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2024年3月27日发(作者：次岚霏)

考研英语-889

(总分100,考试时间90分钟)

Section Ⅰ Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C

or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.

Valentine's Day **e from the ancient Roman feast of Luperealia. (1) the fierce wolves roamed

nearby, the old Romans called (2) the god Lupereus to help them. A festival in his (3) was

held February 15th. On the eve of the festival the (4) of the girls were written on (5) paper

and placed in jars. Each young man (6) a slip. The girl whose name was (7) was to be his

sweetheart for the year.

Legend (8) it that the holiday became Valentine's Day (9) a roman priest named Valentine.

Emperor Claudius II (10) the Roman soldiers not to marry or become engaged. Claudius felt

married soldiers would (11) stay home than fight. When Valentine (12) the Emperor and

secretly married the young couples, he was put to death on February 14th, the (13) of

Lupercalia. After his death, Valentine became a (14) . Christian priests moved the holiday from

the 15th to the 14th---Valentine's Day. Now the holiday honors Valentine (15) of Lupercus.

Valentine's Day has become a major (16) of love and romance in the modem world. The

ancient god Cupid and his (17) into a lover's heart may still be used to (18) falling in love or

being in love. But we also use cards and gifts, such as flowers Or jewelry, to do this. (19) to

give flower to a wife or sweetheart on Valentine's Day can sometimes be as (20) as forgetting a

birthday or a wedding anniversary.

A. While B. when

C. Though D. Unless

A. upon B. back

C. off D. away

A. honor B. belief

C. hand D. way

A. problems B. secrets

C. names D. intentions

A. rolls B. piles

C. works D. slips

A. cast B. caught

C. drew D. found

A. given B. chosen

C. elected D. delivered

A. tells B. means

C. makes D. has

A. after B. since

C. as D. from

10.

A. ordered B. pleaded

C. envisioned D. believed

11.

A. other B. simply

C. rather D. all

12.

A. disliked B. defied

C. defeated D. dishonored

13.

A. celebration B. arrangement

C. feast D. eve

14.

A. goat B. saint

C. model D. weapon

15.

A. because B. made

C. instead D. learnt

16.

A. part B. representative

C. judgment D. symbol

17.

A. story B. wander

C. arrow D. play

18.

A. portray B. require

C. demand D. alert

19.

A. Keeping B. Disapproving

C. Supporting D. Forgetting

20.

A. constructive B. damaging

C. reinforcing D. retorting

Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.

Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.

Text 1

The author of some forty novels, a number of plays, volumes of verse, historical, critical and

autobiographical works, an editor and translator, Jack Lindsay is clearly an extraordinarily prolific

writer--a fact which can easily obscure his very real distinction in some of the areas into which he

bas ventured. His co editorship of Vision in Sydney in the early 1920's, for example, is still felt to

have introduced a significant period in Australian culture, while his study of Kickens written in

1950 is highly regarded. But of all his work it is probably the novel to which he has made his most

significant contribution.

Since 1936 when, to use his own words in Fanfrolico and after, he "reached bedrock", Lindsay

bas maintained a consistent Marxist viewpoint--and it is this viewpoint which if nothing else has

guaranteed his novels a minor but certainly not negligible place in modern British literature.

Feeling that "the historical novel is a form that bas a limitless future as a fighting weapon and as a

cultural instrument" (New Masses, January 1937), Lindsay first attempted to formulate his

Marxist convictions in fiction mainly set in the past: particularly in his trilogy in English

novels--1949 (dealing with the Digger and Leveller movements), Lost Birthright (the Wilkesite

agitations), and Men of Forth-Eight (written in 1939, the Chartist and revolutionary uprisings in

Europe). Basically these works set out, with most success in the first volume, to vivify the

historical traditions behind English Socialism and attempted to demonstrate that it stood, in

Lindsay's words, for the "**pletion of the national destiny." Although the war years saw the

virtual disintegration of the left-wing writing movement of the 1930s, Lindsay himself carried on:

delving into contemporary affairs in We Shall Return and Beyond Terror, novels in which the

epithets formerly reserved for the evil capitalists or Franco's soldiers have been transferred rather

crudely to the German troops. After the war, Lindsay continued to write mainly about the

present--trying with varying degrees of success to come to terms with the unradical political

realities of post-war England. In the series of novels known collectively as The British Way, and

beginning with Betrayed Spring in 1953, it seemed at first as if his solution was simply to resort to

more and more obvious authorial manipulation and heavy-banded didacticism. Fortunately,

however, from Revolt of the Sons, this process was reversed, as Lindsay began to show an

increasing tendency to ignore party solutions, to fail indeed to give anything but the most

elementary political consciousness to his characters, so that in his latest (and what appears to be

his last) contemporary novel, Choice of Times, his hero, Colin, ends on a note of desperation:

"Everything must be different, I can't live this way any longer. But how can I change it, how?" To

his credit as an artist, Lindsay doesn't give him any explicit answer.

21. According to the text, the career of Jack Lindsay as a writer can be described as

A. inventive. B. productive

C. reflective. D. inductive.

22. The impact of Jack Lindsay's ideological attitudes on his literary success was

A. utterly negative.

B. obviously positive.

C. limited but indivisible.

D. obscure in net effect.

23. According to the second paragraph, Jack Lindsay firmly believes in

A. the gloomy destiny of his own country.

B. the function of literature as a weapon.

C. his responsibility as an English man

D. his extraordinary position in literature.

24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that

A. the radical writers were greatly influenced by the war.

B. Jack Lindsay was less and less popular in England.

C. Jack Lindsay focused exclusively on domestic affairs.

D. the war led to the ultimate union of all English authors.

25. According to the text, the speech at the end of the text

A. demonstrates the author's own view of life.

B. shows the **ments on Jack Lindsay.

C. offer the author's opinion on Jack Lindsay.

D. indicates Jack Lindsay's change of attitude.

Text 2

In studying both the recurrence of special habits or ideas in several districts, and their prevalence

within each district, **e before us ever-repeated proofs of regular causation producing the

phenomena of human life, and of laws of maintenance and diffusion conditions of society, at

definite stages of culture. But, while giving full importance to the evidence bearing on these

standard conditions of society, let us be careful to avoid a pitfall which may entrap the unwary

student. Of course the opinions and habits belonging in common to masses of mankind are to a

great extent the results of sound judgment and practical wisdom. But to a great extent it is not so.

That many numerous societies of men should have believed in the influence of the evil eye and the

existence of a firmament, should have sacrificed slaves and goods to the ghosts of the departed,

should have handed down traditions of giants slaying monsters and men turning into beast--all this

is ground for holding that such ideas were indeed produced in men's minds by efficient causes, but

it is not ground for holding that the rites in question are profitable, the beliefs sound, and the

history authentic. This may seem at the first glance a truism, but, in fact, it is the denial of a

fallacy which deeply affects the minds of all but a small critical minority of mankind. Popularly,

what everybody says must be true, what everybody does must be right--"Quod ubique, quod

semper, quod ab omnibus creditum est, hoc est vere proprieque Catholicum' --and m forth. There

are various topics, especially in history, law, philosophy, and theology, where even the educated

people we live among can hardly be brought to see that the cause why men do hold an opinion, or

practise a custom, is by no means necessarily a reason why they ought to do so. Now collections

of ethnographic evidence bringing so prominently into view the agreement of immense multitudes

of men as to certain traditions, beliefs, and usages, are peculiarly liable to be thus improperly used

in direct defense of these institutions themselves, even old barbaric nations being polled to

maintain their opinions against what are called modern ideas. As it has more than once happened

to myself to find my collections of traditions and beliefs thus set up to prove their own objective

truth, without proper examination of the grounds on which they were actually received, I take this

occasion of remarking that the same line of argument will serve equally well to demonstrate, by

the strong and wide consent of nations, that the earth is flat, and nightmare the visit of a demon.

26. The author's attitude towards the phenomena mentioned at the beginning of the text is

one of

A. skepticism. B. approval.

C. indifference. D. disgust.

27. By "But to a great extent it is not so" (Lines 6--7) the author implies that

A. most people are just followers of new ideas.

B. even sound minds **mit silly errors.

C. the popularly supported may be erroneous.

D. nobody is immune to the influence of errors.

28. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the statement "There are various.., to do so"

(Lines 14-- 17)?

A. Principles like history and philosophy are hard to deal with.

B. People like to see what other people do for their own model.

C. The educated are more susceptible to errors in their daily life.

D. That everyone does the same may not prove they are all right.

29. Which of the following would the author probably suggest?

A. Support not the most supported,

B. Deny everything others believe.

C. Throw all tradition into trashcan.

D. Keep your eyes open all the time.

30. The author develops his writing mainly by means of

A. reasoning. B. examples.

C. comparisons. D. quotations.

Text 3

The provision of positive incentives to work in the new society will not be an easy task. But the

most difficult task of all is to devise the ultimate and final sanction to replace the ultimate sanction

of hunger--the economic whip of the old dispensation. Moreover, in a society which rightly rejects

the pretence of separating economies from politics and denies the autonomy of the economic order,

that sanction can be found only in some conscious act of society. We can no longer ask the

invisible hand to do our dirty work for us.

I confess that I am less horror-struck than some people at the prospect, which seems to me

unavoidable, of an ultimate power of what is called direction of labor resting in some arm of

society, whether in an organ of state or of trade unions. I should indeed be horrified if I identified

this prospect with a return to the conditions of the pre-capitalist era. The economic whip of

laissea-faire undoubtedly represented an advance on the serf-like conditions of that period: in that

relative sense, the claim of capitalism to have established for the first time a system of "free"

labour deserves respect But the direction of labour as exercised in Great Britain in the Second

World War seems to me to represent as great an advance over the economic whip of the heyday of

capitalist private enterprise as the economic whip represented over pre-capitalist serfdom, Much

depends on the effectiveness of the positive incentives, much, too, on the solidarity and

self-discipline of **munity. After all, under the system of laissea-faire capitalism the fear of

hunger remained an ultimate sanction rather than a continuously operative force. It would have

been intolerable if the worker had been normally driven to work by conscious fear of hunger; nor,

except in the early and worst days of the Industrial Revolution, did that normally happen.

Similarly in the society of the future the power of direction should be regarded not so much as an

instrument of daily used but rather as an ultimate sanction held in reserve where voluntary

methods fail It is inconceivable that, in any period or in any conditions that can now be foreseen,

any organ of state in Great Britain would be in a position, even if it had the will, to marshal and

deploy the labour force over the whole economy by military discipline like an army in the field.

This, like other nightmares of a totally planned economy, can be left to those who like to frighten

themselves and others with scarecrows.

31. The word "sanction" (Para. 1) is closest in meaning to

A. corrective measures.

B. encouraging methods.

C. preventive efforts.

D. revolutionary actions.

32. Which of the following is implied in the first paragraph?