2024年4月9日发(作者:豆惜蕊)
重读发音规律
英语单词重读规律浅探(ZT)发音规则主要是针对重读音节的,因此,
如何确定双音节词和多音节词的重读音节,就成了实现单词“见即能
读”的关键。
双音节词和多音节词中,哪一个音节重读,往往涉及词的构造,因此
有必要首先介绍一下主要的构词方法。
英语的构词方法很多,但主要有三种:(1)缀合法:通过前缀或后缀
构成另一个词。例如:luck(运气)→lucky(幸运的),unlucky(不
幸的)。(2)转化法:由一个词类转化为另一个词类。例如:water
(n.水)→water(v.浇水)。(3)合成法:由两个或更多个的词合
成为一个词。例如:book+bag→bookbag(书包);mother+in+
law→mother-in-law(岳母,婆婆)。
二、双音节词的重读规律
(一)双音节词重读的一般倾向
1.双音节动词倾向于第二个音节重读。例如:absorb(吸收),behave
(举止),forget(忘记),receive(接收)。
2.动词以外的双音节词,倾向于第一个音节重读。例如:custom(n.习
惯),distant(adj.遥远的),second(num.第二),many(pron.许
多),often(adv.经常),into(prep.进入),after(conj.在……
之后)。
名词、形容词、副词的后缀,大都是非重读的,如:-er,-or,-
ess,-ism-tion-sion,-ssion-ment-ship-hood
-age
-ow
able
ful
-ure-dom-ey-ance-our
-ish
-ent
-ive
-ace
--ic(s)等名词后缀;-less
-ible-ic-some-like
-ous
-en-ed-al-ant,-
-ing-ty-ly等形容词后缀。-ly-ward(s),-wise
等副词后缀。这也进一步加重了这类词第一个音节重读的倾向。仅举
几例说明。名词:actor(演员),nation(国家);形容词:useful(有
用的),dirty(脏的);副词:really(真地);数词:twenty(二十)。
3.某些单词既可以作动词,又可以作名词或形容词。作动词时,第
二个音节重读;作名词或形容词时,第一个音节重读。这反映出两种
倾向的明显对比。例如:-rekord作动词“记录”解时读〔ri′k:d〕,
作名词“记录”解时读〔-rekd;present作动词“赠送”解时读
nt〕;absent作动词“缺席”
nt〕。
〔prizent〕,作名词“礼物”解时读〔′prez
解时读〔b′sent〕,作形容词“缺席的”解时读〔′bs
(二)影响双音节词重读倾向的构词因素
上述双音节动词倾向于第二个音节重读,而其他类的双音节词倾向于
第一个音节重读,但这并不意味着所有的双音节词都是如此。据统计,
90%的双音节动词都符合第二个音节重读倾向,而约60%的非动词
双音节词符合第一个音节重读倾向。
双音节词的重读还要受到单词结构的影响。
1.词缀的影响
①带有-en-er-,-ish,-le,-y,-ow等非重读后缀的动词,
第二个音节不重读,第一个音节重读。例如:happen(发生),open
(打开),finish(结束),struggle(奋斗),carry(携带),swallow
(吞咽),borrow(借来)。
②带有a-,be-,to-,ex-等前缀的副词、形容词、介词、连词
以及带有-ee和-self结尾的名词或代词,第一个音节不重读,第
二个音节重读。例如:abroad(adv.在国外),behind(prep.在……
后面),tonight(adv.今晚),except(prep.除……以外),payee
(收款人),myself(prep.我自己)。
③部分带有re-,ex-,un-,pre-,post-等前缀的双音节、带
-teen后缀、以及某些地名、国家名,两个音节都重读。例如:rewrite
(改写),ex-wife(前妻),unfair(不公平的),preview(预览),
postwar(战后的),Berlin(柏林),Chinese(中国的)等。
/English/art/
单词重音
A)双音节词
a)一般在第一个音节重读。letter, sorry
b)有 a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-,
dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前缀的词,第二个音节是重音。
a'bout, be'lieve, ad'dress, de'cide, re'port, con'demn, res'pect,
com'pare, in'form, dis'cuss, im'press, mis'take, en'force, pre'pare,
em'ploy, per'mit, es'cape, pro'duce, ex'claim,trans'late
c)有 de-, in-, re-, con-, pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关, 一般
名词的重音在第一个音节上,其它的词性在第二个音节上。'record,
re'cord; 'insult, in'sult; 'conduct, con'duct; 'present pre'sent; 'content,
con'tent
d)有些复合词和带有前缀 re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的词,有两个
重音。'out'side, 're'tell, 'well-'known, 'un'real, 'fif'teen, 'Chi'nese,
'pre-'war, 'post-'war
B)多音节词
a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。'difficult, 'communist, 'family,
e'conomy, oppor'tunity,de'mocracy.
b)有一些双音节词,加了前缀和后缀成了多音节,但这些词按原来词
根的重音读音。'carefully, in'definite, 'comfortable, con'ductor,
ac'cording, dis'turbance, 'complicated,es'tablishment,
c)词尾有-eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify, -ion,
-ious, -ity, ive 后缀的词,重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。
cour'teous, cal'ligraphy, edi'torial, his'torian, peri'odic, mathe'matics,
ex'perience,suf'ficient, i'dentify, trans'lation, re'ligious, curi'osity,
pro'tective
d)词尾有 -ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 后缀的词,重音在该后缀上,而
且有一个次重音。enter'tain, emplo'yee, mountai'neer, Japa'nese,
ciga'rette
2)句子重音
A) 英语的节奏:(轻)-轻-重-轻-(轻)或重-轻-(轻)(轻)重
B) 英语句子的长短:是由句子中的重读词的数目决定的,而不是象
汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定的。
C) 实词重读(副词重读),虚词轻读(冠词,单音节介词,单音节连
词,人称代词,反代词,物主代词,关系代词,相互代词,助动词,
情态动词和系动词be
D) 实词不重读的特殊情况
a) 实词第二次出现 He thinks of that as a child thinks.
b) 一个名词被第二个名词修饰 I met her in the railway station.
c) 代替词 Which book do you want? The small one.
d) 感叹词中的 what 和how What a good day it is! How beautiful
she is!
e) street 在专有名词中 Wangfujing Street.
f)this在这些短语中,this morning/afternoon/evening
E)虚词重读的特殊情况
a) 情态动词,助动词和系动词be在句首,句尾和否定时。Do you like
it? Yes, I do. Are you a doctor? Yes, I am. Can you help me? Yes, I
can. I don't like you. He isn't a worker.
b) 情态动词表示可能,惊奇和肯定时。They may come this evening.
Can it be five already? He must be in the room.
c) 介词在句首和句尾。In the box, he found a letter. He is the person
I talked with.
d) 引导复合句的连词在句首。If you wish, I'll visit you. When he
comes, I'll tell him.
e)反身代词表示强调。He couldn't come himself
2.字母发音规律
2. 英语26个字母和常见字母组合的一般发音规律:(要求熟记于心,
脱口而出)?总口诀:元音字母音多变,熟记规则也不难。辅音字母
显易单,见面就把音来念。字母组合固定音,千锤百炼习语感。遇见
生词找规律,划分音节顺口连,元音字母在中间,辅音字母两边站,
字母组合算一个,熟能生巧难亦简。?辅音字母发音小口诀:辅音字
母显易单,见面就把音来念。
b发[b], c发[k], ci(y) ce多发[s]; 例词:blue, table, Crisp, class,
picture,actor, pencil, bicycle, nice,
d发[d], f [f], g发[g] [dV], [V]少见; Sandy, dog, red, fly, coffee,green,
egg, orange, garage
h [h], j发[dV], k / l [k] [l]可分连; her, here, his, jeep, Japan,book, look,
blue, Klan class
m [m], n [n][N], p [p] q [k] r 发[r]; meet, am, no, green, thank,English,
pen, cap, quickly, Crisp,
s 最多[s]和[z], 趋唇[F] [V]也常见; sir, this, sit, is, his, whose,
please,sure[F], usually[V], pleasure
x 发音剪头端,[ks]多于[gz]面; six, pencil-box, excuse, exercise;
exam,(后接重读元音)
t 发[t], v 发[v], w 辅音[w]来念; teacher, it, very, voice, river,
with,swim, wash, which, white
最后一个字母z,发好[z]音才算完。zoo, zero, size, puzzle,
辅音字母一见发音表:
bcdfghjklmn
[b][k]cap[d][f][g]egg[h][dV][k][l][m][n]
[s]city [dV] [-l] [N]g/k
tablericebedcoffeeorangehighjeepbook bluemeetnose
bluebicycledogflygarbagehelloJapankeepballroompen
[V]garage table thank
pqrstvwx(y)z
[p][k][r][s]desk[t][v][w][ks][j]yes[z]
[-r][z]easy
[gz][ai]mypencilquickrose[V]usuallysitvoicewashbox[i]busyzoo
openquartersorrypleasureteacherinviteswimexamveryzero
teacher[F]surelittle quicklyfreeze
?常见辅音字母组合的发音口诀: 字母组合固定音,千锤百炼习语感。
wh发音 [h] 和 [w], th 常发 [W] 和 [T];
ch/tch多发 [tF], 有时发音 [F] 或 [k];
sh [F], ph [f], gh 不发或发 [f](词尾);
gedge 多发 [dV], ck 发 [k], kn [n];
ng 易发 [N] [Ng], qu发音 [kw] 和[k]。
wr 发卷趋 [r], 双写分节不分音。{ 动词或复数词尾s /es, 多发[s][z]/
和[iz]; ts [ts] ds[dz]}
例词:
wh发音 [h] 和 [w],
wh ---[ ] which, white, what, where, when, why [ ] whose, who,
whole {*whew [hw-]}
th 常发 [W] 和 [T];th --- [ ] this, that, the, they, with [ ] thank,three,
tooth, forth, eleventh
ch/tch多发 [tF], 有时发音 [F] 或 [k];
(t)ch ---[ ] chicken, chair, child, sandwich, catch, watch
chase(追赶,追击,追求),
[ ] ache, headache, chemist [ ] machine[mE`FEn], chaise [Feiz](带篷二轮
马车)
sh [F], ph [f], gh 不发或发 [f](词尾); sh ---[ ] shoe, ship, sheep,fish,
wash, ash
ph ---[ ] photo, telephone, phrase gh ---[ ] right, light,daughter [ ] laugh,
cough
gedge 多发 [dV], ck 发 [k], kn [n];(d)ge ---[ ] orange, page, bridge,
fridge, porridge(麦片粥,稀饭)
ck ---[ ] black, kick, lock, back
kn ---[ ] knife, know, knock, knee(膝盖), kneel(跪下), knit (编
织),knob(球形把手, 旋钮),
knack (诀窍), knight(骑士,武士; **《金山游侠》,金山公司出品的游
戏修改软件),
ng 易发 [N] [Ng], qu发音 [kw] 和[k]。ng ---[ ] sing, song, long, wing []
English, hungryqu ---[ ] quick, quite(相当,十分), quiet (安静的,平静
的), quarter, require,[ ] cheque(支票), unique(唯一,独有独特的),
technique(技巧),
wr 发卷趋 [r],
wr ---[ ] wrong, write, wrap(包,裹), wrist(手腕), wrest(拧,
扭),wrestle(摔跤), wring(绞,扭)
双写分节不分音:miss, apple, egg, sorry, yellow, umbrella {双写元音字
母:see,zoo, book}
ts/tes ---[ ] its tail(它的尾巴), two baskets /boats(两个篮子/小船), my
coats/shirts (我的上衣/衬衫), three hats(三顶帽子), five cats(五只猫),
many
streets(许多街道), two packets(两个包裹/两包..), some
presents/sweets(一些礼物/糖果), two biscuits (两块饼干), a box of
chocolates (一包巧克力糖),
ten minutes (十分钟), two gates (两扇大门), in my pockets (在我的口袋
里), two
lights /kites (两个灯 /风筝), two nests (两个鸟巢/窝), two tea-pots (两
个茶壶), some carrots (一些胡萝卜), What’s this? It’s a pen. sits,
ds/des---[ ] two birds, two hands, English words, their beds, their
heads, two blackboards, goods(商品/货物),
辅音连缀:pr ---[ ] practice, praise, pray, press, price, proud,
pl---[ ] please, play, plane, plan, place, plain, plenty (丰富, 大量),
pliers (钳子(如老虎钳,手钳,扁嘴钳等),镊子),
plod(沉重地走, 辛勤工作), plop (扑通落下), plum(李子), plug(插头,插
上),
br---[ ] brag(吹牛), brake (闸,刹车), brain, break, bread, breed (使)繁殖,
教养, 抚养), brown, bride(新娘),
bribe(贿赂, 向…行贿), brush
bl---[ ] black, bleed, blind, blouse, blood, blue,
cr-/kr---[ ] crab(螃蟹), cradle(摇篮), cream, crop, cricket([昆]蟋蟀,[运动]
板球) criticize(批评, 责备), cry,
cruel(残忍的), kraut(泡菜), Kremlin (克里姆林宫),
cl-/kl---[ ] class, claim((根据权利)要求得到, 认领, 声称, 主张, 需要)
clean, clear,
clock, close, click(发出滴答声,单击n.滴答声) , club(俱乐部, 夜总会,),
klaxon (高音喇叭/气笛, 电喇叭), Klan (=KuKlux Klan)三K党)
gr---[ ] grade, grass, grape, graceful(优雅的,温文尔雅),green, great,
grief(悲痛, 伤心事, 不幸, 忧伤), grin(露齿笑, 裂口笑), groan(呻吟
(着说), gruffly (说话或态度粗暴地, 粗声地, 生硬地)
gl---[ ] glass, glad, gleam (发微光, 使闪烁), glide(滑行,滑翔), globe(地
球仪),glove(手套), glue(胶水/胶合)
fr---[ ] France, French, free, fresh (新鲜的, 无经验的), frequent (频繁
的),
friend (朋友), fried, fry, frog (青蛙),
from(自,从),front (前面,前线,阵线), fruit (水果, 果实, 果类, 成果),
frustrated(感到灰心/失败的)
fl---[ ] flat, flag, flame(火焰,热情), flap (拍打, 鼓翼而飞, 飘动),
flares(喇叭裤), flash (闪光, 闪现, 一瞬间), flea(跳蚤), flee (逃跑, 逃
走), fleer (狞笑, 讥笑), flesh (肉,果肉), flinch (畏缩, 退缩,畏首畏尾),
floor (地板,楼层),
float (漂浮,浮舟,彩车), flood (洪水, 水灾, 淹没, 涌进,涌出) flour (面
粉), flow (流动,(河水)泛滥, 洋溢), flower(花) , flu (流感), fly (飞翔,飞
行),flub (做得不好, 弄糟), fluent (流利的, 流畅的),
sl---[ ] slave (奴隶), slander (诽谤), slaughter (屠宰, 残杀, 屠杀),
sleep(睡眠, 睡觉), sleet (下/雨加雪, 下冰雹),
sleeve (袖子), slice (薄片, 切片), slim (苗条的, 纤细的), slip (滑倒, 失
足), slogan(口号, 标语), slow(ly)(慢的/地), sly/ slily [slaili](狡猾的/地),
sm---[ ] small (小的, 少的), smart (聪明的, 漂亮的, 灵巧地, 时髦地),
smarty (=wiseguy自作聪明的人), smell
(气味, 臭味, //嗅, 闻到, 散发(...的)气味, 有(...的)气味), smile ((~ at)
微笑), smog(烟雾), smoke (n.烟, 烟尘, 烟幕//v.抽烟, 吸烟vi.冒烟),
smuggle (n.走私, 偷带v.走私),
sn---[ ] snow, snake, snack (吃)快餐/小吃)), snail (蜗牛), snap (猛咬),
sneer (冷笑,轻蔑的笑), sneeze (打/ 喷嚏),
snob /snobling (势利的年轻人, 势利小人),
sk---[ ] skate, skating, skirt, ski (=skee滑雪), skim (掠过, 滑过, 浏览),
skin (皮肤, 兽皮, 皮毛), skint (身无分文的, 穷光蛋的), skip (跳, 蹦,
跳读), sky-blue (天蓝色的, 淡蓝色, 蔚蓝色)
sp---[ ] space (空间, 间隔, 距离, 空地, 余地), spade (铲, 铁锹), Spain
(西班牙),
spare (多余的, 剩下的/分让给),
spell, speak (说话, 谈话, 发言, 演讲, 说明事实, 表示意见,操(某种语
言)), spear ([spiE]矛,枪), specific ([spi`sifik]特效药, 详细而精确的, 明
确的), spice (香料, 调味品,情趣), spider (蜘蛛), sport(运动,运动会),
spume [spju:m](n.泡沫v.(使)起泡沫), spumous(adj.起泡沫的, 泡沫状
的), spur[spE:](n.踢马剌, 剌激物v.鞭策), sputter[`spQtE](.说话
急快/唾沫飞溅/飞溅出/喷溅声), sputum [spju:tEm](唾液, 痰), spy(特
工, 间谍, 侦探,//秘密侦察),
st---[ ] stand, stamp (邮票, 跺(脚), 顿(足)), stage (舞台,戏剧,举行), star
(星,恒星, 明星, 名角), start (动身,开始,着手惊动,惊起,起动,发动),
staff (棒, 杖, 杆, 支柱, 全体职员), stadium (露天运动场/体育场),
step, steep(陡峭的), stick (棍, 棒, 手杖/粘住, 粘贴), stop, student,
stupid (愚蠢的, 麻木的), stupidity (蠢事,糊涂事), stutter (口吃, 结结巴
巴的说), style(风格, 时尚, 文体),
sw---[ ] swab ([swCb]n.拖把, 药签,vt. 拭抹, 擦洗), swag(摇晃, 水潭,
垂花饰),
swear(宣誓, 发誓), sweat(n/v.(使)出汗),
sweater(厚运动衫, 毛线衫), sweep(扫, 打扫, 清扫, 席卷, 冲光),
sweepup(n.大扫除),
sweet(甜的, 可受的, 美好的, 芳香的/n. 糖果),swim (swam,swum),
swing (swang,
swung,秋千, 摇摆, 摆动), swicky([美]威士忌酒), swig(n/v.痛饮, 大喝
特喝(尤指从瓶口喝的)),
swiftly(迅速地, 敏捷地), swindle (sb of…骗走某人的), swob(拖把, 海
棉),
swobble(大口地吃), swoon(vi.昏晕, 昏厥惊讶, 酣睡n.狂喜, 陶醉),
swoop(n.突然下降,猛扑vt攫取vi.飞扑, 突然袭击), sword(剑),
swot(at../ for../up;vi.用功读书vt.用功学习n.苦读的人, 辛苦的工作),
dw---[ ] dwarf ([dwC:f]n.矮子, 侏儒v.(使)变矮小), dwell(at../in...居住
停留于;on../upon..细想, 详述),
tw---[ ] twelve, twelfth, twenty, twentieth, twain ([twein]n.两, 双,
英语语音名词解释
1.音节 以元音为主体构成的发音单
位,一般说来元音发音响亮,可以构
成音节,辅音发音不响亮,不能单独
构成音节([m] [n] [] [l]例外)。从单词
拼写形式上看,有几个元字组就有几
个音节。 0-01
2.音节的划分 ①在两个音节的相邻
处有两个辅字组时,一个辅字组属于
前面的音节,一个属于后面的音节。
例如:let-ter mem-ber chil-dren
daugh-ter
②在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字
组时,如果前面音节里的元音是长元
音则辅字组属于后面一个音节,如果
前面一个音节里的元音是短元音,则
辅字组属于前面一个音节。
例如:长元音 pa-per stu-dent fa-ther
ze-ro mo-tor far-ther
短元音 sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y
mod-le weath-er 0-02
3.重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的
音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词
的读音时,应使用重读符号。单音节
词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需
要使用重读符号。 0-03
4.开音节 ①绝对开音节:单个元音
字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。例
如:no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret.
②相对开音节:单个元音字母后面加
单个辅音字母,再加一个不发音字母e
构成的重读音节。例如:name these
bike home ex-cuse. 0-04
5.闭音节 单个元音字母后面有辅字
组(r w y 除外)且以辅字组结尾的重
读音节。例如:bag egg fish not cup
0-05
6.双音节词重读规则 双音节词的第
一个音节通常是重读音节。
例如:´stu-dent ´Chi-na ´sec-ond
´au-tumn in-´deed
含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双
音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。
双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀
或后缀而发生改变。例如:
a´bout be´fore ex´cuse re´pair
for-´get-ful in-´ven-tor 0-06
7.多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常
在倒数第三个音节重读。
例如:´el-e-phant con-grat-u-´la-tion
在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j
l r s后面时读[u:]音,例如:June blue
ruler super 1-11
词尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的词,在-ic或
-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。例如:
scien´tific im´pression ´nation
一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
元音字母 读 音 例 词 编 号
a 在开音节中 [ei] name plane Jane
baby cake 1-01
在闭音节中 [æ] bag dad hat map
black back 1-02
e 在开音节中 [i:] he these me
Chinese 1-03
在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes
egg 1-04
i 在开音节中 [ai] bike fly drive time
nice kite 1-05
在闭音节中 [i] fish big drink sit milk
swim 1-06
o 在开音节中 [u] those close go hoe
home no 1-07
在闭音节中 [] clock not box shop
sock 1-08
u 在开音节中 [ju:] student excuse
duty Tuesday 1-09
在闭音节中 [] bus cup jump much
lunch 1-10
二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
元音字母 读 音 例 词 编 号
a [] China another woman breakfast
2-01
[i] orange comrade village cabbage
2-02
e [] hundred student open moment
2-03
[i] chicken pocket begin children 2-04
i []/[i] holiday beautiful family animal
2-05
[ai] exercise satellite 2-06
o [] second tonight somebody
welcome 2-07
[u] also zero photo 2-08
u [] autumn difficult 2-09
[ju(:)] popular congratulation January
2-10
动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a
读[ei]音,例如:operate 2-11
u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s
后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如:July
influence February issue 2-12
在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音
字母a e i 即可以读作[]音,也可以读
作[i]音。
三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读
音
元音字母
读 音
例 词
编 号
a在[w]音后面
[]
want what watch wash quality
3-01
a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前
[α:]
after plant graph ask grasp glass fast
father
3-02
i在-nd -ld和gh前
[ai]
find child light high
3-03
o在-st -ld前
[ou]
most postcard old cold
3-04
o在m n v th前
[]
come monkey love mother
3-05
四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读
音
元音字组 读 音 例 词 编 号
ar
ar在[w]音后面 [α:] car farm dark
sharpener 4-01
[:] warm quarter towards 4-02
or
or在[w]音后面 [:] forty morning short
4-03
[:] word worker worse 4-04
er ir ur [:] certainly bird Thursday
4-05
辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不
能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节
的拼读规则发音。例如: carry berry
mirror sorry hurry
4-06
-r音节元音字组在非重读音节中通常
读[]音,例如:dollar teacher martyr
comfort Saturday
五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的
读音
元音字组 读 音 例 词 编 号
are [ε] care dare hare 5-01
ere [i] here mere 5-02
ire [ai] fire hire wire 5-03
ore [:] more score before 5-04
ure [ju] pure cure 5-05
完整的-re音节are ere ire ore很少出
现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节
中读[]音,例如:picture pleasure
非重读音节中-re音节的变体通常发[r]
音,例如:salary 5-06
重读音节中元音字母加r,再加非重读
元字组时,元音字母和r构成-re音节
的变体,按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字
母r读[r]音。
例如:parent zero inspiring story
during
5-07
某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音
短化现象。
例如:orange very American
paragraph forest spirit 5-08
六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 读 音 例 词 编 号
ai/ay [ei] afraid rain wait day play
6-01
air [ε] air hair chair pair repair 6-02
al
al在f m前
[:] small ball talk wall all 6-03
[:l] always also salt almost 6-04
[α:] half calm 6-05
au/aw [:] autumn daughter draw 6-06
ea [i:] teach easy cheap please 6-07
[e] heavy bread sweater weather
6-08
[ei] break great 6-09
ear [i] hear dear near clear year 6-10
[ε] bear pear wear swear 6-11
[:] earth learn early 6-12
ee [i:] jeep week green three 6-13
eer [i] pioneer deer beer 6-14
ei/ey [ei] eight neighbour they 6-15
eu/ew
在 j l r 后 [ju:] new few newspaper
6-16
[u:] flew brew jewelry 6-17
ie/[s]音后拼写为ei [i:] piece field
receive seize 6-18
oa [ou] coat Joan boat goal 6-19
oar/oor [:] roar board door floor 6-20
oi/oy [i] noise point boy toilet 6-21
oo [u:] broom food tooth school 6-22
[u] book look cook foot good 6-23
ou/ow [au] flower house count down
6-24
[u] know row throw though 6-25
[] young country enough 6-26
[u:] group you soup through 6-27
our [:] course your four 6-28
[au] our hour ours 6-29
[:] journey 6-30
ui
ui 在j l r s后 [ju:i] fluid suicide tuition
6-31
[u:] juice fruit suit 6-32
九、辅字组的读音
辅字组 读 音 例 词 编 号
b [b] bike bus bag 9-01
[/] bomb tomb lamb climb 9-02
c
c在e前或在i/y前 [k] cake picture
coat music 9-03
[s] face decide cinema 9-04
ch [] much chick rich teacher 9-05
[k] school headache chemistry 9-06
[] machine Chicago
9-07
-ck [k] cock pocket black knock 9-08
d [d] doctor bread hand day 9-09
-dge [] bridge fridge 9-10
dr- [dr] children driver drink 9-11
f [f] five four breakfast 9-12
g
g在e i/y前 [] bag gardon go 9-13
[] orange large German 9-14
-gh
gh- [f] cough enough rough 9-15
[] sorghum spaghetti ghost 9-16
gu- -gue [] guess league dialogue
guitar 9-17
[w] language anguish penguin 9-18
h [h] hot head house hand 9-19
[/] hour honest honor 9-20
j [] jeep jar joke join July 9-21
k [k] kind bike skate make week 9-22
kn- [n] knife know knock 9-23
l [l] life milk school tall 9-24
m [m] monkey come tomato 9-25
-mn [m] autumn column solemn 9-26
n
n在[k] [g]音前 [n] not shine ten note
9-27
[?] uncle thank hungry 9-28
-ng [?] morning young wrong 9-29
p [p] paper plane pig ship pen 9-30
ph [f] elephant photo telephone 9-31
-q/-que [k] Iraq cheque 9-32
qu- [kw] quality quite quarter 9-33
r [r] red rubber ruler 9-34
s在音节开头或清辅音前
在元音字母间或浊辅音前 [s] sit
sleep desk 9-35
[z] music husband 9-36
sc- [sk] scarlet scout Scotland 9-37
[s] muscle science 9-38
sh [] she fish shirt wash 9-39
t在通常情况下
在弱读字母ia ie io前 [t] ten letter
meet 9-40
[] patient nation 9-41
tch
[] watch catch match 9-42
th在通常情况下
在冠词 代词 介词 连词中
在词尾-the -ther中
[θ] thin thirty method 9-43
[ð] the these with than 9-44
[ð] clothe father weather 9-45
tr- [tr] tree train country truck 9-46
v [v] very voice love leave 9-47
w [w] week win wake sweet wait 9-48
[/] answer two 9-49
wh-
wh-在字母o前 [w] what when white
why 9-50
[h] who whose whole 9-51
x
在重读元音前 [ks] box text exercise
9-52
[gz] example exist exact 9-53
wr- [r] write wrong wrist 9-54
y- [j] yes yard yellow young 9-55
z [z] puzzle zero zoo 9-56
2024年4月9日发(作者:豆惜蕊)
重读发音规律
英语单词重读规律浅探(ZT)发音规则主要是针对重读音节的,因此,
如何确定双音节词和多音节词的重读音节,就成了实现单词“见即能
读”的关键。
双音节词和多音节词中,哪一个音节重读,往往涉及词的构造,因此
有必要首先介绍一下主要的构词方法。
英语的构词方法很多,但主要有三种:(1)缀合法:通过前缀或后缀
构成另一个词。例如:luck(运气)→lucky(幸运的),unlucky(不
幸的)。(2)转化法:由一个词类转化为另一个词类。例如:water
(n.水)→water(v.浇水)。(3)合成法:由两个或更多个的词合
成为一个词。例如:book+bag→bookbag(书包);mother+in+
law→mother-in-law(岳母,婆婆)。
二、双音节词的重读规律
(一)双音节词重读的一般倾向
1.双音节动词倾向于第二个音节重读。例如:absorb(吸收),behave
(举止),forget(忘记),receive(接收)。
2.动词以外的双音节词,倾向于第一个音节重读。例如:custom(n.习
惯),distant(adj.遥远的),second(num.第二),many(pron.许
多),often(adv.经常),into(prep.进入),after(conj.在……
之后)。
名词、形容词、副词的后缀,大都是非重读的,如:-er,-or,-
ess,-ism-tion-sion,-ssion-ment-ship-hood
-age
-ow
able
ful
-ure-dom-ey-ance-our
-ish
-ent
-ive
-ace
--ic(s)等名词后缀;-less
-ible-ic-some-like
-ous
-en-ed-al-ant,-
-ing-ty-ly等形容词后缀。-ly-ward(s),-wise
等副词后缀。这也进一步加重了这类词第一个音节重读的倾向。仅举
几例说明。名词:actor(演员),nation(国家);形容词:useful(有
用的),dirty(脏的);副词:really(真地);数词:twenty(二十)。
3.某些单词既可以作动词,又可以作名词或形容词。作动词时,第
二个音节重读;作名词或形容词时,第一个音节重读。这反映出两种
倾向的明显对比。例如:-rekord作动词“记录”解时读〔ri′k:d〕,
作名词“记录”解时读〔-rekd;present作动词“赠送”解时读
nt〕;absent作动词“缺席”
nt〕。
〔prizent〕,作名词“礼物”解时读〔′prez
解时读〔b′sent〕,作形容词“缺席的”解时读〔′bs
(二)影响双音节词重读倾向的构词因素
上述双音节动词倾向于第二个音节重读,而其他类的双音节词倾向于
第一个音节重读,但这并不意味着所有的双音节词都是如此。据统计,
90%的双音节动词都符合第二个音节重读倾向,而约60%的非动词
双音节词符合第一个音节重读倾向。
双音节词的重读还要受到单词结构的影响。
1.词缀的影响
①带有-en-er-,-ish,-le,-y,-ow等非重读后缀的动词,
第二个音节不重读,第一个音节重读。例如:happen(发生),open
(打开),finish(结束),struggle(奋斗),carry(携带),swallow
(吞咽),borrow(借来)。
②带有a-,be-,to-,ex-等前缀的副词、形容词、介词、连词
以及带有-ee和-self结尾的名词或代词,第一个音节不重读,第
二个音节重读。例如:abroad(adv.在国外),behind(prep.在……
后面),tonight(adv.今晚),except(prep.除……以外),payee
(收款人),myself(prep.我自己)。
③部分带有re-,ex-,un-,pre-,post-等前缀的双音节、带
-teen后缀、以及某些地名、国家名,两个音节都重读。例如:rewrite
(改写),ex-wife(前妻),unfair(不公平的),preview(预览),
postwar(战后的),Berlin(柏林),Chinese(中国的)等。
/English/art/
单词重音
A)双音节词
a)一般在第一个音节重读。letter, sorry
b)有 a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-,
dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前缀的词,第二个音节是重音。
a'bout, be'lieve, ad'dress, de'cide, re'port, con'demn, res'pect,
com'pare, in'form, dis'cuss, im'press, mis'take, en'force, pre'pare,
em'ploy, per'mit, es'cape, pro'duce, ex'claim,trans'late
c)有 de-, in-, re-, con-, pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关, 一般
名词的重音在第一个音节上,其它的词性在第二个音节上。'record,
re'cord; 'insult, in'sult; 'conduct, con'duct; 'present pre'sent; 'content,
con'tent
d)有些复合词和带有前缀 re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的词,有两个
重音。'out'side, 're'tell, 'well-'known, 'un'real, 'fif'teen, 'Chi'nese,
'pre-'war, 'post-'war
B)多音节词
a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。'difficult, 'communist, 'family,
e'conomy, oppor'tunity,de'mocracy.
b)有一些双音节词,加了前缀和后缀成了多音节,但这些词按原来词
根的重音读音。'carefully, in'definite, 'comfortable, con'ductor,
ac'cording, dis'turbance, 'complicated,es'tablishment,
c)词尾有-eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify, -ion,
-ious, -ity, ive 后缀的词,重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。
cour'teous, cal'ligraphy, edi'torial, his'torian, peri'odic, mathe'matics,
ex'perience,suf'ficient, i'dentify, trans'lation, re'ligious, curi'osity,
pro'tective
d)词尾有 -ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 后缀的词,重音在该后缀上,而
且有一个次重音。enter'tain, emplo'yee, mountai'neer, Japa'nese,
ciga'rette
2)句子重音
A) 英语的节奏:(轻)-轻-重-轻-(轻)或重-轻-(轻)(轻)重
B) 英语句子的长短:是由句子中的重读词的数目决定的,而不是象
汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定的。
C) 实词重读(副词重读),虚词轻读(冠词,单音节介词,单音节连
词,人称代词,反代词,物主代词,关系代词,相互代词,助动词,
情态动词和系动词be
D) 实词不重读的特殊情况
a) 实词第二次出现 He thinks of that as a child thinks.
b) 一个名词被第二个名词修饰 I met her in the railway station.
c) 代替词 Which book do you want? The small one.
d) 感叹词中的 what 和how What a good day it is! How beautiful
she is!
e) street 在专有名词中 Wangfujing Street.
f)this在这些短语中,this morning/afternoon/evening
E)虚词重读的特殊情况
a) 情态动词,助动词和系动词be在句首,句尾和否定时。Do you like
it? Yes, I do. Are you a doctor? Yes, I am. Can you help me? Yes, I
can. I don't like you. He isn't a worker.
b) 情态动词表示可能,惊奇和肯定时。They may come this evening.
Can it be five already? He must be in the room.
c) 介词在句首和句尾。In the box, he found a letter. He is the person
I talked with.
d) 引导复合句的连词在句首。If you wish, I'll visit you. When he
comes, I'll tell him.
e)反身代词表示强调。He couldn't come himself
2.字母发音规律
2. 英语26个字母和常见字母组合的一般发音规律:(要求熟记于心,
脱口而出)?总口诀:元音字母音多变,熟记规则也不难。辅音字母
显易单,见面就把音来念。字母组合固定音,千锤百炼习语感。遇见
生词找规律,划分音节顺口连,元音字母在中间,辅音字母两边站,
字母组合算一个,熟能生巧难亦简。?辅音字母发音小口诀:辅音字
母显易单,见面就把音来念。
b发[b], c发[k], ci(y) ce多发[s]; 例词:blue, table, Crisp, class,
picture,actor, pencil, bicycle, nice,
d发[d], f [f], g发[g] [dV], [V]少见; Sandy, dog, red, fly, coffee,green,
egg, orange, garage
h [h], j发[dV], k / l [k] [l]可分连; her, here, his, jeep, Japan,book, look,
blue, Klan class
m [m], n [n][N], p [p] q [k] r 发[r]; meet, am, no, green, thank,English,
pen, cap, quickly, Crisp,
s 最多[s]和[z], 趋唇[F] [V]也常见; sir, this, sit, is, his, whose,
please,sure[F], usually[V], pleasure
x 发音剪头端,[ks]多于[gz]面; six, pencil-box, excuse, exercise;
exam,(后接重读元音)
t 发[t], v 发[v], w 辅音[w]来念; teacher, it, very, voice, river,
with,swim, wash, which, white
最后一个字母z,发好[z]音才算完。zoo, zero, size, puzzle,
辅音字母一见发音表:
bcdfghjklmn
[b][k]cap[d][f][g]egg[h][dV][k][l][m][n]
[s]city [dV] [-l] [N]g/k
tablericebedcoffeeorangehighjeepbook bluemeetnose
bluebicycledogflygarbagehelloJapankeepballroompen
[V]garage table thank
pqrstvwx(y)z
[p][k][r][s]desk[t][v][w][ks][j]yes[z]
[-r][z]easy
[gz][ai]mypencilquickrose[V]usuallysitvoicewashbox[i]busyzoo
openquartersorrypleasureteacherinviteswimexamveryzero
teacher[F]surelittle quicklyfreeze
?常见辅音字母组合的发音口诀: 字母组合固定音,千锤百炼习语感。
wh发音 [h] 和 [w], th 常发 [W] 和 [T];
ch/tch多发 [tF], 有时发音 [F] 或 [k];
sh [F], ph [f], gh 不发或发 [f](词尾);
gedge 多发 [dV], ck 发 [k], kn [n];
ng 易发 [N] [Ng], qu发音 [kw] 和[k]。
wr 发卷趋 [r], 双写分节不分音。{ 动词或复数词尾s /es, 多发[s][z]/
和[iz]; ts [ts] ds[dz]}
例词:
wh发音 [h] 和 [w],
wh ---[ ] which, white, what, where, when, why [ ] whose, who,
whole {*whew [hw-]}
th 常发 [W] 和 [T];th --- [ ] this, that, the, they, with [ ] thank,three,
tooth, forth, eleventh
ch/tch多发 [tF], 有时发音 [F] 或 [k];
(t)ch ---[ ] chicken, chair, child, sandwich, catch, watch
chase(追赶,追击,追求),
[ ] ache, headache, chemist [ ] machine[mE`FEn], chaise [Feiz](带篷二轮
马车)
sh [F], ph [f], gh 不发或发 [f](词尾); sh ---[ ] shoe, ship, sheep,fish,
wash, ash
ph ---[ ] photo, telephone, phrase gh ---[ ] right, light,daughter [ ] laugh,
cough
gedge 多发 [dV], ck 发 [k], kn [n];(d)ge ---[ ] orange, page, bridge,
fridge, porridge(麦片粥,稀饭)
ck ---[ ] black, kick, lock, back
kn ---[ ] knife, know, knock, knee(膝盖), kneel(跪下), knit (编
织),knob(球形把手, 旋钮),
knack (诀窍), knight(骑士,武士; **《金山游侠》,金山公司出品的游
戏修改软件),
ng 易发 [N] [Ng], qu发音 [kw] 和[k]。ng ---[ ] sing, song, long, wing []
English, hungryqu ---[ ] quick, quite(相当,十分), quiet (安静的,平静
的), quarter, require,[ ] cheque(支票), unique(唯一,独有独特的),
technique(技巧),
wr 发卷趋 [r],
wr ---[ ] wrong, write, wrap(包,裹), wrist(手腕), wrest(拧,
扭),wrestle(摔跤), wring(绞,扭)
双写分节不分音:miss, apple, egg, sorry, yellow, umbrella {双写元音字
母:see,zoo, book}
ts/tes ---[ ] its tail(它的尾巴), two baskets /boats(两个篮子/小船), my
coats/shirts (我的上衣/衬衫), three hats(三顶帽子), five cats(五只猫),
many
streets(许多街道), two packets(两个包裹/两包..), some
presents/sweets(一些礼物/糖果), two biscuits (两块饼干), a box of
chocolates (一包巧克力糖),
ten minutes (十分钟), two gates (两扇大门), in my pockets (在我的口袋
里), two
lights /kites (两个灯 /风筝), two nests (两个鸟巢/窝), two tea-pots (两
个茶壶), some carrots (一些胡萝卜), What’s this? It’s a pen. sits,
ds/des---[ ] two birds, two hands, English words, their beds, their
heads, two blackboards, goods(商品/货物),
辅音连缀:pr ---[ ] practice, praise, pray, press, price, proud,
pl---[ ] please, play, plane, plan, place, plain, plenty (丰富, 大量),
pliers (钳子(如老虎钳,手钳,扁嘴钳等),镊子),
plod(沉重地走, 辛勤工作), plop (扑通落下), plum(李子), plug(插头,插
上),
br---[ ] brag(吹牛), brake (闸,刹车), brain, break, bread, breed (使)繁殖,
教养, 抚养), brown, bride(新娘),
bribe(贿赂, 向…行贿), brush
bl---[ ] black, bleed, blind, blouse, blood, blue,
cr-/kr---[ ] crab(螃蟹), cradle(摇篮), cream, crop, cricket([昆]蟋蟀,[运动]
板球) criticize(批评, 责备), cry,
cruel(残忍的), kraut(泡菜), Kremlin (克里姆林宫),
cl-/kl---[ ] class, claim((根据权利)要求得到, 认领, 声称, 主张, 需要)
clean, clear,
clock, close, click(发出滴答声,单击n.滴答声) , club(俱乐部, 夜总会,),
klaxon (高音喇叭/气笛, 电喇叭), Klan (=KuKlux Klan)三K党)
gr---[ ] grade, grass, grape, graceful(优雅的,温文尔雅),green, great,
grief(悲痛, 伤心事, 不幸, 忧伤), grin(露齿笑, 裂口笑), groan(呻吟
(着说), gruffly (说话或态度粗暴地, 粗声地, 生硬地)
gl---[ ] glass, glad, gleam (发微光, 使闪烁), glide(滑行,滑翔), globe(地
球仪),glove(手套), glue(胶水/胶合)
fr---[ ] France, French, free, fresh (新鲜的, 无经验的), frequent (频繁
的),
friend (朋友), fried, fry, frog (青蛙),
from(自,从),front (前面,前线,阵线), fruit (水果, 果实, 果类, 成果),
frustrated(感到灰心/失败的)
fl---[ ] flat, flag, flame(火焰,热情), flap (拍打, 鼓翼而飞, 飘动),
flares(喇叭裤), flash (闪光, 闪现, 一瞬间), flea(跳蚤), flee (逃跑, 逃
走), fleer (狞笑, 讥笑), flesh (肉,果肉), flinch (畏缩, 退缩,畏首畏尾),
floor (地板,楼层),
float (漂浮,浮舟,彩车), flood (洪水, 水灾, 淹没, 涌进,涌出) flour (面
粉), flow (流动,(河水)泛滥, 洋溢), flower(花) , flu (流感), fly (飞翔,飞
行),flub (做得不好, 弄糟), fluent (流利的, 流畅的),
sl---[ ] slave (奴隶), slander (诽谤), slaughter (屠宰, 残杀, 屠杀),
sleep(睡眠, 睡觉), sleet (下/雨加雪, 下冰雹),
sleeve (袖子), slice (薄片, 切片), slim (苗条的, 纤细的), slip (滑倒, 失
足), slogan(口号, 标语), slow(ly)(慢的/地), sly/ slily [slaili](狡猾的/地),
sm---[ ] small (小的, 少的), smart (聪明的, 漂亮的, 灵巧地, 时髦地),
smarty (=wiseguy自作聪明的人), smell
(气味, 臭味, //嗅, 闻到, 散发(...的)气味, 有(...的)气味), smile ((~ at)
微笑), smog(烟雾), smoke (n.烟, 烟尘, 烟幕//v.抽烟, 吸烟vi.冒烟),
smuggle (n.走私, 偷带v.走私),
sn---[ ] snow, snake, snack (吃)快餐/小吃)), snail (蜗牛), snap (猛咬),
sneer (冷笑,轻蔑的笑), sneeze (打/ 喷嚏),
snob /snobling (势利的年轻人, 势利小人),
sk---[ ] skate, skating, skirt, ski (=skee滑雪), skim (掠过, 滑过, 浏览),
skin (皮肤, 兽皮, 皮毛), skint (身无分文的, 穷光蛋的), skip (跳, 蹦,
跳读), sky-blue (天蓝色的, 淡蓝色, 蔚蓝色)
sp---[ ] space (空间, 间隔, 距离, 空地, 余地), spade (铲, 铁锹), Spain
(西班牙),
spare (多余的, 剩下的/分让给),
spell, speak (说话, 谈话, 发言, 演讲, 说明事实, 表示意见,操(某种语
言)), spear ([spiE]矛,枪), specific ([spi`sifik]特效药, 详细而精确的, 明
确的), spice (香料, 调味品,情趣), spider (蜘蛛), sport(运动,运动会),
spume [spju:m](n.泡沫v.(使)起泡沫), spumous(adj.起泡沫的, 泡沫状
的), spur[spE:](n.踢马剌, 剌激物v.鞭策), sputter[`spQtE](.说话
急快/唾沫飞溅/飞溅出/喷溅声), sputum [spju:tEm](唾液, 痰), spy(特
工, 间谍, 侦探,//秘密侦察),
st---[ ] stand, stamp (邮票, 跺(脚), 顿(足)), stage (舞台,戏剧,举行), star
(星,恒星, 明星, 名角), start (动身,开始,着手惊动,惊起,起动,发动),
staff (棒, 杖, 杆, 支柱, 全体职员), stadium (露天运动场/体育场),
step, steep(陡峭的), stick (棍, 棒, 手杖/粘住, 粘贴), stop, student,
stupid (愚蠢的, 麻木的), stupidity (蠢事,糊涂事), stutter (口吃, 结结巴
巴的说), style(风格, 时尚, 文体),
sw---[ ] swab ([swCb]n.拖把, 药签,vt. 拭抹, 擦洗), swag(摇晃, 水潭,
垂花饰),
swear(宣誓, 发誓), sweat(n/v.(使)出汗),
sweater(厚运动衫, 毛线衫), sweep(扫, 打扫, 清扫, 席卷, 冲光),
sweepup(n.大扫除),
sweet(甜的, 可受的, 美好的, 芳香的/n. 糖果),swim (swam,swum),
swing (swang,
swung,秋千, 摇摆, 摆动), swicky([美]威士忌酒), swig(n/v.痛饮, 大喝
特喝(尤指从瓶口喝的)),
swiftly(迅速地, 敏捷地), swindle (sb of…骗走某人的), swob(拖把, 海
棉),
swobble(大口地吃), swoon(vi.昏晕, 昏厥惊讶, 酣睡n.狂喜, 陶醉),
swoop(n.突然下降,猛扑vt攫取vi.飞扑, 突然袭击), sword(剑),
swot(at../ for../up;vi.用功读书vt.用功学习n.苦读的人, 辛苦的工作),
dw---[ ] dwarf ([dwC:f]n.矮子, 侏儒v.(使)变矮小), dwell(at../in...居住
停留于;on../upon..细想, 详述),
tw---[ ] twelve, twelfth, twenty, twentieth, twain ([twein]n.两, 双,
英语语音名词解释
1.音节 以元音为主体构成的发音单
位,一般说来元音发音响亮,可以构
成音节,辅音发音不响亮,不能单独
构成音节([m] [n] [] [l]例外)。从单词
拼写形式上看,有几个元字组就有几
个音节。 0-01
2.音节的划分 ①在两个音节的相邻
处有两个辅字组时,一个辅字组属于
前面的音节,一个属于后面的音节。
例如:let-ter mem-ber chil-dren
daugh-ter
②在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字
组时,如果前面音节里的元音是长元
音则辅字组属于后面一个音节,如果
前面一个音节里的元音是短元音,则
辅字组属于前面一个音节。
例如:长元音 pa-per stu-dent fa-ther
ze-ro mo-tor far-ther
短元音 sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y
mod-le weath-er 0-02
3.重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的
音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词
的读音时,应使用重读符号。单音节
词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需
要使用重读符号。 0-03
4.开音节 ①绝对开音节:单个元音
字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。例
如:no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret.
②相对开音节:单个元音字母后面加
单个辅音字母,再加一个不发音字母e
构成的重读音节。例如:name these
bike home ex-cuse. 0-04
5.闭音节 单个元音字母后面有辅字
组(r w y 除外)且以辅字组结尾的重
读音节。例如:bag egg fish not cup
0-05
6.双音节词重读规则 双音节词的第
一个音节通常是重读音节。
例如:´stu-dent ´Chi-na ´sec-ond
´au-tumn in-´deed
含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双
音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。
双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀
或后缀而发生改变。例如:
a´bout be´fore ex´cuse re´pair
for-´get-ful in-´ven-tor 0-06
7.多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常
在倒数第三个音节重读。
例如:´el-e-phant con-grat-u-´la-tion
在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j
l r s后面时读[u:]音,例如:June blue
ruler super 1-11
词尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的词,在-ic或
-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。例如:
scien´tific im´pression ´nation
一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
元音字母 读 音 例 词 编 号
a 在开音节中 [ei] name plane Jane
baby cake 1-01
在闭音节中 [æ] bag dad hat map
black back 1-02
e 在开音节中 [i:] he these me
Chinese 1-03
在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes
egg 1-04
i 在开音节中 [ai] bike fly drive time
nice kite 1-05
在闭音节中 [i] fish big drink sit milk
swim 1-06
o 在开音节中 [u] those close go hoe
home no 1-07
在闭音节中 [] clock not box shop
sock 1-08
u 在开音节中 [ju:] student excuse
duty Tuesday 1-09
在闭音节中 [] bus cup jump much
lunch 1-10
二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
元音字母 读 音 例 词 编 号
a [] China another woman breakfast
2-01
[i] orange comrade village cabbage
2-02
e [] hundred student open moment
2-03
[i] chicken pocket begin children 2-04
i []/[i] holiday beautiful family animal
2-05
[ai] exercise satellite 2-06
o [] second tonight somebody
welcome 2-07
[u] also zero photo 2-08
u [] autumn difficult 2-09
[ju(:)] popular congratulation January
2-10
动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a
读[ei]音,例如:operate 2-11
u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s
后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如:July
influence February issue 2-12
在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音
字母a e i 即可以读作[]音,也可以读
作[i]音。
三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读
音
元音字母
读 音
例 词
编 号
a在[w]音后面
[]
want what watch wash quality
3-01
a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前
[α:]
after plant graph ask grasp glass fast
father
3-02
i在-nd -ld和gh前
[ai]
find child light high
3-03
o在-st -ld前
[ou]
most postcard old cold
3-04
o在m n v th前
[]
come monkey love mother
3-05
四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读
音
元音字组 读 音 例 词 编 号
ar
ar在[w]音后面 [α:] car farm dark
sharpener 4-01
[:] warm quarter towards 4-02
or
or在[w]音后面 [:] forty morning short
4-03
[:] word worker worse 4-04
er ir ur [:] certainly bird Thursday
4-05
辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不
能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节
的拼读规则发音。例如: carry berry
mirror sorry hurry
4-06
-r音节元音字组在非重读音节中通常
读[]音,例如:dollar teacher martyr
comfort Saturday
五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的
读音
元音字组 读 音 例 词 编 号
are [ε] care dare hare 5-01
ere [i] here mere 5-02
ire [ai] fire hire wire 5-03
ore [:] more score before 5-04
ure [ju] pure cure 5-05
完整的-re音节are ere ire ore很少出
现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节
中读[]音,例如:picture pleasure
非重读音节中-re音节的变体通常发[r]
音,例如:salary 5-06
重读音节中元音字母加r,再加非重读
元字组时,元音字母和r构成-re音节
的变体,按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字
母r读[r]音。
例如:parent zero inspiring story
during
5-07
某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音
短化现象。
例如:orange very American
paragraph forest spirit 5-08
六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 读 音 例 词 编 号
ai/ay [ei] afraid rain wait day play
6-01
air [ε] air hair chair pair repair 6-02
al
al在f m前
[:] small ball talk wall all 6-03
[:l] always also salt almost 6-04
[α:] half calm 6-05
au/aw [:] autumn daughter draw 6-06
ea [i:] teach easy cheap please 6-07
[e] heavy bread sweater weather
6-08
[ei] break great 6-09
ear [i] hear dear near clear year 6-10
[ε] bear pear wear swear 6-11
[:] earth learn early 6-12
ee [i:] jeep week green three 6-13
eer [i] pioneer deer beer 6-14
ei/ey [ei] eight neighbour they 6-15
eu/ew
在 j l r 后 [ju:] new few newspaper
6-16
[u:] flew brew jewelry 6-17
ie/[s]音后拼写为ei [i:] piece field
receive seize 6-18
oa [ou] coat Joan boat goal 6-19
oar/oor [:] roar board door floor 6-20
oi/oy [i] noise point boy toilet 6-21
oo [u:] broom food tooth school 6-22
[u] book look cook foot good 6-23
ou/ow [au] flower house count down
6-24
[u] know row throw though 6-25
[] young country enough 6-26
[u:] group you soup through 6-27
our [:] course your four 6-28
[au] our hour ours 6-29
[:] journey 6-30
ui
ui 在j l r s后 [ju:i] fluid suicide tuition
6-31
[u:] juice fruit suit 6-32
九、辅字组的读音
辅字组 读 音 例 词 编 号
b [b] bike bus bag 9-01
[/] bomb tomb lamb climb 9-02
c
c在e前或在i/y前 [k] cake picture
coat music 9-03
[s] face decide cinema 9-04
ch [] much chick rich teacher 9-05
[k] school headache chemistry 9-06
[] machine Chicago
9-07
-ck [k] cock pocket black knock 9-08
d [d] doctor bread hand day 9-09
-dge [] bridge fridge 9-10
dr- [dr] children driver drink 9-11
f [f] five four breakfast 9-12
g
g在e i/y前 [] bag gardon go 9-13
[] orange large German 9-14
-gh
gh- [f] cough enough rough 9-15
[] sorghum spaghetti ghost 9-16
gu- -gue [] guess league dialogue
guitar 9-17
[w] language anguish penguin 9-18
h [h] hot head house hand 9-19
[/] hour honest honor 9-20
j [] jeep jar joke join July 9-21
k [k] kind bike skate make week 9-22
kn- [n] knife know knock 9-23
l [l] life milk school tall 9-24
m [m] monkey come tomato 9-25
-mn [m] autumn column solemn 9-26
n
n在[k] [g]音前 [n] not shine ten note
9-27
[?] uncle thank hungry 9-28
-ng [?] morning young wrong 9-29
p [p] paper plane pig ship pen 9-30
ph [f] elephant photo telephone 9-31
-q/-que [k] Iraq cheque 9-32
qu- [kw] quality quite quarter 9-33
r [r] red rubber ruler 9-34
s在音节开头或清辅音前
在元音字母间或浊辅音前 [s] sit
sleep desk 9-35
[z] music husband 9-36
sc- [sk] scarlet scout Scotland 9-37
[s] muscle science 9-38
sh [] she fish shirt wash 9-39
t在通常情况下
在弱读字母ia ie io前 [t] ten letter
meet 9-40
[] patient nation 9-41
tch
[] watch catch match 9-42
th在通常情况下
在冠词 代词 介词 连词中
在词尾-the -ther中
[θ] thin thirty method 9-43
[ð] the these with than 9-44
[ð] clothe father weather 9-45
tr- [tr] tree train country truck 9-46
v [v] very voice love leave 9-47
w [w] week win wake sweet wait 9-48
[/] answer two 9-49
wh-
wh-在字母o前 [w] what when white
why 9-50
[h] who whose whole 9-51
x
在重读元音前 [ks] box text exercise
9-52
[gz] example exist exact 9-53
wr- [r] write wrong wrist 9-54
y- [j] yes yard yellow young 9-55
z [z] puzzle zero zoo 9-56