2024年1月25日发(作者：茅玑)
1. "Plural" is a morpheme .
2. Morphemes are regarded as abstract constructs in the system of
sound.
3. A root is not always a free form.
4. All bound morphemes are affixes.
5. All words contain a root morpheme.
6. Duality is one of the characteristics of human language. It
refers to the fact that language has two levels of structures.
The system of sounds and the system of meaning.
7. Prescriptive linguistics is more popular than the descriptive
linguistics because it can tell us how to speak correct
language.
8. Competance and performance refer respectively to the
language user’s underlying knowledge about the system of
rules and the actual use of language in concrete situations.
9. Language is a means of verbal communication. Therefore,
the communication way used by the deaf-mute is not
language.
10. Arbitrariness of language makes it potentially creative, and
conventionality of language makes a language be passed from
generation to generation. As a foreign language learner, the
latter is more important for us.
g is a derivative of speech. .
ge has a form-meaning correspondence.
syllables must have a nucleus.
14. [d] is different from [t] in the place of articulation.
15. Aspiration is not a suprasegmental feature.
16. Bound morphemes must appear with at least another
morpheme.
17. A root can not be further analyzed without total loss of identity.
18. The word "WTO" is formed through blending.
19. Words which have all the semantic components of another are
hyponyms of the latter.
20. Speech act theory was originated with Halliday.
21. Theme is known or at least obvious in the given situation and
from which the speaker proceeds.
22. The interpersonal function of language means that
Language serves to establish and maintain social relations.
23. Diacritics indicate length, stress, voice and intonation to
indicate phonetic variation.
24. Consonants and vowels are different in that the former are
produced by constricting or obstructing the vocal tract at
some place but the latter are produced without such
obstruction.
25. The smallest meaningful units that can be used freely all by
themselves are free morphemes.
26. Bound morphemes include two types: roots and affixes.
27. Words which have all the semantic components of another are
hyponyms of the latter.
28. Speech act theory was originated with Halliday.
29. Aspiration is not a suprasegmental feature.
30. A sentence is a grammatical unit and an utterance is a pragmatic
notion.
31. By diachronic study we mean to study the changes and
development of language.
32. Langue is relatively stable and systematic while parol is
subject to personal situational constraints.
33. Language change is universal, ongoing and arbitrary.
34. In language classrooms nowadays the grammar taught to
students is basically descriptive, and more attention is paid to
the developing learner’s communicative skills.
35. Language is a system of arbitrary, written signs which
permit all the people in a given culture, or other people who
have learned the system of that culture, to communicate or
interact.
36. Only human beings are able to communicate..
37. Root also falls into two categories: free and bound.
38. The word "WTO" is formed through blending.
39. Words which have all the semantic components of another are
hyponyms of the latter.
40. Speech act theory was originated with Halliday.
填空专项练习
1. ______ refer to the defining properties of human language that
tell the difference between human language and any system of
animal communication.
2. _____ means that human languages enable their users to
symbolize objects, events and concepts, which are not present in
time and space at the moment of communication.
3. _____function of language refers to the social interaction of
language.
4. A_____ is a complete closure of the articulators so that the
airstream cannot escape through the mouth.
5. The consonant [p] can be described as a voiceless ______ stop.
6. . Language, broadly speaking, is a means of __________
communication.
7. any language words can be used in new ways to mean new
things and can be combined into innumerable sentences based on
limited rules. This feature is usually termed __________.
8. ge has many functions. We can use language to talk
about itself. This function is __________.
9. that primitive man made involuntary vocal noises while
performing heavy work has been called the __________ theory.
10. stics is the __________ study of language.
duality is meant the property of having two levels of structure,
which are Primary level and __________level.
2.__________ function of language can be used to talk about itself,
and this makes the language infinitely self-reflexive.
criteria of consonant description involves the place of
articulation and the _________ of articulation.
4.__________ studies how speech sounds are made, transmitted, and
received, while phonology is the study of the sound systems of
languages.
5. According to the variability, words can be classified into variable
and _________ words.
6. Morpheme is the smallest unit of language in terms of relationship
between content and __________.
7. Words like: ________ are created through the process of acronym.
8. According to Chomsky, sentence like: “the love of god” has the
identical surface structure but different _________ structure.
9. Words like live and dead are_________ antonyms.
specify the CP further, Grice introduced four categories of
maxims which are: quantity, quality, manner, and ________.
11. The consonant [g] can be described as a voiced _____ stop.
12. If two sounds occurring in the same environment do not contrast,
namely, if the substitution of one for the other does not generate a
new word form but merely a different pronunciation of the same
word, the two sounds then are said to be in ______.
13. A syllable must have a _____ or peak, which is usually a ______.
14. ______were sentences that did not state a fact or describe a state,
and were not verifiable.
15. All the acts that belong to the same category share the same
purpose or the same _____ point, but they differ in their strength or
force.
16.____ is the smallest meaningful unit of language.
17. The affix “-ish” in the word boyish conveys a ___ meaning.
18. _________ morphemes are those that cannot be used
independently but have to be combined with other morphemes,
either free or bound, to form a word.
19. Affixes are of two types: inflectional affixes and __________
affixes.
20. ________ affixes are added to an existing form to create words.
21..Modern linguistics is __________ in the sense that the linguist
tries to discover what language is rather than lay down some rules
for people to observe.
general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of
__________ over writing.
description of a language as it changes through time is a
__________ study.
24. Saussure put forward two important concepts. __________ refers
to the abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech
community.
25. Linguistic potential is similar to Saussure’s langue and
Chomsky’s __________.
26. A ______ is added to the end of stems to modify the meaning of
the original word and it may case change its part of speech.
27. __________ is the combination of two or sometimes more than
two words to create new words.
28. The rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of
stem to form a new word are called m___________ rules.
29. In terms of morphemic analysis, _______________ can be
viewed as the addition of affixes to stems to form new words.
30. A ______ can be a bound root, a free morpheme, or a derived
form itself to which a derivational affix can be added.
2024年1月25日发(作者：茅玑)
1. "Plural" is a morpheme .
2. Morphemes are regarded as abstract constructs in the system of
sound.
3. A root is not always a free form.
4. All bound morphemes are affixes.
5. All words contain a root morpheme.
6. Duality is one of the characteristics of human language. It
refers to the fact that language has two levels of structures.
The system of sounds and the system of meaning.
7. Prescriptive linguistics is more popular than the descriptive
linguistics because it can tell us how to speak correct
language.
8. Competance and performance refer respectively to the
language user’s underlying knowledge about the system of
rules and the actual use of language in concrete situations.
9. Language is a means of verbal communication. Therefore,
the communication way used by the deaf-mute is not
language.
10. Arbitrariness of language makes it potentially creative, and
conventionality of language makes a language be passed from
generation to generation. As a foreign language learner, the
latter is more important for us.
g is a derivative of speech. .
ge has a form-meaning correspondence.
syllables must have a nucleus.
14. [d] is different from [t] in the place of articulation.
15. Aspiration is not a suprasegmental feature.
16. Bound morphemes must appear with at least another
morpheme.
17. A root can not be further analyzed without total loss of identity.
18. The word "WTO" is formed through blending.
19. Words which have all the semantic components of another are
hyponyms of the latter.
20. Speech act theory was originated with Halliday.
21. Theme is known or at least obvious in the given situation and
from which the speaker proceeds.
22. The interpersonal function of language means that
Language serves to establish and maintain social relations.
23. Diacritics indicate length, stress, voice and intonation to
indicate phonetic variation.
24. Consonants and vowels are different in that the former are
produced by constricting or obstructing the vocal tract at
some place but the latter are produced without such
obstruction.
25. The smallest meaningful units that can be used freely all by
themselves are free morphemes.
26. Bound morphemes include two types: roots and affixes.
27. Words which have all the semantic components of another are
hyponyms of the latter.
28. Speech act theory was originated with Halliday.
29. Aspiration is not a suprasegmental feature.
30. A sentence is a grammatical unit and an utterance is a pragmatic
notion.
31. By diachronic study we mean to study the changes and
development of language.
32. Langue is relatively stable and systematic while parol is
subject to personal situational constraints.
33. Language change is universal, ongoing and arbitrary.
34. In language classrooms nowadays the grammar taught to
students is basically descriptive, and more attention is paid to
the developing learner’s communicative skills.
35. Language is a system of arbitrary, written signs which
permit all the people in a given culture, or other people who
have learned the system of that culture, to communicate or
interact.
36. Only human beings are able to communicate..
37. Root also falls into two categories: free and bound.
38. The word "WTO" is formed through blending.
39. Words which have all the semantic components of another are
hyponyms of the latter.
40. Speech act theory was originated with Halliday.
填空专项练习
1. ______ refer to the defining properties of human language that
tell the difference between human language and any system of
animal communication.
2. _____ means that human languages enable their users to
symbolize objects, events and concepts, which are not present in
time and space at the moment of communication.
3. _____function of language refers to the social interaction of
language.
4. A_____ is a complete closure of the articulators so that the
airstream cannot escape through the mouth.
5. The consonant [p] can be described as a voiceless ______ stop.
6. . Language, broadly speaking, is a means of __________
communication.
7. any language words can be used in new ways to mean new
things and can be combined into innumerable sentences based on
limited rules. This feature is usually termed __________.
8. ge has many functions. We can use language to talk
about itself. This function is __________.
9. that primitive man made involuntary vocal noises while
performing heavy work has been called the __________ theory.
10. stics is the __________ study of language.
duality is meant the property of having two levels of structure,
which are Primary level and __________level.
2.__________ function of language can be used to talk about itself,
and this makes the language infinitely self-reflexive.
criteria of consonant description involves the place of
articulation and the _________ of articulation.
4.__________ studies how speech sounds are made, transmitted, and
received, while phonology is the study of the sound systems of
languages.
5. According to the variability, words can be classified into variable
and _________ words.
6. Morpheme is the smallest unit of language in terms of relationship
between content and __________.
7. Words like: ________ are created through the process of acronym.
8. According to Chomsky, sentence like: “the love of god” has the
identical surface structure but different _________ structure.
9. Words like live and dead are_________ antonyms.
specify the CP further, Grice introduced four categories of
maxims which are: quantity, quality, manner, and ________.
11. The consonant [g] can be described as a voiced _____ stop.
12. If two sounds occurring in the same environment do not contrast,
namely, if the substitution of one for the other does not generate a
new word form but merely a different pronunciation of the same
word, the two sounds then are said to be in ______.
13. A syllable must have a _____ or peak, which is usually a ______.
14. ______were sentences that did not state a fact or describe a state,
and were not verifiable.
15. All the acts that belong to the same category share the same
purpose or the same _____ point, but they differ in their strength or
force.
16.____ is the smallest meaningful unit of language.
17. The affix “-ish” in the word boyish conveys a ___ meaning.
18. _________ morphemes are those that cannot be used
independently but have to be combined with other morphemes,
either free or bound, to form a word.
19. Affixes are of two types: inflectional affixes and __________
affixes.
20. ________ affixes are added to an existing form to create words.
21..Modern linguistics is __________ in the sense that the linguist
tries to discover what language is rather than lay down some rules
for people to observe.
general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of
__________ over writing.
description of a language as it changes through time is a
__________ study.
24. Saussure put forward two important concepts. __________ refers
to the abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech
community.
25. Linguistic potential is similar to Saussure’s langue and
Chomsky’s __________.
26. A ______ is added to the end of stems to modify the meaning of
the original word and it may case change its part of speech.
27. __________ is the combination of two or sometimes more than
two words to create new words.
28. The rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of
stem to form a new word are called m___________ rules.
29. In terms of morphemic analysis, _______________ can be
viewed as the addition of affixes to stems to form new words.
30. A ______ can be a bound root, a free morpheme, or a derived
form itself to which a derivational affix can be added.