2024年5月11日发(作者：龚阳曦)
TOEFL iBT
Integrated Writing
TPO 50
Reading:
Scientists are considering the possibility of sending humans to Mars in the
coming decades. Although there have been successful manned missions to the
Moon in the 1960s and 1970s, Mars is 150 times further away from Earth than the
Moon is. Thus the project of sending humans to Mars would require solving an
array of problems the Moon missions did not have to face.
One problem is that a round-trip to Mars and back is likely to take at least two
years. The trip to the Moon lasted only a few days, and it was easy to bring enough
supplies of food, water, and oxygen; but the cargo capacity of space vehicles is too
limited to put on board the food, water, and oxygen required by a crew for a
period of two years. Without those essentials, though, a Mars mission is
impossible.
A second problem is that astronauts on the Mars mission would be in the
zero-gravity environment of space for many months at a time. Spending a long
time in the zero-gravity environment has negative effects on the human body,
such as decreased muscle mass and lower bone density. Over the course of a
two-year mission, the effects would be so severe, they would make it impossible
for humans to make the trip without experiencing grave medical problems.
Finally, astronauts on a mission to Mars would be exposed to dangerous levels
of space radiation, much of which comes in the form of charged particles emitted
by the Sun. Earth's magnetic field, which normally protects us from dangerous
solar radiation, would not be able to protect a spaceship traveling in interplanetary
space. Constructing a shield that would protect the whole spaceship from space
radiation is at present impossible because it would add too much weight to the
ship.
Lecture:
A trip to mars would definitely be challenging but scientists have proposed
solutions to the problems the reading selection discusses.
First of all, food, water and oxygen. Well astronauts can use hydroponics.
Hydroponics is a technique for growing plants with their roots in water rather than
in soil. It requires relatively little space. Using hydroponics, the astronauts should
be able to cultivate food crops in the spacecraft. In addition, the hydroponic will
grow plants with recycle waste water and release it as clean water vapor, which can
be collected as drinking water. And of course, all plants absorb carbon dioxide and
release oxygen. So thanks to hydroponics the astronauts will also have fresh air to
breathe.
2024年5月11日发(作者：龚阳曦)
TOEFL iBT
Integrated Writing
TPO 50
Reading:
Scientists are considering the possibility of sending humans to Mars in the
coming decades. Although there have been successful manned missions to the
Moon in the 1960s and 1970s, Mars is 150 times further away from Earth than the
Moon is. Thus the project of sending humans to Mars would require solving an
array of problems the Moon missions did not have to face.
One problem is that a round-trip to Mars and back is likely to take at least two
years. The trip to the Moon lasted only a few days, and it was easy to bring enough
supplies of food, water, and oxygen; but the cargo capacity of space vehicles is too
limited to put on board the food, water, and oxygen required by a crew for a
period of two years. Without those essentials, though, a Mars mission is
impossible.
A second problem is that astronauts on the Mars mission would be in the
zero-gravity environment of space for many months at a time. Spending a long
time in the zero-gravity environment has negative effects on the human body,
such as decreased muscle mass and lower bone density. Over the course of a
two-year mission, the effects would be so severe, they would make it impossible
for humans to make the trip without experiencing grave medical problems.
Finally, astronauts on a mission to Mars would be exposed to dangerous levels
of space radiation, much of which comes in the form of charged particles emitted
by the Sun. Earth's magnetic field, which normally protects us from dangerous
solar radiation, would not be able to protect a spaceship traveling in interplanetary
space. Constructing a shield that would protect the whole spaceship from space
radiation is at present impossible because it would add too much weight to the
ship.
Lecture:
A trip to mars would definitely be challenging but scientists have proposed
solutions to the problems the reading selection discusses.
First of all, food, water and oxygen. Well astronauts can use hydroponics.
Hydroponics is a technique for growing plants with their roots in water rather than
in soil. It requires relatively little space. Using hydroponics, the astronauts should
be able to cultivate food crops in the spacecraft. In addition, the hydroponic will
grow plants with recycle waste water and release it as clean water vapor, which can
be collected as drinking water. And of course, all plants absorb carbon dioxide and
release oxygen. So thanks to hydroponics the astronauts will also have fresh air to
breathe.