2024年3月13日发(作者：尉婉清)
1、
外文原文
A: Fundamentals of Single-chip Microcomputer
Th e si ng le
- c hi p mic
ro co mput er
i s t he
c ul mi na ti on
of
both
t h e
de ve lo pmen t o
f t
he d
ig it
al
co
mpu te r
an d
th
e i
n te gr at ed
c i rc
ui t a
rg ua bl
y t h e to
w mos t
s ig ni
f ic
an t
i nv en ti
on s
of
t he
20th
c e nt
ur y
[1 ].
Th es e t
ow ty pe s of ar
ch it
ec tu re
a re fo
un d i
n s in
gle
-ch
i p
mi cr oc ompu te
r.
So me em pl
oy
t
he spl
i t pr
og ra m/ da ta
memory
o f th
e
Ha rv ar d
ar ch it
ect
ure ,
sh own
in
Fi
g.3
- 5A- 1,
o th
ers
fo
ll
ow t
he
ph il
os op hy ,
wi del
y a
da pt
ed f
or
ge
ner al
- pur po se
co
mpu te rs
a nd
mi cr op ro
ce ss or s,
o f
maki
ng n o
log
i ca l
di
st
in
ct
ion
be tw ee n
pr og ra m an d d at a memory
a s i
n t he P r in
ce to
n ar
ch ite
c tu re , sh own
i n F ig.3
-5
A- 2.
In
g
en er al
te
r ms a
s
in gl e - chi
p m ic
ro co mput
er
i s
c h ar ac te
ri
ze d by t he i nc or po ra ti
on
of a ll
t he un it
s
of
a co mputer
i n to
a s
in gl
e
d ev i ce ,
as s ho wn in
Fi
g3 - 5A- 3.
Program
memory
Input&
Output
CPU
unit
Data
memory
Fig.3-5A-1
A Harvard type
Input&
CPU Output unit
Fig.3-5A-2.
A conventional Princeton computer
External
Timing
components
System
clock
Timer/
Counter
Serial I/O
Reset
ROM
Prarallel
I/O
RAM
Interrupts
CPU
Power
Fig3-5A-3. Principal features of a microcomputer
Read only memory (ROM)
.R OMi
s us
ua ll y f
or th
e p erm an ent,
no n- vo la
ti
le
s
tor
age
o f
an a
pp lic
ati
on s
pr og ra m . Man y
mi cr oc ompu te
rs
an d m ar
e in
te nd e d f
or
hi
gh -v ol
ume a ppl ic
at ions
an d
he nc e
t he
eco nomic
al
m an uf act
ure
o f
th e
de vic
es
re qu ir
es
t h at
t he co nt en t s
of t he pr og ra m memor y b e co mmit
t ed pe rm ane ntly
du ri
ng t
he m an ufa
c tu
re
o
f
ch ip
s .
Cl ea rl
y,
t
hi
s i
mpl
ie
s
a
r i go ro us
a pp ro ach
to
R OMc od e de
ve l op ment
s in ce ch ang es
c an not
be mad e af te r
manu f ac tu re
. Th is
d ev elo
pmen t pr
oc ess
ma y in
vo lv e
emul
at io
n
us in
g a
so ph is
ti
ca te
d d
eve lo
pmen t
sy ste
m w it
h
a
ha rd
ware
e
mula
tio
n c
ap ab il
it
y
as
wel
l
as
t
he u
se
o f
po werf
ul
s o ft
ware
t
oo ls.
Some m an uf
act
ure rs
p ro vi
de ad d it
io na l
ROM opt
i on s
by
i n cl
ud in
g i
n th
eir
r ange d ev ic
es
wi
t h (
or i
nt en de d f
or u
se
wit
h)
us er
p ro
gr
ammable
memory.
Th e
sim
ple
st
o f
th es e i
s u su al
ly
de vi
ce w hi ch c an o per at e in
a
mi cro
pro ce ss or
mod e b
y u si
ng s ome
of t
he i
np ut
/o utp
ut
li
ne s
as
a
n a
ddr es s
an d
da ta
b us
f
or
ac ce ss in
g
ex te rna
l m emor y.
T hi
s
t
y pe o f
de vi
ce
ca
n b
eh av e
2
2024年3月13日发(作者：尉婉清)
1、
外文原文
A: Fundamentals of Single-chip Microcomputer
Th e si ng le
- c hi p mic
ro co mput er
i s t he
c ul mi na ti on
of
both
t h e
de ve lo pmen t o
f t
he d
ig it
al
co
mpu te r
an d
th
e i
n te gr at ed
c i rc
ui t a
rg ua bl
y t h e to
w mos t
s ig ni
f ic
an t
i nv en ti
on s
of
t he
20th
c e nt
ur y
[1 ].
Th es e t
ow ty pe s of ar
ch it
ec tu re
a re fo
un d i
n s in
gle
-ch
i p
mi cr oc ompu te
r.
So me em pl
oy
t
he spl
i t pr
og ra m/ da ta
memory
o f th
e
Ha rv ar d
ar ch it
ect
ure ,
sh own
in
Fi
g.3
- 5A- 1,
o th
ers
fo
ll
ow t
he
ph il
os op hy ,
wi del
y a
da pt
ed f
or
ge
ner al
- pur po se
co
mpu te rs
a nd
mi cr op ro
ce ss or s,
o f
maki
ng n o
log
i ca l
di
st
in
ct
ion
be tw ee n
pr og ra m an d d at a memory
a s i
n t he P r in
ce to
n ar
ch ite
c tu re , sh own
i n F ig.3
-5
A- 2.
In
g
en er al
te
r ms a
s
in gl e - chi
p m ic
ro co mput
er
i s
c h ar ac te
ri
ze d by t he i nc or po ra ti
on
of a ll
t he un it
s
of
a co mputer
i n to
a s
in gl
e
d ev i ce ,
as s ho wn in
Fi
g3 - 5A- 3.
Program
memory
Input&
Output
CPU
unit
Data
memory
Fig.3-5A-1
A Harvard type
Input&
CPU Output unit
Fig.3-5A-2.
A conventional Princeton computer
External
Timing
components
System
clock
Timer/
Counter
Serial I/O
Reset
ROM
Prarallel
I/O
RAM
Interrupts
CPU
Power
Fig3-5A-3. Principal features of a microcomputer
Read only memory (ROM)
.R OMi
s us
ua ll y f
or th
e p erm an ent,
no n- vo la
ti
le
s
tor
age
o f
an a
pp lic
ati
on s
pr og ra m . Man y
mi cr oc ompu te
rs
an d m ar
e in
te nd e d f
or
hi
gh -v ol
ume a ppl ic
at ions
an d
he nc e
t he
eco nomic
al
m an uf act
ure
o f
th e
de vic
es
re qu ir
es
t h at
t he co nt en t s
of t he pr og ra m memor y b e co mmit
t ed pe rm ane ntly
du ri
ng t
he m an ufa
c tu
re
o
f
ch ip
s .
Cl ea rl
y,
t
hi
s i
mpl
ie
s
a
r i go ro us
a pp ro ach
to
R OMc od e de
ve l op ment
s in ce ch ang es
c an not
be mad e af te r
manu f ac tu re
. Th is
d ev elo
pmen t pr
oc ess
ma y in
vo lv e
emul
at io
n
us in
g a
so ph is
ti
ca te
d d
eve lo
pmen t
sy ste
m w it
h
a
ha rd
ware
e
mula
tio
n c
ap ab il
it
y
as
wel
l
as
t
he u
se
o f
po werf
ul
s o ft
ware
t
oo ls.
Some m an uf
act
ure rs
p ro vi
de ad d it
io na l
ROM opt
i on s
by
i n cl
ud in
g i
n th
eir
r ange d ev ic
es
wi
t h (
or i
nt en de d f
or u
se
wit
h)
us er
p ro
gr
ammable
memory.
Th e
sim
ple
st
o f
th es e i
s u su al
ly
de vi
ce w hi ch c an o per at e in
a
mi cro
pro ce ss or
mod e b
y u si
ng s ome
of t
he i
np ut
/o utp
ut
li
ne s
as
a
n a
ddr es s
an d
da ta
b us
f
or
ac ce ss in
g
ex te rna
l m emor y.
T hi
s
t
y pe o f
de vi
ce
ca
n b
eh av e
2