2024年5月8日发(作者:睢雅洁)
A.形容词的比较分三级: B.单音节形容词在构成比较级和最高级时,在该词原级词尾分别添
加er和est:
bright brighter brightest
以字母e结尾的形容词分别添加r和st:
brave braver bravest
C.三个或三个以上音节的形容词在构成比较级和最高级时,在
该词原级前分别加副词more和most:
interested more interested most interested
frightening more frightening most frightening D.双音节形容词按上述两条规则
之一变化。以ful或re结尾的词通常添加more和most:
doubtful more doubtful most doubtful
obscure more obscure most obscure
以er,y或ly结尾的通常加er和est:
clever cleverer cleverest
pretty prettier prettiest(注意y变成i)
silly sillier silliest
E.不规则的变化有:
bad worse worst
far farther farthest(只指距离)
further furthest(用处较广;参见F,G)
good better best
little less least
many/much more most
old elder eldest(仅指人)
older oldest(指人和物) r/farthest和further/furthest
这些形式都可以指距离:
York is farther/further than Lincoln or Selby.
约克要比林肯市或赛尔比市远。
York is the farthest/furthest town.
约克是(离这里)最远的城市。
Yhrk is the farthest/furthest of the three.
约克是三个城市中(离这里)最远的一个。
(在最后一个句子中farthest/furthest是代名词。)further同样可以指“另外的/更多的”,主
要和抽象名词一起用:
Further supplies will soon be available.
很快会得到更多的供应。
Further discussion/debate would be pointless.
继续讨论/辩论是无意义的。
同理:
further enquiries/delays/demands/information/instructions
进一步(或更多的)询问/耽搁/要求/报导/指示
furthest同样可以和抽象名词连用来表示“最远的”:
This was the furthest point they reached in their discussion.
他们在讨论中最远就谈到这里。
This was the furthest concession he would make.
这是他肯做出的最大的让步。 和near(用于指距离)
与比较级和最高级连用时用法都较为灵活:
the farthest/furthest mountain最远的山
the nearest river最近的一条河
这两个形容词的原级用法比较有限。
far和near主要和bank(河岸),end(端,头),side(边),wall(墙)等连用:
the far bank河对岸,彼岸
the near bank你所在的一边的河岸,此岸
near还可以和east(东边)一起用构成the Near East(近东),
far可以和north,south,east以及west一起连用构成the farnorth(极北地带),the far south
(极南的地方),the Far East(远东)以及the far west(极西部地带)等。
和其他名词连用时far常常被distant(远方的)/remote(遥远的)所代替,near常被nearby
(附近的)/neighbouring(邻近的)所代替:a remote island(遥远的岛屿),the neighbouring
vil-lage(邻村)。
,eldest;older,oldest
elder和eldest主要表示的是长幼顺序而非年龄大小。主要用于表示家庭成员之间的长幼关系,
如my elder brother(我的兄长/哥哥),her eldest boy/girl(她的长子/长女)。
但在than前不能用elder,只能用older:
He is older than I am.
他比我年龄大。
英语口语中eldest,oldest和youngest在只有两个男孩/女孩/孩子等时也经常使用:
His eldest boy’s at school;the other is still at home.
他的大儿子在上学,另一个还呆在家里。
eldest和oldest作代词时,也可以这样用在应当使用比较级的地方:
Tom is the eldest.
(两人中的)汤姆是长子。 各种表示比较的句子结构
A.形容词的原级可与as…as连用表示“和……同样……”,与not as/so…as连用表不“不如……
那样……”:
A boy of sixteen is often as tall as his father.
一个16岁的男孩常常长得和他父亲一样高。
He was as white as a sheet.
他面色苍白如纸。
Manslaughter is not as/so bad as murder.
杀人罪没有谋杀罪那么重。
Your coffee is not as/so good as the coffee my mother makes.
你煮的咖啡不如我母亲煮的好。 B.形容词比较级可与than连用:
The new tower blocks are much higher than the old buildings.
新建的塔楼群比旧楼房要高得多。
He makes fewer mistakes than you(do).
他犯的错比你少。
He is stronger than I expected.
他长得要比我想像的结实。相当于:
I didn’t expect him to be so strong.
我没想到他长得这么壮。
It was more expensive than I thought.
这比我预料的昂贵多了。相当于:
I didn’t think it would be so expensive.
我没想到它会有这么贵。
如省略than…时,英语口语中常用最高级代替比较级:
This is the best way.
这是最好的办法。
在只有两种选择时也可用这种表示方法。 C.三个或三个以上的人或物进行比较时,以最高级
与the…in/of结构连用的方式来表达:
This is the oldest theatre in London.
这是伦敦最古老的剧院。
The youngest of the family was the most successful.
全家年龄最小的是最有成就的。
关系从句中经常使用完成时态:
It/This is the best beer(that) I have ever drunk.
这是我所喝过的最好的啤酒。
It/This was the worst film(that) he had ever seen.
这是他所看过的电影中最差的一部。
He is the kindest man(that) I have ever met.
他是我遇到过的最仁厚的人。
It was the most worrying day(that) he had ever spent.
这是他度过的最烦恼的日子。
注意:这里用的是ever而不是never;然而可以把never与比较级连用来表示同一概念:
I have never drunk better beer.
我从来没喝过这么好的啤酒。
I have never met a kinder man.
我从来没遇见过这么仁厚的人。
He had never spent a more worrying day.
他从来没有度过这样烦恼的日子。
注意:most+形容词(most前不加the)意为“非常”:
You are most kind.相当于:
You are very kind.
你很好心。
意为“非常”的most主要和双音节或多音节形容词连用,如:annoying(令人烦恼的),apologetic
(歉意的),disobedient(不服从的),encouraging(令人鼓舞的),exciting(兴奋的),helpful
(有帮助的),important(重要的),misleading(误导的)等。
D.要表达两个事物彼此相应增长时可用the+比较级…the+ 比较级这种结构:
House Agent:Do you want a big house?
房地产经纪人:你想买一栋大房子吗?
Ann:Yes,the bigger the better.
安:是的,越大越好。
Tom:But the smaller it is,the less it will cost us to heat.
汤姆:可是,房子越小,花的取暖费就越少。 E.一个事物的逐渐增长或减少用两个由and连
接的比较级表示:
The weather is getting colder and colder.
天气越来越冷了。
He became less and less interested.
他越来越不感兴趣。 F.用动名词或动词不定式对行为进行比较:
Riding a horse is not as easy as riding a motor cycle.
骑马不像骑摩托那么容易。
It is nicer/more fun to go with someone than to go alone.
偕伴同去比自己独自去好玩。 G.原级与like(相似,介词)和alike连用的结构:
Tom is very like Bill.
汤姆长得很像比尔。
Bill and Tom are very alike.
贝尔和汤姆长得很像。
He keeps the central heating full on.It’s like living in the tropics.
他把暖气开到最大。就好像住在热带一样。 H.原级与like和as连用(下面列举几个副词和
形容词的句子)从理论上讲like(介词)只能与名词、代词和动名词连用:
He swims like a fish.
他游起泳来像条鱼。
You look like a ghost.
你都不像人样了。
Be like Peter/him:go jogging.
像彼得/他那样:去慢跑吧。
The windows were all barred.It was like being in prison.
窗子都用铁棒封住了。就像住在监狱里一样。
as(连词)与动词连用的结构:
Do as Peter does:go jogging.
像彼得那样:去慢跑吧。
Why don’t you cycle to work as we do?
你干嘛不像我们这样骑车上班?
但在英语口语中,这些地方常用like代替as:
Cycle to work like we do.
像我们一样骑车上班。
I like+名词和as+名词结构:
He worked like a slave.
他像奴隶一样地干活。(非常劳累)
He worked as a slave.
他作为奴隶干活。(他是奴隶。)
She used her umberlla as a weapon.
她拿伞当武器。(她用伞打他。)
2024年5月8日发(作者:睢雅洁)
A.形容词的比较分三级: B.单音节形容词在构成比较级和最高级时,在该词原级词尾分别添
加er和est:
bright brighter brightest
以字母e结尾的形容词分别添加r和st:
brave braver bravest
C.三个或三个以上音节的形容词在构成比较级和最高级时,在
该词原级前分别加副词more和most:
interested more interested most interested
frightening more frightening most frightening D.双音节形容词按上述两条规则
之一变化。以ful或re结尾的词通常添加more和most:
doubtful more doubtful most doubtful
obscure more obscure most obscure
以er,y或ly结尾的通常加er和est:
clever cleverer cleverest
pretty prettier prettiest(注意y变成i)
silly sillier silliest
E.不规则的变化有:
bad worse worst
far farther farthest(只指距离)
further furthest(用处较广;参见F,G)
good better best
little less least
many/much more most
old elder eldest(仅指人)
older oldest(指人和物) r/farthest和further/furthest
这些形式都可以指距离:
York is farther/further than Lincoln or Selby.
约克要比林肯市或赛尔比市远。
York is the farthest/furthest town.
约克是(离这里)最远的城市。
Yhrk is the farthest/furthest of the three.
约克是三个城市中(离这里)最远的一个。
(在最后一个句子中farthest/furthest是代名词。)further同样可以指“另外的/更多的”,主
要和抽象名词一起用:
Further supplies will soon be available.
很快会得到更多的供应。
Further discussion/debate would be pointless.
继续讨论/辩论是无意义的。
同理:
further enquiries/delays/demands/information/instructions
进一步(或更多的)询问/耽搁/要求/报导/指示
furthest同样可以和抽象名词连用来表示“最远的”:
This was the furthest point they reached in their discussion.
他们在讨论中最远就谈到这里。
This was the furthest concession he would make.
这是他肯做出的最大的让步。 和near(用于指距离)
与比较级和最高级连用时用法都较为灵活:
the farthest/furthest mountain最远的山
the nearest river最近的一条河
这两个形容词的原级用法比较有限。
far和near主要和bank(河岸),end(端,头),side(边),wall(墙)等连用:
the far bank河对岸,彼岸
the near bank你所在的一边的河岸,此岸
near还可以和east(东边)一起用构成the Near East(近东),
far可以和north,south,east以及west一起连用构成the farnorth(极北地带),the far south
(极南的地方),the Far East(远东)以及the far west(极西部地带)等。
和其他名词连用时far常常被distant(远方的)/remote(遥远的)所代替,near常被nearby
(附近的)/neighbouring(邻近的)所代替:a remote island(遥远的岛屿),the neighbouring
vil-lage(邻村)。
,eldest;older,oldest
elder和eldest主要表示的是长幼顺序而非年龄大小。主要用于表示家庭成员之间的长幼关系,
如my elder brother(我的兄长/哥哥),her eldest boy/girl(她的长子/长女)。
但在than前不能用elder,只能用older:
He is older than I am.
他比我年龄大。
英语口语中eldest,oldest和youngest在只有两个男孩/女孩/孩子等时也经常使用:
His eldest boy’s at school;the other is still at home.
他的大儿子在上学,另一个还呆在家里。
eldest和oldest作代词时,也可以这样用在应当使用比较级的地方:
Tom is the eldest.
(两人中的)汤姆是长子。 各种表示比较的句子结构
A.形容词的原级可与as…as连用表示“和……同样……”,与not as/so…as连用表不“不如……
那样……”:
A boy of sixteen is often as tall as his father.
一个16岁的男孩常常长得和他父亲一样高。
He was as white as a sheet.
他面色苍白如纸。
Manslaughter is not as/so bad as murder.
杀人罪没有谋杀罪那么重。
Your coffee is not as/so good as the coffee my mother makes.
你煮的咖啡不如我母亲煮的好。 B.形容词比较级可与than连用:
The new tower blocks are much higher than the old buildings.
新建的塔楼群比旧楼房要高得多。
He makes fewer mistakes than you(do).
他犯的错比你少。
He is stronger than I expected.
他长得要比我想像的结实。相当于:
I didn’t expect him to be so strong.
我没想到他长得这么壮。
It was more expensive than I thought.
这比我预料的昂贵多了。相当于:
I didn’t think it would be so expensive.
我没想到它会有这么贵。
如省略than…时,英语口语中常用最高级代替比较级:
This is the best way.
这是最好的办法。
在只有两种选择时也可用这种表示方法。 C.三个或三个以上的人或物进行比较时,以最高级
与the…in/of结构连用的方式来表达:
This is the oldest theatre in London.
这是伦敦最古老的剧院。
The youngest of the family was the most successful.
全家年龄最小的是最有成就的。
关系从句中经常使用完成时态:
It/This is the best beer(that) I have ever drunk.
这是我所喝过的最好的啤酒。
It/This was the worst film(that) he had ever seen.
这是他所看过的电影中最差的一部。
He is the kindest man(that) I have ever met.
他是我遇到过的最仁厚的人。
It was the most worrying day(that) he had ever spent.
这是他度过的最烦恼的日子。
注意:这里用的是ever而不是never;然而可以把never与比较级连用来表示同一概念:
I have never drunk better beer.
我从来没喝过这么好的啤酒。
I have never met a kinder man.
我从来没遇见过这么仁厚的人。
He had never spent a more worrying day.
他从来没有度过这样烦恼的日子。
注意:most+形容词(most前不加the)意为“非常”:
You are most kind.相当于:
You are very kind.
你很好心。
意为“非常”的most主要和双音节或多音节形容词连用,如:annoying(令人烦恼的),apologetic
(歉意的),disobedient(不服从的),encouraging(令人鼓舞的),exciting(兴奋的),helpful
(有帮助的),important(重要的),misleading(误导的)等。
D.要表达两个事物彼此相应增长时可用the+比较级…the+ 比较级这种结构:
House Agent:Do you want a big house?
房地产经纪人:你想买一栋大房子吗?
Ann:Yes,the bigger the better.
安:是的,越大越好。
Tom:But the smaller it is,the less it will cost us to heat.
汤姆:可是,房子越小,花的取暖费就越少。 E.一个事物的逐渐增长或减少用两个由and连
接的比较级表示:
The weather is getting colder and colder.
天气越来越冷了。
He became less and less interested.
他越来越不感兴趣。 F.用动名词或动词不定式对行为进行比较:
Riding a horse is not as easy as riding a motor cycle.
骑马不像骑摩托那么容易。
It is nicer/more fun to go with someone than to go alone.
偕伴同去比自己独自去好玩。 G.原级与like(相似,介词)和alike连用的结构:
Tom is very like Bill.
汤姆长得很像比尔。
Bill and Tom are very alike.
贝尔和汤姆长得很像。
He keeps the central heating full on.It’s like living in the tropics.
他把暖气开到最大。就好像住在热带一样。 H.原级与like和as连用(下面列举几个副词和
形容词的句子)从理论上讲like(介词)只能与名词、代词和动名词连用:
He swims like a fish.
他游起泳来像条鱼。
You look like a ghost.
你都不像人样了。
Be like Peter/him:go jogging.
像彼得/他那样:去慢跑吧。
The windows were all barred.It was like being in prison.
窗子都用铁棒封住了。就像住在监狱里一样。
as(连词)与动词连用的结构:
Do as Peter does:go jogging.
像彼得那样:去慢跑吧。
Why don’t you cycle to work as we do?
你干嘛不像我们这样骑车上班?
但在英语口语中,这些地方常用like代替as:
Cycle to work like we do.
像我们一样骑车上班。
I like+名词和as+名词结构:
He worked like a slave.
他像奴隶一样地干活。(非常劳累)
He worked as a slave.
他作为奴隶干活。(他是奴隶。)
She used her umberlla as a weapon.
她拿伞当武器。(她用伞打他。)