上海市进才中学2023-2024学年高二上学期9月考试英语试卷-USB迷|专注于互联网分享

2024年5月16日发(作者：公西涵衍)

上海市进才中学2023-2024学年高二上学期9月考试英语试

卷

学校

:___________

姓名：

___________

班级：

___________

考号：

___________

一、用单词的适当形式完成短文

Directions:

After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent

and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper

form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

In the past few years, scientists have found microplastics in our soil, tap water, bottled

water, beer and even in the air we breathe. And there’s growing concern about the potential

health risks they pose 1 humans.

The new analysis in the UK have discovered microplastics widely distributed across all

10 lakes and rivers sampled. More than 1,000 small pieces of plastic per litre were found in

the River Tame, which was revealed last year as 2 (pollute) place tested worldwide.

Even in relatively remote places such as the Falls of Dochart and Loch Lomond in Scotland,

two or three pieces per litre were found.

Microplastics are not a specific kind of plastic, but rather any type of small pieces of

plastic 3 is less than 5 mm in length according to the U.S. National Oceanic and

Atmospheric Administration. They 4 originate from a variety of sources, including

cosmetics, clothing, and industrial processes.

Humans are known to consume the tiny plastic particles through food and water, but the

possible health effects on people and ecosystems have yet 5 (determine). One study,

in Singapore, has found that microplastics can harbor harmful microbes.

Research by the National University of Singapore found more than 400 types of bacteria

on 275 pieces of microplastic 6 (collect) from local beaches. 7 included

insects that cause gastroenteritis (

肠胃炎

) and wound infections in humans.

“Microplastics 8 (find) absolutely everywhere now but we do not know the harm

they could be doing,” said Christian Dunn at Bangor University, Wales, who led the work.

“It’s no use 9 (look) back in 20 years’ time and saying: ‘If only we’d realized just

how bad it was.’ We need to be monitoring our waters now and we need to think, as a country

and a world, 10 we can be reducing our reliance on plastic.”

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二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文

Directions:

Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used

only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

．

means

．

previously

．

mark

．

interpreted

．

stretches

．

sound

．

resulting

．

absorb

．

presence

．

initially

．

mastered

How and why, roughly 2 million years ago, early human ancestors evolved large brains

and began fashioning relatively advanced stone tools, is one of the great mysteries of

evolution. Some researchers argue these changes were brought about by the invention of

cooking. They point out that our bite weakened around the same time as our larger brains

evolved, and that it takes less energy to 11 nutrients from cooked food. As a result,

once they had learned the art, early chefs could invest less in their digestive systems and thus

invest the 12 energy savings in building larger brains capable of complex thought.

There is, however, a problem with the cooking theory. Most archaeologists believe the

evidence of controlled fire 13 back no more than 790,000 years.

Roger Summons of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has a solution. Together

with his team, he analyzed 1.7 million-year-old sandstones that formed in an ancient river at

Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania. The region is famous for the large number of human fossils (

化石

)

that have been discovered there, alongside an impressive assembly of stone tools. The

sandstones themselves have 14 yielded some of the world’s earliest complex hand axes

— large tear-drop-shaped stone tools that are associated with Homo erectus (

直立人

Creating an axe by repeatedly knocking thin pieces off a raw stone in order to create two

sharp cutting edges requires a significant amount of planning. Their appearance is therefore

thought to 15 an important moment in intellectual evolution. During the process, the

researchers found distinctive but unusual biological molecules (

分子

) that are often 16

as biomarkers of heat-tolerant bacteria. Some of these live in water between 85℃ and 95℃.

The molecules’ 17 suggests that an ancient river within the Gorge was once fed by

one or more hot springs.

Dr. Summons and his colleagues say the hot springs would have provided a convenient

“pre-fire” 18 of cooking food. In New Zealand, the Maori have traditionally cooked

food in hot springs, either by lowering it into the boiling water or fey digging a hole in the hot

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earth. Similar methods exist in Japan and Iceland, so it makes 19 sense, if difficult to

prove, that early humans might have used hot springs to cook meat and roots. Richard

Wrangham, who devised the cooking theory, is fascinated by the idea. Nonetheless, fire

would have offered a distinct advantage to humans, once they had 20 the art of

controlling it since, unlike a hot spring, it is a transportable resource.

三、完形填空

On August 29th, as Hurricane Dorian tracked towards America’s east coast, customers of

Tesla came across something unusual. Some of these electric-car owners in the storm’s path

unexpectedly found that their cars had suddenly developed the ability to drive farther on a

single battery 21 . Like many modern vehicles, Elon Musk’s products are best thought

of as internet-connected computers on wheels. The cheaper models in Tesla’s line-up have

parts of their batteries 22 by the car’s software in order to limit their range. At the

tap of a keyboard in Palo Alto, the firm was able to remove those restrictions and give drivers

23 access to the full power of their batteries.

Mr. Musk’s computerized cars are just one example of a much broader trend. As

computers and connectivity become cheaper, it makes sense to 24 them into more

and more things that are not, in themselves, computers, creating an “internet of things”.

Such a world will bring many benefits. Consumers will get convenience, and products

that can do things non-computerized versions cannot. Meanwhile, businesses will get

efficiency, as information about the physical world that used to be uncertain becomes 25

and analyzable.

In the long term, though, the most obvious effects will be in how the world works. Ever

more companies will become tech companies; the internet will become everywhere. As a

result, numerous unresolved arguments are bound to 26 from the virtual world into

the real one.

Start with ownership. As Mr. Musk showed, the internet gives firms the ability to stay

27 to their products even after they have been sold, transforming them into something

closer to services than goods. That has already made the traditional ideas of ownership

28 . When Microsoft closed its ebook store in July, 29 , its customers lost the ability

to read titles they had bought (the firm offered refunds). That shifts the balance of power from

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the customer to the seller.

Virtual business models will 30 in the physical world. Tech firms are

generally happy to move fast and break things. But you cannot release the beta version

（测试

of a fridge. Apple, a smartphonemaker, provides updates for its phones for only five years

版）

or so after their release; users of Android smartphones are lucky to get two. But goods such as

washing machines or industrial machinery can have lifespans of a decade or more. Firms will

need to work out how to support complicated computerized devices long after their 31

programmers have moved on.

Data will be another flashpoint (

导火索

). For much of the internet the business model is

to offer “free” services that are 32 for with valuable user data, collected with

authorization that is half-informed at best. In the virtual world, arguments about what should

be tracked, and who owns the resulting data, can seem casual and theoretical while they

appear more 33 in the real one.

34 the consequences of any technology is hard — especially one as

universal as computing. The emergence of the consumer internet, 25 years ago, was met with

blind 35 while these days the internet’s faults dominate the headlines. But the

people have the advantage of having lived through the first internet revolution — which

should give them some idea of what to expect.

．

scale

．

influenced

．

temporary

．

integrate

．

secure

．

overflow

．

pinned

．

plant

．

extended

．

remote

．

pack

．

decisive

．

overgrow

．

fixed

．

charge

．

employed

．

indefinite

．

immerse

．

solid

．

transform

．

connected

．

unclear

．

as usual

．

fade

．

original

．

applied

．

discouraging

．

Preventing

．

drain

．

disabled

．

disposable

．

switch

．

tangible

．

transmit

．

tuned

．

unavailable

．

for instance

．

expand

．

respected

．

made

．

affecting

．

Preserving

．

unreasonable B

．

unrealistic

．

in return

．

boom

．

committed

．

paid

．

confusing

．

Presenting

．

in fact

．

conflict

．

conscious

．

substituted

．

pressing

．

Predicting

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．

optimism

．

guarantee C

．

imitation D

．

obedience

四、阅读理解

When I first set foot in Western Australia’s Pilbara, a landscape holding

3.5-billion-year-old clues to the beginning of life, I was very disappointed. The year was 1994.

I drove excitedly out of the west coast town of Port Hedland, but all I saw for the first 150

kilometers were a few dead trees and smoky dust across the burnt, flat plain. What had I

gotten myself into? And the heat!! I’d never experienced anything this terrible before. Or

breathed air so thick with biting flies.

But as we continued to head south on the highway to Marble Bar—the hottest town in

Australia—some low, broad hills started to rise from the horizon. As we continued down a

dirt track into the hills, the burnt plains gave way to grass-covered hills. This grass is called

spinifex, an amazing but devilish creation. It grows as bushes up to one meter in diameter(

直

径

), with round, fine leaves with needle-sharp tips. The tips will go through just about any

piece of cloth. My supervisor wore thick gaiters(

护腿

) to protect his legs. But he had failed to

inform me of the hazard. Without any gaiters, my skin was covered with needle tips that

broke off within minutes, which remained in my flesh for months.

The land, ultimately, proved worth the discomfort.

Here I was walking over some of

Earth’s oldest, best-preserved rocks that contain evidence of life from almost the very

beginnings of time on our planet.

This area had changed much from when it was first formed 3.5 billion years ago. Back

then it would have been a black volcanic land, with no color from vegetation. Over the hills I

might have seen a green, iron-rich sea under an orange sky heavy with carbon dioxide and

without oxygen. Nearby in the landscape I’d come across fields of hot springs, and here I’d

start to see some color. There would be stretches of white and yellow and red around bubbling

mud pools and geysers(

间歇泉

Several billion years later the world, would turn cold and become covered in a global ice

sheet, wiping out almost every living thing. When it melted away, oxygen levels rose again.

Life really got going. Animals slowly colonized the land, as did new types of plants. The

greening of our planet began, and a wide variety of organisms appeared including,

unfortunately for me, spinifex.

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