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英语形容词的比较级

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2024年5月8日发(作者:睢雅洁)

A.形容词的比较分三级: B.单音节形容词在构成比较级和最高级时,在该词原级词尾分别添

加er和est:

bright brighter brightest

以字母e结尾的形容词分别添加r和st:

brave braver bravest

C.三个或三个以上音节的形容词在构成比较级和最高级时,在

该词原级前分别加副词more和most:

interested more interested most interested

frightening more frightening most frightening D.双音节形容词按上述两条规则

之一变化。以ful或re结尾的词通常添加more和most:

doubtful more doubtful most doubtful

obscure more obscure most obscure

以er,y或ly结尾的通常加er和est:

clever cleverer cleverest

pretty prettier prettiest(注意y变成i)

silly sillier silliest

E.不规则的变化有:

bad worse worst

far farther farthest(只指距离)

further furthest(用处较广;参见F,G)

good better best

little less least

many/much more most

old elder eldest(仅指人)

older oldest(指人和物) r/farthest和further/furthest

这些形式都可以指距离:

York is farther/further than Lincoln or Selby.

约克要比林肯市或赛尔比市远。

York is the farthest/furthest town.

约克是(离这里)最远的城市。

Yhrk is the farthest/furthest of the three.

约克是三个城市中(离这里)最远的一个。

(在最后一个句子中farthest/furthest是代名词。)further同样可以指“另外的/更多的”,主

要和抽象名词一起用:

Further supplies will soon be available.

很快会得到更多的供应。

Further discussion/debate would be pointless.

继续讨论/辩论是无意义的。

同理:

further enquiries/delays/demands/information/instructions

进一步(或更多的)询问/耽搁/要求/报导/指示

furthest同样可以和抽象名词连用来表示“最远的”:

This was the furthest point they reached in their discussion.

他们在讨论中最远就谈到这里。

This was the furthest concession he would make.

这是他肯做出的最大的让步。 和near(用于指距离)

与比较级和最高级连用时用法都较为灵活:

the farthest/furthest mountain最远的山

the nearest river最近的一条河

这两个形容词的原级用法比较有限。

far和near主要和bank(河岸),end(端,头),side(边),wall(墙)等连用:

the far bank河对岸,彼岸

the near bank你所在的一边的河岸,此岸

near还可以和east(东边)一起用构成the Near East(近东),

far可以和north,south,east以及west一起连用构成the farnorth(极北地带),the far south

(极南的地方),the Far East(远东)以及the far west(极西部地带)等。

和其他名词连用时far常常被distant(远方的)/remote(遥远的)所代替,near常被nearby

(附近的)/neighbouring(邻近的)所代替:a remote island(遥远的岛屿),the neighbouring

vil-lage(邻村)。

,eldest;older,oldest

elder和eldest主要表示的是长幼顺序而非年龄大小。主要用于表示家庭成员之间的长幼关系,

如my elder brother(我的兄长/哥哥),her eldest boy/girl(她的长子/长女)。

但在than前不能用elder,只能用older:

He is older than I am.

他比我年龄大。

英语口语中eldest,oldest和youngest在只有两个男孩/女孩/孩子等时也经常使用:

His eldest boy’s at school;the other is still at home.

他的大儿子在上学,另一个还呆在家里。

eldest和oldest作代词时,也可以这样用在应当使用比较级的地方:

Tom is the eldest.

(两人中的)汤姆是长子。 各种表示比较的句子结构

A.形容词的原级可与as…as连用表示“和……同样……”,与not as/so…as连用表不“不如……

那样……”:

A boy of sixteen is often as tall as his father.

一个16岁的男孩常常长得和他父亲一样高。

He was as white as a sheet.

他面色苍白如纸。

Manslaughter is not as/so bad as murder.

杀人罪没有谋杀罪那么重。

Your coffee is not as/so good as the coffee my mother makes.

你煮的咖啡不如我母亲煮的好。 B.形容词比较级可与than连用:

The new tower blocks are much higher than the old buildings.

新建的塔楼群比旧楼房要高得多。

He makes fewer mistakes than you(do).

他犯的错比你少。

He is stronger than I expected.

他长得要比我想像的结实。相当于:

I didn’t expect him to be so strong.

我没想到他长得这么壮。

It was more expensive than I thought.

这比我预料的昂贵多了。相当于:

I didn’t think it would be so expensive.

我没想到它会有这么贵。

如省略than…时,英语口语中常用最高级代替比较级:

This is the best way.

这是最好的办法。

在只有两种选择时也可用这种表示方法。 C.三个或三个以上的人或物进行比较时,以最高级

与the…in/of结构连用的方式来表达:

This is the oldest theatre in London.

这是伦敦最古老的剧院。

The youngest of the family was the most successful.

全家年龄最小的是最有成就的。

关系从句中经常使用完成时态:

It/This is the best beer(that) I have ever drunk.

这是我所喝过的最好的啤酒。

It/This was the worst film(that) he had ever seen.

这是他所看过的电影中最差的一部。

He is the kindest man(that) I have ever met.

他是我遇到过的最仁厚的人。

It was the most worrying day(that) he had ever spent.

这是他度过的最烦恼的日子。

注意:这里用的是ever而不是never;然而可以把never与比较级连用来表示同一概念:

I have never drunk better beer.

我从来没喝过这么好的啤酒。

I have never met a kinder man.

我从来没遇见过这么仁厚的人。

He had never spent a more worrying day.

他从来没有度过这样烦恼的日子。

注意:most+形容词(most前不加the)意为“非常”:

You are most kind.相当于:

You are very kind.

你很好心。

意为“非常”的most主要和双音节或多音节形容词连用,如:annoying(令人烦恼的),apologetic

(歉意的),disobedient(不服从的),encouraging(令人鼓舞的),exciting(兴奋的),helpful

(有帮助的),important(重要的),misleading(误导的)等。

D.要表达两个事物彼此相应增长时可用the+比较级…the+ 比较级这种结构:

House Agent:Do you want a big house?

房地产经纪人:你想买一栋大房子吗?

Ann:Yes,the bigger the better.

安:是的,越大越好。

Tom:But the smaller it is,the less it will cost us to heat.

汤姆:可是,房子越小,花的取暖费就越少。 E.一个事物的逐渐增长或减少用两个由and连

接的比较级表示:

The weather is getting colder and colder.

天气越来越冷了。

He became less and less interested.

他越来越不感兴趣。 F.用动名词或动词不定式对行为进行比较:

Riding a horse is not as easy as riding a motor cycle.

骑马不像骑摩托那么容易。

It is nicer/more fun to go with someone than to go alone.

偕伴同去比自己独自去好玩。 G.原级与like(相似,介词)和alike连用的结构:

Tom is very like Bill.

汤姆长得很像比尔。

Bill and Tom are very alike.

贝尔和汤姆长得很像。

He keeps the central heating full on.It’s like living in the tropics.

他把暖气开到最大。就好像住在热带一样。 H.原级与like和as连用(下面列举几个副词和

形容词的句子)从理论上讲like(介词)只能与名词、代词和动名词连用:

He swims like a fish.

他游起泳来像条鱼。

You look like a ghost.

你都不像人样了。

Be like Peter/him:go jogging.

像彼得/他那样:去慢跑吧。

The windows were all barred.It was like being in prison.

窗子都用铁棒封住了。就像住在监狱里一样。

as(连词)与动词连用的结构:

Do as Peter does:go jogging.

像彼得那样:去慢跑吧。

Why don’t you cycle to work as we do?

你干嘛不像我们这样骑车上班?

但在英语口语中,这些地方常用like代替as:

Cycle to work like we do.

像我们一样骑车上班。

I like+名词和as+名词结构:

He worked like a slave.

他像奴隶一样地干活。(非常劳累)

He worked as a slave.

他作为奴隶干活。(他是奴隶。)

She used her umberlla as a weapon.

她拿伞当武器。(她用伞打他。)

2024年5月8日发(作者:睢雅洁)

A.形容词的比较分三级: B.单音节形容词在构成比较级和最高级时,在该词原级词尾分别添

加er和est:

bright brighter brightest

以字母e结尾的形容词分别添加r和st:

brave braver bravest

C.三个或三个以上音节的形容词在构成比较级和最高级时,在

该词原级前分别加副词more和most:

interested more interested most interested

frightening more frightening most frightening D.双音节形容词按上述两条规则

之一变化。以ful或re结尾的词通常添加more和most:

doubtful more doubtful most doubtful

obscure more obscure most obscure

以er,y或ly结尾的通常加er和est:

clever cleverer cleverest

pretty prettier prettiest(注意y变成i)

silly sillier silliest

E.不规则的变化有:

bad worse worst

far farther farthest(只指距离)

further furthest(用处较广;参见F,G)

good better best

little less least

many/much more most

old elder eldest(仅指人)

older oldest(指人和物) r/farthest和further/furthest

这些形式都可以指距离:

York is farther/further than Lincoln or Selby.

约克要比林肯市或赛尔比市远。

York is the farthest/furthest town.

约克是(离这里)最远的城市。

Yhrk is the farthest/furthest of the three.

约克是三个城市中(离这里)最远的一个。

(在最后一个句子中farthest/furthest是代名词。)further同样可以指“另外的/更多的”,主

要和抽象名词一起用:

Further supplies will soon be available.

很快会得到更多的供应。

Further discussion/debate would be pointless.

继续讨论/辩论是无意义的。

同理:

further enquiries/delays/demands/information/instructions

进一步(或更多的)询问/耽搁/要求/报导/指示

furthest同样可以和抽象名词连用来表示“最远的”:

This was the furthest point they reached in their discussion.

他们在讨论中最远就谈到这里。

This was the furthest concession he would make.

这是他肯做出的最大的让步。 和near(用于指距离)

与比较级和最高级连用时用法都较为灵活:

the farthest/furthest mountain最远的山

the nearest river最近的一条河

这两个形容词的原级用法比较有限。

far和near主要和bank(河岸),end(端,头),side(边),wall(墙)等连用:

the far bank河对岸,彼岸

the near bank你所在的一边的河岸,此岸

near还可以和east(东边)一起用构成the Near East(近东),

far可以和north,south,east以及west一起连用构成the farnorth(极北地带),the far south

(极南的地方),the Far East(远东)以及the far west(极西部地带)等。

和其他名词连用时far常常被distant(远方的)/remote(遥远的)所代替,near常被nearby

(附近的)/neighbouring(邻近的)所代替:a remote island(遥远的岛屿),the neighbouring

vil-lage(邻村)。

,eldest;older,oldest

elder和eldest主要表示的是长幼顺序而非年龄大小。主要用于表示家庭成员之间的长幼关系,

如my elder brother(我的兄长/哥哥),her eldest boy/girl(她的长子/长女)。

但在than前不能用elder,只能用older:

He is older than I am.

他比我年龄大。

英语口语中eldest,oldest和youngest在只有两个男孩/女孩/孩子等时也经常使用:

His eldest boy’s at school;the other is still at home.

他的大儿子在上学,另一个还呆在家里。

eldest和oldest作代词时,也可以这样用在应当使用比较级的地方:

Tom is the eldest.

(两人中的)汤姆是长子。 各种表示比较的句子结构

A.形容词的原级可与as…as连用表示“和……同样……”,与not as/so…as连用表不“不如……

那样……”:

A boy of sixteen is often as tall as his father.

一个16岁的男孩常常长得和他父亲一样高。

He was as white as a sheet.

他面色苍白如纸。

Manslaughter is not as/so bad as murder.

杀人罪没有谋杀罪那么重。

Your coffee is not as/so good as the coffee my mother makes.

你煮的咖啡不如我母亲煮的好。 B.形容词比较级可与than连用:

The new tower blocks are much higher than the old buildings.

新建的塔楼群比旧楼房要高得多。

He makes fewer mistakes than you(do).

他犯的错比你少。

He is stronger than I expected.

他长得要比我想像的结实。相当于:

I didn’t expect him to be so strong.

我没想到他长得这么壮。

It was more expensive than I thought.

这比我预料的昂贵多了。相当于:

I didn’t think it would be so expensive.

我没想到它会有这么贵。

如省略than…时,英语口语中常用最高级代替比较级:

This is the best way.

这是最好的办法。

在只有两种选择时也可用这种表示方法。 C.三个或三个以上的人或物进行比较时,以最高级

与the…in/of结构连用的方式来表达:

This is the oldest theatre in London.

这是伦敦最古老的剧院。

The youngest of the family was the most successful.

全家年龄最小的是最有成就的。

关系从句中经常使用完成时态:

It/This is the best beer(that) I have ever drunk.

这是我所喝过的最好的啤酒。

It/This was the worst film(that) he had ever seen.

这是他所看过的电影中最差的一部。

He is the kindest man(that) I have ever met.

他是我遇到过的最仁厚的人。

It was the most worrying day(that) he had ever spent.

这是他度过的最烦恼的日子。

注意:这里用的是ever而不是never;然而可以把never与比较级连用来表示同一概念:

I have never drunk better beer.

我从来没喝过这么好的啤酒。

I have never met a kinder man.

我从来没遇见过这么仁厚的人。

He had never spent a more worrying day.

他从来没有度过这样烦恼的日子。

注意:most+形容词(most前不加the)意为“非常”:

You are most kind.相当于:

You are very kind.

你很好心。

意为“非常”的most主要和双音节或多音节形容词连用,如:annoying(令人烦恼的),apologetic

(歉意的),disobedient(不服从的),encouraging(令人鼓舞的),exciting(兴奋的),helpful

(有帮助的),important(重要的),misleading(误导的)等。

D.要表达两个事物彼此相应增长时可用the+比较级…the+ 比较级这种结构:

House Agent:Do you want a big house?

房地产经纪人:你想买一栋大房子吗?

Ann:Yes,the bigger the better.

安:是的,越大越好。

Tom:But the smaller it is,the less it will cost us to heat.

汤姆:可是,房子越小,花的取暖费就越少。 E.一个事物的逐渐增长或减少用两个由and连

接的比较级表示:

The weather is getting colder and colder.

天气越来越冷了。

He became less and less interested.

他越来越不感兴趣。 F.用动名词或动词不定式对行为进行比较:

Riding a horse is not as easy as riding a motor cycle.

骑马不像骑摩托那么容易。

It is nicer/more fun to go with someone than to go alone.

偕伴同去比自己独自去好玩。 G.原级与like(相似,介词)和alike连用的结构:

Tom is very like Bill.

汤姆长得很像比尔。

Bill and Tom are very alike.

贝尔和汤姆长得很像。

He keeps the central heating full on.It’s like living in the tropics.

他把暖气开到最大。就好像住在热带一样。 H.原级与like和as连用(下面列举几个副词和

形容词的句子)从理论上讲like(介词)只能与名词、代词和动名词连用:

He swims like a fish.

他游起泳来像条鱼。

You look like a ghost.

你都不像人样了。

Be like Peter/him:go jogging.

像彼得/他那样:去慢跑吧。

The windows were all barred.It was like being in prison.

窗子都用铁棒封住了。就像住在监狱里一样。

as(连词)与动词连用的结构:

Do as Peter does:go jogging.

像彼得那样:去慢跑吧。

Why don’t you cycle to work as we do?

你干嘛不像我们这样骑车上班?

但在英语口语中,这些地方常用like代替as:

Cycle to work like we do.

像我们一样骑车上班。

I like+名词和as+名词结构:

He worked like a slave.

他像奴隶一样地干活。(非常劳累)

He worked as a slave.

他作为奴隶干活。(他是奴隶。)

She used her umberlla as a weapon.

她拿伞当武器。(她用伞打他。)

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