 经常的）
Party （n.团体, 一伙人）
Peace （n. 静寂, 安宁, 和平, 和睦）
Minus adj.负的, 减的 prep.减去 n.负数
Minus adj.负的负的或在负值区间的
-- a minus value 一个负值 / minus five degrees 零下五度
Degree n.度数, 度, 程度
Text 课文
What are the St. Bernard dogs used for?
The Great St. Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to Italy.
St. = saint（n.圣人, 圣徒 adj.神圣）
Bernard n.伯纳德(男子名)
Pass n.关口
把...与„连接在一起 connect„to„ / join„.to„ / link„with„
with 把...与某事联系在一起
-- I can„t connect the picture with my friend, Mary.
be?connected?with 与...有联系
-- Are you connected with the government?
At 2,473 metres, it is the highest mountain pass in Europe.
At?2,473?metres（介词短语修饰全句用于句首表示原因、条件或状态）
-- In red, she looks much more beautiful.
-- At the age of 25, he is able. 在十五岁的时候, 他很能干。
-- At one point 65 metres, he is a little short.
The famous monastery of St. Bernard, witch was founded in the
eleventh century,
lies about
a mile away.
Found（v.建立, 创立）= set up（设立, 竖立）= establish（vt.成立，建立）
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句最大的区别：
1> 非限制性定语从句只是对主句或主句中所出现的某个名词的补充、说明
和解释, 去掉
对主句影响不大。
2> 限制性定语从句是主句当中不可缺少的一部分。
1>who 引导的非限制性定语从句主要指人做主语
-- Mr. Smith was a famous person in American history.
-- Mr. Smith, who died on July 17th at 84, was a famous person
in American
history.
-- There were very few passengers, who escaped without serious
injury.（n.伤害）
旅客很少, 他们都逃出来了, 没有受到重伤。
-- There were very few passengers who escaped without serious
injury.
没有受重伤而逃出来的旅客很少。
-- The taxi drivers, who knew about the traffic jam, took another
road.
所有司机都知道堵车的事, 都走了别的路。
-- The taxi drivers who knew about the traffic jam took another
road, and others
who didn„t know
about the traffic jam still took this heavy road.
得知堵车的司机走了别的路, 不知道堵车事件的司机仍然走这条路。
2>指代事物在非限制性定语从句当中只能使用 which, 不用
that。
-- He lent me a thousand dollars, which was exactly the sum I
needed.
3>指代时间 when、地点 where
-- He was left on the desert island, where he stayed for as long as
three weeks.
他被留在了荒岛上, 在那里他呆了长达三周之久。
For hundreds of years, St. Bernard dogs have saved the lives of
travellers
crossing the
dangerous Pass.
Life（n.生命, 生活）à lives（life 的复数）
These friendly dogs, which were first brought from Asia, were
used as
watchdogs even in
Roman times.
which 指代 friendly?dogs
-- The panda, which was brought from China, was used as a
symbol of friendship
symbol（n.象征）
Now that a tunnel ahs been built through the mountains, the Pass
is less
dangerous, but each
year, the dogs are still sent out into the snow whenever a traveller
is in difficulty.
Now?that 既然
1> 用做时间连接词, 后面通常跟完成式
-- Now that you have left university, you have to find a job.
2> 用做原因连接词时, 后面时态不限
-- Now that you won„t help me, I must do the job myself.
whoever, whatever, whenever, wherever, whichever, however
= no matter who/what/when/where/which/how
-- You can telephone me whenever you like. 无论什么时候你想打电话给我都
行。
-- Whichever day you come, we„ll be pleased to see you.
-- Wherever you go, I„ll follow you.
-- However busy you are, you must spare some time to study
English.
Despite the new tunnel, there are still a few people who rashly
attempt to cross
the Pass on
foot.
Despite(介词) = in?spite?of (of 是介词)
attempt?to?do?something?= try?to?do?something 企图做某事
There be 结构：
-- There are still a few students studying English in the
classroom.
= There are still a few students who are studying English in the
classroom.
依旧有些学生在教室学习英语。
During the summer months, the monastery is very busy, for it is
visited by
thousands of
people who cross the Pass in cars.
in cars = by car
As there are so many people about, the dogs have to be kept in a
special
enclosure.
About（adv.到处, 周围）
-- Don‘t litter waste paper about. 不要到处扔废纸。 Litter（vt.乱丢, 铺草, 弄
乱）
-- look about 到处看 / go about 到处走 / run about 到处跑 /
wander about
到处闲逛
keep 经常和介词短语、形容词、分词搭配使用, 表示使某人或某物处于某种
状态。
-- Keep him out. / Keep him in.（介词）
-- Do keep the cat in the room. （介词）
-- I‘m?sorry?to?keep?you?waiting.（现在分词）
-- The?lamb?was?kept?tight?to?a?tree. = I kept the lamb tight to
a tree.
lamb（n.小羊, 羔羊） / tight（adj.紧的, 绷紧的）
In winter, however, life at the monastery is quite different.
quite the opposite 恰恰相反
The temperature drops to -30°and very few people attempt to
cross the Pass.
The monks prefer winter to summer of they have more privacy.
prefer A to B 宁愿 A 也不愿 B
-- I prefer reading to doing nothing. 我宁愿看书, 也不愿什么都不做。
-- The boy prefers apples to bananas.
prefer to do sth than do sth
-- He prefers to read than do nothing. 我宁愿看书, 也不愿什么都不做。
The dogs have greater freedom, too, for they are allowed to
wander outside their
enclosure.
The only regular visitors to the monastery in winter are parties of
skiers who go
there at
Christmas and Easter.
The regular visitors to BeiJing.
These young people, who love the peace of mountains, always
receive a warm
welcome at
St. Bernard„s monastery.
Mike, who loves chess very much, enter for the game.
Chess（n.国际象棋）
Special difficulties 难点
1> what
2> when engaged（adj.忙碌的, 使用中的）
3> who
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1... C be?best?known?for?=?be?famous?for„ 众所周知, 因...而著名
attraction（n.吸引, 吸引力） trap（vt.使受限制, 设陷）
2... C the main advantage（n.好处, 优势, 有利条件）
endanger（vt.危及）
Swiss（n.瑞士人 adj.瑞士的, 瑞士人的）
Italian（n.意大利人, 意大利语 adj.意大利的, 意大利语的, 意大利文化的）
3... D differ（vi.不一致, 不同）
occupation（n.工作, 职业） undisturbed（adj.不受打扰的）
pursue（vt.从事, 继续, 追赶） relatively（adv.相对地, 比较地）
4... D 名词作表语（原句中为 at 介词短语作状语）
5... A 形容词或副词和 enough?to?do 搭配
b）选项错在 so?rash?as?to （--
You?are?so?kind?as?to?help?me.）
6... A with 的复合结构形式
-- A large car, with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared
down the arcade.
-- With so many people around me, I fell happy.
7... C 让某人做某事：let?sb?do
8... C 泛泛的概念采取一般现在时
9... B 强调两者之间
10... A
whenever = if?ever 无论什么时候, 只要情况是如此
-- Whenever/if ever you pour oil on water, it floats.（vi.飘浮）
in?case（conj.万一） 主要是讨论预防措施
-- You should insure your house in case there is a fire.
11... D voyage（.航海, 航行）
12... C wander = roam（v.漫游, 闲逛, 徜徉）
graze（v.放牧, 吃草）
drift（n.v.漂流）= float（n.v.浮动, 飘浮）
wonder（vt.想知道, 感到奇怪）
Lesson 09 Flying cats 飞猫
New words and expression 生词和短语
Fascinate v.迷住，吸引住
Fascination（n.魔力, 入迷, 魅力）
Fascinating（adj.令人着迷的）
-- Sweet music is fascinating.
Fascinated（adj.感到着迷的）
Be fascinated with„ 迷上了„
-- He is fascinated with music.
-- He is fascinated with chess. / Are you fascinated with English?
Be crazy about„ 着迷于„
-- He is crazy about music.
Be mad about„ 着迷于„
-- He is mad about music.
Like, Love, Be fond of 喜欢
-- The boy is fond of football.
Affectionate adj.充满深情，柔情的
-- Cats are affectionate animals.
Affectionately（adv.充满深情的, 有感情的, 慈爱的）
-- The lady is looking that man affectionately
affection（n.友爱, 爱情, 影响, 疾病, 倾向）
affect（vt.影响, 感动）
Mysterious adj.神秘的，难以理解的
-- a mysterious plan / a mysterious explanation
mystery（n.谜面，神秘感）
-- His death is a mystery.
Submissive adj.服从的，顺从的
be submissive to sb
-- Dogs and horses are submissive, but cats are never submissive
to us.
Obedient（adj.服从的, 孝顺的）
-- Are you obedient?
Submit（v.服从, 顺从）
-- submit oneself to sb/sth
Submission（n.屈服, 降服, 服从）
Feline adj.猫的
Independence n.独立，独立性 dependence（n.依靠, 依赖, 信任, 信赖）
Independent（adj.独立自主的, 不受约束的） dependent（adj.依靠的, 依赖的）
-- You have already grown up, you must be independent.
Depend（vi.依靠, 依赖） independ 没有此词
-- You must depend on yourself.
high-rise adj.高层的
windowsill n.窗槛
paratrooper n.伞兵
squirrel n.松鼠
air-resistance n.空气阻力
impact n.冲击力
height（n.高度, 海拔, 高地[常用复数]）
protect（vt.保护）
remain（vi.保持）
suspicious（adj.可疑的, 怀疑的）
apparently（adj.显然的, 外观上的）
ability（n.能力, 才干）
fall（vi.倒下, 落下）--（fell, fallen, falling）
medical（adj.医学的, 内科的）
period（n.时期, 学时）
shock（n.打击, 震动）
injury（n.伤害, 侮辱） injure（vt.损害, 伤害）
ideal（n.理想 adj.理想的, 完美的）
sill（n.窗台, 门槛）
storey（n.层 = [美]story）
behave（vi.举动, 举止, 运转）
suffer（vt.遭受, 经历, 忍受 vi.受痛苦, 受损害）
stretch（v.伸展, 伸长）
increase（n.增加 vt.增加, 加大 vi.增加, 繁殖）
resistance（n. 阻力, 电阻, 抵抗力, 反抗, 抵抗）
reduce（vt.减少, 缩小）
Text 课文
How do cats try to protect themselves when falling from greatheights?
Cats never fail to fascinate human beings.
never?fail?to 双重否定意味肯定（运用双重否定结构加深句子肯定的语气）
-- If you ask for help in the polite way, you never fail to succeed.
-- If you receive requests like this, you„ll never fail to accept.
双重否定结构：（起加深句子肯定的语气的作用）
1>否定词+fail?to
-- never?fail?to / can„t?fail?to / don„t?fail?to
2>否定的形容词之前加以否定
-- What he said is not unreasonable.（adj.不讲道理的, 不合理的）
-- It is quite common for us to make mistakes.
= It is not uncommon for us to make mistakes.
3> not + without
-- You can‘t obtain English without working hard. Obtain（vt.获得, 得到）
-- He doesn„t have any meal without meats.
4> no + not
-- There is no cat that doesn„t like fish.
-- There is nothing that he can‘t do. 没有什么他不能做的。
-- There is no rule that has no exception. 没有无例外的法规。Exception（n.除
外, 例外）
They can be friendly and affectionate towards humans, but they
lead mysterious
lives of
their own as well.
as well 也, 又, 同样
They never become submissive like dogs and horses.
As a result, humans have learned to respect feline independence.
as a result adv.结果
have?learned?to 学会了, 习惯了
-- People have learned to expect(盼望) that trains are punctual.（adj.准时的）
-- Children have learned to expect(认为) that their parents are
very able.（adj.能
干的）
Most cats remain suspicious of humans all their lives.
be?suspicious?of„ 对„表示怀疑, 存有戒心
One of the things that fascinates us most about cats is the popular
belief that they
have nine
lives.
that?引导同位语从句
-- One of the things that fascinates us most about planes is the
popular fact that
they are safe and
fast.
Apparently, there is a good deal of truth in this idea. herehere
a?good?deal?of +不可数名词
apparently（adv.显然地），语气不是非常确定（= It ）
A cat„s ability to survive falls is based on fact.
Survive（v.幸免于, 幸存, 生还）
Fall（n.堕落, 落下, 下降）
-- a cat„s ability to survive falls is based on fact
be?based?on 基于事实基础之上
base?sth?on „ 把某事建立在„基础之上
-- We base the theory on the fact. 我们把这理论建立在事实的基础之上。
-- The theory is based on fact. 这理论是建立在事实基础上的。
Recently the New York Animal Medical Center made a study of
132 cats over a
period of five
months.
make?a?study?of?sth 对什么作出研究
over a period of five months
All these cats had one experience in common: they had fallen off
high buildings,
yet only
eight of them died from shock or injuries.
in common = the same
fall?off 坠落，掉落
die?of?+ illness, disease, hunger, thirst
die?from?+ shock, injures, wound
Of course, New York is the ideal place for such an interesting
study, because
there is no
shortage of tall buildings.
Shortage（n.不足, 缺乏）= lack（n.缺乏, 短缺），两个词都和
of 搭配
-- Shortage of money led to the failure of the experiments.
资金缺乏导致实验的失败。
There are plenty of high-rise windowsills to fall from! One cat,
Sabrina, fell 32
storeys, yet
only suffered from a broken tooth.
32 storeys
suffer?from 遭受什么痛苦
-- A lot of people in the world are suffering from terrible disease.
‘Cats behave like well-trained paratroopers.„ a doctor said.
behave like = act like
well-trained 训练很好的，well-decorated 装饰漂亮的
It seems that the further cats fall, the less they are likely to injure
themselves.
（用定冠词 the +形容词或副词的比较级）
-- The harder you study English, the better you can learn it.
-- The more you eat, the fatter you will be.
be?likely?to?do 有可能如何（强调可能性）
-- In cold winter, we are likely to catch a cold.
In a long drop, they reach speeds of 60 miles an hour and more.
and?more 甚至更多（= more than 60 miles an hour）
At high speeds, falling cats have time to relax. They stretch out
their legs like
flying squirrels.
at high speeds
stretch??out 充分伸展
This increases their air-resistance and reduces the shock of
impact when they hit
the ground.
Special difficulties 难点
so, such, such a, such an
1> so
2> such （fun 是不可数名词）
3> such an （exhibition n.展览会）
4> so （twin n.双胞胎中一人）
5> such a
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1... A endlessly?fascinating 无穷的吸引人的
Endlessly（adv.不断地, 无穷尽地）
2... D
3... A
unlikely（adj.未必的, 不太可能的）
exceed（vt.超越, 胜过）
4... C
for 对于人们来讲
with 对于人们来讲（强调对比概念）
-- With some children, their pocket money goes a long way.（暗含：对于其他的
孩子来说„）
Unfailing（adj.经久不衰的,无穷尽的）
Endless（adj.无止境的, 无穷的）
5... B
as...as... 象„一样
in?the? 以„方式
-- I love you in the way that you love me.
-- We like modern art in the same way that we like pretty curtain
material.
6... D popularly（adv.一般地, 流行地, 通俗地, 大众地）
It?is? 据说„
It?is? 据宣布„
It?is? 据报道„
7... B there is plenty of 改为 there are plenty of 就对了
8... A
9... A
throughout（prep.遍及, 贯穿）
-- throughout one‘s life 毕生, 整个一生中
during 在„期间（时间较短）
-- during our holiday / during the week
through 侧重强调从空间穿过
-- through?the?crowd 穿过人群 / through?the?door
-- Monday through Friday
10... C It would seem (that)... = apparently
event n.结果, 事件, 事变 （in the event adv.结果, 如果）
Surprisingly（adv.令人惊讶地）
11... C
explain（v.解释, 说明）
test（v.测试, 试验, 检验）
bear .（bore, borne/born, bearing）v.负担, 忍受
support（vt.支撑, 扶持, 支持）
-- The theory is supported by the fact.
-- The theory is based on the fact.
12... A
even so（conj.虽然如此） 注意：要有上下文
-- He is very tired, even so he keeps studying English hard.
Although（conj.虽然, 尽管）引导让步状语从句
in?spite?of（虽然, 尽管）只用了连接名词、动名词或代词
moreover（adv.而且；此外）表示递近关系
-- I don‘t like skating; moreover, the ice is too thin. 我不喜欢溜冰，而且冰也
太薄。
Lesson 10 The loss of the Titanic “泰坦尼克”号的沉没
New words and expression 生词和短语
Southampton n.南安普敦（英国港市）
Colossal adj.庞大的（= large in size）
-- A ship Titanic was colossal.
-- A colossal monument / A colossal statue
big
-- You give me a big surprise.
-- He is a big person.（重要）
-- The box is big.（large and heavy）
large（体积大 、数量大）
-- an?empty?large?box（体积大） / a?large?number?of?people（数量大）
great?（伟大）
vast?（辽阔、广阔）?-- vast?desert
immense（adj.极广大的, 无边的）
-- immense = immeasurable?不可测量的 （measurable adj.可测量的）
-- an immense stadium / an immense iceberg
enormous（重点突出数量、程度、体积）---强调程度时比 big
语气, 且更正
式。
-- We had an enormous lunch.
-- He made a big success. / He made an enormous success.
Giant（n.巨人, 大力士 adj.庞大的, 巨大的）= gigantic（adj.巨人般的, 巨大
的）
-- a?giant?person?
tremendous （= big、fast、powerful）
-- The plane is travelling at tremendous speed.
Titanic（用于修饰人和物、体积大、力量大）
-- The?ship?is?titanic.
Huge
-- 强调体积大 a?huge?stone / 数量巨大a?huge?sum?of?money
watertight adj.不漏水的 （-- a watertight ship）
watertight（引申为无限可击的、毫无破绽的）
-- watertight?arguments 无懈可击的论点 / watertight?excuse
毫无破绽的借
口
water proof（adj.防水的） proof（adj.不能透入的）
-- waterproof?watch 防水手表 / waterproof?coat 防水雨衣
compartment n.（轮船的）密封舱
flood v.充满水（= be filled with water）
-- The ship is flooded.
-- The room was flooded with moonlight.
-- Our classroom is flooded with sunshine.
Flood n.洪水（-- in?flood 洪水泛滥）
-- During the rains, the river is in flood
引申表示连续不断的、滔滔不绝的（-- in?a?flood?of?words?）
-- She blamed her husband in a flood of words on seeing him.
Float v.漂浮, 飘浮 = drift（vi,vt 漂浮, 漂荡, 漂流 n.漂流物,
漂流）
tragic adj.悲惨的（= unfortunate）-- a tragic accident
miserable（adj.痛苦的, 悲惨的）
bitter adj.痛苦的
tragedy n.悲剧, 惨案（-- in?tragedy 以悲剧形式）
-- The holiday ended in tragedy.
Comedy n.喜剧
comic adj.喜剧的, 滑稽的
comical adj.古怪的, 可笑的（含有贬义）
liner n.班船
voyage n.航行（海上航行）/ flight 飞行 / journey 长途行程
-- The voyage is more than the old lady can bear.
navigation 航海, 航行学, 航海[航空]术
-- navigation light 夜航灯光, 导航灯
Iceberg n.冰山
lookout n.了望员
collision n.碰撞
collide? vi?碰撞, 抵触
-- The plane collided with the mountain.
无效? v.坠毁
-- It is said that there is an airplane that 无效 ed in the
mountains.
conflict? vi.和某事（某人）相抵触
-- My idea conflicts with yours.
clash? vi.相冲突
-- His?wedding?clashed?with?my?examination,
so?I?couldn„t?go.
Narrowly adv.刚刚，勉强地
miss v.避开
slight adj.轻微的
tremble v.震颤（有规律的、小幅度的抖动）
-- Look, your hands are trembling. what„s wrong with you?
Shiver ?v.强调由于寒冷、惧怕而一连串地抖动
-- I found he„s shivering in a cold.
shudder? vi.强调全身的颤栗
-- The boy is shuddering, why? Because he was frightened.
Faint adj.微弱的（= weak adj.弱的, 虚弱的）
-- faint sound, weak sound / weak voice, faint voice
= unconscious（adj.失去知觉, 无意识的）
-- He has been faint for a long time.
slight? adj.轻微的, 微不足道的
-- a slight headache 点轻微的头疼 / a slight book 一本微不足道的书
horror n.恐惧
abandon v.抛弃（因为某事而被迫放弃自己喜爱的事物）
-- He abandoned his research because of the war.
desert?（vt.放弃, 遗弃, 离弃）
-- desert the army / desert the duty / desert his family
plunge v.投入，跳入（= jump or rush suddenly and wildly）
-- He got so angry that he plunge into the water.
-- When the ship Titanic sank in the ocean, a large number of
people plunged
jump（侧重强调快速地跳）
-- The boy is jumping up and down.
Leap vt. 跳跃, 跳越（-- He?leapt?out?of?the?sleeping?bad.）
Dive vi.潜水, 跳水, 下潜, 俯冲
lifeboat n.救生船
passenger n.乘客, 旅客
crew n.全体人员 ton n.吨, 大量, 许多
unsinkable adj.不会下沉的，不会沉底的
sinking n.沉没 Atlantic n.大西洋 adj.大西洋的
Alarm n.警报
Sharply adj.突然地, 急剧地, 强烈地, 尖锐地
Direct adj.直接的, 笔直的
Trembling adj.发抖的, 震颤的, 颤抖的 n.发抖, 震颤
Text 课文
What would have happened if only two of the sixteen water-tight
compartments
had been flooded?
The great ship, Titanic, sailed for New York from Southampton
on April 10th,
1912.
The?great?ship, Titanic, 背景介绍
sail?for„ 航海去往某处
set?out?for / set off for 出发去往某处
leave for / head for / make for 出发去往某处
-- He will set out for the Atlantic.
-- The plane is making for the airport.
-- We are heading for Canada.
She was carrying 1,316 passengers and a crew of 891.
She （carry?表示载有）
a?crew?of 一组人员
Even by modern standards, the 46,000 ton Titanic was a colossal
ship.
modern?standards?现代的标准
by =?according?to?表示依据
-- by?regulation 依据规则 （regulation n.规则, 规章）
-- by?rules 依据条例（rule n.规则, 惯例）
-- by?our?estimate 依据我们的估计（estimate n.估计, 估价, 评估 v.估计, 估
价, 评估）
-- by?one‘s?looks?= by?one‘s?appearance 根据某人的长相（appearance n.
外貌, 出现）
according?to„ 依据（事实、课文等客观存在的现实）
-- according?to?the?fact 依据事实
-- according?to?the?text 依据这篇课文
in accordance with = according to
in?accordance?with„ 依据（法律等），更加正式
-- in accordance with law / in accordance with rules
in?my?opinion 在我看来
At the time, however, she was not only the largest ship that had
ever been built,
but was
regarded as unsinkable, for she had sixteen watertight
compartments.
At?that?time 在当时
but(also)... 不仅„而且„
be?regarded?as = be?considered?to?be = be?thought?of?as 把...看作为
口语中：regard?sb./sth.?As + (n./porn./adj./doing/done)
-- I regard his idea as totally unacceptable.（adj.无法接受的, 不受欢迎的）
-- We can‘t regard the matter as settled.（adj.定下的, 决定的）
for?表示原因
Even if two of these were flooded, she would still be able to float.
be?able?to 强调有能力
The tragic sinking of this great liner will always be remembered,
for she went
down on her
first voyage with heavy loss of life.
be?remembered 被永远记住 （always adv.永远, 始终, 总是）
go down = sink
on?her?first?voyage 处女航, 首航
with?heavy?loss?of?life 损失惨重, 造成大批人员的死亡
Four days after setting out, while the Titanic was sailing across
the icy water of
the North
Atlantic, huge iceberg was suddenly spotted by a lookout.
four days after = four days after
spotted = discovered
icy（adj.冰冷的, 冷淡的, 盖着冰的） waters（n.水域, 海域）
After the alarm had been given, the great ship turned sharply to
avoid a direct
collision.
the?alarm?had?been?given 发出警报
不定式表目的
The Titanic turned just in time, narrowly missing the immense
wall of ice which
rose over
100 feet out of the water beside her.
Just in time 很及时
Missing„ 现在分词做状语, 对主句的补充说明
which?指代 the?immense?wall?of?ice
Suddenly, there was a slight trembling sound from below, and the
captain went
down to see
what had happened.
from?below 从下方 / from?above 从上方
The noise had been so faint that no one though that the ship had
been damaged.
So faint that no one （so...that„）
Below, the captain realized to his horror that the Titanic was
sinking rapidly, for
five of her
sixteen watertight compartments had already been flooded!
to?one‘s?horror 使某人感到惊恐
to?one‘s?surprise 使某人感到惊讶
The order to abandon ship was given and hundreds of people
plunged into the icy
water.
The?order?was?given 命令被下达 / to?abandon?ship 弃船（不定式做定语）
-- be able to do sth 能够做某事 / the ability to do sth 做某事的能力
-- order sb to do sth 命令某人做某事 / the order to do sth 做某事的命令
-- be?capable?of?doing?sth 有能力做某事 /
capability?of?doing?sth 做某事的
能力
ability（n.能力, 才干）
capable（adj.有能力的, 能干的, 有可能的）
capability（n.能力, 才能, 才干）
As there were not enough lifeboats for everybody, 1,500 lives
were lost.
As = because
Special difficulties 难点
1>动词后加-er
如果是以不发音的 e 结尾的, 只加 （r表示行为的主动者, 做某事的人）。
work à worker / teachàteacher / writeàwriter / readàreader
murder（vt.谋杀, 凶杀）à murderer（n.杀人犯, 凶手）
2>动词、名词后加-ist （表示某种主义信仰者, 从事某种职业、研究的人。）
Copy à copyist（n.抄写员, 模仿者）
无效 à typist（n.打字员）
novel（n.小说, 长篇故事）à novelist（n.小说作家）
drug（n.药）à druggist（n.药商, 药剂师）
tobacco（n.烟草, 烟草制品）à tobacconist（n.烟草商, 烟店）
3 >形容词后加-ness（抽象名词, 表示一种性质、情况、状态）
kind à kindness（n.仁慈, 亲切, 好意, 善意）
bitter à bitterness（n.苦味, 辛酸, 苦难）
happy à happiness（n.幸福, 快乐）--- 以结尾要变 y 为 i 加
ness.
willing（adj.乐意的, 自愿的）à willingness（n.自动自发,积极肯干）
4>某些动词后加-ion,构成名词。
Suggest à suggestion
possess（vt.占有, 拥有, 持有）à possession（n.拥有, 占有）
collect à collection（n.收藏, 搜集品）
以-te 结尾的动词, 把不发音的-e 去掉, 在加-ion.
Translate（vt.翻译, 解释, 转化） à translation（n.翻译, 译文,
转化）
complete à completion（n.完成）
graduate（v.(使)(大学)毕业）à graduation（n.毕业, 毕业典礼）
某些以-aim/-ain 结尾的动词、把-i 去掉，在加-ation.
Explain（v.解释, 说明）à explanation（n.解释, 解说, 说明）
Exclaim（v.呼喊, 惊叫, 大声叫）à exclamation（n.惊叫, 喊叫）
5>（以-able/-ible 结尾的）形容词之后加-ity 变成（以-ability/-ibility 结尾的）
抽象名词
（表示性质、状态）
able à ability
probable（adj.很可能的, 大概的）à probability（n.可能性, 或然性, 概率）
possible（adj.可能的）à possibility（n.可能性, 可能发生的事物）
mobile（adj.可移动的, 机动的）à mobility（n.活动性, 灵活性, 机动性）
Exercise：
Violin（n.小提琴）à violinist（n.小提琴演奏者, 小提琴家）
Responsible（adj.有责任的, 可靠的）à responsibility（n.责任,
职责）
Careless（adj.粗心的, 疏忽的） à carelessness
1> physics（n.物理学）à physicist（n.物理学者, 唯物论者）
2> mine（n.矿 v.开采, 开矿）à miner（n.矿工）
3> human（n.人类 adj.人类的）à humanity（n.人性, 人类）
4> impress（vt.留下印象）à impression（n.印象, 感想）
-- make a good impression
5> original（adj.最初的, 原始的）à originality（n.创意, 创造性）
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1... D maiden（n.少女, 处女 adj.未婚的, 纯洁的, 处女的）
-- on?her?first?= maiden?voyage 首航, 处女航
2„C course（n.过程, 路线, 课程）
-- steep（adj.陡峭的, 险峻的）à steeply（adv.险峻地）
3... A
4... B on board her（her 指代的是 the?great?ship）
-- on board the plane 在飞机上
-- on board the train 在火车上
-- on board the ship 在轮船上
5... D 表示下沉的可能性
6„ D 有了“段时间”four days, 所以用过去完成进行时。
7... B so 位于句首, 句子必须倒装。
8... D
9... A veer（vi.转向 vt.使转向）= turn
10... C just?in?time = with no time to spare ?躲得很及时
in next to no time = at once = immediately
on?a?sudden?impulse 凭一时的冲动（impulse n.冲动, 推动,
刺激）
11... B 重点在于下去调查
investigate（v.调查, 研究） examine（v.检查, 调查）
12... A room（n.空间）
volume（n.容量, 容积）
area（n.范围, 区域,地区）
place（n.地方, 地点）
Lesson 11 Not guilty 无罪
New words and expression 生词和短语
Guilty adj.犯罪的，违法的
-- He felt guilty when he did what he shouldn„t have done.
-- He said that with a guilty smile.
Guilt (n.罪行, 内疚) guiltily (adv.有罪地, 有罪似地)
反义词：innocent (adj.清白的, 无罪的) innocence (n.清白)
tolerant adj.宽容的 à Tolerantly (adv.)
-- A tolerant person must be easy going. 一个宽容的人一定是很好相处的。
Tolerance (n.宽容, 忍受, 容忍) Tolerate (vt.忍受, 容忍)
Tolerable (adj.可忍受的) hardship (n.困苦, 艰难, 辛苦)
-- The hardship is tolerable. 这种困苦还是可以忍受的。
declare v.申报
hardened adj.有经验的（侧重于老练的）
-- a hardened player / a hardened thief
experienced adj.富有经验的 (侧重于有经验的)
-- an experienced teacher
professional adj.职业的，专业的
-- a professional player 一个职业的选手
smuggler n.走私者
officious adj.爱管闲事的 / Officiousness (n.)
-- A lot of old ladies are officious.
Officious adj.多管闲事的, 非官方的, 非正式的, 专横的
-- civil（adj.全民的, 市民的, 公民的, 国民的）
-- servant（n.仆人）
-- civil servant n.文职人员,公务员,公仆,(联合国等机构的行政人员)
-- officious civil servant 爱管闲事的的公务员
-- an officious police officer 专横的的警官
Officiously（adv.多管闲事的, 非正式的, 非官方的）
official adj.官方的, 官员的, 正式的
-- An official inquiry will be made into this matter.（inquiry n.质询, 调查）
此事将进行一次官方调查。
Confidently adv.自信地（= with?confidence?充满信心的）
-- He went to do the work confidently.
Confident (adj.自信的, 确信的)
Confidence (n.信心)
-- have?confidence 有信心 / gain?confidence 获得信心
in?confidence (悄悄的,秘密的) = secretly
take?sb into?one‘s?confidence 以某人为心腹
-- The boss takes his secretary into his confidence.
dreadful adj.可怕的，一团糟的 （= frightful adj.糟糕的, 讨厌的）
dreadful（侧重于可怕的, 乱七八糟的）
-- The room is dreadful / a frightful day
fearful（表示胆怯的, 恐惧的）
-- she felt fearful particularly when she went out at night.（adv.独特地, 显著地）
pounce v.猛抓，扑住
perfume n.香水（人造的）
fragrance （抽象名词）n.芬芳, 芳香, 香气, 香味
sarcastically adv.讽刺地
exempt adj.被免除的
duty n.税
-- Customs?Duty 关税 / duty?free 免税的
-- Stamp?Duty 印花税 （stamp n.邮票, 印花, 图章, 标志）
同义词：tax n.税, 税款, 税金
-- income?tax 所得税
gel n.凝胶
mixture n.混合物
mix（v.使混和, 混淆, 混合） -- mix sth With
-- Oil does not mix with water. 油不能和水融合在一起
unscrew v.拧开
nostril n.鼻孔
chalk n.粉笔
baggage n.行李
同义词：luggage（n.行李, 皮箱）
trouble vt.(使)烦恼, 麻烦, 打扰
hide .（hid, hidden, hiding）隐藏
eh int.(表示惊奇、疑问等) 啊，嗯
particular（adj.特殊的, 特别的, 独特的）
particularly（adv.异常地,显著地,特别地,格外,尤其）
import n.进口, 进口货(常用复数), 输入
encouraging（adj.鼓励的） encouragingly（adv.鼓励的）
greet vt.问候, 向...致意, 映入眼帘
convince vt.使确信, 使信服
Text 课文
What was the Customs Officer looking for?
Customs Officers are quite tolerant these days, but they can still
stop you when
you are
going through the Green Channel and have nothing to declare.
the Green Channel = the Custom Office
我们在运用形容词、动词时, 往往需要用副词来强调。
Really（表示“真正的”）
-- a really officious person
particularly（强调“特别, 尤其是”）
absolutely（强调“绝对的”）
completely = entirely = fully = thoroughly（强调“完全的, 彻底的”）
extremely（强调“特别, 特别是”）
fairly adv.相当地, 还算（语气一般）
-- a fairly gook book. 一本还算可以的书。
very（语气程度强烈“非常”）
-- a very good book. 一本非常好的书。
rather 语意程度接近 fairly, 注意不冠词的位置。
-- a fairly good book.
-- a rather good book = rather a good book (更常用)
quite right / quit wrong / quite mistaken / quite sure
even really
a particularly officious young
Even really honest people are often made to feel guilty.
are made to feel guilty
make, have, let 及感官性动词 see, hear, notice, feel?用于主动语态, 符合宾语
不定式的符号 to
应省略。但这种结构改成被动式时, 不定式符号 to 必须还原。
-- We heard someone come up the stairs.
-- Someone was heard to come up the stairs.
The hardened professional smuggler, on the other hand, is never
troubled by such
feelings,
even if he has five hundred gold watches hidden in his suitcase.
even if he has five hundred gold watches hidden in his suitcase.
= Even if/though he has five hundred golden watches that are
hidden in his
suitcase.
hidden in his suitcase（过去分词短语作定语, 修饰 watches）
On the , on the other hand„。
-- On the one hand we could stay and help you, but on the other
hand it might be
better if you
went to help him instead.
When I returned form abroad recently, a particularly officious
young Customs
Officer
clearly regarded me as a smuggler.
‘Have you anything to declare?„ he asked, looking me in the
eye.
looking?me?in?the?eye 两眼直盯盯的注视着我
= look sb in the face = stare sb in the eyes = look directly at sb
-- Not one of the men dared look him in the eye. 没有人敢正眼看他。
‘No„, I answered confidently.
‘Would you mind unlocking this suitcase please?„ „Not at all,„ I
answered.
Would you mind unlocking this suitcase, please?
注意：mind 后面的动名词形式
The Officer went through the case with great care.
The Officer went through the case with great care.
= The Officer examined the case carefully
with?great?care 强调相当的仔细
All the thing I had packed so carefully were soon in a dreadful
mess.
in?a?mess 乱作一团
介词 in?和名词搭配，表示一种状态
-- in?good?order 秩序井然 / -- in?good?health 身体健康
-- in?a?good?mood 心情好 / -- in?a?good?temper 脾气好
I felt sure I would never be able to close the case again.
Suddenly, I saw the Officer„s face light up.
light?up 喜气洋洋, 容光焕发
-- Marsha‟s?face?lit?up?when?she?saw?her?old?friend.
-- His face lighted up at the small triumph.（n.胜利, 成功）
-- Tom really lighted up when he saw the new bicycle.
Light 的过去式与过去分词即可以是 lit, 也可以是 lighted.
-- 但是如果运用过去分词作定语, 表示被点燃的, 要用
lighted。
-- a?lighted?cigar 一支被点燃的雪茄
-- a?lighted?stick 点燃的火炬
He had spotted a tiny bottle at the bottom of my case and he
pounced on it with
delight.
with?delight 欣喜若狂地 （with 和抽象名词搭配, 表示内心充满了一种感
情）
-- with?confidence 自信地 / -- with?care 细心地
-- with?pride 骄傲地 / -- with?delight 欣喜若狂地
pounce?on 向...猛扑过去, 对...大做文章
-- The?policeman?pounced?on?the?thief. 警察向小偷猛扑过去。
-- Don‘t pounce on my mistake. 不要对我的错误大做文章。
‘Perfume, eh?„ he asked sarcastically.„You should have declared
that. Perfume
is not exempt
from import duty.„
should?have 和过去分词搭配（表示本应该做某事却没有做,
具有谴责性的味
道）
-- You should have arrived here five minutes earlier.
-- You should have told me about it.
shouldn‘t?have?done 本不应该做某事
exempt v.免除 adj.被免除的（be exempt from）
-- Drinks are not exempt from import duty. Perfume is not
exempt from import
duty either.
‘But it isn„t perfume,„ I said. „It„s hair gel.„ Then I added with a
smile,
‘It„s a strange mixture
I make myself.„
As I expected, he did not believe me.
As：关系代词（引导非限制性定语从句, 它所指代的内容就是主句的整个句
子的含义）
-- As?we?know, the?earth?is?round. 众所周知, 地球是圆的。
-- As?I mentioned 正如我所提及的
-- As?I?soon?learned, he was English himself. 正如我很快得知的,他也是英国
人。
关系代词 as 和 which 的区别：
as 所引导的非限制性定语从句, 可用在主句之前。
which 引导的非限制性定语从句, 只能用在主句之后。
‘Try it!„ I said encouragingly.
Encouragingly 副词形式
The officer unscrewed the cap and put the bottle to his nostrils.
He was greeted by an unpleasant smell which convinced him that
I was telling
the truth.
Greet
1> vt.问候, 向...致意
2> vt.觉察到, 呈现在...眼前, 在...耳边
-- I woke up and was greeted by a bird‘s song. 当我醒来时, 耳边是鸟鸣声。
-- Inside the room a dreadful mess greeted us. 当我进入房间，眼前是一堆乱七
八糟的东西。
-- When he went into the kitchen, a smell greeted him.
A few minutes later, I was able to hurry away with precious chalk
marks on my
baggage.
Precious adj.宝贵的, 贵重的
Special difficulties 难点
Canada n.加拿大
Canadian adj.加拿大的 n.加拿大人
Expectation n.期待, 预料
France n.法国, 法兰西
French n.法国人, 法语 adj.法国的, 法国人的, 法语的
Germany n.德国
German n.德国人, 德语 adj.德国的, 德国人的, 德语的
Danish n.丹麦语 adj.丹麦的
Denmark n.丹麦（北欧国家,首都哥本哈根）
Copenhagen n.哥本哈根
Tivoli n.提沃利（意大利中部一城市）
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1.C potential（adj.潜在的, 可能的）
2.C what 提问 à 名词回答 idea（n.想法, 念头）
3.A smuggle（n.走私, 偷带 v.走私）
4.D
5.C look him in the eyes/face = look directly at him
6.B would you kindly do sth please? （一种有礼貌的请求）
7.A should = ought to
8.A Having finished his homework, he went to bed.
9.C easy-going（adj.好相处的, 随和的）
tolerable（adj.可容忍的??能忍耐的）
placid（adj.平静的）
negligent（adj.疏忽的, 粗心大意的）
10 A feel ashamed of„ 为„感到羞愧
unashamed（adj.不害羞的, 不知耻的）
guiltless（adj.无罪的, 无辜的）
11.D?
incomprehensible（= unable?to?be?understood）adj.不能理解的technical（adj.专业性的, 技术的, 技术上的）
-- The article is full of incomprehensible technical expressions.
Incredible（= unbelievable）adj.难以置信的, 不可思议的
-- What you said is incredible.
Incredulous（adj.怀疑的, 不轻信的）
-- He is an incredulous person.
Skeptical（unwilling?to?believe）adj.好怀疑的, 怀疑的
12. baggage（n.行李, <军队的>行装）= luggage（n.行李, 皮箱）casement（n.门式窗）
equipment（n.装备, 设备, 器材, 装置）
Lesson 12 Life on a desert island
New words and expression 生词和短语
desert?island 荒岛
desert n.沙漠 vt.背弃,遗弃
dessert n.甜点
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unrealistic adj.不真实
paradise n.天堂，乐士
-- A lot of people imagine the USA as their paradise.
Heaven n.天堂, 天国（也指死亡 -- go to heaven）
wretched adj.可怜的，艰苦的
= miserable adj.痛苦的, 悲惨的, 可怜
-- lead a wretched/miserable/terrible/dog’s life. 过着悲惨的生活。
starve v.挨饿（-- starve to death 饿死）
-- During the war, a large of people starved to death.
-- hungry to death 我饿得要死（即：我非常饿）
element n.成分
opportunity n.机会
golden opportunity 绝好的机会
-- Don‟t miss any golden opportunities.
-- opportunity knocks only once 千载难逢的机会
chance 表机会时可以与 opportunity 互换（后面+of doing, 或to do）
-- I had the chance of visiting Paris. = I had the opportunity of
visiting Paris.
-- He had no opportunity to see her.
chance 表可能性时(= possibility), 则不可 opportunity 互换。
-- There is a chance that I will see him. 我有可能见到她。
-- The chances are that he will be elected the president. 他有可能当选总统。
-- The chances are that he will pass his examination next week.
coral n.珊瑚
Virgin?Islands 维尔京群岛
Miami n.迈阿密（美国最南的城市）
Dinghy n.救生筏，小船
Caribbean n.加勒比海
spear?gun 捕鱼枪
lobster n.龙虾
tanker n.油轮
genuinely adv.由衷地
-- He is genuinely thankful to me. 他由衷地地感谢我。
Genuine adj.真实的, 真正的, 诚恳的
Genuineness（n.）
Robinson?Crusoe 鲁滨孙.克鲁索（小说《鲁滨孙漂流记》主人公）
Exceptional adj.例外的, 异常的
Ripe adj.熟的, 成熟的
Fruit n.水果, 果实, 果类, 成果
Opposite adj.相对的, 相反的, 对等的 n.相反的事物
Sink vi.沉下, (使)下沉
Prove vt.证明, 证实
Spear n.矛, 枪
Text 课文
What was exceptional about the two men„s stay on the desert
island?
Most of us have formed an unrealistic picture of life on a desertisland.
form an?unrealistic?picture?of?sth 对„抱有不切实际的幻想
-- A large number of people have formed an unrealistic picture of
the job.
Form（v.形成, 构成）= develop（vt.逐渐形成）
-- develop a habit = form a habit 养成一种习惯
We sometimes imagine a desert island to be a sort of paradise
where the sun
always shines.
imagine sth to be = imagine sth as
-- Some people imagine flying to be more dangerous than
traveling by train.
-- A large number people imagine the USA as their paradise.
Life there is simple and good. Ripe fruit falls from the trees and
you never have
to work.
You never have to work = you needn‟t work = you don‟t need to
work
The other side of the picture is quite the opposite. Life on a desert
island is
wretched.
quite?the?opposite 恰恰相反 / quite different
You either starve to death or live like Robinson Crusoe, Waiting
for a boat which
never
comes.
Either you or I am going to the party. （谓语动词和最接近的主语保持一致）
Either come in or go out, don’t stand on the doorway.（门口, 门道）
Perhaps there is an element of truth in both these pictures, but
few us have had
the
opportunity to find out.
an element of truth = a bit of truth
Optimistic（adj.乐观的） Pessimistic（adj.悲观的, 消极的）
Two?men?who?recently?spent?five?days?on?a?coral?island?wished?they?had?stayed
?there?longer.?
谓语动词 wish 之后的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气
1>如果表达与现在情况相反, that 从句中的动词要用过去时（be?动词要用
were）。
-- I wish you could drive a car. = I am sorry you can‟t drive a car.
所表达的意思是：你要是能开车就好了。（表达一种遗憾的心情）
2>如果表达与过去情况相反, that 从句中的动词要用过去完
2023年12月20日发(作者：裔念寒)
Lesson 01 A Puma at large 逃遁的美洲狮
New words and expression 生词和短语
学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用
学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里
puma n.美洲狮
spot v.看出, 发现??
= see, pick out, recognize, catch sight of 强调结果, 辨别出, 看见, 识别, 发
现
-- A tall man is easy to spot in the crowd.
-- He has good eye for spotting mistakes.
同意词：
-- find：强调发现的结果 / find?out：查出事实真相
-- discover：做出重大发现 / notice：注意到
-- observe：观察 / watch：观察活动中的人或画面
Spot n.斑点
-- There is a white spot on the shirt.
on the spot 有两个含义：
1> 立刻, 马上（at?once, immediately）
-- Anyone breaking the rules will be asked to leave on the spot.
2> at?the?place?of?the?action 在现场
-- Wherever she is needed, she is quickly on the spot.
Evidence n.证据（不可数名词）
Evident adj.明显的, 显然的 / evidently adv.明显地, 显然
Evidence = proof (n.证据)
-- When the police arrived, he had already destroyed the
evidence.
in?evidence 显而易见的
-- He was in evidence at the party.
Accumulate v.积累, 积聚（强调积累的过程）
-- As the evidence accumulates, experts from the zoo felt obliged
to investigate.
Gather vt.聚集, 把某人召集在某处
-- The teacher gathered his students in the class
Collect vt.搜集, 采集
-- Do you collect stamps? Yes, I collect stamps as my hobby.（n.业余爱好）
Assemble v.集合, 集会 / 装配
-- A large number of people assemble on the square.
Hoard vt.大量的储存 （-- hoard?up = store?up 储藏）
-- The squirrel hoards up nuts for the cold winter （squirrel n.松鼠） nut n.坚果）
amass vt.积聚（主要用于诗歌和文学作品）
-- The clouds amassed above the hills
Oblige v.使„感到必须
feel?obliged?to?do?sth 感觉有必要做某事
-- I feel obliged to say no to his demand（n.要求, 需要）
be?obliged?to?do?sth 被迫做某事
-- They were obliged to sell their car to pay their debts off.（debt
n.债务）
追猎, 寻找 （hunt for）
-- The experts from London zoo began to hunt (v.) for a puma.
-- The hunt (n.) for the puma proved the difficult. （prove vt.证明,
证实）
search 搜寻某处为了寻找到某人或某物
-- The police were searching the forest for the missing boy.
run?after 强调追赶, 追求
-- look, a dog is running after a cat
-- what are you run after in your life
seek = pursue? v.追寻(理想)
chase v.追赶 （-- They are chasing a thief / They are running
after a thief）
blackberry n.黑莓 / berry n.浆果
human?being 人类
corner v.使走投无路, 使陷入困境
作为动词, 经常使用被动语态
-- The thief was cornered at last
-- The problem cornered me.
corner n.角落
-- at the corner of the street
-- in the corner of the room
-- on the corner of the desk
Trail n.一串, 一系列
trail vt. 跟踪, 追踪（= follow）
-- The police trailed the criminal to the place where he was hiding
（criminal n.
罪犯）
Print n.印痕
Cling v.粘 （clung, clung, clinging）
-- She is always clinging to her mother.
-- He clung to the hope that he would succeed. 他怀有成功的希望
stick? v.粘住 （-- stick the envelop）n.信封
stick?to?坚持 （-- stick to the plan / stick to one’s promise）n.许诺
sticky? adj.粘的 （-- sticky fingers）
convince v.使„信服
1>convince sb of sth
-- I convince him of my honesty.（n.诚实, 正直） 我使他相信我的诚实。
2> be?convinced that…
-- I am convinced that she is honest girl.（adj.诚实的, 正直的）
somehow adv.不知怎么搞地, 不知什么原因
= by some means, in some way, for some reason unknown
-- I’ll get the book back somehow. 无论如何我要把这本书取回来。
-- I got lost somehow 不知怎么搞地, 我迷失了。
Somewhat adv.稍微, 有点, 有些 （= a little）
-- The price is somewhat higher than I expect.（high adj.高的）
disturb v.令人不安
disturbing adj.令人不安的 / disturbed adj.感到不安的
surprising adj.令人惊讶的 / surprised adj.感到惊讶的
exciting adj.令人激动的 / excited adj.感到激动的
wild adj.野性的, 野生的
investigate v.调查, 研究
de 脚本 ion n.描写, 描述
extraordinarily adv.特别地，非常地，格外
similar adj.相似的, 类似的
attack vt.攻击
difficult adj.困难的, 艰难的 difficulty n.困难, 难点
rabbit n.兔, 野兔
paw n.手掌, 手爪
fur n.毛皮, 毛, 软毛
bush n.矮树丛
fully adv.充分地, 完全地
collector n.收藏家, 征收者
Text 课文
at?large 逃遁的, 没有被控制的
-- The thief is still at large
at large 详细地（= in?detail）n.细节, 详情
-- I need talk to you at large
at large 总体来讲（= as?a?whole）
-- The students at large are hungry for English. （hungry adj.饥饿的, 渴望的）
Where must the puma have come from?
Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America.
在英文的表达方式中，首先呈现给读者的是结果（和中文不同）
英文擅长用长句，中文擅长用短句。
-- Pandas are large cat-like animals which are found in Asia.
（panda n.熊猫）
cat-like 猫一样的, 偷偷摸摸的 / dog-like 狗一样的 / life-like
栩栩如生的
When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been
spotted
forty-five miles
south of London, they were not taken seriously.
一般来讲定语从句和同位语从句紧随在被修饰名词的后面，但为了保持句子
平衡，也可以把谓语动词放到从句之前
1> 定语从句只是对于被修饰词的补充说明、修饰
-- 定语从句的引导词：
-- 指人：主语 who；宾语 who, whom；定语?whose
-- 指物：that（也可以指人）/ which
-- 时间状语：when / 地点状语：where / 原因状语：why
2> 同位语从句则是讲述被修饰名词的内容
-- 同位语从句的引导词：
-- 名词(做主语、宾语等)：关系词用 that 而不是 which
-- 时间：when；?地点：where
-- 定语从句中没有 what 这个关系词，但 what 可以引导同位语从句
-- An idea came to her that she might do the experiment in
another way.
-- I?have?no?idea?what?has?happened?to?him。
they were not taken seriously（they 指代 reports）
take sth seriously = deal with sth seriously 认真地对待某事
-- I always take your suggestions seriously.
take sth lightly 草率地对待某事 （lightly adv.轻率地）
-- Don’t take the hot potato lightly （hot potato n.棘手的问题）
-
However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the
Zoo felt obliged
to
investigate, for the descrptions given by people who claimed to
have seen the
puma were
extraordinarily similar.
However adv.然而(起转折作用)
As 连词：随着, 当...之时
过去分词做定语：
-- the descrptions given by people
-- the story told by the sailor (n.海员, 水手, 船员)
-- a book written by Luxun
claim?to?have?done?sth 声称曾经做过某事
-- He claimed to have been the manager of the large shop.
The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman
picking
blackberries saw
’a large cat‟ only five yards away from her.
Where a woman picking„ 定语从句
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-- I still remember the school where I studied English.
It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed
that a puma will
not attack
a human being unless it is cornered.
Confirm = be sure = be certain (confirm vt.确定)
Unless it is cornered = if it is not cornered (unless conj.如果不,
除非)
-- He will accept the job unless the salary is too low.
The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at
one place in the
morning
and at another place twenty miles away in the evening.
search = hunt
Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small
animals like
rabbits.
把某物留在后面：leave?behind
-- Wherever he went, the wound left behind him a trail of blood.（n.血）
Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was
found clinging to
bushes.
英文表达方式习惯用被动语态, 突出客观事实。而中文则善于运用动作的执
行者。
puma fur was found clinging to bushes. （被动）
à We found the puma fur clinging to bushes. （主动）
-- clinging to bushes 是现在分词短语做宾补
Several people complained of “cat-like noises‟ at night and a
businessman on
a fishing trip
saw the puma up a tree.
complain?of/about?sth 抱怨某事
on+名词：强调动作正在进行
-- on?the?rise 在上升 / on?the?increase 在增加
-- on?the?watch 在观看 / on?the?match 在比赛中
-- on?the?fishing?trip 在钓鱼的途中 / on?holiday 在度假
The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a
puma, but where
had it come
from?
Fully（adv.充分地, 完全地）= completely = entirely
As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the
country, this one
must have
been in the possession of a private collector and somehow
managed to escape.
sth be in?the?possession?of?sb = sth be in?sb’s?possession 某物归某人所有
(主语是物)
-- The beautiful car is in my possession.= The beautiful car is in
the possession
of me.
Sb be in?possession?of?sth 某人拥有某物(主语是人)
-- I am in possession of the beautiful car.（in possession of„ 做表语）
-- The person in possession of the big house is excited. （in
possession of„ 做
定语）
take?possession?of„ 拥有„
The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not
caught.
Went on = lasted （last vi.继续, 持续）
It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at
large in the quiet
countryside.
It is disturbing to 一想到„就心理不安
-- It is disturbing to think that I fail my examination
in the quiet countryside 在宁静的山村
Special difficulties 难点
Exercises A
1. at/for 2. to 3. to 4. in 5. on
Exercises B
1. He is the man we have heard about so much.
2. The shelf you put those books on has collapsed.（vi.倒塌, 崩溃, 瓦解）
did you receive a letter from?
特殊疑问句中 whom?不能省略（本句）。
定语从句中 Which 以及指代人的做宾语的 Whom, 在非正式用法当中可以省
略。
省略时，介词不能前置到关系代词 Whom, Which 前，只能用于非固定的动
词短语后面。
固定的动词短语
look?for：寻找（去掉 for 后 look 没有寻找的意思，所以介词 for 不能前置）
非固定的动词短语
look?at：注视
live?in：居住（去掉 in 后 live 仍有居住的意思，所以介词 in
可以前置）
This is the old house in which he lived. = This is the old house he
lived in.
is the road we came by?
is the pencil you were playing with?
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1„ 正确答案：D
in common adv.共有 （替换了 similar）
2„ 正确答案：B
A）只是一个具体的特定的事列，阅读理解题的时候要把握中心大意
B）?large?cat
persuade v.说服, 劝说
3„ 答案正确：C?
做理解题时要紧扣主题、紧扣中心大意
文章最后一句话总结了大意
句型结构题和词汇题是每课的关键
4„ 答案正确：C?
Make 的用法：
make?somebody?do（在主动语态中不定式的符号 to 应该省略）
be?made?to?do（被动语态中不定式的符号 to 必须补充完整）
-- They made her wait for hours. à She was made to wait for
hours.
5„ 答案正确： D?
A）把 say 改成 claim 就对了 （--
People?claimed?to?have?seen?the?puma.）
D）清楚的道明了动作发生的先后关系
6„ 正确答案：B
原句中的?when 引导的时间状语从句表示：－...就„（as?soon?as）
被动：On being observed, it immediately ran away.
主动：On?observing?her, it?immediately?ran?away.
On seeing me, he waved to me.
7„ 正确答案：D
except 可以和名词/名词性从句进行搭配（也可是 when/if 引导的从句形式）
unless = if...not = except on the condition that…
when = if
-- …except when they are cornered. = …except if they are
cornered.
-- Whenever you come, you are welcome. = If ever you come,
you are welcome.
8„ 正确答案：D
A）must?be 只是对客观现实的推测，时态不一致
-- 对于过去事实推测一定要用：情态动词+ have +过去分词
9„ 正确答案：C
on more than = nothing more than = only / within = not more
than
10„ 正确答案：B
in?a?corner 偷偷摸摸地, 暗中地, 秘密地
in?a?trap 落于陷阱中
at an angle 不正的, 倾斜的（angle n.角, 角度, 角落, 墙角, 棱角）
under cover 在遮蔽处, 秘密地, 暗中
11... 正确答案：B
fishes?for?pleasure 钓鱼消遣
travel for pleasure 外出游玩
read for pleasure 阅读消遣
12…
on one’s own adv.独自地, 独立地, 主动地 （= alone）
for one’s own benefit 为了某人自己的利益。
Lesson 02 Thirteen equals one 十三等于一
New words and expression 生词和短语
equal? v.等于
A 等于 B à A equals B
Equal vt.与...相匹敌
-- None?of?us?can?equal?her, either?in?beauty?or?as?a dancer.
be?equal?to +名词（equal adj.不相上下的）
-- Mary is quite equal to John in brains.（n.智力, 脑髓）
玛丽可以和约翰在脑力上相匹敌。
be?equal?to doing：有能力, 有力量来做某事??（to 是介词）
-- I am equal to running the company.
vicar n.牧师
raise v.募集，筹（款） -- raise money 募集资金
提高 -- raise the price 提高物价
饲养、供养 -- raise a horse 饲养一匹马
种植 -- raise wheat 种植小麦
召集、招募 -- raise an army 招募一支军队 （army n.陆军, 军队）
提出、发出 -- raise a cheer 发出欢呼声 （cheer n.愉快, 欢呼）
torchlight n.电筒光 torch n.手电筒
cause n.事情
church n.教堂
figure n.外形, 轮廓, 体形
grocer n.食品商人, 杂货商人
bell n.钟, 铃, 钟声, 钟形之物
tower n.塔, 城堡
Text 课文
Was the vicar pleased that the clock was striking? Why?
Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, but
he has never
managed to get
enough money to have the church clock repaired.
现在进行时和 always 等频度副词搭配时：表示说话人带有某种的情感色彩
Tom is always doing homework. 汤姆总是做家庭作业，怎么也做不完。
Tom always does his homework. 汤姆总是做家庭作业，不拖欠作业。
He is always making noises. 他总是吵吵闹闹，真烦人。
one?or?another：表示这样或那样
-- for one reason or another 处于这样或那样的原因
-- at one time or another 在这样或那样的时间
-- in one way or another 用这样或那样的方法
get enough money to do sth 募集足够的资金做某事
-- I have to get enough money to have my house repaired.
have something done
1>找某人来做某事
-- have the church clock repaired
-- have the plane repaired / -- have hair cut
2>某人所遭受到的意外某种情况（主语必须是发出动作的人）-- His wallet was stolen. à He had his wallet stolen.
The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was
damaged many
years ago
and has been silent ever since.
used?to：过去常常做，而现在不再发生的事情了。
-- He used to smoke every day.
One night, however, our vicar woke up with a start: the clock was
striking the
hours!
However -- 在口语中, 主要用于句首；在作文中, 最好用在句中、句尾。
要用逗号分隔开来
-- He said that it was so, he was mistaken, however.
He said that it was so, however, he was mistaken.
他说这件事就是如此，然而他弄错了。
-- I know his story, however, I wouldn„t like to tell you.
I know his story, I, however, wouldn„t like to tell you.
However = Nevertheless (adv. conj.) = Nonetheless (adv.)
Start .惊跳, 惊起
-- The noise made him started(v.).
-- What a start(n.) you give me. / -- he stood up with a start(n.).
Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one o„clock, but the bell
struck thirteen
times
before it stopped.
before：...才
-- Nearly a week passed before she could explain what had
happened to her.
Armed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower to see
what was going
on.
Armed with 过去分词
Looking at his watch„ 现在分词
分词做状语/定语的时候，一定要注意它和逻辑主语要呼应一致
In the torchlight, he caught sight of a figure whom he
immediately recognized as
Bill Wilkins
, our local grocer.
in the torchlight 在手电筒光下 / in the moonlight 在月光下
in the sunshine 在太阳光下 / in the candlelight 在烛光下
非正式用语中 whom 可以省略掉
recognized?somebody?as„ 认出某人是„
regard somebody as 认为某人是 / think of somebody as 认为某人是
treat somebody as 把某人对待为 / have on somebody as 把某人尊敬为
‘Whatever are you doing up here Bill?„ asked the vicar in
surprise.
Whatever 中的 ever 用来加强语气
‘‘m trying to repair the bell,„ answered Bill.„„ve been coming
up here night
after night for
weeks now. You see, I was hoping to give you a surprise.„
night?after?night 一夜连着一夜
day after day 一天又一天 / year after year 一年又一年
week after week 一周又一周 / bus after bus 一辆车接着一辆车
‘You certainly did give me a surprise!„ said the vicar.
肯定句中常用 do, did, does 加强语气和情感色彩（一定要位于动词原形之前）
-- You do like nice today. 你今天看上去确实很不错。
-- I do like you.
‘You„ve probably woken up everyone in the village as well.
as?well 用在句尾相当于 too, 主要用于肯定句中, 但比 too
所表达的语意更优
秀。
-- You looked nice yesterday and you look beautiful as well
today.
Still, I„m glad the bell is working again.„
still 用于句首, 用逗号分隔开来, 表达一个转折的关系：虽然如此, 但是
‘That„s the trouble, vicar,‟ answered Bill.
‘It„s working all right, but I„m afraid that at one o„clock it will
strike thirteen
times and
there„s nothing I can do about it."
There is nothing I can do about it = I am at a lose what to do（at a
loss adv.困惑）
‘We„ll get used to that, Bill,‟ said the vicar.
"Thirteen is not as good as one, but it„s better than nothing. Now
let„s go
downstairs and
have a cup of tea.„
get?used?to / be?used?to / be?accustomed?to /
get?accustomed?to?都表示习惯
于???
get 强调渐近的过程,??be 强调习惯了的状态
Special difficulties 难点
in?
1>与表达惊奇、恐惧、失望或生气等感情色彩的名词搭配连用, 在句中起状
语作用。
in surprise 惊奇地 / in astonishment 惊愕的
in alarm 恐吓的 / in embarrassment 窘迫的
in amazement 极为惊讶 / in despair 绝望的
in dismay 沮丧的 / in anger 恼火的 / in disappointment 失望的
2>表示以、用。用于语言, 书写材料, 色彩或声音等方面。
in English / in pencil / in ink / in oil 用颜料 / in red 用红色 /
in code 用代码
in such a high voice 用这么高的声音 / in a few words 用几句话
3>表示状态、情况或处境
in trouble / in difficulty 在困境中 / in bed 在床上 / in a hurry
匆忙的
in debt 负债 / in love with sb 爱上某人 / in tears 流着泪
in good order 有条不紊, 整齐, 情况正常 / in good repair 维修良好
in good health 身体好 / in poor health 身体坏
in the bad mood 情绪坏 / in the good mood 情绪好
in haste 匆忙的 / in a favor of excitement 欣喜若狂
in poverty 在贫穷中 / in luxury 奢侈的
Exercise：
very quickly = in a hurry
eventually = in the end （eventually adv.最后, 终于）
be seen = in sight
with a pen = in ink / with a pencil = in pencil
which they share = in common （share v.共享）
crying = in tears
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1... D
in order adv.整齐, 状况良好, 适宜
out of order adv.次序颠倒, 不整齐, 状态不好 （= was
damaged）
2... B
3... C
为„表示感谢：be?grateful?for„ / be?thankful?for„
不辞辛劳地做某事：take?the?trouble?to?do?sth.
4... B in?the?past?是过去时态的标志；always 用在实意动词之前
5... D stroke n.击, 敲, 报时的钟声
强调句式结构：It?was? —?直到„才„
-- It was not until midnight that snow stopped. —?直到半夜, 雪才停了。
6... B 宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序
7... C Mend vt.修理, 修补
突出结果或者对现在的影响, 用现在完成时。
8... A get used to doing 表示习惯于 （to 是介词）
9... B
fund?基金； cash?现金； scholarship?奖学金； investment?投资
10... A run?a?shop 经营商店
11... A night after night = every night
12... C
still 1>adv.仍, 仍然, 还
-- He came yesterday and he is still here. 他昨天来的，现仍在此。
still 2>adv.(连接副词) 尽管如此, 依旧, 仍然（表达一种坚持的态度）
相当于 in?spite?of?that, even?though, just?the?same）
-- It‘s raining；Still, I must go out.
-- This picture is not too valuable；Still, I like it.
Yet conj.但是, 然而（表示一种转折的关系）
-- I have failed, yet I shall try again.
Lesson 03 An unknown goddess 无名女神
New words and expression 生词和短语
goddess(tile) n.女神
archaeologist n.考古学家
Aegean adj.爱琴海的
Explore v.考察，勘探
-- The archaeologists are exploring the cave.
exploration n.探险 / explorer? n.探险家
promontory n.海角
prosperous adj.?（经济上）繁荣的，昌盛的
-- our finance is prosperous 我们的经济非常的繁荣。（Finance
n.财政, 金融）
thriving adj.昌盛的，兴旺的 -- thriving business
booming adj.蓬勃的，景气的 -- a booming market 繁荣的市场flourishing adj.繁茂的，健康的
-- Those plants are flourishing. 那些植物长得茂盛。
civilization n.???文明 / civilize vt.使开化, 使文明
-- high level of civilization 高度文明
storey n.楼层 （story 的变体）
drainage n.排水
worship n.v.祟拜 / respect vt.尊敬, 尊重 / admire v.赞美, 钦佩,
羡慕
-- Who do you worship in the world?
Warship ?n.军舰, 战船
Sacred adj.宗教的, 神圣的
-- sacred?music?圣乐 / sacred?promise?神圣的诺言
Holy adj.?神圣的, 圣洁的
-- a holy person. 圣洁的人 / a holy place. 神圣的地方
Solemn adj.?庄严的, 庄重的
-- a solemn face 严肃的面孔 / a solemn ceremony 隆重的仪式
Fragment n.碎片
Remains n.遗物，遗迹，废墟
Classical adj.（希腊和罗马）古文化的（即传统的）；文科的, 人文科学的
-- classical?music 古典音乐 / classical?education 人文科学教育
Classic adj.?第一流的, 标准的, 著名的, 典型的
-- This is the classic example of love at the first sight.
Classic n.杰作, 经典之作
-- That joke‘s a classic; it really is funny. "这个笑话确属一流,真是妙趣横生。
"
Reconstruct v.修复 （Re --重新, 再次）
Construct vt.构造, 建造, 组织（通过装配或组合部件而构成）
-- construct a sentence / construct a broken statuary（n.雕象）
-- build a?house 造建筑物 / put up a tent
construction n.建设, 建造
constructive? adj.有教育意义的
constructor n.建造者, 建设者
erect vt.盖, 使竖立, 使直立（build high buildings）
-- erect?a monument 建造纪念碑 / erect?a clock?tower 建造钟楼
setup /?establish /?found 建立
-- setup students‘ union 学生会 （union n.联盟, 协会）
-- establish a school / establish a rule 设立一条规则
-- found a country 建立一个国家
Rest v.倚放, 放置
Hip n.屁股, 臀部
Hip n.?[口]在服用兴奋剂、宗教信仰方面赶时髦的人；消息灵通人士；
adj.通晓的，见闻广的
-- Mary is a real hip. 玛丽是个爱赶时髦的人。
-- The guy isn‘t a hip. 这家伙什么都不懂。
Joined?at?the?hip??表示交情极厚的
-- These two are joined at the hip.
shoot?from?the?hip 信口开河
-- Sorry, I said that I shouldn„t have shot from the hip.
full-length adj.（裙衣）拖地长的, 全长的, 全身的
-- a?full-length?dress 拽地长裙
full-grown adj.生长完全的, 发育完全的
full time n.专职, 全部时间
graceful adj.优雅的
-- a graceful lady
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elegant adj.优雅的（举止）-- an elegant gentleman. 举止文雅的绅士
identity n.???身份
ancient adj.远古的, 旧的
decorate vt.装饰；点缀
clay n.粘土, 泥土
Roman adj.罗马的, 罗马人的 n.罗马人
Rome n.罗马(意大利首都)
Indeed adv.真正地, (加强语气)确实
Text 课文
How did the archaeologists know that the statue was a goddess?
Some time ago, an interesting discovery was made by
archaeologists on the
Aegean island
of Kea.
some time 1>经过若干时间 2>在未来的某时
sometime adv.在某一时候, 曾经, 有一天
sometimes adv.不时, 有时
中文习惯用主动语态。
英文习惯用被动语态。以事件、结果、影响、效果为主语，强调对客观事实
的陈述。
An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient
city on the
promontory of
Ayia Irini.
which 引导定语从句，修饰限定 temple。（which = that）
stand(不及物) = lie(不及物) 位于
= situate(及物) 使位于, 使处于
= locate(及物) 使...坐落于, 位于
which = which lies in… = which is located in… =
which is situated
in...
Stand 1 >身高 2>表示高高坐落于, 矗立于
-- She stands 1.75m. 她身高 1.75 米
-- A great tree stands on the mount. 一棵大树竖立在山上。
The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a
high level of
civilization.
for?引导原因状语从句：对主句的附加说明和解释，提供更多的信息。
because?引导原因状语从句：强调原因。
-- The day broke for the birds were singing.
at?one?time 表达曾经, 一度（过去时态的标志, = once）
must?have?been?对过去事实肯定的推测
enjoyed?a?high?level?of?civilization 享有高度文明
Houses -- often three storeys high -- were built of stone. They
had large rooms
with
beautifully decorated walls.
With„ 具有„
-- a young man with broad shoulders / an old lady with black hair
beautifully?decorated 过去分词做定语
-- a?beautifully?dressed?lady?衣着漂亮的女士
-- a?deserted?car park 废弃的停车场
-- a?white?painted?door 被刷成白色的门
现在分词做定语, 被修饰词与修饰词之间为逻辑主动关系
-- a boy climbing the tree 正在爬树的男孩
-- the students reading in the room 正在房间里读书的学生
The city was equipped with a drainage system, for a great many
clay pipes were
found
beneath the narrow streets.
be?equipped?with 配备, 装备 （equip vt.装备, 配备）
air conditioning 空气调节装置 / air conditioner 空气调节机,
空调设备
-- The car was equipped with air conditioning.
for?引导原因状语从句
在正下方：Beneath = under?
-- beneath the narrow streets = under the narrow streets
-- He is standing under/beneath the umbrella.
在进行中：只能用 under
-- under?control? 控制之中 / under?discussion 讨论之中 /
under?repairs 修理
之中
below?在下方（强调在斜下方）
-- She is sitting below the window
The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a
place of worship
from the
fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times.
be?used?as / be?used?to?be 把„用作为
-- The box was used as a desk in the small village school.
-- The wooden box was used as a bookcase.
be?used?to do 被用来做„
-- The wooden box is used to contain books
In the most sacred room of temple, clay fragments of fifteen
statues were found.
Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been
painted.
represent? vt.代表
-- I represent all the classmates.
The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the
fifteenth
century B.C.
dating?现在分词, 修饰 remains
date from = date back to （开始于„, 起始于„）
-- The custom dating from 1990. （custom n.习惯, 风俗）
-- The tradition dates from the time when his grandfather was
young.
-- The castle dates from the 14th century. = The castle dates back
to the 14th
century.
城堡建造于 14 世纪
Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth
century B.C.
happen?to 偶然, 碰巧（强调事情的偶然发生）
-- I happen to have driven that kind of car. 我恰巧开过那种车。
-- He happened to find the ticket in his pocket.
It?happens?that +从句
-- It happened that I met her on my way to work.
= I happened to meet her on my way work.
happen?on 碰巧碰上
-- I happened on this old picture in the back of the drawer.
我偶然的在抽屉的背面发现了这张旧照片。
-- Guess, who did I happen on while I was in London last month?
This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully
preserved.
It was very old and precious even then.
When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were
amazed to find
that the
goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman.
Reconstruct = put together, piece together, restore（vt.恢复, 使回复）
Amazed = very much surprised
surprised > astonished > amazed > astounded 感到惊讶（语气递增）
/ / / to see…
-- I„m not surprised to see you here
1> turn?out„（表示结果）结果是, 原来是 （= prove, 都表示系动词）
turn out (to be)+ n./adj.
-- The concert turned out to be a failure.
-- Our party turned out (to be) a success. 我们的聚会非常的成功。
2> It turned out + that 从句 （it 作形式主语）
It turned out +其它名词从句
-- It turned out that the diamonds had been in the bank all the
time.
原来钻石一直都在银行里保存着。
-- It turned out that his statement was false. 原来他的话是假的。
3> as it turns out„ 后来人们发现„
-- As it turned out, there was no need to worry. 后来人们发现,
没有必要担心。
-- As it turned out, the report was mistaken. 后来人们发现, 报告被弄错了
She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hips.
rest on v.被搁在, 停留在, 信赖
= depend on（依靠, 依赖）/ lean on（靠着）
-- His hand rested lightly on my shoulder
She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground.
which?swept?the?ground 近一步说明拖地的，拽地的
Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but, so far,
the
archaeologists have been
unable to discover her identity.
But, so far, the archaeologists have been unable to discover her
identity.
= It is still a problem for the archaeologists up to now.
Despite = in?spite?of?（两者都是介词），后面+?名词/动名词
so?far, up?to?now 完成时的标志
discover her identity = find out her identity
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1... D
‘Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth
century B.C.„
2... D be?employed?in 被应用在...方面
this?is?confirmed?by?the?fact?that?引导同位语从句，补充说明fact 的内容????
3... A in?doing?sth 在...方面
4... D prosperity n.繁荣（不可数）
know 1>知道, 认识
2>（文学用语）经历过, 曾经有过（= experience, 比 experience
更加正式）
-- He knew poverty in his early days. 他早年有过痛苦的经历
5... B since：自从 （主干的时态为现在完成时）
6... C
to?one‘s?surprise 使某人感到惊讶的是
在句中可做独立的状语, 句子的主语不必是某个人
-- To my great disappointment the train had already left
with?surprise 惊讶地 （With satisfaction/delight/dismay）
必须与行为动词连用, 句子的主语必须是某个人
-- He smoked his last cigarette with satisfaction.
-- He went home with dismay.
-- To our dismay the party proved to be a failure.
7... B despite?=?in?spite?of?(可以和名词、代词、动名词搭配)
8„ B so?far：现在完成时的标志
如果用 possible/impossible, 就要采用形势主语 it
-- So far, it has been impossible for the archaeologists to discover
her identity.
9... A Holy adj.?神圣的, 圣洁的
religious 宗教的 / frightening 令人害怕的 / colourful 丰富多彩的
10... D in good condition 情况良好 = in good state
well?done 侧重强调做得好
conserve vt.保存, 保藏 （= keep from being wasted, damaged,
lost, destroyed）
????????? “不用尽或耗尽某物，保留”
-- Conserve your energy you needed. （energy n.精力, 精神）
你该养精蓄锐，你回用得上的。
-- We must conserve our forest.
maintain vt.维持, 维修 -- 通过修缮保养, 不使...破损（强调动作的过程）
11... B turn out = prove, 都表示系动词
resolve vt,vi 决定 vt.(使)分解, 溶解
-- He resolved on going out. 他决定出去。
12... B
so far = until now, up till now
beforehand (adv.预先) = in?advance (adv.预先)
at?this?distance?of/in?time 时隔已久
-- I can hardly remember him at this distance of time. 时隔这么久, 我几乎想不
起来他了。
Lesson 04 The double life of Alfred Bloggs
阿尔弗雷德.布洛格斯的双重生活
New words and expression 生词和短语
Double adj.两倍的, 双重的
manual adj.体力的 （= physical adj.身体的, 物质的）
manual?work 体力工作
mental?work 脑力工作
collar n.衣领
white-collar adj.白领阶层的, 脑力劳动者（those who
do?mental?work）
blue-collar adj 蓝领阶级的, 工人阶级的（those who
do?manual?work）
get hot?under the?collar 怒气冲天
-- He got hot under the collar when he knew that they laughed at
him.
sacrifice vt.牺牲，献出 （to give up for good purpose）
-- sacrifice one„s life for the country
-- sacrifice time
sacrifice n.牺牲 （-- make many sacrifices）
privilege n.好处 （= advantage n.优势, 有利条件, 利益）
-- sacrifice one‘s advantage/privilege 牺牲掉某人的好处
privilege n.特权, 特别待遇（= special?right）
-- give sb the privilege of doing sth 特许某人做某事
privileged a.荣幸的
-- We are privileged tonight to have our headmaster as our
speaker.
dustman n.清洁工
corporation n.公司
overalls n.工作服
shower n.淋浴
secret n.秘密 adj.秘密的, 隐秘的
Confidential adj.机密的
keep?secret 保密
-- It‘s between you and me. 此事只介于你我之间。
-- I‘ll keep it to myself. 我会保守秘密的。
in?secret 私下里（= secretly, in?private, privately）
-- I was told about it in secret.
in?the?secret 知道内情
-- He was in the secret from the beginning
status n.地位（= social?position）
statue n.雕像, 塑像
rise n.发生, 出现
loss n.损失
fellow n.伙伴, 朋友, 同事 adj.同伴的, 同事的, 同道的
Text 课文
Why did Alf want a white-collar job?
These days, people who do manual work often receive far more
money than
people who
work in offices.
people who do manual work = blue-collar workers
people who do mental work = white-collar workers = people who
work in offices
for more money（far 副词用来加强语气= much）
People who work in offices are frequently referred to as
"white-collar workers
‘ for the
simple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to
work.
as?=?as 把...看作为
-- I?always?refer?to?him?as?bookworm（n.书呆子）
for the simple reason = for? 引导的原因状语从句
for?the?reason?that 多用于正式文体，because 多用于口语中。
-- He is refer to as a book worm for the simple reason that he
spare no efforts
reading.
-- He was send to prison for he could not pay his debts.
Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing
to sacrifice
higher pay for
the privilege of becoming white-collar workers.
human?nature 人性
（that 引导同位语从句, 进一步补充说明 such
的基本内涵）
-- His kindness was such that we will never forget him.
= Such?was?his?kindness that„ （such 在句首要倒装）
= He was so kind that we will never forget him.
-- Such is human nature that we want to get a lot of things free.
介词 for 表示一种目的
be?willing?to?do?sth = be?ready?to?do?sth 心甘情愿做
This can give rise to curious situations, as it did in the case of
Alfred Bloggs who
worked as
a dustman for the Ellesmere Corporation.
give?rise?to =（lead to v.导致, 通向） cause vt.引起, 惹起）
result?in v.导致）
-- Such conduct might give rise to misunderstandings. 这种行为会引起误解。
-- The bad conditions have given rise to a lot of crimes. 不良的环境引起了犯
罪。
in?the?case?of 就...来说, 关于, 就...而言 （= concerning prep.关于, 涉及,
就...说）
-- Stealing is no shame in the case of him. 偷窃对他来说不是一件可耻的事。
in?case?of（副词）万一, 以防 à （in case conj.万一）
-- You should ensure your house in case of fire. （ensure vt.保证;
担保, 保险）
-- Take umbrella in case of rain 带上雨伞以防下雨。
who 引导定语从句
When he got married, Alf was too embarrassed to say anything to
his wife about
his job.
too?embarrassed?to?say 太尴尬而没有说明
be ashamed of 感到羞愧, 惭愧
-- Alf was ashamed of his job as a dustman.
marry 强调动作 （-- He?married?the?girl. 他娶了这个女孩。）
get married 强调过程（-- Last year they got married.）
be?married?to?sb 强调状态（-- The old man has been married to
his wife for 50
years.）
He simply told her that he worked for the Corporation.
Simply 副词--用来修饰限定动词 told
Every morning, he left home dressed in a smart black suit.
dressed?in?a?smart?black?suit --形容词短语表示一种状态 打方框代表有问
题
-- He go to work dressed in a beautiful coat.
-- He left home wearing a smart black suit.
He then changed into overalls and spent the next eight hours as a
dustman.
changed?into 换上 / change back into 换回
Before returning home at night. He took a shower and changed
back into his suit.
Before returning home = Before he returned home
Before 和动名词搭配, 相当于 Before 引导的时间状语从句。
如果运用动名词形式，动名词的逻辑主语必须是主句的主语
-- After getting home, he had a good rest.
-- Before having dinner, he finished all his homework.
Alf did this for over two years and his fellow dustmen kept his
secret.
Alf„s wife has never discovered that she married a dustman and
she never will,
for Alf
has just found another job. He will soon be working in an office.
she never will = she will never discover the secret
在省略句式中, never 要放在助动词之前
-- “will you go to see her?”
-- “I will never to to see her" = "No, I never will."
He will be earning only half as much as he used to, but he feels
that his rise in
status is well
worth the loss of money.
half as much as
half / a?quarter / twice / three?times + as...as... 表示倍数
-- I won„t marry a man who is twice as old as me.
-- We got three times as many people as we expected.
-- This room is about three times as large as that one.
是...的几倍：...as +形容词或副词原形+ as...
比...多几倍：...times +形容词或副词比较级+ than„
-- This road is four times longer than that one.
=
This?road?is?five?times?as?long?as?that?one.
What he obtained is well worth the loss of time. 他的所得是值得花时间的。
well?副词用来加强语气, 修饰形容词 worth
From now on, he will wear a suit all day and others will call him
„Mr. Bloggs
‘, not „Alf„.
Special difficulties 难点
impossibility n.不可能之事, 不可能
grant vt.同意, 准予
A. 两类词汇：
1>tell, give 等动词可以和双宾语搭配（指物的直接宾语，指人的间接宾语）
-- He?told?a?story?to?me. = He?told?me?a?story?.
2>explain, say 等动词只能代一个(直接)宾语, 在间接宾语前要用介词 to
-- He explain the difficult to me. / He said nothing to me.
-- She speaks English to her husband and Swedish to her
children.
-- He admitted his guilt to the police.（guilt n.罪行, 内疚）
-- Did you suggest this idea to him?
当直接宾语比较长或者是个从句时, 通常放在间接宾语之后（但 say 除外）
-- I explained to him the impossibility of granting his request.
= I explained the impossibility of granting his request to him.
-- He confessed to me that he had fallen asleep during the
meeting.
= He confessed that he had fallen asleep during the meeting to
me.
confide vt., vi.
1> 倾诉（与 in 连用）
-- Jone felt she could only confide in her mother. 琼觉得她只有向她妈妈倾吐
心中的秘密。
2> 吐露 (心事、秘密等), 与 to 连用
-- One evening he came and confided to me that he had spent five
years in
prison.
有一天晚上他到我家来向我吐露他曾坐过五年牢。
B.“Worth"后面只能跟名词或动名词
-- His suggestion is worth considering.
-- His rise in status is worth the loss of money.
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1... A illustrate vt.阐明, 阐述
“...a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay
for the privilege
of becoming
white-collar worker"
2... C double life
3... D "...he feels that his rise in status is well worth the loss of
money"
previous adj.在前的, 早先的
respect n.某方面 vt.尊敬, 尊重
4... B to?go?可以省略
They usually go to work wearing a collar and tie.
5... D
"Alfred was too embarrassed to say anything to his wife about his
job."
„（不定式 to 表示否定）
so...that„（在 that 引导的结果状语从句中, 如果采用否定式，可以和 ?
互换）
-- The water is too hot for us to drink. =
The?water?is?so?hot?that?we?can
‘t?drink.
6... C "He simply told her that he worker of the Corporation"
simply 副词（仅仅是, 再没有别的了= only, just）
无论是 simply, only 还是 just，往往用在所修饰的主体词之前。
-- I did it simply/only for the money
-- I don„t like driving. I do it simply/only because I have to go to
work each day.
and?no?more（放句尾）
in?a?simple?way 简单地, 简朴地
-- She?was?always?dressed?in?a?simple?way.
7... B
Before 是介词和动名词形式搭配。 -- Before
Before 是连接词，引导时间状语从句。 --
Before?he?
before?引导的从句, 常用一般现在时或一般过去时, 不用进行时。
8... C "half as much as it used to be"
the?amount?要用定语从句进行限定
当主句的谓语动词是行为动词时，used?to 之后的动词必须省略掉
当主句的谓语动词是系动词时，used?to 之后必须带有系动词
be.
-- I feel the summers are hotter than they used to be.
-- I feel you are much fatter than you used to be.
9... D
gain：获利, 赢得（表示通过努力）
-- gain time, gain reputation, gain speed, gain height
fee：（为专业服务支付的）费用
-- doctor‘s?fees 医疗费 / the?lawyer‘s?fees 律师费
-- pay for my university fees 支付我的大学学费
payment：（商业、信贷）支付的款项（非常正式）
wages：（体力劳动者的）工资
salary：（白领的）薪水
10... B companion n.同伴, 共事者 comrade n.朋友, 同志, 伙伴
11... C "well worth the loss of money"
pay?back 偿还, 报复
reward 酬劳
value 价值
compensate v.偿还, 补偿
compensate?for 赔偿 = make?up?for 弥补
-- His intelligence more than compensate?for his lack of
experience.
12... A call = addressed as 被称为
name 命名 / cry?out 喊叫 / shout v.呼喊, 呼叫
Lesson 05 The facts 确切数字
New words and expression 生词和短语
Editor n.编辑
Edit vt.编辑
-- edit magazine, edit newspaper
Edition n.编辑
Editorial adj.编辑的, 主编的 n.社论, 评论
extreme n.极端
go?to?extreme(s)?to?do„ 做某事走极端
-- He went to extreme to say that the play was the best one.
-- He went to extremes to say that his girlfriend was the most
beautiful in the
world.
go from one extreme to the other 从一个极端走向另一个极端
statistics n.统计数字
journalist n.新闻记者
reporter n.(电视台)记者
correspondent n.(电台)记者, 通讯员
president n.总统
palace n.王宫；宏伟的住宅
publish v.出版 = print(vt.), go to press(vi.)
-- The book has already been published. = The book has already
been printed.
-- The book has gone to press.
-- They have already published the magazine.
Fax n.传真 （-- send a fax）
impatient adj.不耐烦的
patience（n.耐性） patient（adj.有耐心的） patiently（adv.有
耐心地）
impatience（n.不耐烦） impatient（adj.不耐烦的） impatiently（adv.不耐烦
地）
fire v.解雇（口语）
-- He was fired from his job
dismiss vt.解雇（正式）
-- The manage dismissed him from his company.
Sack vt.解雇, 辞退（俚语, 口语）
-- If you do it wrong again you will be sacked.
Originally adv.起初，原先，从前 / original adj.最初的, 原始的
Text 课文
What was the consequence of the editor„s insistence on facts and
statistics?
Consequence n.结果
Insistence n.坚持, 坚决主张
Editors of newspapers and magazines often go to extremes to
provide their
reader with
unimportant facts and statistics.
go?to?extremes 走极端
provide = supply 给...提供（通常与介词搭配连用）
provide sb with sth / provide sth for sb
-- He provided them with a bed for the night.
= He provided a bed for them for the night
Last year a journalist had been 包含 ucted by a well-known
magazine to write
an article on
the president„s palace in a new African republic.
本句= A well-known magazine 包含 ucted a journalist to write
an article on the
president„s palace
in a new African republic.
African n.非洲人 adj.非洲的
Republic n.共和国, 共和政体
Instruct vt.教, 教导, 命令, 指示, 通知
包含 uct?sb to?do?sth.= tell?sb?formally?to?do?sth 正式告诉某人做某事
-- The teacher 包含 ucted him to take the examination.
On = about 侧重强调课题专一
-- a book on radio
When the article arrived, the editor read the first sentence and
then refuse to
publish it.
When the article arrived = When the editor received the article
refuse vt.拒绝（态度严厉）
-- I invited him to dinner, but he refused me.
decline vt.婉言谢绝
repudiate vt.断然拒绝
The article began: „Hundreds of steps lead to the high wall which
surrounds the
president„s
palace„.
which?指代 the?high?wall
The editor at once sent the journalist a fax 包含 ucting him find
out the exact
number of
steps and the height of the wall.
Instructing(现在分词)进一步补充说明 fax 的情况
-- he send me a letter 包含 ucting me to come back immediately
The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts,
but he took a
long time
to send them.
set?out?to?do?=?decide?and?try?to?do 决定, 打算, 着手做...
= set about doing 决定, 打算, 着手做...
-- He set out to make his first 1,000,000 in 5 years.
take?sb a?long?time?to?do?sth 某事花了某人很久的时间
-- It took me five days to write the article.
Meanwhile, the editor was getting impatient, for the magazine
would soon go to
press.
He sent the journalist two more faxes, but received no reply.
two more faxes = another two faxes
He sent yet another fax informing the journalist that if he did not
reply soon he
would be
fired.
When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor reluctantly
published the
article as it
had originally been written.
reluctantly = unwilling 勉勉强强地, 不情愿地
as it bad originally been written = in its original way
A week later, the editor at last received a fax from the journalist.
Not only had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to
prison as well.
Not?only 位于句首, 必须采用倒装形式。
本句 = The poor man had not only been arrested, but had been
sent to prison as
well.
倒装：（部分倒装）
1>否定副词位于句首, 要倒装。
never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, nowhere, no?sooner
scarcely adv.几乎不, 简直没有
nowhere adv.无处, 到处都无
-- Never have I read such stories. 我从来也没读过这样的小说。
-- Nowhere can he find the book he wants. 无论在哪他也找不到他要的书。
-- Hardly did I think it possible. 我并不认为这是可能的。
2>含有 only 的状语位于句首, 句子要倒装。
-- Only then did he realize that he had made a mistake.
-- Only when a great deal more information has been obtained
will it be possible
to plan a trip.
3>含有 not 的副词短语位于句首, 句子要倒装。
not for a second 决不, 毫不 / not in the least 绝不, 一点也不
not for an instant, not until
-- Not in the least is he interested in English literature. 他对英国文学一点都不
感兴趣。
-- Not for an instant did I believe he had lied. 我根本不认为他说了慌。
4>含有 no 的短语位于句首, 句子要倒装。
at?on?time, in?no?way?, in?no?sense, by?no?means, in?no?case,
on?no?account,
on?no?condition,
under?no?circumstances （都表示‘绝不’）
circumstance n.环境, 详情, 境况
-- Under no circumstances can we accept the check. 我们无论如何也不能接受
这笔钱。
-- On no account must you leave the baby in the house. 你无论如何也不能把留
在房间里。
5> so?such?位于句首, 句子要倒装。
However, he had at last been allowed to send a fax in which he
informed the
editor that the
he had been arrested while counting the 1,084 steps leading to the
fifteen-foot
wall which
surrounded the president„s palace.
he had at last been allowed = he had at last been permitted = he
had asked for
permission
请 求 被 允 许 做 某 事 ： be?allowed?to?do,
be?permitted?to?do,
asked?for?permission?to?do?sth
permit v.许可,允许,准许 permission n.许可, 允许
in?which?-- which 指代 fax
while 和现在分词搭配, 做时间状语, 表示“正在做某事的过程中”。
-- 可以用 while 引导的时间状语从句去替换。
-- While counting… = while he was counting…
现在分词做定语：
-- the steps leading to the president‘s palace 通向王宫的台阶。
-- the road leading to the forest 通向森林的路。
fifteen-foot 做前置定语, 这里的名词必须上单数形式。
which 引导的定语从句修饰 wall, which 指代 wall。
-- wall which surrounded„ （= wall surrounding„）
-- 为 了 避 免 和 前 面 的 现 在 分 词 句 式 结 构
(leading) 相 同 所 以 没 有 用
surrounding.
Special difficulties 难点 here
倒装的用法
only has he made this mistake before but he will make it
again.
then did I realize what was happening
will I trust him again.
do you find traffic wardens who are kind and helpful.
traffic warden n. 交通管理员 （warden n.监护人；看守人）
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1… C
excuse n.理由, 借口
beyond prep.除„以外
satisfy vt.满足, 使满意
dissatisfy vt.使感觉不满, 不满足
factual adj.事实的, 实际的
content n.内容
2… B
3... A activity n.行动, 行为 / suspicious adj.可疑的, 怀疑的
4„ B 课文中的 and then 强调动作的先后。
-- Having seen the movie, they went for a walk.
6... D a reply 表示“任意”的一个答复
7... B? unless = if?not 一般过去时
8… C inform sb of/about sth
9„ C public n.公众, (特定的)人群
audience n.听众, 观众
lecture n.演讲
10… B print = publish
press n.压, 按 go to press 交付印刷
pressing adj.紧迫的；迫切的
impress vt.盖印, 留下印象
11... D
innocent adj.清白的, 无罪的, 天真的, 无知的
unfortunate adj.不幸的
12...?D?
请求允许做某事：ask?for?permission?to?do?sth
允许某人做某事：be?given?permission?to?do?sth
admit + 名词/动名词/that 从句
Lesson 06 Smash-and-grab 砸橱窗抢劫
New words and expression 生词和短语
smash-and-grab n.砸橱窗抢劫
smash vt.打碎, 粉碎（= break sth into pieces violently）violently
adv.猛烈地
-- Smash the car.
Smash vi.打碎, 粉碎（-- The dishes smashed on the floor.）
smash?into 撞击到某处 （-- The bus smashed into a tree.）
grab v.抢夺, 掠夺, 夺取（= seize suddenly）
-- He grabbed me by the arm.
-- He grabbed the coin and ran off. 他抓起硬币就跑了。
snatch vt.抢, 夺取（= catch sth/sb suddenly and violently）
-- The big bird snatches the hen from the ground.
Seize v.抓住, 逮住, 夺取（强调抓住、抓到的结果）
-- Fear?seized?her. 她突然感觉很恐惧。
catch vt.捕获, 赶上(车船等) （= get hold of sth/sb moving）
-- catch mouse / catch bus / catch a thief
Grasp 强调“掌握”
-- We have already grasped six thousand words.
Hold 强调抓牢、抓紧（catch hold of 抓住）
-- He is holding an umbrella.
arcade n.有拱廊的街道（两旁常设商店）
Piccadilly n.皮卡迪利大街
Jewellery n.珠宝（总称）
Necklace n.项链
Ring n.戒指
Background n.背景 （on the background of sth.）
-- background information 背景资料
-- a man of excellent background 有很好的背景的人
velvet n.天鹅绒，丝绒
headlight n.（汽车等）前灯
blare v.发嘟嗜声，吼叫
staff n.全体工作人员
raid n.偷袭 / raid vt., vi.袭击, 突击
scramble v.爬行（= creep quickly）
-- The two thieves scrambled into their car.
Climb vt.爬上（-- climb up the tree）
Mount vt.登上（-- mount the hill）
Fantastic adj.?非常大的
1> = very great / very large 非常大的
-- a fantastic sum of money = a very large sum of money
2> = strange adj.奇怪的, 奇异的
-- a strange dream = a fantastic dream
3> = wonderful adj.极好的, 美好的, 极妙的
-- a fantastic play.
ashtray n.烟灰缸
owner n.所有者, 业主
admire vt. 以赞赏的眼光看着
busily adv.忙碌地
arrange v.安排, 排列, 协商
horn n.(牛、羊等的)角, 喇叭
roar vi.吼叫, 怒号
jeweler n.珠宝商, 宝石匠,钟表匠
wheel n.（汽车的）方向盘
iron n.铁 adj.铁的
furniture n.家具
diamond n.钻石, 菱形
Text 课文
How did Mr. Taylor try to stop the thieves?
The expensive shops in a famous arcade near Piccadilly were just
"opening.
介词短语修饰 shops
-- The shoe shop in my neighborhood was just opening.
在我家附近的鞋店刚刚开门营业
At this time of the morning, the arcade was almost empty.
Mr. Taylor, the owner of a jewellery shop was admiring a new
window display.
BeiJing, our capital, is developing enormously.
-- enormously adv.非常地, 巨大地（= at fantastic speed）
Two of his assistants had been working busily since eight o„clock
and had only
just finished.
Diamond necklaces and rings had been beautifully arranged on a
background of
black
velvet.
After gazing at the display for several minutes, Mr. Taylor went
back into his
shop.
After gazing at… = After he gazed at…
After having gazed at… = After he had gazed at…
The silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its
headlights on and its
horn
blaring, roared down the arcade.
with 的符合结构：（独立主格结构）
1>如果宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上有主谓关系，应该采用现在分词形式作宾
补。
-- She sat staring into the distance with tears streaming down her
cheeks.
她坐着凝视着远方泪流满面。 （Cheek n.脸颊, 面颊）
-- She stood there with her hands resting on her hips
2>如果宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上是动宾关系，应该采用过去分词形式作宾
补。
-- He ran into the room with his face covered with tears.
-- With his homework finished, he felt happy.
3>如果表达某事将要发生，要用动词不定式 to；
-- With a lot of work to do, he can„t go to the cinema.
4>如果是说明当时的情况，常用形容词、副词、介词短语表明宾语的状态；
-- He used to sleep with all the windows open.（open adj.开着的）
-- He went out with his hat on.（on 是副词）
-- With the meeting over, we went home.（over adv.结束）
-- He came in with a knife in his hand.（in his hand --介词短语）
-- Tow others with black stockings over their faces jumped out.（over their faces
--介词短语）
另外两个脸上蒙着黑色袜子的人跳了出来。
5>总结：
with 用于句首或句尾，常表示状语、行为方式、原因、伴随状况等。
with 如果跟在名词之后，是用来修饰限定该名词。
-- a thief with stocking over his face.
-- a teacher with a book under his arm.
-- a room with the windows open.
It came to a stop outside the jeweller„s.
come?to 后面常接名词, 表示达到
-- come to a stop 停下来 / come to an end 结束 / come to a
decision 做出决定
-- come to an agreement 达成协议 / come to an understanding
互相理解
-- come to success 获得成功, come to fame 成名
停车?stop = draw?up = pull?up
at the barber‘s 在理发店 / at the butcher‘s 在肉店 / at the
baker‘s 在面包店
at the greengrocer‘s 在蔬菜水果店 / at the grocer‘s 在杂货店 / at the stationer
‘s 在文具店
at the tobacconist‘s 在烟草店 / at the chemist‘s 在药店
barber n.理发员, 理发师
butcher n.屠夫, 肉商
baker n.面包师, 面包工人 n.<美>(便携式)烘炉
greengrocer n.蔬菜水果商人 n.蔬菜水果商店
grocer n.食品商人 n.杂货店
stationer n.文具商人 n.文具店
tobacconist n.烟草商人 n.烟店
chemist n.化学家, 药剂师
One man stayed at the wheel while two others with black
stocking over their
faces jumped
out and smashed the window of the shop with iron bars.
While this was going on, Mr. Taylor was upstairs.
He and his staff began throwing furniture out of the window.
Chairs and tables went flying into the arcade.
One of the thieves was struck by a heavy statue, but he was too
busy helping
himself to
diamonds to notice any pain.
help?oneself?to 自便
-- My roommate helped herself to my clothes without asking me.
The raid was all over in three minutes, for the men scrambled
back into the car
and it moved
off at a fantastic speed.
at a fantastic speed / at a tremendous speed / at a high speed / at a
full speed
with great speed
Just as it was leaving, Mr. Taylor rushed out and ran after it
throwing ashtrays
and vases,
but it was impossible to stop the thieves.
They had got away with thousands of pounds worth of diamonds.
hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of jewel
Special difficulties 难点
前缀构词法：
1> dis
加在形容词前
-- agreeable（adj.使人愉快的） à disagreeable（adj.不愉快的）
-- content（adj.满意的 vt.使满足） à discontent（adj.不满的 vt.令人不满 n.
不满）
-- graceful（adj.优美的） à disgraceful（adj.使失体面的, 耻辱的）
-- honest（adj.诚实的, 正直的） à dishonest（adj.不诚实的）
-- satisfactory（adj.满意的） à dissatisfactory（adj.不满意的）
加在名词前
-- agreement（n.同意） à disagreement（n.意见不同）
-- honesty（n.诚实, 正直） à dishonesty（n.不诚实, 不老实）
-- ability（n.能力, 才干） à disability（n.无力, 无能）
-- grace（n.优美, 雅致） à disgrace（n.耻辱）
-- comfort（n.舒适 vt.安慰） à discomfort（n.不舒适 vt.使不舒适）
可以加在动词前
-- agree（v.同意） à disagree（v.不同意）
-- appear（vi.出现） à disappear（vi.消失, 不见）
-- believe（相信, 信任） à disbelieve（v.不信, 怀疑）
在名词前加 dis 得到动词, 表示除去、解除。
-- courage（n.勇气, 精神） à discourage（vt.使气馁）
-- root（n.根, 根部） à disroot / unroot（vt.连根拔除）
-- mask（n.面具, 掩饰 v.戴面具, 掩饰） à unmask / dismask（vt.揭露, 暴露）
-- burden（n.担子, 负担 v.负担） à disburden（v.解除负担）
2>il -- 加在以 i 开头的形容词之前
-- legal（adj.法律的, 法定的） à illegal（adj.违法的）
-- logical（adj.合乎逻辑的） à illogical（adj.不合逻辑的）
-- literate（adj.有文化的 n.学者） à illiterate（adj.没受教育的
n.文盲）
3>im -- 加在以 b, m, p 开头的形容词之前
-- possible（adj.可能的） à impossible（adj.不可能的）
-- mortal（adj.必死的, 人类的） à immortal（adj.不朽的）
-- moral（adj.道德的） à immoral（adj.不道德的）
-- balanced（adj.平衡的） à imbalanced（adj.不平衡的）
-- balance （n.平衡） à imbalance（n.不平衡）
4>ir -- 加在以 r 开头的形容词之前
-- regular（adj.规则的） à irregular（adj.不规则的）
-- rational（adj.理性的） à irrational（adj.无理性的）
-- resistible（adj.可抵抗的） à irresistlble（adj.不可抵抗的）
5>in --主要用于其它字母开头的词之前
-- human（adj.人性的） à inhuman（adj.野蛮的）
-- correct（adj.正确的） à incorrect（adj.不正确的）
-- justice（n.正义, 公平） à injustice（n.不正义, 不公平）
-- sincere（adj.真诚的） à insincere（adj.虚假的, 不真诚的）
6>un --只能用于形容词和动词之前
不
-- happy（adj.快乐的） à unhappy（adj.不幸的, 不快乐的）
-- friendly（adj.友好的） à unfriendly（adj.不友好的）
-- lucky（adj.幸运的） à unlucky（adj.不幸的）
无
-- conditional（adj.有条件的） à unconditional（adj.无条件的）
-- limited（adj.有限的） à unlimited（adj.无限的）
非
-- official（adj.官方的, 正式的） à unofficial（adj.非官方的, 非正式的）
-- just（adj.正义的, 公正的） à unjust（adj.不公平的）
未（主要用于过去分词之前）
-- undecided（adj.未定的） à unfinished（adj.未完成的）
-- unexpected（adj.未预料到） à unhurt（adj.没有受伤的）
用于动词之前表示做相反的动作
-- lock（v.锁, 锁上） à unlock（vt.开...锁）
-- tie（vt.系, 打结） à untie（vi.松开, 解开）
-- cover（vt.覆盖） à uncover（vt.揭开, 揭露）
-- pack（vt.包装） à unpack（v.打开包裹）
-- dress（v.穿衣） à undress（vt.使脱衣服）
-- load（v.装载） à unload（v.卸货）
Exercise：
1> polite（adj.有礼貌的） à impolite（adj.无礼的, 粗鲁的）
2> agree à disagree
3> legible（adj.清晰的, 易读的） à illegible（adj.难辨认的, 字迹模糊的）
4> accurate（adj.正确的, 精确的） à inaccurate（adj.错误的, 不准确的）
5> locked à unlocked
6> regular à irregular
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1.B 正确
on?one„s?way?to?do?
-- He is on the/his way to become a lawyer.
2.A 正确
warn?somebody?out?of?one‘s?way 警告某人别挡住去路
in?one‘s?way 挡住某人的去路
-- You are in my way. 挡住了我的去路。
3.C 正确
4. C 正确
形容词和名词共同修饰名词时, 形容词在前, 名词在后。（adj
+ n +被修的名
词）
-- an old village school
-- an empty beer glass
5.B 正确
做句子结构题时要和原文加以对比
6. A 正确 made?of? 可以看出原材料
7. A 正确 began doing something = began to do something
8.D 正确
9. A 正确
accelerate v.加速, 促进
-- The driver accelerated to pass the other car.
speed v.加快（加快动作和工作的进程, 常和 up 连用）
-- We„d better speed up, if we want to get there in time.
-- The car sped along the road.
Reverse vt.倒车, 颠倒, 倒转
-- The car reversed through the gate.
10. A 正确
Overdressed v.(使)穿得太讲究
-- I fell rather overdressed in this smart suit.
Overlooked vt.俯瞰, 远眺
11. B 正确
for the time being = temporarily（adv.临时）
meanwhile = at?the?same?time
As?it?happened 随着这类事情的发生
for?a?while?= for?a?moment
12. C 正确
fly à flew à flown （fly 是不及物动词, 不能用于被动语态。）
-- go?flying
-- send?sth?flying （send sth doing） （direction n.方向）
-- A gust of wind sent the paper flying in all directions 一阵风刮得纸片到处乱
飞。
hurl vt.用力投掷
project v.发射 （= send up 发出, 射出, 长出）
Lesson 07 Mutilated ladies 残钞鉴别组
New words and expression 生词和短语
Mutilate v.使残缺不全 / mutilation n.切断, 毁损
及物动词（经常用于被动语态）
1> 毁伤、残害
-- He was mutilated in the accident, and now has only one leg.
-- a mutilated note 一张残缺不全的钞票
2> 把...搞砸了
-- You„ve already mutilated the novel by making such changes.
Dollar = dad?president 美元
chew? v.咀嚼
-- A lot of people love chewing gums.（chewing gums 口香糖）gum n.树脂, 橡
胶）
-- Don‘t bite off more than one can chew. 不要贪多嚼不烂。Bite（n.咬）
chew?the?fat 聊天, 闲谈
chewed?up 着急的、担心的 嚼碎, 毁坏, 消耗
-- Don„t get worried about your examination.
-- Don„t get chewed up about your examination.
Microwave n.微波，微波炉
Microswitch 微型开关
Microfilm 缩影胶片
Microscope 显微镜
Microsecond 一百万分之一秒, 微秒
Microphone 扩音器, 麦克风
Microbiology 微生物学
micro adj.极小的, 微小的 / macro? adj.巨大的
oven n.炉灶
safekeeping n.妥善保管?
keep something safe
-- Please keep your ID card safe. 妥善保管你的身份证。
干坏事： do?evil (动词) / evil doing (名词)
惹麻烦： make trouble (动词) / trouble making (名词)
Newcastle n.纽卡斯尔（英国港市）
Identify v.鉴定, 识别（= prove identity of sb or sth）
-- He can„t identify the person
identity n.身份
-- So far the archeologists have been unable to discover her
identity.
= So far the archeologists have been unable to identify her.
identification? n.辨认, 鉴定, 证明
spokeswoman n.女发言人
trousers n.裤子, 长裤
Britain n.英国
despair n.绝望, 失望 vi.绝望
concern vt.涉及, 关系到
dismay n.沮丧, 惊慌
note n.纸币
ash n.灰, 灰烬
Text 课文
Why did Jane cook John„s wallet?
Has it ever happened to you? Have you ever put your trousers in
the washing
machine and
then remembered there was a large bank note in your back
pocket?
断首或断尾运用疑问句：
断首--主要引起读者的兴趣和注意力。
断尾--进一步巩固、加深与本段所涉及的内容，并引起读者的沉思。
When you rescued your trousers, did note in your back pocket?
Rescued vt.援救, 营救
-- Hundreds of people went to rescue the plane 无效.
Rescue 是一个大词（大词小用可以加强语气）
When you rescued your trousers, did you find the note was
whiter than white?
whiter than white = damaged, mutilated
People who live in Britain needn„t despair when they made
mistakes like this
(and a lot of
people do)!
needn„t despair(v.) = needn‟t feel despaired(adj.)
Fortunately for them, the Bank of England has a team called
Mutilated Ladies
which deals
with claims from people who fed their money to a machine or to
their dog.
Fortunately for them = luckily for them = happily for them
Team n.队, 组（= Organization n.组织, 机构, 团体）
called Mutilated Ladies = that called Mutilated Ladies
-- 这里采用分词 called 是为了不和后面 which 引导的定语从句从复
deal with v.处理 （deal vi.处理, 应付）
Claim n.(根据权利提出)要求, 索赔
-- make a claim for 对（赔偿等）提出要求...
feed .( fed , fed, feeding) 给吃, 喂
-- feed sth to„ 把某物喂给„
Dogs, it seems, love to chew up money!
it seems 似乎
本句= It seems that dogs love to chew up money!
A recent case concerns Jane Butlin whose fiancé, John, runs a
successful
furniture business.
第二段充分的说明了约翰是怎么样把钱从银行里拿回来
concern vt.涉及到 （= is?about）
run a factory 开一家工厂 / run a company 开一家公司
John had a very good day and put his wallet containing $3,000
into the
microwave oven for
safekeeping.
I have a very good day. 我今天过得很好。
I have a good time. 我玩得很高兴。
Fro safekeeping = to keep it safe
Wallet containing… = wallet which contained…
Then he and Jane went horse-riding.
go horse-riding / go fishing / go hunting / go shopping
When they got home, Jane cooked their dinner in the microwave
oven and
without realizing
it, cooked her fiancé„s wallet as well.
Imagine their dismay when they found a beautifully-cooked
wallet and notes
turned to ash!
beautifully-cooked?wallet 用一种讽刺的口吻, 一种幽默
turn to = turned into = become
John went to see his bank manager who sent the remains of
wallet and the money
to the
special department of the Bank of England in Newcastle: the
Mutilate Ladies!
Who = bank manager
They examined the remain and John got all his money back.
‘So long as there„s something to identify, we will give people
their money back,
‘ said a spokeswoman for the Bank. „Last year, we paid $1.5m
on 21,000 claims.
so?long?as = as long as = on?condition?that 只要„（表假设）
pay?money for„ 为...付多少钱
-- We paid 80 dollars for the dictionary.
pay off 还清(债务等)付清
-- The couples have already paid their debts off
pay back
1> 把钱归还回去
2> 报复、报仇
pay?money?back
pay?somebody?back
-- Don‟t say that again or I will pay you back.
Special difficulties 难点
Interval n.间隔, 距离, 幕间休息
如何运用后缀（名词+后缀à动词）
1> less（表示：否定概念）
-- care（n.v.注意, 关心）à careless（adj.粗心的）
2> ful（表示：有, 充满了）
-- success（n.成功）à successful（adj.成功的）
-- hopeful（adj.怀有希望的） / careful（adj.小心的, 仔细的）
3> ly（形容词+ ly à 副词），（名词+ ly à 形容词）
-- daily（.每日的）/ weekly（.每星期的）
-- yearly（.每年的）/ hourly（adj.每小时的）
4> ic / pic
-- energetic（adj.精力充沛的, 积极的）
-- athlete（n.运动员, 运动选手）à athletic（adj.运动的, 体育的, 身体健壮的）
5> ish
-- fool（n.愚人）à foolish（adj.愚蠢的）
-- childish（adj.孩子气的）/ womanish（adj.像女人的）
Exercise：
1> painless（adj.无痛的, 不痛的）
2> beautiful
3> daily
4> childish（--ish 的形容词具有贬义色彩）
5> athletic（adj.运动的, 体育的, 身体健壮的）
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1.B 正确 involve vt.包括, 使陷入
2.D 正确
-- identify à identifiable（adj.可以确认的）
-- return à returnable（adj.可退回的）
-- eat à eatable（adj.可以吃的）
3.B 正确 unless = if?not
4.A 正确
c) any?large?bank?notes（any +复数）
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5.C 正确 真实的条件句
6.B 正确
一般来说, 如果表示某人的东西就用?‘s.
如果采用介词 of 表示所属关系, 被修饰名词前要出现定冠词。
-- Mary‟s book = the book of Mary
7.C 正确
8.A 正确
简单句, 选用一般过去式
safety n.安全, 保险
9.A 正确
-- in?charge?of 某人负责某物
-- in?the?charge?of 某物由某人负责
10.D 正确 -- become ash = turn?to?ash = turn into ash
11.B 正确
send = dispatch（vt.送, 派遣, 发出）= deliver（vt.递送, 交付）
convey（vt.运输, 运送）
fetch（vt.去取回来）
12.B 正确
provided（conj.倘若）= providing（conj.倘若）
-- Provided that you reduce the price, I„ll take all the goods.
假如你减价, 我会买下所有的货物。
c) supposed 的形式不对, suppose 和 supposing 都可以。
-- Suppose（conj.假使...结果会怎样）= supposing（conj.万一, 假使）
Lesson 08 A famous monastery 著名的修道院
New words and expression 生词和短语
Monastery n.寺院，修道院
Abbot n.男修道院院长
Convent n.女修道会, 女修道院
Nun n.修女
abbess n.女修道院院长
St.?Bernard 圣伯纳德
Pass n.关隘
Watchdog n.看门狗
Rashly adv.莽撞地，冒失地
Boldly adv.大胆地, 显眼地
Enclosure n.围场，圈地
Monk n.和尚
Privacy n.清静，隐居
Skier n.滑雪者
Ski n.滑雪橇 vi.滑雪（-- go skiing）
Easter n.复活节
-- at Easter 在复活节 / at Christmas 在圣诞节 / at
Thanksgiving 在感恩节
connect （v.连接, 联合, 关连）
Switzerland （n.瑞士, 欧洲中部国家）
Italy （n.意大利, 欧洲南部国家）
Metre = Meter （n.米, 公尺）
Lie, Lay, Lain, Lying （vi.位于, 躺, 平放）
Lie, Lied, Lied, Lying（vi.说谎）
Lay, Laid, Laid, Lying（vt.放置, 产卵）
Europe （n.欧洲） Asia （n.亚洲）
Tunnel （n.隧道, 地道） Attempt （vt.尝试, 企图）
Freedom （n.自由, 自主） Wander （vi.漫步, 徘徊）
Regular （adj.规则的, 有秩序的, 经常的）
Party （n.团体, 一伙人）
Peace （n. 静寂, 安宁, 和平, 和睦）
Minus adj.负的, 减的 prep.减去 n.负数
Minus adj.负的负的或在负值区间的
-- a minus value 一个负值 / minus five degrees 零下五度
Degree n.度数, 度, 程度
Text 课文
What are the St. Bernard dogs used for?
The Great St. Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to Italy.
St. = saint（n.圣人, 圣徒 adj.神圣）
Bernard n.伯纳德(男子名)
Pass n.关口
把...与„连接在一起 connect„to„ / join„.to„ / link„with„
with 把...与某事联系在一起
-- I can„t connect the picture with my friend, Mary.
be?connected?with 与...有联系
-- Are you connected with the government?
At 2,473 metres, it is the highest mountain pass in Europe.
At?2,473?metres（介词短语修饰全句用于句首表示原因、条件或状态）
-- In red, she looks much more beautiful.
-- At the age of 25, he is able. 在十五岁的时候, 他很能干。
-- At one point 65 metres, he is a little short.
The famous monastery of St. Bernard, witch was founded in the
eleventh century,
lies about
a mile away.
Found（v.建立, 创立）= set up（设立, 竖立）= establish（vt.成立，建立）
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句最大的区别：
1> 非限制性定语从句只是对主句或主句中所出现的某个名词的补充、说明
和解释, 去掉
对主句影响不大。
2> 限制性定语从句是主句当中不可缺少的一部分。
1>who 引导的非限制性定语从句主要指人做主语
-- Mr. Smith was a famous person in American history.
-- Mr. Smith, who died on July 17th at 84, was a famous person
in American
history.
-- There were very few passengers, who escaped without serious
injury.（n.伤害）
旅客很少, 他们都逃出来了, 没有受到重伤。
-- There were very few passengers who escaped without serious
injury.
没有受重伤而逃出来的旅客很少。
-- The taxi drivers, who knew about the traffic jam, took another
road.
所有司机都知道堵车的事, 都走了别的路。
-- The taxi drivers who knew about the traffic jam took another
road, and others
who didn„t know
about the traffic jam still took this heavy road.
得知堵车的司机走了别的路, 不知道堵车事件的司机仍然走这条路。
2>指代事物在非限制性定语从句当中只能使用 which, 不用
that。
-- He lent me a thousand dollars, which was exactly the sum I
needed.
3>指代时间 when、地点 where
-- He was left on the desert island, where he stayed for as long as
three weeks.
他被留在了荒岛上, 在那里他呆了长达三周之久。
For hundreds of years, St. Bernard dogs have saved the lives of
travellers
crossing the
dangerous Pass.
Life（n.生命, 生活）à lives（life 的复数）
These friendly dogs, which were first brought from Asia, were
used as
watchdogs even in
Roman times.
which 指代 friendly?dogs
-- The panda, which was brought from China, was used as a
symbol of friendship
symbol（n.象征）
Now that a tunnel ahs been built through the mountains, the Pass
is less
dangerous, but each
year, the dogs are still sent out into the snow whenever a traveller
is in difficulty.
Now?that 既然
1> 用做时间连接词, 后面通常跟完成式
-- Now that you have left university, you have to find a job.
2> 用做原因连接词时, 后面时态不限
-- Now that you won„t help me, I must do the job myself.
whoever, whatever, whenever, wherever, whichever, however
= no matter who/what/when/where/which/how
-- You can telephone me whenever you like. 无论什么时候你想打电话给我都
行。
-- Whichever day you come, we„ll be pleased to see you.
-- Wherever you go, I„ll follow you.
-- However busy you are, you must spare some time to study
English.
Despite the new tunnel, there are still a few people who rashly
attempt to cross
the Pass on
foot.
Despite(介词) = in?spite?of (of 是介词)
attempt?to?do?something?= try?to?do?something 企图做某事
There be 结构：
-- There are still a few students studying English in the
classroom.
= There are still a few students who are studying English in the
classroom.
依旧有些学生在教室学习英语。
During the summer months, the monastery is very busy, for it is
visited by
thousands of
people who cross the Pass in cars.
in cars = by car
As there are so many people about, the dogs have to be kept in a
special
enclosure.
About（adv.到处, 周围）
-- Don‘t litter waste paper about. 不要到处扔废纸。 Litter（vt.乱丢, 铺草, 弄
乱）
-- look about 到处看 / go about 到处走 / run about 到处跑 /
wander about
到处闲逛
keep 经常和介词短语、形容词、分词搭配使用, 表示使某人或某物处于某种
状态。
-- Keep him out. / Keep him in.（介词）
-- Do keep the cat in the room. （介词）
-- I‘m?sorry?to?keep?you?waiting.（现在分词）
-- The?lamb?was?kept?tight?to?a?tree. = I kept the lamb tight to
a tree.
lamb（n.小羊, 羔羊） / tight（adj.紧的, 绷紧的）
In winter, however, life at the monastery is quite different.
quite the opposite 恰恰相反
The temperature drops to -30°and very few people attempt to
cross the Pass.
The monks prefer winter to summer of they have more privacy.
prefer A to B 宁愿 A 也不愿 B
-- I prefer reading to doing nothing. 我宁愿看书, 也不愿什么都不做。
-- The boy prefers apples to bananas.
prefer to do sth than do sth
-- He prefers to read than do nothing. 我宁愿看书, 也不愿什么都不做。
The dogs have greater freedom, too, for they are allowed to
wander outside their
enclosure.
The only regular visitors to the monastery in winter are parties of
skiers who go
there at
Christmas and Easter.
The regular visitors to BeiJing.
These young people, who love the peace of mountains, always
receive a warm
welcome at
St. Bernard„s monastery.
Mike, who loves chess very much, enter for the game.
Chess（n.国际象棋）
Special difficulties 难点
1> what
2> when engaged（adj.忙碌的, 使用中的）
3> who
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1... C be?best?known?for?=?be?famous?for„ 众所周知, 因...而著名
attraction（n.吸引, 吸引力） trap（vt.使受限制, 设陷）
2... C the main advantage（n.好处, 优势, 有利条件）
endanger（vt.危及）
Swiss（n.瑞士人 adj.瑞士的, 瑞士人的）
Italian（n.意大利人, 意大利语 adj.意大利的, 意大利语的, 意大利文化的）
3... D differ（vi.不一致, 不同）
occupation（n.工作, 职业） undisturbed（adj.不受打扰的）
pursue（vt.从事, 继续, 追赶） relatively（adv.相对地, 比较地）
4... D 名词作表语（原句中为 at 介词短语作状语）
5... A 形容词或副词和 enough?to?do 搭配
b）选项错在 so?rash?as?to （--
You?are?so?kind?as?to?help?me.）
6... A with 的复合结构形式
-- A large car, with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared
down the arcade.
-- With so many people around me, I fell happy.
7... C 让某人做某事：let?sb?do
8... C 泛泛的概念采取一般现在时
9... B 强调两者之间
10... A
whenever = if?ever 无论什么时候, 只要情况是如此
-- Whenever/if ever you pour oil on water, it floats.（vi.飘浮）
in?case（conj.万一） 主要是讨论预防措施
-- You should insure your house in case there is a fire.
11... D voyage（.航海, 航行）
12... C wander = roam（v.漫游, 闲逛, 徜徉）
graze（v.放牧, 吃草）
drift（n.v.漂流）= float（n.v.浮动, 飘浮）
wonder（vt.想知道, 感到奇怪）
Lesson 09 Flying cats 飞猫
New words and expression 生词和短语
Fascinate v.迷住，吸引住
Fascination（n.魔力, 入迷, 魅力）
Fascinating（adj.令人着迷的）
-- Sweet music is fascinating.
Fascinated（adj.感到着迷的）
Be fascinated with„ 迷上了„
-- He is fascinated with music.
-- He is fascinated with chess. / Are you fascinated with English?
Be crazy about„ 着迷于„
-- He is crazy about music.
Be mad about„ 着迷于„
-- He is mad about music.
Like, Love, Be fond of 喜欢
-- The boy is fond of football.
Affectionate adj.充满深情，柔情的
-- Cats are affectionate animals.
Affectionately（adv.充满深情的, 有感情的, 慈爱的）
-- The lady is looking that man affectionately
affection（n.友爱, 爱情, 影响, 疾病, 倾向）
affect（vt.影响, 感动）
Mysterious adj.神秘的，难以理解的
-- a mysterious plan / a mysterious explanation
mystery（n.谜面，神秘感）
-- His death is a mystery.
Submissive adj.服从的，顺从的
be submissive to sb
-- Dogs and horses are submissive, but cats are never submissive
to us.
Obedient（adj.服从的, 孝顺的）
-- Are you obedient?
Submit（v.服从, 顺从）
-- submit oneself to sb/sth
Submission（n.屈服, 降服, 服从）
Feline adj.猫的
Independence n.独立，独立性 dependence（n.依靠, 依赖, 信任, 信赖）
Independent（adj.独立自主的, 不受约束的） dependent（adj.依靠的, 依赖的）
-- You have already grown up, you must be independent.
Depend（vi.依靠, 依赖） independ 没有此词
-- You must depend on yourself.
high-rise adj.高层的
windowsill n.窗槛
paratrooper n.伞兵
squirrel n.松鼠
air-resistance n.空气阻力
impact n.冲击力
height（n.高度, 海拔, 高地[常用复数]）
protect（vt.保护）
remain（vi.保持）
suspicious（adj.可疑的, 怀疑的）
apparently（adj.显然的, 外观上的）
ability（n.能力, 才干）
fall（vi.倒下, 落下）--（fell, fallen, falling）
medical（adj.医学的, 内科的）
period（n.时期, 学时）
shock（n.打击, 震动）
injury（n.伤害, 侮辱） injure（vt.损害, 伤害）
ideal（n.理想 adj.理想的, 完美的）
sill（n.窗台, 门槛）
storey（n.层 = [美]story）
behave（vi.举动, 举止, 运转）
suffer（vt.遭受, 经历, 忍受 vi.受痛苦, 受损害）
stretch（v.伸展, 伸长）
increase（n.增加 vt.增加, 加大 vi.增加, 繁殖）
resistance（n. 阻力, 电阻, 抵抗力, 反抗, 抵抗）
reduce（vt.减少, 缩小）
Text 课文
How do cats try to protect themselves when falling from greatheights?
Cats never fail to fascinate human beings.
never?fail?to 双重否定意味肯定（运用双重否定结构加深句子肯定的语气）
-- If you ask for help in the polite way, you never fail to succeed.
-- If you receive requests like this, you„ll never fail to accept.
双重否定结构：（起加深句子肯定的语气的作用）
1>否定词+fail?to
-- never?fail?to / can„t?fail?to / don„t?fail?to
2>否定的形容词之前加以否定
-- What he said is not unreasonable.（adj.不讲道理的, 不合理的）
-- It is quite common for us to make mistakes.
= It is not uncommon for us to make mistakes.
3> not + without
-- You can‘t obtain English without working hard. Obtain（vt.获得, 得到）
-- He doesn„t have any meal without meats.
4> no + not
-- There is no cat that doesn„t like fish.
-- There is nothing that he can‘t do. 没有什么他不能做的。
-- There is no rule that has no exception. 没有无例外的法规。Exception（n.除
外, 例外）
They can be friendly and affectionate towards humans, but they
lead mysterious
lives of
their own as well.
as well 也, 又, 同样
They never become submissive like dogs and horses.
As a result, humans have learned to respect feline independence.
as a result adv.结果
have?learned?to 学会了, 习惯了
-- People have learned to expect(盼望) that trains are punctual.（adj.准时的）
-- Children have learned to expect(认为) that their parents are
very able.（adj.能
干的）
Most cats remain suspicious of humans all their lives.
be?suspicious?of„ 对„表示怀疑, 存有戒心
One of the things that fascinates us most about cats is the popular
belief that they
have nine
lives.
that?引导同位语从句
-- One of the things that fascinates us most about planes is the
popular fact that
they are safe and
fast.
Apparently, there is a good deal of truth in this idea. herehere
a?good?deal?of +不可数名词
apparently（adv.显然地），语气不是非常确定（= It ）
A cat„s ability to survive falls is based on fact.
Survive（v.幸免于, 幸存, 生还）
Fall（n.堕落, 落下, 下降）
-- a cat„s ability to survive falls is based on fact
be?based?on 基于事实基础之上
base?sth?on „ 把某事建立在„基础之上
-- We base the theory on the fact. 我们把这理论建立在事实的基础之上。
-- The theory is based on fact. 这理论是建立在事实基础上的。
Recently the New York Animal Medical Center made a study of
132 cats over a
period of five
months.
make?a?study?of?sth 对什么作出研究
over a period of five months
All these cats had one experience in common: they had fallen off
high buildings,
yet only
eight of them died from shock or injuries.
in common = the same
fall?off 坠落，掉落
die?of?+ illness, disease, hunger, thirst
die?from?+ shock, injures, wound
Of course, New York is the ideal place for such an interesting
study, because
there is no
shortage of tall buildings.
Shortage（n.不足, 缺乏）= lack（n.缺乏, 短缺），两个词都和
of 搭配
-- Shortage of money led to the failure of the experiments.
资金缺乏导致实验的失败。
There are plenty of high-rise windowsills to fall from! One cat,
Sabrina, fell 32
storeys, yet
only suffered from a broken tooth.
32 storeys
suffer?from 遭受什么痛苦
-- A lot of people in the world are suffering from terrible disease.
‘Cats behave like well-trained paratroopers.„ a doctor said.
behave like = act like
well-trained 训练很好的，well-decorated 装饰漂亮的
It seems that the further cats fall, the less they are likely to injure
themselves.
（用定冠词 the +形容词或副词的比较级）
-- The harder you study English, the better you can learn it.
-- The more you eat, the fatter you will be.
be?likely?to?do 有可能如何（强调可能性）
-- In cold winter, we are likely to catch a cold.
In a long drop, they reach speeds of 60 miles an hour and more.
and?more 甚至更多（= more than 60 miles an hour）
At high speeds, falling cats have time to relax. They stretch out
their legs like
flying squirrels.
at high speeds
stretch??out 充分伸展
This increases their air-resistance and reduces the shock of
impact when they hit
the ground.
Special difficulties 难点
so, such, such a, such an
1> so
2> such （fun 是不可数名词）
3> such an （exhibition n.展览会）
4> so （twin n.双胞胎中一人）
5> such a
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1... A endlessly?fascinating 无穷的吸引人的
Endlessly（adv.不断地, 无穷尽地）
2... D
3... A
unlikely（adj.未必的, 不太可能的）
exceed（vt.超越, 胜过）
4... C
for 对于人们来讲
with 对于人们来讲（强调对比概念）
-- With some children, their pocket money goes a long way.（暗含：对于其他的
孩子来说„）
Unfailing（adj.经久不衰的,无穷尽的）
Endless（adj.无止境的, 无穷的）
5... B
as...as... 象„一样
in?the? 以„方式
-- I love you in the way that you love me.
-- We like modern art in the same way that we like pretty curtain
material.
6... D popularly（adv.一般地, 流行地, 通俗地, 大众地）
It?is? 据说„
It?is? 据宣布„
It?is? 据报道„
7... B there is plenty of 改为 there are plenty of 就对了
8... A
9... A
throughout（prep.遍及, 贯穿）
-- throughout one‘s life 毕生, 整个一生中
during 在„期间（时间较短）
-- during our holiday / during the week
through 侧重强调从空间穿过
-- through?the?crowd 穿过人群 / through?the?door
-- Monday through Friday
10... C It would seem (that)... = apparently
event n.结果, 事件, 事变 （in the event adv.结果, 如果）
Surprisingly（adv.令人惊讶地）
11... C
explain（v.解释, 说明）
test（v.测试, 试验, 检验）
bear .（bore, borne/born, bearing）v.负担, 忍受
support（vt.支撑, 扶持, 支持）
-- The theory is supported by the fact.
-- The theory is based on the fact.
12... A
even so（conj.虽然如此） 注意：要有上下文
-- He is very tired, even so he keeps studying English hard.
Although（conj.虽然, 尽管）引导让步状语从句
in?spite?of（虽然, 尽管）只用了连接名词、动名词或代词
moreover（adv.而且；此外）表示递近关系
-- I don‘t like skating; moreover, the ice is too thin. 我不喜欢溜冰，而且冰也
太薄。
Lesson 10 The loss of the Titanic “泰坦尼克”号的沉没
New words and expression 生词和短语
Southampton n.南安普敦（英国港市）
Colossal adj.庞大的（= large in size）
-- A ship Titanic was colossal.
-- A colossal monument / A colossal statue
big
-- You give me a big surprise.
-- He is a big person.（重要）
-- The box is big.（large and heavy）
large（体积大 、数量大）
-- an?empty?large?box（体积大） / a?large?number?of?people（数量大）
great?（伟大）
vast?（辽阔、广阔）?-- vast?desert
immense（adj.极广大的, 无边的）
-- immense = immeasurable?不可测量的 （measurable adj.可测量的）
-- an immense stadium / an immense iceberg
enormous（重点突出数量、程度、体积）---强调程度时比 big
语气, 且更正
式。
-- We had an enormous lunch.
-- He made a big success. / He made an enormous success.
Giant（n.巨人, 大力士 adj.庞大的, 巨大的）= gigantic（adj.巨人般的, 巨大
的）
-- a?giant?person?
tremendous （= big、fast、powerful）
-- The plane is travelling at tremendous speed.
Titanic（用于修饰人和物、体积大、力量大）
-- The?ship?is?titanic.
Huge
-- 强调体积大 a?huge?stone / 数量巨大a?huge?sum?of?money
watertight adj.不漏水的 （-- a watertight ship）
watertight（引申为无限可击的、毫无破绽的）
-- watertight?arguments 无懈可击的论点 / watertight?excuse
毫无破绽的借
口
water proof（adj.防水的） proof（adj.不能透入的）
-- waterproof?watch 防水手表 / waterproof?coat 防水雨衣
compartment n.（轮船的）密封舱
flood v.充满水（= be filled with water）
-- The ship is flooded.
-- The room was flooded with moonlight.
-- Our classroom is flooded with sunshine.
Flood n.洪水（-- in?flood 洪水泛滥）
-- During the rains, the river is in flood
引申表示连续不断的、滔滔不绝的（-- in?a?flood?of?words?）
-- She blamed her husband in a flood of words on seeing him.
Float v.漂浮, 飘浮 = drift（vi,vt 漂浮, 漂荡, 漂流 n.漂流物,
漂流）
tragic adj.悲惨的（= unfortunate）-- a tragic accident
miserable（adj.痛苦的, 悲惨的）
bitter adj.痛苦的
tragedy n.悲剧, 惨案（-- in?tragedy 以悲剧形式）
-- The holiday ended in tragedy.
Comedy n.喜剧
comic adj.喜剧的, 滑稽的
comical adj.古怪的, 可笑的（含有贬义）
liner n.班船
voyage n.航行（海上航行）/ flight 飞行 / journey 长途行程
-- The voyage is more than the old lady can bear.
navigation 航海, 航行学, 航海[航空]术
-- navigation light 夜航灯光, 导航灯
Iceberg n.冰山
lookout n.了望员
collision n.碰撞
collide? vi?碰撞, 抵触
-- The plane collided with the mountain.
无效? v.坠毁
-- It is said that there is an airplane that 无效 ed in the
mountains.
conflict? vi.和某事（某人）相抵触
-- My idea conflicts with yours.
clash? vi.相冲突
-- His?wedding?clashed?with?my?examination,
so?I?couldn„t?go.
Narrowly adv.刚刚，勉强地
miss v.避开
slight adj.轻微的
tremble v.震颤（有规律的、小幅度的抖动）
-- Look, your hands are trembling. what„s wrong with you?
Shiver ?v.强调由于寒冷、惧怕而一连串地抖动
-- I found he„s shivering in a cold.
shudder? vi.强调全身的颤栗
-- The boy is shuddering, why? Because he was frightened.
Faint adj.微弱的（= weak adj.弱的, 虚弱的）
-- faint sound, weak sound / weak voice, faint voice
= unconscious（adj.失去知觉, 无意识的）
-- He has been faint for a long time.
slight? adj.轻微的, 微不足道的
-- a slight headache 点轻微的头疼 / a slight book 一本微不足道的书
horror n.恐惧
abandon v.抛弃（因为某事而被迫放弃自己喜爱的事物）
-- He abandoned his research because of the war.
desert?（vt.放弃, 遗弃, 离弃）
-- desert the army / desert the duty / desert his family
plunge v.投入，跳入（= jump or rush suddenly and wildly）
-- He got so angry that he plunge into the water.
-- When the ship Titanic sank in the ocean, a large number of
people plunged
jump（侧重强调快速地跳）
-- The boy is jumping up and down.
Leap vt. 跳跃, 跳越（-- He?leapt?out?of?the?sleeping?bad.）
Dive vi.潜水, 跳水, 下潜, 俯冲
lifeboat n.救生船
passenger n.乘客, 旅客
crew n.全体人员 ton n.吨, 大量, 许多
unsinkable adj.不会下沉的，不会沉底的
sinking n.沉没 Atlantic n.大西洋 adj.大西洋的
Alarm n.警报
Sharply adj.突然地, 急剧地, 强烈地, 尖锐地
Direct adj.直接的, 笔直的
Trembling adj.发抖的, 震颤的, 颤抖的 n.发抖, 震颤
Text 课文
What would have happened if only two of the sixteen water-tight
compartments
had been flooded?
The great ship, Titanic, sailed for New York from Southampton
on April 10th,
1912.
The?great?ship, Titanic, 背景介绍
sail?for„ 航海去往某处
set?out?for / set off for 出发去往某处
leave for / head for / make for 出发去往某处
-- He will set out for the Atlantic.
-- The plane is making for the airport.
-- We are heading for Canada.
She was carrying 1,316 passengers and a crew of 891.
She （carry?表示载有）
a?crew?of 一组人员
Even by modern standards, the 46,000 ton Titanic was a colossal
ship.
modern?standards?现代的标准
by =?according?to?表示依据
-- by?regulation 依据规则 （regulation n.规则, 规章）
-- by?rules 依据条例（rule n.规则, 惯例）
-- by?our?estimate 依据我们的估计（estimate n.估计, 估价, 评估 v.估计, 估
价, 评估）
-- by?one‘s?looks?= by?one‘s?appearance 根据某人的长相（appearance n.
外貌, 出现）
according?to„ 依据（事实、课文等客观存在的现实）
-- according?to?the?fact 依据事实
-- according?to?the?text 依据这篇课文
in accordance with = according to
in?accordance?with„ 依据（法律等），更加正式
-- in accordance with law / in accordance with rules
in?my?opinion 在我看来
At the time, however, she was not only the largest ship that had
ever been built,
but was
regarded as unsinkable, for she had sixteen watertight
compartments.
At?that?time 在当时
but(also)... 不仅„而且„
be?regarded?as = be?considered?to?be = be?thought?of?as 把...看作为
口语中：regard?sb./sth.?As + (n./porn./adj./doing/done)
-- I regard his idea as totally unacceptable.（adj.无法接受的, 不受欢迎的）
-- We can‘t regard the matter as settled.（adj.定下的, 决定的）
for?表示原因
Even if two of these were flooded, she would still be able to float.
be?able?to 强调有能力
The tragic sinking of this great liner will always be remembered,
for she went
down on her
first voyage with heavy loss of life.
be?remembered 被永远记住 （always adv.永远, 始终, 总是）
go down = sink
on?her?first?voyage 处女航, 首航
with?heavy?loss?of?life 损失惨重, 造成大批人员的死亡
Four days after setting out, while the Titanic was sailing across
the icy water of
the North
Atlantic, huge iceberg was suddenly spotted by a lookout.
four days after = four days after
spotted = discovered
icy（adj.冰冷的, 冷淡的, 盖着冰的） waters（n.水域, 海域）
After the alarm had been given, the great ship turned sharply to
avoid a direct
collision.
the?alarm?had?been?given 发出警报
不定式表目的
The Titanic turned just in time, narrowly missing the immense
wall of ice which
rose over
100 feet out of the water beside her.
Just in time 很及时
Missing„ 现在分词做状语, 对主句的补充说明
which?指代 the?immense?wall?of?ice
Suddenly, there was a slight trembling sound from below, and the
captain went
down to see
what had happened.
from?below 从下方 / from?above 从上方
The noise had been so faint that no one though that the ship had
been damaged.
So faint that no one （so...that„）
Below, the captain realized to his horror that the Titanic was
sinking rapidly, for
five of her
sixteen watertight compartments had already been flooded!
to?one‘s?horror 使某人感到惊恐
to?one‘s?surprise 使某人感到惊讶
The order to abandon ship was given and hundreds of people
plunged into the icy
water.
The?order?was?given 命令被下达 / to?abandon?ship 弃船（不定式做定语）
-- be able to do sth 能够做某事 / the ability to do sth 做某事的能力
-- order sb to do sth 命令某人做某事 / the order to do sth 做某事的命令
-- be?capable?of?doing?sth 有能力做某事 /
capability?of?doing?sth 做某事的
能力
ability（n.能力, 才干）
capable（adj.有能力的, 能干的, 有可能的）
capability（n.能力, 才能, 才干）
As there were not enough lifeboats for everybody, 1,500 lives
were lost.
As = because
Special difficulties 难点
1>动词后加-er
如果是以不发音的 e 结尾的, 只加 （r表示行为的主动者, 做某事的人）。
work à worker / teachàteacher / writeàwriter / readàreader
murder（vt.谋杀, 凶杀）à murderer（n.杀人犯, 凶手）
2>动词、名词后加-ist （表示某种主义信仰者, 从事某种职业、研究的人。）
Copy à copyist（n.抄写员, 模仿者）
无效 à typist（n.打字员）
novel（n.小说, 长篇故事）à novelist（n.小说作家）
drug（n.药）à druggist（n.药商, 药剂师）
tobacco（n.烟草, 烟草制品）à tobacconist（n.烟草商, 烟店）
3 >形容词后加-ness（抽象名词, 表示一种性质、情况、状态）
kind à kindness（n.仁慈, 亲切, 好意, 善意）
bitter à bitterness（n.苦味, 辛酸, 苦难）
happy à happiness（n.幸福, 快乐）--- 以结尾要变 y 为 i 加
ness.
willing（adj.乐意的, 自愿的）à willingness（n.自动自发,积极肯干）
4>某些动词后加-ion,构成名词。
Suggest à suggestion
possess（vt.占有, 拥有, 持有）à possession（n.拥有, 占有）
collect à collection（n.收藏, 搜集品）
以-te 结尾的动词, 把不发音的-e 去掉, 在加-ion.
Translate（vt.翻译, 解释, 转化） à translation（n.翻译, 译文,
转化）
complete à completion（n.完成）
graduate（v.(使)(大学)毕业）à graduation（n.毕业, 毕业典礼）
某些以-aim/-ain 结尾的动词、把-i 去掉，在加-ation.
Explain（v.解释, 说明）à explanation（n.解释, 解说, 说明）
Exclaim（v.呼喊, 惊叫, 大声叫）à exclamation（n.惊叫, 喊叫）
5>（以-able/-ible 结尾的）形容词之后加-ity 变成（以-ability/-ibility 结尾的）
抽象名词
（表示性质、状态）
able à ability
probable（adj.很可能的, 大概的）à probability（n.可能性, 或然性, 概率）
possible（adj.可能的）à possibility（n.可能性, 可能发生的事物）
mobile（adj.可移动的, 机动的）à mobility（n.活动性, 灵活性, 机动性）
Exercise：
Violin（n.小提琴）à violinist（n.小提琴演奏者, 小提琴家）
Responsible（adj.有责任的, 可靠的）à responsibility（n.责任,
职责）
Careless（adj.粗心的, 疏忽的） à carelessness
1> physics（n.物理学）à physicist（n.物理学者, 唯物论者）
2> mine（n.矿 v.开采, 开矿）à miner（n.矿工）
3> human（n.人类 adj.人类的）à humanity（n.人性, 人类）
4> impress（vt.留下印象）à impression（n.印象, 感想）
-- make a good impression
5> original（adj.最初的, 原始的）à originality（n.创意, 创造性）
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1... D maiden（n.少女, 处女 adj.未婚的, 纯洁的, 处女的）
-- on?her?first?= maiden?voyage 首航, 处女航
2„C course（n.过程, 路线, 课程）
-- steep（adj.陡峭的, 险峻的）à steeply（adv.险峻地）
3... A
4... B on board her（her 指代的是 the?great?ship）
-- on board the plane 在飞机上
-- on board the train 在火车上
-- on board the ship 在轮船上
5... D 表示下沉的可能性
6„ D 有了“段时间”four days, 所以用过去完成进行时。
7... B so 位于句首, 句子必须倒装。
8... D
9... A veer（vi.转向 vt.使转向）= turn
10... C just?in?time = with no time to spare ?躲得很及时
in next to no time = at once = immediately
on?a?sudden?impulse 凭一时的冲动（impulse n.冲动, 推动,
刺激）
11... B 重点在于下去调查
investigate（v.调查, 研究） examine（v.检查, 调查）
12... A room（n.空间）
volume（n.容量, 容积）
area（n.范围, 区域,地区）
place（n.地方, 地点）
Lesson 11 Not guilty 无罪
New words and expression 生词和短语
Guilty adj.犯罪的，违法的
-- He felt guilty when he did what he shouldn„t have done.
-- He said that with a guilty smile.
Guilt (n.罪行, 内疚) guiltily (adv.有罪地, 有罪似地)
反义词：innocent (adj.清白的, 无罪的) innocence (n.清白)
tolerant adj.宽容的 à Tolerantly (adv.)
-- A tolerant person must be easy going. 一个宽容的人一定是很好相处的。
Tolerance (n.宽容, 忍受, 容忍) Tolerate (vt.忍受, 容忍)
Tolerable (adj.可忍受的) hardship (n.困苦, 艰难, 辛苦)
-- The hardship is tolerable. 这种困苦还是可以忍受的。
declare v.申报
hardened adj.有经验的（侧重于老练的）
-- a hardened player / a hardened thief
experienced adj.富有经验的 (侧重于有经验的)
-- an experienced teacher
professional adj.职业的，专业的
-- a professional player 一个职业的选手
smuggler n.走私者
officious adj.爱管闲事的 / Officiousness (n.)
-- A lot of old ladies are officious.
Officious adj.多管闲事的, 非官方的, 非正式的, 专横的
-- civil（adj.全民的, 市民的, 公民的, 国民的）
-- servant（n.仆人）
-- civil servant n.文职人员,公务员,公仆,(联合国等机构的行政人员)
-- officious civil servant 爱管闲事的的公务员
-- an officious police officer 专横的的警官
Officiously（adv.多管闲事的, 非正式的, 非官方的）
official adj.官方的, 官员的, 正式的
-- An official inquiry will be made into this matter.（inquiry n.质询, 调查）
此事将进行一次官方调查。
Confidently adv.自信地（= with?confidence?充满信心的）
-- He went to do the work confidently.
Confident (adj.自信的, 确信的)
Confidence (n.信心)
-- have?confidence 有信心 / gain?confidence 获得信心
in?confidence (悄悄的,秘密的) = secretly
take?sb into?one‘s?confidence 以某人为心腹
-- The boss takes his secretary into his confidence.
dreadful adj.可怕的，一团糟的 （= frightful adj.糟糕的, 讨厌的）
dreadful（侧重于可怕的, 乱七八糟的）
-- The room is dreadful / a frightful day
fearful（表示胆怯的, 恐惧的）
-- she felt fearful particularly when she went out at night.（adv.独特地, 显著地）
pounce v.猛抓，扑住
perfume n.香水（人造的）
fragrance （抽象名词）n.芬芳, 芳香, 香气, 香味
sarcastically adv.讽刺地
exempt adj.被免除的
duty n.税
-- Customs?Duty 关税 / duty?free 免税的
-- Stamp?Duty 印花税 （stamp n.邮票, 印花, 图章, 标志）
同义词：tax n.税, 税款, 税金
-- income?tax 所得税
gel n.凝胶
mixture n.混合物
mix（v.使混和, 混淆, 混合） -- mix sth With
-- Oil does not mix with water. 油不能和水融合在一起
unscrew v.拧开
nostril n.鼻孔
chalk n.粉笔
baggage n.行李
同义词：luggage（n.行李, 皮箱）
trouble vt.(使)烦恼, 麻烦, 打扰
hide .（hid, hidden, hiding）隐藏
eh int.(表示惊奇、疑问等) 啊，嗯
particular（adj.特殊的, 特别的, 独特的）
particularly（adv.异常地,显著地,特别地,格外,尤其）
import n.进口, 进口货(常用复数), 输入
encouraging（adj.鼓励的） encouragingly（adv.鼓励的）
greet vt.问候, 向...致意, 映入眼帘
convince vt.使确信, 使信服
Text 课文
What was the Customs Officer looking for?
Customs Officers are quite tolerant these days, but they can still
stop you when
you are
going through the Green Channel and have nothing to declare.
the Green Channel = the Custom Office
我们在运用形容词、动词时, 往往需要用副词来强调。
Really（表示“真正的”）
-- a really officious person
particularly（强调“特别, 尤其是”）
absolutely（强调“绝对的”）
completely = entirely = fully = thoroughly（强调“完全的, 彻底的”）
extremely（强调“特别, 特别是”）
fairly adv.相当地, 还算（语气一般）
-- a fairly gook book. 一本还算可以的书。
very（语气程度强烈“非常”）
-- a very good book. 一本非常好的书。
rather 语意程度接近 fairly, 注意不冠词的位置。
-- a fairly good book.
-- a rather good book = rather a good book (更常用)
quite right / quit wrong / quite mistaken / quite sure
even really
a particularly officious young
Even really honest people are often made to feel guilty.
are made to feel guilty
make, have, let 及感官性动词 see, hear, notice, feel?用于主动语态, 符合宾语
不定式的符号 to
应省略。但这种结构改成被动式时, 不定式符号 to 必须还原。
-- We heard someone come up the stairs.
-- Someone was heard to come up the stairs.
The hardened professional smuggler, on the other hand, is never
troubled by such
feelings,
even if he has five hundred gold watches hidden in his suitcase.
even if he has five hundred gold watches hidden in his suitcase.
= Even if/though he has five hundred golden watches that are
hidden in his
suitcase.
hidden in his suitcase（过去分词短语作定语, 修饰 watches）
On the , on the other hand„。
-- On the one hand we could stay and help you, but on the other
hand it might be
better if you
went to help him instead.
When I returned form abroad recently, a particularly officious
young Customs
Officer
clearly regarded me as a smuggler.
‘Have you anything to declare?„ he asked, looking me in the
eye.
looking?me?in?the?eye 两眼直盯盯的注视着我
= look sb in the face = stare sb in the eyes = look directly at sb
-- Not one of the men dared look him in the eye. 没有人敢正眼看他。
‘No„, I answered confidently.
‘Would you mind unlocking this suitcase please?„ „Not at all,„ I
answered.
Would you mind unlocking this suitcase, please?
注意：mind 后面的动名词形式
The Officer went through the case with great care.
The Officer went through the case with great care.
= The Officer examined the case carefully
with?great?care 强调相当的仔细
All the thing I had packed so carefully were soon in a dreadful
mess.
in?a?mess 乱作一团
介词 in?和名词搭配，表示一种状态
-- in?good?order 秩序井然 / -- in?good?health 身体健康
-- in?a?good?mood 心情好 / -- in?a?good?temper 脾气好
I felt sure I would never be able to close the case again.
Suddenly, I saw the Officer„s face light up.
light?up 喜气洋洋, 容光焕发
-- Marsha‟s?face?lit?up?when?she?saw?her?old?friend.
-- His face lighted up at the small triumph.（n.胜利, 成功）
-- Tom really lighted up when he saw the new bicycle.
Light 的过去式与过去分词即可以是 lit, 也可以是 lighted.
-- 但是如果运用过去分词作定语, 表示被点燃的, 要用
lighted。
-- a?lighted?cigar 一支被点燃的雪茄
-- a?lighted?stick 点燃的火炬
He had spotted a tiny bottle at the bottom of my case and he
pounced on it with
delight.
with?delight 欣喜若狂地 （with 和抽象名词搭配, 表示内心充满了一种感
情）
-- with?confidence 自信地 / -- with?care 细心地
-- with?pride 骄傲地 / -- with?delight 欣喜若狂地
pounce?on 向...猛扑过去, 对...大做文章
-- The?policeman?pounced?on?the?thief. 警察向小偷猛扑过去。
-- Don‘t pounce on my mistake. 不要对我的错误大做文章。
‘Perfume, eh?„ he asked sarcastically.„You should have declared
that. Perfume
is not exempt
from import duty.„
should?have 和过去分词搭配（表示本应该做某事却没有做,
具有谴责性的味
道）
-- You should have arrived here five minutes earlier.
-- You should have told me about it.
shouldn‘t?have?done 本不应该做某事
exempt v.免除 adj.被免除的（be exempt from）
-- Drinks are not exempt from import duty. Perfume is not
exempt from import
duty either.
‘But it isn„t perfume,„ I said. „It„s hair gel.„ Then I added with a
smile,
‘It„s a strange mixture
I make myself.„
As I expected, he did not believe me.
As：关系代词（引导非限制性定语从句, 它所指代的内容就是主句的整个句
子的含义）
-- As?we?know, the?earth?is?round. 众所周知, 地球是圆的。
-- As?I mentioned 正如我所提及的
-- As?I?soon?learned, he was English himself. 正如我很快得知的,他也是英国
人。
关系代词 as 和 which 的区别：
as 所引导的非限制性定语从句, 可用在主句之前。
which 引导的非限制性定语从句, 只能用在主句之后。
‘Try it!„ I said encouragingly.
Encouragingly 副词形式
The officer unscrewed the cap and put the bottle to his nostrils.
He was greeted by an unpleasant smell which convinced him that
I was telling
the truth.
Greet
1> vt.问候, 向...致意
2> vt.觉察到, 呈现在...眼前, 在...耳边
-- I woke up and was greeted by a bird‘s song. 当我醒来时, 耳边是鸟鸣声。
-- Inside the room a dreadful mess greeted us. 当我进入房间，眼前是一堆乱七
八糟的东西。
-- When he went into the kitchen, a smell greeted him.
A few minutes later, I was able to hurry away with precious chalk
marks on my
baggage.
Precious adj.宝贵的, 贵重的
Special difficulties 难点
Canada n.加拿大
Canadian adj.加拿大的 n.加拿大人
Expectation n.期待, 预料
France n.法国, 法兰西
French n.法国人, 法语 adj.法国的, 法国人的, 法语的
Germany n.德国
German n.德国人, 德语 adj.德国的, 德国人的, 德语的
Danish n.丹麦语 adj.丹麦的
Denmark n.丹麦（北欧国家,首都哥本哈根）
Copenhagen n.哥本哈根
Tivoli n.提沃利（意大利中部一城市）
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1.C potential（adj.潜在的, 可能的）
2.C what 提问 à 名词回答 idea（n.想法, 念头）
3.A smuggle（n.走私, 偷带 v.走私）
4.D
5.C look him in the eyes/face = look directly at him
6.B would you kindly do sth please? （一种有礼貌的请求）
7.A should = ought to
8.A Having finished his homework, he went to bed.
9.C easy-going（adj.好相处的, 随和的）
tolerable（adj.可容忍的??能忍耐的）
placid（adj.平静的）
negligent（adj.疏忽的, 粗心大意的）
10 A feel ashamed of„ 为„感到羞愧
unashamed（adj.不害羞的, 不知耻的）
guiltless（adj.无罪的, 无辜的）
11.D?
incomprehensible（= unable?to?be?understood）adj.不能理解的technical（adj.专业性的, 技术的, 技术上的）
-- The article is full of incomprehensible technical expressions.
Incredible（= unbelievable）adj.难以置信的, 不可思议的
-- What you said is incredible.
Incredulous（adj.怀疑的, 不轻信的）
-- He is an incredulous person.
Skeptical（unwilling?to?believe）adj.好怀疑的, 怀疑的
12. baggage（n.行李, <军队的>行装）= luggage（n.行李, 皮箱）casement（n.门式窗）
equipment（n.装备, 设备, 器材, 装置）
Lesson 12 Life on a desert island
New words and expression 生词和短语
desert?island 荒岛
desert n.沙漠 vt.背弃,遗弃
dessert n.甜点
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unrealistic adj.不真实
paradise n.天堂，乐士
-- A lot of people imagine the USA as their paradise.
Heaven n.天堂, 天国（也指死亡 -- go to heaven）
wretched adj.可怜的，艰苦的
= miserable adj.痛苦的, 悲惨的, 可怜
-- lead a wretched/miserable/terrible/dog’s life. 过着悲惨的生活。
starve v.挨饿（-- starve to death 饿死）
-- During the war, a large of people starved to death.
-- hungry to death 我饿得要死（即：我非常饿）
element n.成分
opportunity n.机会
golden opportunity 绝好的机会
-- Don‟t miss any golden opportunities.
-- opportunity knocks only once 千载难逢的机会
chance 表机会时可以与 opportunity 互换（后面+of doing, 或to do）
-- I had the chance of visiting Paris. = I had the opportunity of
visiting Paris.
-- He had no opportunity to see her.
chance 表可能性时(= possibility), 则不可 opportunity 互换。
-- There is a chance that I will see him. 我有可能见到她。
-- The chances are that he will be elected the president. 他有可能当选总统。
-- The chances are that he will pass his examination next week.
coral n.珊瑚
Virgin?Islands 维尔京群岛
Miami n.迈阿密（美国最南的城市）
Dinghy n.救生筏，小船
Caribbean n.加勒比海
spear?gun 捕鱼枪
lobster n.龙虾
tanker n.油轮
genuinely adv.由衷地
-- He is genuinely thankful to me. 他由衷地地感谢我。
Genuine adj.真实的, 真正的, 诚恳的
Genuineness（n.）
Robinson?Crusoe 鲁滨孙.克鲁索（小说《鲁滨孙漂流记》主人公）
Exceptional adj.例外的, 异常的
Ripe adj.熟的, 成熟的
Fruit n.水果, 果实, 果类, 成果
Opposite adj.相对的, 相反的, 对等的 n.相反的事物
Sink vi.沉下, (使)下沉
Prove vt.证明, 证实
Spear n.矛, 枪
Text 课文
What was exceptional about the two men„s stay on the desert
island?
Most of us have formed an unrealistic picture of life on a desertisland.
form an?unrealistic?picture?of?sth 对„抱有不切实际的幻想
-- A large number of people have formed an unrealistic picture of
the job.
Form（v.形成, 构成）= develop（vt.逐渐形成）
-- develop a habit = form a habit 养成一种习惯
We sometimes imagine a desert island to be a sort of paradise
where the sun
always shines.
imagine sth to be = imagine sth as
-- Some people imagine flying to be more dangerous than
traveling by train.
-- A large number people imagine the USA as their paradise.
Life there is simple and good. Ripe fruit falls from the trees and
you never have
to work.
You never have to work = you needn‟t work = you don‟t need to
work
The other side of the picture is quite the opposite. Life on a desert
island is
wretched.
quite?the?opposite 恰恰相反 / quite different
You either starve to death or live like Robinson Crusoe, Waiting
for a boat which
never
comes.
Either you or I am going to the party. （谓语动词和最接近的主语保持一致）
Either come in or go out, don’t stand on the doorway.（门口, 门道）
Perhaps there is an element of truth in both these pictures, but
few us have had
the
opportunity to find out.
an element of truth = a bit of truth
Optimistic（adj.乐观的） Pessimistic（adj.悲观的, 消极的）
Two?men?who?recently?spent?five?days?on?a?coral?island?wished?they?had?stayed
?there?longer.?
谓语动词 wish 之后的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气
1>如果表达与现在情况相反, that 从句中的动词要用过去时（be?动词要用
were）。
-- I wish you could drive a car. = I am sorry you can‟t drive a car.
所表达的意思是：你要是能开车就好了。（表达一种遗憾的心情）
2>如果表达与过去情况相反, that 从句中的动词要用过去完