2024年3月23日发(作者：麴博敏)
Apr.05
Nanocrystalline soft magnetic material
FINEMET
®
FINEMET
®
, this name derives from the
combination of “FINE” and “METAL”,
which indicates the material’s features of
being formed with fine crystal grains and
having excellent magnetic properties.
FINEMET
®
is a registered trademark
of Hitachi Metals, Ltd.
Metglas
®
is a registered trademark
of Metglas
®
, Inc.
This brochure describes characteristics of
FINEMET
®
and
gives examples of applications made of
FINEMET
®
FINEMET
®
Nanocrystalline Fe-based Soft Magnetic Material with
High Saturation Flux Density and Low Core Loss
FINEMET
®
is the product of
The best solution for energy saving, electromagnetic noise reduction and size reduction.
Superior to Conventional Material
Relationship between relative permeability and
saturation flux density of various soft magnetic materials
10
6
Features
1) Satisfy both high saturation magnetic
flux density and high permeability
High saturation magnetic flux density comparable to
Fe-based amorphous metal. High permeability com-
parable to Co-based amorphous metal.
f=1 kHz
R
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
p
e
r
m
e
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
µ
r
10
5
Co based amorphous
FINEMET
®
The limit of the
conventional
special material
2) Low core loss
1/5th the core loss of Fe based amorphous metal and
approximately the same core loss as Co-based amor-
phous metal.
Permalloy
10
4
Mn-Zn ferrite
Fe-Al-Si
Fe based amorphous
Si-steel
10
3
3) Low magnetostriction
Less affected by mechanical stress. Very low audio
noise emission.
4) Excellent temperature characteristics and
small aging effects
Small permeability variation (less than ±10%) at a
2.50.00.51.01.52.0
Saturation flux density B
s
(T)
temperature range of -50
°
C~150
°
C. Unlike Co-based
amorphous metals, aging effects are very small.
5) Excellent high frequency characteristics
High permeability and low core loss over wide fre-
quency range, which is equivalent to Co-based amor-
phous metal.
B-H Curve Control for FINEMET
®
FINEMET
®
core’s magnetic properties, “B-H curve” can
be controlled by applying a magnetic field during anneal-
ing. There are three types of B-H curves. 1) H type: a
magnetic field is applied in a circumferential direction
during annealing. 2) M type: no magnetic field is applied
during annealing. 3) L type: a magnetic field is applied
vertically to the core plane during annealing.
6) Flexibility to control magnetic properties“B-H
curve shape”during annealing
Three types of B-H curve squareness, high, middle
and low remanence ratio, corresponding to various
applications.
Examples of DC B-H curve
B(T)
1.0
H
max
=800 A/m
H
max
=8 A/m
B(T)
1.0
H
max
=800 A/m
H
max
=8 A/m
B(T)
1.0
H
max
=800 A/m
H
max
=8 A/m
H
0
H Type
(FT-3H)
0
H
M Type
(FT-3M)
0
L Type
(
FT-3L)
H
H, M or L implies B-H
squareness
What is FINEMET
®
?
The precursor of FINEMET
®
is amorphous ribbon
(non-crystalline) obtained by rapid quenching at
one million
°
C/second from the molten metal con-
sisting of Fe, Si, B and small amounts of Cu and
Nb. These crystallized alloys have grains which are
extremely uniform and small, “about ten nanome-
ters in size”. Amorphous metals which contain cer-
tain alloy elements show superior soft magnetic
2
properties through crystallization. It was commonly
known that the characteristics of soft magnetic ma-
terials are “larger crystal grains yield better soft
magnetic properties”. Contrary to this common be-
lief, soft magnetic material consisting of a small,
“nano-order”, crystal grains have excellent soft
magnetic properties.
For safety and the proper usage, you are requested to approve our product specifications or to transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
This catalog and its contents are subject to change without notice.
Hitachi Metals Ltd. produces various types of soft magnetic materials, such as Permalloy,
soft ferrite, amorphous metal, and FINEMET
®
, and we use these materials in our product’s
applications. We continually improve our material technology and develop new applications
by taking advantage of the unique characteristics these materials provide. FINEMET
®
is a
good example. It is our hope, FINEMET
®
will be the best solution for your application.
Features and typical applications of FINEMET
®
Advantages of FINEMET
®
Energy saving Volume reduction High performance Noise reduction High frequency use
EMI filters
Common mode chokes
Magnetic shielding sheets
Electromagnetic wave absorbers
Current sensors
Magnetic sensors
Magnetic amplifier
Pulsed power cores
Surge absorbers
High voltage pulse transformers
High frequency power transformers
Active filters
Smoothing choke coils
Accelerator cavity
High permeability
High squareness
Low magnetstriction
Excellent
temperature
characteristics
Low core loss
High saturation
flux density
Features of
FINEMET
®
Rapid
quenching
Electromagnetic and
electro circuit designing
Picture of FINEMET
®
through a transmission
electron microscope
Electromagnetic
Nano structure
circuit designing
control
Annealing
Measurement
Technology
For safety and the proper usage, you are requested to approve our product specifications or to transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
This catalog and its contents are subject to change without notice.
3
Major Application of FINEMET
Volume reduction with high permeability
®
The followings are examples of FINEMET
®
application by taking advantage of high
Common Mode Chokes
for *EMI filters
FINEMET
®
has higher impedance permeabili-
ty
(µ
rz
) and much smaller temperature de-
pendence of permeability over a wider fre-
quency range than Mn-Zn ferrite.
Consequently, the volume of FINEMET
®
core
can be reduced to 1/2 the size of a Mn-Zn fer-
rite core while maintaining the same perfor-
mance at operating temperature of 0
°
C~100
°
C.
Also, it has approximately three times higher
saturation flux density than Mn-Zn ferrite and
as a result it is hardly saturated by pulse
noise.
10
5
140
º
C
100
º
C
60
º
C
20
º
C
0
º
C
-20
º
C
-40
º
C
I
m
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
p
e
r
m
e
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
µ
r
z
FINEMET
®
10
4
(FT-1M)µ
rz
10
3
*EMI: Electro Magnetic Interference
10
2
0
10
Mn-Znferriteµ
rz
140
C
100
º
C
60
º
C
20
º
C
0
º
C
-20
º
C
-40
º
C
º
10
1
10
2
Frequency(kHz)
10
3
10
4
High voltage surge suppression with high saturation flux density
FINEMET
®
Beads
FINEMET
®
Beads are made of FINEMET
®
FT-3M material. As below table
describes, the saturation magnetic flux density is twice as high as that of Co-
based amorphous metal and Ni-Zn ferrite, and the pulse permeability and the
core loss are comparable to Co-based amorphous metal. Because of the high
curie temperature (570
º
C), FINEMET
®
Beads shows excellent performance at
high temperature. These cores are suitable for suppression of reverse recovery
current from the diode and ringing or surge current from switching circuit.
Comparison of magnetic and physical properties among FT-3M and conventional materials
Material
FT-3M
*
Saturation flux density B
s
(T)
*
Squareness ratio B
r
/B
s
*
Coercive force H
c
(A/m)
20C
100
º
C
20
º
C
100
º
C
20
º
C
100
º
C
º
**
Pulse permeability µ
rp
**
Core loss P
cv
(J/m
3
)
Curie temperature T
c
(
º
C)
Saturation magnetostriction
s
(X10
-6
)
Electrical resisitivity (µΩ
•
m)
Density d (kg/m
3
)
1.23
1.20
0.50
0.48
2.5
2.7
3,500
7.5
570
~
–
0
1.2
7.3X10
3
Co-based amorphous
0.60
0.53
0.80
0.78
0.30
0.29
4,500
6.0
210
~
–
0
1.3
7.7X10
3
Ni-Zn ferrite
0.38
0.29
0.71
0.60
30
20
500
7.0
200
- 7.8
1X10
12
5.2X10
3
*: DC magnetic properties at 800A/m **: Pulse width 0.1 µs, operating magnetic flux density B=0.2T
4
For safety and the proper usage, you are requested to approve our product specifications or to transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
This catalog and its contents are subject to change without notice.
Size reduction with low core loss
High Frequency Power Transformer
The core loss of FINEMET
®
(FT-3M) cut core
has less than 1/5th the core loss of Fe based
amorphous metal and Mn-Zn ferrite, and less
than 1/10th the core loss of silicon steel at
10kHz, Bm=0.2T. FINEMET
®
has significant-
ly lower core loss and thus makes it possible
to reduce the size of the core for high fre-
quency power transformer. Also, the magne-
-7
tostriction of FT-3M is 10 order and, as a re-
sult, cores made from this material will make
very little audible noise when compared to
cut cores made from Fe based amorphous
metal and silicon steel.
10
2
3% Si-Steel(t=0.05mm)
10
1
C
o
r
e
l
o
s
s
P
c
m
(
W
/
k
g
)
6.5% Si-Steel(t=0.05mm)
10
0
10
-1
FINEMET
®
(FT-3M)
Mn-Zn ferrite
Fe based amorphous
10
-2
10
-3
10
-2
10
-1
Flux density B
m
(T)
10
0
Size reduction and lower core loss
Pulsed Power Cores
FINEMET
®
pulsed power cores use a thin ceramic insulation which
has a high break down voltage. FINEMET
®
pulsed power cores are
suitable for saturable cores and step-up pulse transformer cores that
are used in high voltage pulsed power supplies for Excimer lasers and
accelerators, and for cavity cores used in induction linacs and RF
accelerators.
Comparison of core materials applied in saturable cores for magnetic pulse compression circuit
Core material
Insulation
FINEMET
®
FT-3H
Ceramic
1.54
710
~
–
1
8
1
1
Fe-based
amorphous metal
Co-based
amorphous metal
Ni-Zn ferrite
–
0.65
70
~
–
3
160
16.8
1.66
PET film
2.04
1680
~
–
1.3
40
0.74
1.75
PET film
0.78
180
~
–
1
8
3.95
1.0
Effective induction swing K
•
B
m
(T)
Half-cycle core loss Pc (J/m)
3
Relative permeability at saturation range µ
r
(
sat
)
Reset magnetizing force H
(
reset
)
(A/m)
Volume ratio of saturable cores
Total core loss ratio of saturable cores
Pulse duration compression ratio: 5.0 (input pulse duration 0.5µs, output pulse duration0.1µs)
K: Packing factor B
m
: Maximum operation flux density
For safety and the proper usage, you are requested to approve our product specifications or to transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
This catalog and its contents are subject to change without notice.
5
Manufacturing Process and Microstructure of FINEMET
®
Overview of manufacturing process, crystallization process and annealing conditions
Manufacturing Process of FINEMET
®
A below diagram shows the process for the creation
of amorphous ribbon for FINEMET
®
and a typical FI-
NEMET
®
core. The amorphous ribbon is the precursor
material of FINEMET
®
. This ribbon, “which is about 18
µm in thickness”, is cast by rapid quenching, called
“single roll method”, then the amorphous ribbon is
wound into a toroidal core. Finally, the heat treatment is
applied to the core for crystallization in order to obtain
excellent soft magnetic properties of FINEMET
®
.
FINEMET
®
core
Annealing
Single roll method
Amorphous
metal ribbon
Thickness: ~18 µm
t
Ribbon winding
(Configuration)
Casting
Rapid
quenching
Core
Nano
crystallization
grain size: ~10nm
Apply rapid quenching to high temperature melt con-
sists of Fe, as a main phase, Si, B, Cu and Nb.
Crystallization Process of FINEMET
®
Amorphous metal as a starting point, Amorphous Cu-
rich area the nucleation of bcc Fe from Cu bcc
Fe(-Si) shows the crystallization process. At the final
stage of this crystallization process, the grain growth is
suppressed by the stabilized remaining amorphous
phase at the grain boundaries. This stabilization occurs
because the crystallization temperature of the remaining
Cu-rich area
(Cu cluster)
amorphous phase rises and it becomes more stable
through the enrichment of Nb and B. Synergistic ef-
fects of Cu addition, “which causes the nucleation of
bcc Fe” and Nb addition, “which suppresses the grain
growth” creates a uniform and very fine nanocrystalline
microstructure.
fcc Cu
bcc Fe-(Si)
fcc Cu
bcc Fe-(Si)
Crystallization
Amorphous
Amorphous
Amorphous phase
(Nb, B-rich area)
(High T
x
)
The early stage of
crystallization
Remaining amorphous phase
(Nb, B-rich area)
FINEMET
®
after
proper annealing
Rapidly quenched
amorphous phase
The early stage of
annealing
6
For safety and the proper usage, you are requested to approve our product specifications or to transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
This catalog and its contents are subject to change without notice.
Annealing Conditions
The diagram shows the typical annealing conditions for M type.
This process requires proper heat treatment conditions according to the desired magnetic properties.
Example of annealing for M type
Heat treatment in inert gas atmosphere (N
2
or Ar)
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
500~570
°
C
Air cooling or
furnance cooling
100~
200
°
C
1~2h
0.5~3h
Time
Room
temperature
Microstructure of FINEMET
®
A below picture shows the microstructure of FINEMET
®
through a transmission
electron microscope.
FINEMET
®
consists of ultra fine crystal grains of 10nm order. Main phase is bcc
Fe(-Si) and remaining amorphous phase around the crystal grains.
Microstructure of FINEMET
®
20nm
For safety and the proper usage, you are requested to approve our product specifications or to transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
This catalog and its contents are subject to change without notice.
7
Basic Properties
Grain Size and Coersive Force of Soft Magnetic Materials
In the conventional soft magnetic materials,
“whose grain size is far larger than 1µm”, it was
well known that soft magnetic properties become
worse and coercive force increases when crystal
grain size becomes smaller. For example, coercive
force is thought to be inversely proportional to D.
Therefore, main efforts to improve the soft magnet-
ic properties were directed to make the crystal
grain size larger and/or to make the magnetic do-
main size smaller by annealing and working.
However, FINEMET
®
demonstrated a new phenom-
enon; reduction of grain size, “to a nano-meter lev-
el”, improves the soft magnetic properties drastically.
In this nano-world, the coercive force is directly pro-
portional to D on the order of D
2
to D
6
. This is abso-
lutely contrary to the conventional concepts for im-
proving the soft magnetic properties.
10
7
10
6
C
o
e
r
s
i
v
e
f
o
r
c
e
H
c
(
A
/
m
)
10
5
10
4
10
3
10
2
10
1
10
0
10
-1
Relationship between crystal grain diameter (D)
and coercive force (H
c
)
Si-steel
Permalloy
Fe-Al-Si
FINEMET
®
D
2
~
6
D
-1
D=5~30nm
10
0
10
1
10
2
10
3
10
4
Grain diameter D (nm)
D >1µm
10
5
10
6
Physical Properties
The table shows physical properties of two
types of heat-treated FINEMET
®
materials.
FINEMET
®
has resistivity as high as amor-
phous metals, and has much lower magnetos-
triction and about 570
°
C higher Curie tempera-
ture than Fe-based amorphous metal.
FT-3 is the improved version of FT-1, whose
saturation magnetostriction constant of 10
-7
Material
FT-1
FT-3
Physical properties of FINEMET
®
materials
Density
(X10
3
kg/m
3
)
7.4
7.3
Resisitivity
(µΩ
•
m)
1.1
1.2
Saturation
magnetostriction
(X10
-6
)
+ 2.3
~
–
0
Curie
temperature
(
°
C)
~ 570
~ 570
*FT-1 and FT-3 describes material property (chemical composition).
Standard Magnetic Characteristics
Material
FT-1H
FT-1M
FT-3H
FINEMET
®
FT-3M
FT-3L
Fe based amorphous
Co-based high permeability amorphous metal
Co-based high squareness amorphous metal
3%Si-steel
6.5%Si-steel
50%Ni Permalloy
80% Ni high permeability Permalloy
80% Ni high squareness Permalloy
Mn-Zn high permeability ferrite
Mn-Zn low core loss ferrite
25
18
18
50
50
25
25
25
–
–
18
Thickness
(µm)
18
B
s
(T)
1.35
1.35
1.23
1.23
1.23
1.56
0.55
0.60
1.90
1.30
1.50
0.74
0.74
0.44
0.49
B
r
/B
s
(%)
90
60
89
50
5
83
5
85
85
63
95
55
80
23
29
Magnetic properties of FINEMET
®
and
conventional materials (Non-cut toroidal core)
H
c
(A/m)
0.8
1.3
0.6
2.5
0.6
2.4
0.3
0.3
6.0
45.0
12.0
0.5
2.4
8.0
12.0
µ
r
(1kHz)
(X10
3
)
5.0
70.0
30.0
70.0
50.0
5.0
115.0
30.0
2.7
1.2
–
50.0
–
5.3
2.4
µ
r
(100kHz)
(X10
3
)
1.5
15.0
5.0
15.0
16.0
5.0
18.0
10.0
0.8
0.8
–
5.0
–
5.3
2.4
P
cv
(kW/m
3
)
950
350
600
300
250
2200
280
460
8400
5800
3400
1000
1200
1200
680
+ 27
~
–
0
~
–
0
- 0.8
- 0.1
+ 25
~
–
0
~
–
0
- 0.6
- 0.6
415
180
210
750
700
500
460
460
>150
>200
~
–
0
~ 570
s
(X10
-
6
)
+ 2.3
T
c
(
°
C)
~ 570
*Note1: B
s
,
B
r
/B
s
,
H
c
: DC magnetic properties (H
m
=800A/m, 25
°
C), µ
r(1kHz)
: relative permeability (1kHz, H
m
=0.05A/m, 25
°
C)
µ
r(100kHz)
: relative permeability (1kHz, H
m
=0.05A/m, 25
°
C), P
cv
: core loss (100kHz, B
m
=0.2T, 25
°
C),
s
: Saturation magnetostriction,
T
c
: Curie temperature
*Note2: Above properties are taken measurement by Hitachi Metals Ltd.
8
For safety and the proper usage, you are requested to approve our product specifications or to transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
This catalog and its contents are subject to change without notice.
Frequency Characteristics
Frequency Dependence of
Relative Permeability
The graph shows frequency de-
pendence of relative permeability
for FT-3M (medium square ratio of
BH curve), Co-based amorphous
metal, Fe-based amorphous metal
and Mn-Zn ferrite. FT-3M has
much higher permeability than Fe
based amorphous metals and Mn-
Zn ferrite, and has permeability as
high as Co-based amorphous met-
als over a wide frequency range.
R
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
p
e
r
m
e
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
µ
r
Characteristics of FINEMET
®
10
5
FT-3M
Co based amorphous
Mn-Znferrite
10
4
Fe based amorphous
10
3
10
2
10
0
10
1
10
2
Frequency(kHz)
10
3
10
4
Frequency Dependence of
Relative Permeability
(After resin molding)
R
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
p
e
r
m
e
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
µ
r
10
5
The graph shows frequency de-
pendence of relative permeability
for resin molded FT-1M and FT-3M.
FT-3M and Co-based amorphous
cores show small permeability deg-
radation after the resin molding due
to their small magnetostriction.
Co based amorphous
10
4
FT-1M
FT-3M
Fe based amorphous
10
3
10
2
10
0
10
1
10
2
Frequency(kHz)
10
3
10
4
Complex Relative Permeability
and
Impedance Relative Permeability
The graph shows real part (µ
r
’) and
imagi-nary part (µ
r
”) of the complex
relative permeability and the impe-
dance re-lative permeability (µ
rz
) for
FT-1M material. µ
r
” becomes larger
than µ
r
’ 50kHz.
Relationship between µ
rz
, µ’ and µ’’
is
10
5
Impedance relative permeabilityµ
rz
10
4
µ
r
z
,
µ
r
’
,
µ
r
”
Imaginary part of complex relative permeability (µ
r
”)
10
3
Real part of complex relative permeability (µ
r
’)
µ
rz
= µ
r
’
2
+ µ
r
”
2
10
2
10
0
10
1
10
2
Frequency(kHz)
10
3
10
4
For safety and the proper usage, you are requested to approve our product specifications or to transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
This catalog and its contents are subject to change without notice.
9
Core Loss
Frequency Dependence of
Core Loss
(Before resin molding)
The graph shows frequency de-
pendence of core loss for non-
resin molded cores made of FT-
1M, FT-3M, Fe-based amorphous
metal, Co-based amorphous met-
al and Mn-Zn ferrite.
FT-1M and FT-3M cores show
lower core loss than Mn-Zn ferrite
and Fe-based cores, and have
the same core loss as Co-based
amorphous core.
10
4
B
m
= 0.2T
C
o
r
e
l
o
s
s
P
c
v
(
k
W
/
m
3
)
Fe based amorphous
10
3
Mn-Zn ferrite
FT-3M
10
2
Co based amorphous
FT-1M
10
1
1
1010
2
Frequency(kHz)
10
3
Frequency Dependence of
Core Loss
(After resin molding)
The graph shows frequency de-
pendence of core loss for the res-
in molded cores made of FT-3M
and FT-1M. FT-3M core shows
stable core loss over wide fre-
quency range with lower core loss
than ferrite cores and have the
same core loss as Co- based
amorphous core.
*Note: Data may vary depending on
resin and/or molding conditions
C
o
r
e
l
o
s
s
P
c
v
(
k
W
/
m
3
)
10
4
B
m
= 0.2T
Fe based amorphous
10
3
FT-1M
Co based amorphous
10
2
Mn-Zn ferrite
FT-3M
10
1
10
1
10
2
Frequency(kHz)
10
3
B
m
Dependence of Core Loss
The graph shows B
m
depend-
ence of core loss for FT-3H,
3M and 3L at 20kHz. FT-3M
and 3L show lower core loss
than FT-3H. As B
m
becomes
higher, core loss difference
among those materials be-
comes smaller.
10
3
f=20kHz
FT-3H
C
o
r
e
l
o
s
s
P
c
v
(
k
W
/
m
3
)
10
2
FT-3M
1
FT-3L
10
10
0
0.050.1
Flux density B
m
(
T)
1.0
10
For safety and the proper usage, you are requested to approve our product specifications or to transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
This catalog and its contents are subject to change without notice.
Temperature Characteristics
Characteristics of FINEMET
®
Temperature Dependence of Saturation Flux Density
The graph shows temperature de-
pendence of saturation flux density
(B
s
) for FT-1 and FT-3. Both FT-1
and FT-3 have very small tempera-
ture dependence of saturation flux
density. The decreasing rate of sat-
uration flux density is less than 10%
at range from 25
°
C to 150
°
C.
*Note: This data shows value of annealed
(crystallized) material.
Because B
s
value for H type, M type
and L type are same, the data does
not describes BH type.
1.5
S
a
t
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
f
l
u
x
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
B
s
(
T
)
1.4
FT-1
1.3
FT-3
1.2
1.1
020406080
Temperature(
°
C)
1
Temperature Dependence
of Relative Permeability
R
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
p
e
r
m
e
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
µ
r
(
X
1
0
4
)
10
f=10 kHz
8
FT-1M
The graph shows temperature de-
pendence of relative permeability at
10kHz for FT-1M. The variation of
relative permeability is very small at
a temperature range from 0
°
C to
150
°
C, “which is within ±10% of the
average value”.
6
4
2
0
°
Temperature(C)
120140160
Aging Effect on
Relative Permeability
R
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
p
e
r
m
e
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
µ
r
(
X
1
0
4
)
12
f=1kHz
10
FT-1M
8
Co based amorphous
6
Temperature:100
°
C
The graph shows aging effects at
100
°
C on relative permeability at
1kHz for FT-1M and Co-based
amorphous metal. The relative per-
meability of Co-based amorphous
metal decrease rapidly as the aging
time increasing, however FT-1M is
quite stable.
4
2
0
0
10
1
10
2
Time(h)
10
3
10
4
For safety and the proper usage, you are requested to approve our product specifications or to transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
This catalog and its contents are subject to change without notice.
11
NOTICE OF DISCLAIMER
Information in this brochure does not grant patent right, copyright or intellectual property rights
of Hitachi Metals or that of third parties. Hitachi Metals disclaims all liability arising out using
information in this brochure for any case of patent right, copyright or intellectual property
rights of third parties.
Do not duplicate in part or in its entirety this brochure without written permission from Hitachi
Metals Ltd.
This brochure and its contents are subject to change without notice; specific technical charac-
teristics are subject to consultation and agreement.
Please inquire about our handling manual for specific applications of FINEMET
®
, these man-
uals detail the exact guaranteed characteristics of FINEMET
®
for a specific application.
Soft Magnetic Materials Company Head Office
2-1 Shibaura 1-chome, Seavans North Bldg.
Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8614, Japan
Tel:+81-3-5765-4041 Fax: +81-3-5765-8313
Kansai Sales Office
5-29 Kitahama 3-chome, Nissei Yodoyabashi building
Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0041, Japan
Tel:+81-6-6203-9751 Fax:+81-6-6222-3414
Chubu-Tokai Sales Office
13-19 Nishiki 2-chome, Takisada building, Naka-ku
Nagoya-shi, Aichi, 460-0003, Japan
Tel:+81-52-220-7470 FAX:+81-52-220-7486
North America
Europe
440 Allied Drive Conway, SC 29526, U.S.A.
Tel:+1-843-349-7319 Fax:+1-843-349-6815
Immermannstrasse 14-16, 40210 Dusseldorf, Germany
Tel:+49-211-16009-18 Fax:+49-211-16009-60
South-East Asia
Hong Kong
12 Gul Avenue, Singapore 629656
Room 1107, 10F., West Wing
Tel:+65-6861-7711 Fax:+65-6861-9554
Tsim Sha Tsui Centre
66 Mody Road, Tsimshatsui East
Kowloon, Hong Kong
Tel:+852-2722-7680 Fax:+852-2722-7660
•
Above contact addresses are as of April 2005. The addresses are subject to
change without notice.
If you find difficulty contacting Hitachi Metals, please contact below:
•
Hitachi Metals Ltd. Corporate Communication Group .
Tel : +81-3-5765-4076 Fax : +81-3-5765-8312
E-mail : hmcc@
brochure No. HL-FM10-C
Printed in April 2005
(T-FT
3
)
2024年3月23日发(作者：麴博敏)
Apr.05
Nanocrystalline soft magnetic material
FINEMET
®
FINEMET
®
, this name derives from the
combination of “FINE” and “METAL”,
which indicates the material’s features of
being formed with fine crystal grains and
having excellent magnetic properties.
FINEMET
®
is a registered trademark
of Hitachi Metals, Ltd.
Metglas
®
is a registered trademark
of Metglas
®
, Inc.
This brochure describes characteristics of
FINEMET
®
and
gives examples of applications made of
FINEMET
®
FINEMET
®
Nanocrystalline Fe-based Soft Magnetic Material with
High Saturation Flux Density and Low Core Loss
FINEMET
®
is the product of
The best solution for energy saving, electromagnetic noise reduction and size reduction.
Superior to Conventional Material
Relationship between relative permeability and
saturation flux density of various soft magnetic materials
10
6
Features
1) Satisfy both high saturation magnetic
flux density and high permeability
High saturation magnetic flux density comparable to
Fe-based amorphous metal. High permeability com-
parable to Co-based amorphous metal.
f=1 kHz
R
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
p
e
r
m
e
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
µ
r
10
5
Co based amorphous
FINEMET
®
The limit of the
conventional
special material
2) Low core loss
1/5th the core loss of Fe based amorphous metal and
approximately the same core loss as Co-based amor-
phous metal.
Permalloy
10
4
Mn-Zn ferrite
Fe-Al-Si
Fe based amorphous
Si-steel
10
3
3) Low magnetostriction
Less affected by mechanical stress. Very low audio
noise emission.
4) Excellent temperature characteristics and
small aging effects
Small permeability variation (less than ±10%) at a
2.50.00.51.01.52.0
Saturation flux density B
s
(T)
temperature range of -50
°
C~150
°
C. Unlike Co-based
amorphous metals, aging effects are very small.
5) Excellent high frequency characteristics
High permeability and low core loss over wide fre-
quency range, which is equivalent to Co-based amor-
phous metal.
B-H Curve Control for FINEMET
®
FINEMET
®
core’s magnetic properties, “B-H curve” can
be controlled by applying a magnetic field during anneal-
ing. There are three types of B-H curves. 1) H type: a
magnetic field is applied in a circumferential direction
during annealing. 2) M type: no magnetic field is applied
during annealing. 3) L type: a magnetic field is applied
vertically to the core plane during annealing.
6) Flexibility to control magnetic properties“B-H
curve shape”during annealing
Three types of B-H curve squareness, high, middle
and low remanence ratio, corresponding to various
applications.
Examples of DC B-H curve
B(T)
1.0
H
max
=800 A/m
H
max
=8 A/m
B(T)
1.0
H
max
=800 A/m
H
max
=8 A/m
B(T)
1.0
H
max
=800 A/m
H
max
=8 A/m
H
0
H Type
(FT-3H)
0
H
M Type
(FT-3M)
0
L Type
(
FT-3L)
H
H, M or L implies B-H
squareness
What is FINEMET
®
?
The precursor of FINEMET
®
is amorphous ribbon
(non-crystalline) obtained by rapid quenching at
one million
°
C/second from the molten metal con-
sisting of Fe, Si, B and small amounts of Cu and
Nb. These crystallized alloys have grains which are
extremely uniform and small, “about ten nanome-
ters in size”. Amorphous metals which contain cer-
tain alloy elements show superior soft magnetic
2
properties through crystallization. It was commonly
known that the characteristics of soft magnetic ma-
terials are “larger crystal grains yield better soft
magnetic properties”. Contrary to this common be-
lief, soft magnetic material consisting of a small,
“nano-order”, crystal grains have excellent soft
magnetic properties.
For safety and the proper usage, you are requested to approve our product specifications or to transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
This catalog and its contents are subject to change without notice.
Hitachi Metals Ltd. produces various types of soft magnetic materials, such as Permalloy,
soft ferrite, amorphous metal, and FINEMET
®
, and we use these materials in our product’s
applications. We continually improve our material technology and develop new applications
by taking advantage of the unique characteristics these materials provide. FINEMET
®
is a
good example. It is our hope, FINEMET
®
will be the best solution for your application.
Features and typical applications of FINEMET
®
Advantages of FINEMET
®
Energy saving Volume reduction High performance Noise reduction High frequency use
EMI filters
Common mode chokes
Magnetic shielding sheets
Electromagnetic wave absorbers
Current sensors
Magnetic sensors
Magnetic amplifier
Pulsed power cores
Surge absorbers
High voltage pulse transformers
High frequency power transformers
Active filters
Smoothing choke coils
Accelerator cavity
High permeability
High squareness
Low magnetstriction
Excellent
temperature
characteristics
Low core loss
High saturation
flux density
Features of
FINEMET
®
Rapid
quenching
Electromagnetic and
electro circuit designing
Picture of FINEMET
®
through a transmission
electron microscope
Electromagnetic
Nano structure
circuit designing
control
Annealing
Measurement
Technology
For safety and the proper usage, you are requested to approve our product specifications or to transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
This catalog and its contents are subject to change without notice.
3
Major Application of FINEMET
Volume reduction with high permeability
®
The followings are examples of FINEMET
®
application by taking advantage of high
Common Mode Chokes
for *EMI filters
FINEMET
®
has higher impedance permeabili-
ty
(µ
rz
) and much smaller temperature de-
pendence of permeability over a wider fre-
quency range than Mn-Zn ferrite.
Consequently, the volume of FINEMET
®
core
can be reduced to 1/2 the size of a Mn-Zn fer-
rite core while maintaining the same perfor-
mance at operating temperature of 0
°
C~100
°
C.
Also, it has approximately three times higher
saturation flux density than Mn-Zn ferrite and
as a result it is hardly saturated by pulse
noise.
10
5
140
º
C
100
º
C
60
º
C
20
º
C
0
º
C
-20
º
C
-40
º
C
I
m
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
p
e
r
m
e
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
µ
r
z
FINEMET
®
10
4
(FT-1M)µ
rz
10
3
*EMI: Electro Magnetic Interference
10
2
0
10
Mn-Znferriteµ
rz
140
C
100
º
C
60
º
C
20
º
C
0
º
C
-20
º
C
-40
º
C
º
10
1
10
2
Frequency(kHz)
10
3
10
4
High voltage surge suppression with high saturation flux density
FINEMET
®
Beads
FINEMET
®
Beads are made of FINEMET
®
FT-3M material. As below table
describes, the saturation magnetic flux density is twice as high as that of Co-
based amorphous metal and Ni-Zn ferrite, and the pulse permeability and the
core loss are comparable to Co-based amorphous metal. Because of the high
curie temperature (570
º
C), FINEMET
®
Beads shows excellent performance at
high temperature. These cores are suitable for suppression of reverse recovery
current from the diode and ringing or surge current from switching circuit.
Comparison of magnetic and physical properties among FT-3M and conventional materials
Material
FT-3M
*
Saturation flux density B
s
(T)
*
Squareness ratio B
r
/B
s
*
Coercive force H
c
(A/m)
20C
100
º
C
20
º
C
100
º
C
20
º
C
100
º
C
º
**
Pulse permeability µ
rp
**
Core loss P
cv
(J/m
3
)
Curie temperature T
c
(
º
C)
Saturation magnetostriction
s
(X10
-6
)
Electrical resisitivity (µΩ
•
m)
Density d (kg/m
3
)
1.23
1.20
0.50
0.48
2.5
2.7
3,500
7.5
570
~
–
0
1.2
7.3X10
3
Co-based amorphous
0.60
0.53
0.80
0.78
0.30
0.29
4,500
6.0
210
~
–
0
1.3
7.7X10
3
Ni-Zn ferrite
0.38
0.29
0.71
0.60
30
20
500
7.0
200
- 7.8
1X10
12
5.2X10
3
*: DC magnetic properties at 800A/m **: Pulse width 0.1 µs, operating magnetic flux density B=0.2T
4
For safety and the proper usage, you are requested to approve our product specifications or to transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
This catalog and its contents are subject to change without notice.
Size reduction with low core loss
High Frequency Power Transformer
The core loss of FINEMET
®
(FT-3M) cut core
has less than 1/5th the core loss of Fe based
amorphous metal and Mn-Zn ferrite, and less
than 1/10th the core loss of silicon steel at
10kHz, Bm=0.2T. FINEMET
®
has significant-
ly lower core loss and thus makes it possible
to reduce the size of the core for high fre-
quency power transformer. Also, the magne-
-7
tostriction of FT-3M is 10 order and, as a re-
sult, cores made from this material will make
very little audible noise when compared to
cut cores made from Fe based amorphous
metal and silicon steel.
10
2
3% Si-Steel(t=0.05mm)
10
1
C
o
r
e
l
o
s
s
P
c
m
(
W
/
k
g
)
6.5% Si-Steel(t=0.05mm)
10
0
10
-1
FINEMET
®
(FT-3M)
Mn-Zn ferrite
Fe based amorphous
10
-2
10
-3
10
-2
10
-1
Flux density B
m
(T)
10
0
Size reduction and lower core loss
Pulsed Power Cores
FINEMET
®
pulsed power cores use a thin ceramic insulation which
has a high break down voltage. FINEMET
®
pulsed power cores are
suitable for saturable cores and step-up pulse transformer cores that
are used in high voltage pulsed power supplies for Excimer lasers and
accelerators, and for cavity cores used in induction linacs and RF
accelerators.
Comparison of core materials applied in saturable cores for magnetic pulse compression circuit
Core material
Insulation
FINEMET
®
FT-3H
Ceramic
1.54
710
~
–
1
8
1
1
Fe-based
amorphous metal
Co-based
amorphous metal
Ni-Zn ferrite
–
0.65
70
~
–
3
160
16.8
1.66
PET film
2.04
1680
~
–
1.3
40
0.74
1.75
PET film
0.78
180
~
–
1
8
3.95
1.0
Effective induction swing K
•
B
m
(T)
Half-cycle core loss Pc (J/m)
3
Relative permeability at saturation range µ
r
(
sat
)
Reset magnetizing force H
(
reset
)
(A/m)
Volume ratio of saturable cores
Total core loss ratio of saturable cores
Pulse duration compression ratio: 5.0 (input pulse duration 0.5µs, output pulse duration0.1µs)
K: Packing factor B
m
: Maximum operation flux density
For safety and the proper usage, you are requested to approve our product specifications or to transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
This catalog and its contents are subject to change without notice.
5
Manufacturing Process and Microstructure of FINEMET
®
Overview of manufacturing process, crystallization process and annealing conditions
Manufacturing Process of FINEMET
®
A below diagram shows the process for the creation
of amorphous ribbon for FINEMET
®
and a typical FI-
NEMET
®
core. The amorphous ribbon is the precursor
material of FINEMET
®
. This ribbon, “which is about 18
µm in thickness”, is cast by rapid quenching, called
“single roll method”, then the amorphous ribbon is
wound into a toroidal core. Finally, the heat treatment is
applied to the core for crystallization in order to obtain
excellent soft magnetic properties of FINEMET
®
.
FINEMET
®
core
Annealing
Single roll method
Amorphous
metal ribbon
Thickness: ~18 µm
t
Ribbon winding
(Configuration)
Casting
Rapid
quenching
Core
Nano
crystallization
grain size: ~10nm
Apply rapid quenching to high temperature melt con-
sists of Fe, as a main phase, Si, B, Cu and Nb.
Crystallization Process of FINEMET
®
Amorphous metal as a starting point, Amorphous Cu-
rich area the nucleation of bcc Fe from Cu bcc
Fe(-Si) shows the crystallization process. At the final
stage of this crystallization process, the grain growth is
suppressed by the stabilized remaining amorphous
phase at the grain boundaries. This stabilization occurs
because the crystallization temperature of the remaining
Cu-rich area
(Cu cluster)
amorphous phase rises and it becomes more stable
through the enrichment of Nb and B. Synergistic ef-
fects of Cu addition, “which causes the nucleation of
bcc Fe” and Nb addition, “which suppresses the grain
growth” creates a uniform and very fine nanocrystalline
microstructure.
fcc Cu
bcc Fe-(Si)
fcc Cu
bcc Fe-(Si)
Crystallization
Amorphous
Amorphous
Amorphous phase
(Nb, B-rich area)
(High T
x
)
The early stage of
crystallization
Remaining amorphous phase
(Nb, B-rich area)
FINEMET
®
after
proper annealing
Rapidly quenched
amorphous phase
The early stage of
annealing
6
For safety and the proper usage, you are requested to approve our product specifications or to transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
This catalog and its contents are subject to change without notice.
Annealing Conditions
The diagram shows the typical annealing conditions for M type.
This process requires proper heat treatment conditions according to the desired magnetic properties.
Example of annealing for M type
Heat treatment in inert gas atmosphere (N
2
or Ar)
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
500~570
°
C
Air cooling or
furnance cooling
100~
200
°
C
1~2h
0.5~3h
Time
Room
temperature
Microstructure of FINEMET
®
A below picture shows the microstructure of FINEMET
®
through a transmission
electron microscope.
FINEMET
®
consists of ultra fine crystal grains of 10nm order. Main phase is bcc
Fe(-Si) and remaining amorphous phase around the crystal grains.
Microstructure of FINEMET
®
20nm
For safety and the proper usage, you are requested to approve our product specifications or to transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
This catalog and its contents are subject to change without notice.
7
Basic Properties
Grain Size and Coersive Force of Soft Magnetic Materials
In the conventional soft magnetic materials,
“whose grain size is far larger than 1µm”, it was
well known that soft magnetic properties become
worse and coercive force increases when crystal
grain size becomes smaller. For example, coercive
force is thought to be inversely proportional to D.
Therefore, main efforts to improve the soft magnet-
ic properties were directed to make the crystal
grain size larger and/or to make the magnetic do-
main size smaller by annealing and working.
However, FINEMET
®
demonstrated a new phenom-
enon; reduction of grain size, “to a nano-meter lev-
el”, improves the soft magnetic properties drastically.
In this nano-world, the coercive force is directly pro-
portional to D on the order of D
2
to D
6
. This is abso-
lutely contrary to the conventional concepts for im-
proving the soft magnetic properties.
10
7
10
6
C
o
e
r
s
i
v
e
f
o
r
c
e
H
c
(
A
/
m
)
10
5
10
4
10
3
10
2
10
1
10
0
10
-1
Relationship between crystal grain diameter (D)
and coercive force (H
c
)
Si-steel
Permalloy
Fe-Al-Si
FINEMET
®
D
2
~
6
D
-1
D=5~30nm
10
0
10
1
10
2
10
3
10
4
Grain diameter D (nm)
D >1µm
10
5
10
6
Physical Properties
The table shows physical properties of two
types of heat-treated FINEMET
®
materials.
FINEMET
®
has resistivity as high as amor-
phous metals, and has much lower magnetos-
triction and about 570
°
C higher Curie tempera-
ture than Fe-based amorphous metal.
FT-3 is the improved version of FT-1, whose
saturation magnetostriction constant of 10
-7
Material
FT-1
FT-3
Physical properties of FINEMET
®
materials
Density
(X10
3
kg/m
3
)
7.4
7.3
Resisitivity
(µΩ
•
m)
1.1
1.2
Saturation
magnetostriction
(X10
-6
)
+ 2.3
~
–
0
Curie
temperature
(
°
C)
~ 570
~ 570
*FT-1 and FT-3 describes material property (chemical composition).
Standard Magnetic Characteristics
Material
FT-1H
FT-1M
FT-3H
FINEMET
®
FT-3M
FT-3L
Fe based amorphous
Co-based high permeability amorphous metal
Co-based high squareness amorphous metal
3%Si-steel
6.5%Si-steel
50%Ni Permalloy
80% Ni high permeability Permalloy
80% Ni high squareness Permalloy
Mn-Zn high permeability ferrite
Mn-Zn low core loss ferrite
25
18
18
50
50
25
25
25
–
–
18
Thickness
(µm)
18
B
s
(T)
1.35
1.35
1.23
1.23
1.23
1.56
0.55
0.60
1.90
1.30
1.50
0.74
0.74
0.44
0.49
B
r
/B
s
(%)
90
60
89
50
5
83
5
85
85
63
95
55
80
23
29
Magnetic properties of FINEMET
®
and
conventional materials (Non-cut toroidal core)
H
c
(A/m)
0.8
1.3
0.6
2.5
0.6
2.4
0.3
0.3
6.0
45.0
12.0
0.5
2.4
8.0
12.0
µ
r
(1kHz)
(X10
3
)
5.0
70.0
30.0
70.0
50.0
5.0
115.0
30.0
2.7
1.2
–
50.0
–
5.3
2.4
µ
r
(100kHz)
(X10
3
)
1.5
15.0
5.0
15.0
16.0
5.0
18.0
10.0
0.8
0.8
–
5.0
–
5.3
2.4
P
cv
(kW/m
3
)
950
350
600
300
250
2200
280
460
8400
5800
3400
1000
1200
1200
680
+ 27
~
–
0
~
–
0
- 0.8
- 0.1
+ 25
~
–
0
~
–
0
- 0.6
- 0.6
415
180
210
750
700
500
460
460
>150
>200
~
–
0
~ 570
s
(X10
-
6
)
+ 2.3
T
c
(
°
C)
~ 570
*Note1: B
s
,
B
r
/B
s
,
H
c
: DC magnetic properties (H
m
=800A/m, 25
°
C), µ
r(1kHz)
: relative permeability (1kHz, H
m
=0.05A/m, 25
°
C)
µ
r(100kHz)
: relative permeability (1kHz, H
m
=0.05A/m, 25
°
C), P
cv
: core loss (100kHz, B
m
=0.2T, 25
°
C),
s
: Saturation magnetostriction,
T
c
: Curie temperature
*Note2: Above properties are taken measurement by Hitachi Metals Ltd.
8
For safety and the proper usage, you are requested to approve our product specifications or to transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
This catalog and its contents are subject to change without notice.
Frequency Characteristics
Frequency Dependence of
Relative Permeability
The graph shows frequency de-
pendence of relative permeability
for FT-3M (medium square ratio of
BH curve), Co-based amorphous
metal, Fe-based amorphous metal
and Mn-Zn ferrite. FT-3M has
much higher permeability than Fe
based amorphous metals and Mn-
Zn ferrite, and has permeability as
high as Co-based amorphous met-
als over a wide frequency range.
R
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
p
e
r
m
e
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
µ
r
Characteristics of FINEMET
®
10
5
FT-3M
Co based amorphous
Mn-Znferrite
10
4
Fe based amorphous
10
3
10
2
10
0
10
1
10
2
Frequency(kHz)
10
3
10
4
Frequency Dependence of
Relative Permeability
(After resin molding)
R
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
p
e
r
m
e
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
µ
r
10
5
The graph shows frequency de-
pendence of relative permeability
for resin molded FT-1M and FT-3M.
FT-3M and Co-based amorphous
cores show small permeability deg-
radation after the resin molding due
to their small magnetostriction.
Co based amorphous
10
4
FT-1M
FT-3M
Fe based amorphous
10
3
10
2
10
0
10
1
10
2
Frequency(kHz)
10
3
10
4
Complex Relative Permeability
and
Impedance Relative Permeability
The graph shows real part (µ
r
’) and
imagi-nary part (µ
r
”) of the complex
relative permeability and the impe-
dance re-lative permeability (µ
rz
) for
FT-1M material. µ
r
” becomes larger
than µ
r
’ 50kHz.
Relationship between µ
rz
, µ’ and µ’’
is
10
5
Impedance relative permeabilityµ
rz
10
4
µ
r
z
,
µ
r
’
,
µ
r
”
Imaginary part of complex relative permeability (µ
r
”)
10
3
Real part of complex relative permeability (µ
r
’)
µ
rz
= µ
r
’
2
+ µ
r
”
2
10
2
10
0
10
1
10
2
Frequency(kHz)
10
3
10
4
For safety and the proper usage, you are requested to approve our product specifications or to transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
This catalog and its contents are subject to change without notice.
9
Core Loss
Frequency Dependence of
Core Loss
(Before resin molding)
The graph shows frequency de-
pendence of core loss for non-
resin molded cores made of FT-
1M, FT-3M, Fe-based amorphous
metal, Co-based amorphous met-
al and Mn-Zn ferrite.
FT-1M and FT-3M cores show
lower core loss than Mn-Zn ferrite
and Fe-based cores, and have
the same core loss as Co-based
amorphous core.
10
4
B
m
= 0.2T
C
o
r
e
l
o
s
s
P
c
v
(
k
W
/
m
3
)
Fe based amorphous
10
3
Mn-Zn ferrite
FT-3M
10
2
Co based amorphous
FT-1M
10
1
1
1010
2
Frequency(kHz)
10
3
Frequency Dependence of
Core Loss
(After resin molding)
The graph shows frequency de-
pendence of core loss for the res-
in molded cores made of FT-3M
and FT-1M. FT-3M core shows
stable core loss over wide fre-
quency range with lower core loss
than ferrite cores and have the
same core loss as Co- based
amorphous core.
*Note: Data may vary depending on
resin and/or molding conditions
C
o
r
e
l
o
s
s
P
c
v
(
k
W
/
m
3
)
10
4
B
m
= 0.2T
Fe based amorphous
10
3
FT-1M
Co based amorphous
10
2
Mn-Zn ferrite
FT-3M
10
1
10
1
10
2
Frequency(kHz)
10
3
B
m
Dependence of Core Loss
The graph shows B
m
depend-
ence of core loss for FT-3H,
3M and 3L at 20kHz. FT-3M
and 3L show lower core loss
than FT-3H. As B
m
becomes
higher, core loss difference
among those materials be-
comes smaller.
10
3
f=20kHz
FT-3H
C
o
r
e
l
o
s
s
P
c
v
(
k
W
/
m
3
)
10
2
FT-3M
1
FT-3L
10
10
0
0.050.1
Flux density B
m
(
T)
1.0
10
For safety and the proper usage, you are requested to approve our product specifications or to transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
This catalog and its contents are subject to change without notice.
Temperature Characteristics
Characteristics of FINEMET
®
Temperature Dependence of Saturation Flux Density
The graph shows temperature de-
pendence of saturation flux density
(B
s
) for FT-1 and FT-3. Both FT-1
and FT-3 have very small tempera-
ture dependence of saturation flux
density. The decreasing rate of sat-
uration flux density is less than 10%
at range from 25
°
C to 150
°
C.
*Note: This data shows value of annealed
(crystallized) material.
Because B
s
value for H type, M type
and L type are same, the data does
not describes BH type.
1.5
S
a
t
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
f
l
u
x
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
B
s
(
T
)
1.4
FT-1
1.3
FT-3
1.2
1.1
020406080
Temperature(
°
C)
1
Temperature Dependence
of Relative Permeability
R
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
p
e
r
m
e
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
µ
r
(
X
1
0
4
)
10
f=10 kHz
8
FT-1M
The graph shows temperature de-
pendence of relative permeability at
10kHz for FT-1M. The variation of
relative permeability is very small at
a temperature range from 0
°
C to
150
°
C, “which is within ±10% of the
average value”.
6
4
2
0
°
Temperature(C)
120140160
Aging Effect on
Relative Permeability
R
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
p
e
r
m
e
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
µ
r
(
X
1
0
4
)
12
f=1kHz
10
FT-1M
8
Co based amorphous
6
Temperature:100
°
C
The graph shows aging effects at
100
°
C on relative permeability at
1kHz for FT-1M and Co-based
amorphous metal. The relative per-
meability of Co-based amorphous
metal decrease rapidly as the aging
time increasing, however FT-1M is
quite stable.
4
2
0
0
10
1
10
2
Time(h)
10
3
10
4
For safety and the proper usage, you are requested to approve our product specifications or to transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
This catalog and its contents are subject to change without notice.
11
NOTICE OF DISCLAIMER
Information in this brochure does not grant patent right, copyright or intellectual property rights
of Hitachi Metals or that of third parties. Hitachi Metals disclaims all liability arising out using
information in this brochure for any case of patent right, copyright or intellectual property
rights of third parties.
Do not duplicate in part or in its entirety this brochure without written permission from Hitachi
Metals Ltd.
This brochure and its contents are subject to change without notice; specific technical charac-
teristics are subject to consultation and agreement.
Please inquire about our handling manual for specific applications of FINEMET
®
, these man-
uals detail the exact guaranteed characteristics of FINEMET
®
for a specific application.
Soft Magnetic Materials Company Head Office
2-1 Shibaura 1-chome, Seavans North Bldg.
Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8614, Japan
Tel:+81-3-5765-4041 Fax: +81-3-5765-8313
Kansai Sales Office
5-29 Kitahama 3-chome, Nissei Yodoyabashi building
Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0041, Japan
Tel:+81-6-6203-9751 Fax:+81-6-6222-3414
Chubu-Tokai Sales Office
13-19 Nishiki 2-chome, Takisada building, Naka-ku
Nagoya-shi, Aichi, 460-0003, Japan
Tel:+81-52-220-7470 FAX:+81-52-220-7486
North America
Europe
440 Allied Drive Conway, SC 29526, U.S.A.
Tel:+1-843-349-7319 Fax:+1-843-349-6815
Immermannstrasse 14-16, 40210 Dusseldorf, Germany
Tel:+49-211-16009-18 Fax:+49-211-16009-60
South-East Asia
Hong Kong
12 Gul Avenue, Singapore 629656
Room 1107, 10F., West Wing
Tel:+65-6861-7711 Fax:+65-6861-9554
Tsim Sha Tsui Centre
66 Mody Road, Tsimshatsui East
Kowloon, Hong Kong
Tel:+852-2722-7680 Fax:+852-2722-7660
•
Above contact addresses are as of April 2005. The addresses are subject to
change without notice.
If you find difficulty contacting Hitachi Metals, please contact below:
•
Hitachi Metals Ltd. Corporate Communication Group .
Tel : +81-3-5765-4076 Fax : +81-3-5765-8312
E-mail : hmcc@
brochure No. HL-FM10-C
Printed in April 2005
(T-FT
3
)