2024年4月9日发(作者：功彗)
New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology
Teaching notes
Book 1B
p.1/12
Suggested answers to Exercise and Reading to
learn
(Note: The overseas examination boards bear no responsibility for the suggested answers
contained in this publication. Answers for HKCEE and HKALE questions are not available due
to copyright restrictions.)
Chapter 7 Gas exchange in humans
Exercise
Multiple-choice questions
(p.
7
-26)
1
5
9
D
C
C
2 B
6 B
10 C
3 C
7 B
11 D
4
8
C
A
Short questions
(p.
7
-28)
12 The dust particles and bacteria from the air cannot be filtered by cilia or trapped by mucus.
1m
They can go directly into our lungs. 1m
The dust will block the air passage and the bacteria will cause respiratory infection. 1m
13 a Air sacs 1m
b Nasal cavity 1m
Trachea 1m
Bronchi 1m
Bronchioles (except the smallest ones) 1m
c Intercostal muscles 1m
Ribs 1m
Diaphragm 1m
14 a In sequence:
upwards / outwards 1m
downwards / flatten 1m
b i On diagram:
Oxygen arrow to blood from air and CO
2
arrow to air from blood 1m
Oxygen arrow to red blood cell 1m
CO
2
arrow from plasma 1m
ii Diffusion 1m
iii Large surface area 1m
15 HKCEE Biology 2005 I Q4
16
Inspiration Expiration
Intercostal muscles Contract Relax
Movement of rib cage Upwards and Downwards and
outwards inwards
Diaphragm Flatten Return to dome
shape
Volume of thorax Increase Decrease
Oxford University Press 2009
New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology
Teaching notes
Book 1B
p.2/12
Pressure in thorax Decrease Increase
Direction of movement of air Into the lungs Out of the lungs
(1m for both correct on each row, 1m x 6)
Structured questions
(p.
7
-29)
17 a
18
b
c
a
b
c
B and C
Mucus traps dust.
Cilia beat mucus up the trachea,
preventing it from entering the lungs.
F, G and H
E, air sac
It is the site of gas exchange between air and blood.
2m
1m
1m
3m
1m x 2
1m
1m
0.5m
1m
0.5m
1m
1m
1m
1m
1m
0.5m
0.5m
1m
1m
General description of pressure changes
Decreases to a minimum of –0.29 / –0.3 / –0.31 kPa
at 0.8–0.9 s
Then returns to zero at the end of inspiration
at 1.62–1.7 s
Changes from –0.29 / –0.3 / –0.31 kPa to 0.29 / 0.3 / 0.31 kPa
Overall change of 0.58–0.62 kPa
i Contraction of diaphragm and intercostal muscles
Increased volume in thorax / chest, decreased pressure
Pressure rises as air moves in
ii Relaxation of diaphragm and intercostal muscles
Reference to elasticity / elastic fibres
Decreased volume in thorax / chest, increased pressure
Pressure decreases as air moves out
19 HKCEE Biology 2001 I Q4b
20 HKCEE Human Biology 1999 I Q1b
21 a
b
c
d
1m
Hydrogencarbonate indicator / lime water 1m
A: Hydrogencarbonate indicator changes to yellow / lime water turns milky 1m
B: Hydrogencarbonate indicator remains orange / lime water remains clear 1m
i Collect a jar of atmospheric air as inhaled air. 1m
Collect a jar of exhaled air by blowing slowly into a gas jar over water. 1m
Lower a burning candle into the jar of inhaled air and the jar of exhaled air. 1m
Record how long the candle can burn in each jar. 1m
ii The candle can burn longer in the jar of inhaled air. 1m
Oxford University Press 2009
2024年4月9日发(作者：功彗)
New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology
Teaching notes
Book 1B
p.1/12
Suggested answers to Exercise and Reading to
learn
(Note: The overseas examination boards bear no responsibility for the suggested answers
contained in this publication. Answers for HKCEE and HKALE questions are not available due
to copyright restrictions.)
Chapter 7 Gas exchange in humans
Exercise
Multiple-choice questions
(p.
7
-26)
1
5
9
D
C
C
2 B
6 B
10 C
3 C
7 B
11 D
4
8
C
A
Short questions
(p.
7
-28)
12 The dust particles and bacteria from the air cannot be filtered by cilia or trapped by mucus.
1m
They can go directly into our lungs. 1m
The dust will block the air passage and the bacteria will cause respiratory infection. 1m
13 a Air sacs 1m
b Nasal cavity 1m
Trachea 1m
Bronchi 1m
Bronchioles (except the smallest ones) 1m
c Intercostal muscles 1m
Ribs 1m
Diaphragm 1m
14 a In sequence:
upwards / outwards 1m
downwards / flatten 1m
b i On diagram:
Oxygen arrow to blood from air and CO
2
arrow to air from blood 1m
Oxygen arrow to red blood cell 1m
CO
2
arrow from plasma 1m
ii Diffusion 1m
iii Large surface area 1m
15 HKCEE Biology 2005 I Q4
16
Inspiration Expiration
Intercostal muscles Contract Relax
Movement of rib cage Upwards and Downwards and
outwards inwards
Diaphragm Flatten Return to dome
shape
Volume of thorax Increase Decrease
Oxford University Press 2009
New Senior Secondary Mastering Biology
Teaching notes
Book 1B
p.2/12
Pressure in thorax Decrease Increase
Direction of movement of air Into the lungs Out of the lungs
(1m for both correct on each row, 1m x 6)
Structured questions
(p.
7
-29)
17 a
18
b
c
a
b
c
B and C
Mucus traps dust.
Cilia beat mucus up the trachea,
preventing it from entering the lungs.
F, G and H
E, air sac
It is the site of gas exchange between air and blood.
2m
1m
1m
3m
1m x 2
1m
1m
0.5m
1m
0.5m
1m
1m
1m
1m
1m
0.5m
0.5m
1m
1m
General description of pressure changes
Decreases to a minimum of –0.29 / –0.3 / –0.31 kPa
at 0.8–0.9 s
Then returns to zero at the end of inspiration
at 1.62–1.7 s
Changes from –0.29 / –0.3 / –0.31 kPa to 0.29 / 0.3 / 0.31 kPa
Overall change of 0.58–0.62 kPa
i Contraction of diaphragm and intercostal muscles
Increased volume in thorax / chest, decreased pressure
Pressure rises as air moves in
ii Relaxation of diaphragm and intercostal muscles
Reference to elasticity / elastic fibres
Decreased volume in thorax / chest, increased pressure
Pressure decreases as air moves out
19 HKCEE Biology 2001 I Q4b
20 HKCEE Human Biology 1999 I Q1b
21 a
b
c
d
1m
Hydrogencarbonate indicator / lime water 1m
A: Hydrogencarbonate indicator changes to yellow / lime water turns milky 1m
B: Hydrogencarbonate indicator remains orange / lime water remains clear 1m
i Collect a jar of atmospheric air as inhaled air. 1m
Collect a jar of exhaled air by blowing slowly into a gas jar over water. 1m
Lower a burning candle into the jar of inhaled air and the jar of exhaled air. 1m
Record how long the candle can burn in each jar. 1m
ii The candle can burn longer in the jar of inhaled air. 1m
Oxford University Press 2009