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气象要素单位换算

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2024年5月16日发(作者:章正浩)

計量單位與換算公式 [回試算表]

常數與換算

地球赤道半徑=6378.39km 地球兩極半徑=6356.91km

地球旋轉角速度Ω=7.292×10

5

s

-1

重力 g45=980.616cm‧s

-2

太陽常數=1.96ly‧min

-1

水分子量mw=18.016g‧mol

-1

乾空氣氣體常數=2.8704×10

6

erg‧g

-1

‧K

-1

乾空氣平均分子量m=28.966g mol

-1

乾空氣定壓比熱 cp=7R/2=0.240 cal‧g

-1

‧K

-1

乾空氣定容比熱 cv=5R/2=0.171 cal‧g

-1

‧K

-1

Stefan-Boltzmann constant=8.132×10

-11

ly‧K

-4

‧min

-1

緯度平行於赤道,1度約 111公里,經度因為在兩極相會,故自赤道處之1度約

111公里漸向兩極縮為 0公里,在台北(北緯24度)附近,1經度約為 101公里。

兩點間之距離公式列如下:[試算表]

兩點間距離D(x1,y1,x2,y2)=r×acos(sin(x1) ×sin(x2)+cos(x1) ×cos(x2) ×cos(y1-y2))

x,y是緯度,經度的弧度單位,r是地球半徑

在同經度上時 D=r×|x1-x2|

氣壓:1 atmosphere pressure=1013.25hPa=760.00mmHg=29.921 inches(Hg)≒

14.7lb/

速度:1m/s = 1.94knots = 2.24mile/h = 3.28ft/s = 3.60 km/h

長度:1浬nautical mile=1.150776哩mile=6076呎feet=1852公尺meter=6100台尺

=72913吋inch

重量:1台斤=0.6公斤kilogram=1.2市斤=1.3227磅pound=21.16434英兩ounce

面積:1公頃=100公畝=10000平方公尺=2.471英畝acre=1.0310甲=3025

坪=10.31分

容積:1立方公尺cubic meter=1公秉=1000公升liter=219.98加侖

gallon(UK)=264.171gallon(USA)

熱量:1焦耳J=10

7

耳格erg;1 熱化學卡# cal=4.187J ; (1 J=1 N

m)

#註:

2003年5月經濟部標準檢驗局出版「國際單位制之使用指南」列有其他非SI之單位,

由CGS導出之單位(不建議使用者)

/wSite/public/Attachment/ (第22頁)

太陽輻射單位換算 --

近紫外線(約0.3-0.4μ)至近紅外線(約3~4μ)間之波長

積算量:1MJ‧m

-2

=23.9cal‧cm

-2

=0.278 kW‧h‧m

-2

強度:1cal‧cm

-2

‧min

-1

=0.698kW‧1kW‧m

-2

=1.431cal‧cm

-2

‧min

-1

m

-2

1J=1W‧s 1ly=1cal‧cm

-2

= 0.0428MJ‧m

-2

IPS(International Pyrheliometric Scale)-1956觀測值=Smithsonian觀測值 × 0.98

WRR(World Radiometric Reference) 觀測值= IPS-1956觀測值 × 1.022 (CWB測報

作業規範)

長度(英美制) Lengths *

1 foot (ft.) = 12 inches (in.) 1 yard (yd) = 3 feet

1 rod = 5.5 yards 1 fathom = 6 feet

1 furlong = 40 rods = 1/8 mile 1 mile (mi.) = 1760 yards = 5280 feet

1 nautical mile = 1.15 miles = 6076.1

1 land league = 3 miles

feet

1 marine league = 3 nautical miles

重量(英美制) Weights *

1 grain = 0.0648 grams (g)

Avoirdupois Measures

1 ounce (oz.) = 437.5 grains 1 pound (lb.) = 16 ounces

1 ton = 2000 pounds 1 long ton = 2240 pounds

1 grain = 0.0648 grams (g)

Troy Measures

1 carat = 3.086 grains = 0.2 grams 1 pennyweight = 24 grains

1 troy ounce = 480 grains 1 troy pound = 12 troy ounces

1 grain = 0.0648 grams (g)

Apothecary Measures

1 scruple = 20 grains 1 dram = 3 scruples

1 apothecary ounce = 8 drams 1 apothecary pound = 12 apothecary ounces

體積 Volumes *

液體計量 Liquid Measures

1 tablespoon (tbsp or T) = 3

1 fluid ounce (fl oz) = 2 tablespoons = 1.805 in

3

teaspoons (tsp or t)

1 cup (c) = 8 fl. oz. 1 pint (pt) = 16 fl. oz. = 28.88 in

3

1 quart (qt) = 2 pints = 57.75 in

3

1 gallon (gal) = 4 quarts

1 barrel of petroleum = 42 gal. 1 barrel of liquid = 31 gal.

固體計量 Dry Measures

1 in

3

= 16.387 cm

3

1 ft

3

= (12 in)

3

= 1728 in

3

1 yd

3

= (3 ft)

3

= 27 ft

3

1 dry pint (pt) = 33.60 in

3

1 dry quart (qt) = 2 dry pints = 67.2

1 peck = 8 dry quarts

in

3

1 bushel = 4 pecks 1 cord = 128 ft

3

SI (Metric) Prefixes *

Small Values Large Values

Prefix Abbreviation Value Prefix Abbreviation Value

分(十分)

十 deca

d 10

-1

da 10

1

deci

厘(百分)

百 hecto

c (%) 10

-2

h 10

2

centi

毫 milli

千 kilo

m 10

-3

k 10

3

10

-6

百萬

微 micro

μ (ppm)

百萬Mega

M 10

6

n (ppb) G 10

9

奈(極10

-9

十億吉(十億)Giga

12

-12

p T 10

皮(微10兆分 兆Tera

-15

飛 femto

f

拍Peta

10

P 10

15

阿 atto

a 10

-18

E 10

18

艾Exa

介 zepto

攸yocto

z

y

10

-21

10

-24

10

-4

皆Zetta

佑Yotta

中文慣用詞

Z

Y

10

21

10

24

10

4

10

-5

億 10

8

京 10

16

其他:中國古稱

垓 秭 穰 溝 澗 正 載 極

10

20

10

24

10

28

10

32

10

36

10

40

10

44

10

48

參考名稱:

恆河阿僧那由不可思無量 大數

沙 祇 他 議

10

52

10

56

10

60

10

64

10

68

10

72

換算 *

英制 -> 公制

1 foot = 0.3048 m

1 mile = 1.6093 km

1 fl. oz. = 29.574 milliliters

1 gal = 3.785 liters

公制 -> 英制

1 m = 3.28 feet

1 km = 0.6214 mi.

1 milliliter = 0.03381 fl. oz.

1 liter = 0.2642 gal.

1 inch = 2.540 cm

1 yard = 0.9144 m

1 pound = 0.4536 kg

1 qt = 0.9464 liters

1 cm = 0.3937 in.

1 m = 1.094 yards

1 kg = 2.205 pounds

1 liter = 1.057 qt.

溫度 Temperature

KC273.15

F

9

C32

5

C

5

(F32)

9

理想氣體狀態方程 Equation of State of an Ideal Gas

pV = mRT if p=1013.25mb, V=22.415*10**3cm**3, T=273.16

K

R*=mR=universal gas constant =8.3144*10**7 erg mol**-1 k**-1

財務公式 Financial Formulas *

nY

APR



AP

1

(APRY)

APe

n



Savings Plan Savings Plan Formula Loan Payment Formula

(Regular Payments) Solved for Payments (Installation Loans)

nY

APR



APR

APR

P

1



1



n

n

PMT



n



nY

APMTPMTA

nY

APR





APR

APR

1

1

11





n



n

n





*部分 摘自美國赫德遜州立大學網頁:

/faculty/lloydm/classes/la/

2024年5月16日发(作者:章正浩)

計量單位與換算公式 [回試算表]

常數與換算

地球赤道半徑=6378.39km 地球兩極半徑=6356.91km

地球旋轉角速度Ω=7.292×10

5

s

-1

重力 g45=980.616cm‧s

-2

太陽常數=1.96ly‧min

-1

水分子量mw=18.016g‧mol

-1

乾空氣氣體常數=2.8704×10

6

erg‧g

-1

‧K

-1

乾空氣平均分子量m=28.966g mol

-1

乾空氣定壓比熱 cp=7R/2=0.240 cal‧g

-1

‧K

-1

乾空氣定容比熱 cv=5R/2=0.171 cal‧g

-1

‧K

-1

Stefan-Boltzmann constant=8.132×10

-11

ly‧K

-4

‧min

-1

緯度平行於赤道,1度約 111公里,經度因為在兩極相會,故自赤道處之1度約

111公里漸向兩極縮為 0公里,在台北(北緯24度)附近,1經度約為 101公里。

兩點間之距離公式列如下:[試算表]

兩點間距離D(x1,y1,x2,y2)=r×acos(sin(x1) ×sin(x2)+cos(x1) ×cos(x2) ×cos(y1-y2))

x,y是緯度,經度的弧度單位,r是地球半徑

在同經度上時 D=r×|x1-x2|

氣壓:1 atmosphere pressure=1013.25hPa=760.00mmHg=29.921 inches(Hg)≒

14.7lb/

速度:1m/s = 1.94knots = 2.24mile/h = 3.28ft/s = 3.60 km/h

長度:1浬nautical mile=1.150776哩mile=6076呎feet=1852公尺meter=6100台尺

=72913吋inch

重量:1台斤=0.6公斤kilogram=1.2市斤=1.3227磅pound=21.16434英兩ounce

面積:1公頃=100公畝=10000平方公尺=2.471英畝acre=1.0310甲=3025

坪=10.31分

容積:1立方公尺cubic meter=1公秉=1000公升liter=219.98加侖

gallon(UK)=264.171gallon(USA)

熱量:1焦耳J=10

7

耳格erg;1 熱化學卡# cal=4.187J ; (1 J=1 N

m)

#註:

2003年5月經濟部標準檢驗局出版「國際單位制之使用指南」列有其他非SI之單位,

由CGS導出之單位(不建議使用者)

/wSite/public/Attachment/ (第22頁)

太陽輻射單位換算 --

近紫外線(約0.3-0.4μ)至近紅外線(約3~4μ)間之波長

積算量:1MJ‧m

-2

=23.9cal‧cm

-2

=0.278 kW‧h‧m

-2

強度:1cal‧cm

-2

‧min

-1

=0.698kW‧1kW‧m

-2

=1.431cal‧cm

-2

‧min

-1

m

-2

1J=1W‧s 1ly=1cal‧cm

-2

= 0.0428MJ‧m

-2

IPS(International Pyrheliometric Scale)-1956觀測值=Smithsonian觀測值 × 0.98

WRR(World Radiometric Reference) 觀測值= IPS-1956觀測值 × 1.022 (CWB測報

作業規範)

長度(英美制) Lengths *

1 foot (ft.) = 12 inches (in.) 1 yard (yd) = 3 feet

1 rod = 5.5 yards 1 fathom = 6 feet

1 furlong = 40 rods = 1/8 mile 1 mile (mi.) = 1760 yards = 5280 feet

1 nautical mile = 1.15 miles = 6076.1

1 land league = 3 miles

feet

1 marine league = 3 nautical miles

重量(英美制) Weights *

1 grain = 0.0648 grams (g)

Avoirdupois Measures

1 ounce (oz.) = 437.5 grains 1 pound (lb.) = 16 ounces

1 ton = 2000 pounds 1 long ton = 2240 pounds

1 grain = 0.0648 grams (g)

Troy Measures

1 carat = 3.086 grains = 0.2 grams 1 pennyweight = 24 grains

1 troy ounce = 480 grains 1 troy pound = 12 troy ounces

1 grain = 0.0648 grams (g)

Apothecary Measures

1 scruple = 20 grains 1 dram = 3 scruples

1 apothecary ounce = 8 drams 1 apothecary pound = 12 apothecary ounces

體積 Volumes *

液體計量 Liquid Measures

1 tablespoon (tbsp or T) = 3

1 fluid ounce (fl oz) = 2 tablespoons = 1.805 in

3

teaspoons (tsp or t)

1 cup (c) = 8 fl. oz. 1 pint (pt) = 16 fl. oz. = 28.88 in

3

1 quart (qt) = 2 pints = 57.75 in

3

1 gallon (gal) = 4 quarts

1 barrel of petroleum = 42 gal. 1 barrel of liquid = 31 gal.

固體計量 Dry Measures

1 in

3

= 16.387 cm

3

1 ft

3

= (12 in)

3

= 1728 in

3

1 yd

3

= (3 ft)

3

= 27 ft

3

1 dry pint (pt) = 33.60 in

3

1 dry quart (qt) = 2 dry pints = 67.2

1 peck = 8 dry quarts

in

3

1 bushel = 4 pecks 1 cord = 128 ft

3

SI (Metric) Prefixes *

Small Values Large Values

Prefix Abbreviation Value Prefix Abbreviation Value

分(十分)

十 deca

d 10

-1

da 10

1

deci

厘(百分)

百 hecto

c (%) 10

-2

h 10

2

centi

毫 milli

千 kilo

m 10

-3

k 10

3

10

-6

百萬

微 micro

μ (ppm)

百萬Mega

M 10

6

n (ppb) G 10

9

奈(極10

-9

十億吉(十億)Giga

12

-12

p T 10

皮(微10兆分 兆Tera

-15

飛 femto

f

拍Peta

10

P 10

15

阿 atto

a 10

-18

E 10

18

艾Exa

介 zepto

攸yocto

z

y

10

-21

10

-24

10

-4

皆Zetta

佑Yotta

中文慣用詞

Z

Y

10

21

10

24

10

4

10

-5

億 10

8

京 10

16

其他:中國古稱

垓 秭 穰 溝 澗 正 載 極

10

20

10

24

10

28

10

32

10

36

10

40

10

44

10

48

參考名稱:

恆河阿僧那由不可思無量 大數

沙 祇 他 議

10

52

10

56

10

60

10

64

10

68

10

72

換算 *

英制 -> 公制

1 foot = 0.3048 m

1 mile = 1.6093 km

1 fl. oz. = 29.574 milliliters

1 gal = 3.785 liters

公制 -> 英制

1 m = 3.28 feet

1 km = 0.6214 mi.

1 milliliter = 0.03381 fl. oz.

1 liter = 0.2642 gal.

1 inch = 2.540 cm

1 yard = 0.9144 m

1 pound = 0.4536 kg

1 qt = 0.9464 liters

1 cm = 0.3937 in.

1 m = 1.094 yards

1 kg = 2.205 pounds

1 liter = 1.057 qt.

溫度 Temperature

KC273.15

F

9

C32

5

C

5

(F32)

9

理想氣體狀態方程 Equation of State of an Ideal Gas

pV = mRT if p=1013.25mb, V=22.415*10**3cm**3, T=273.16

K

R*=mR=universal gas constant =8.3144*10**7 erg mol**-1 k**-1

財務公式 Financial Formulas *

nY

APR



AP

1

(APRY)

APe

n



Savings Plan Savings Plan Formula Loan Payment Formula

(Regular Payments) Solved for Payments (Installation Loans)

nY

APR



APR

APR

P

1



1



n

n

PMT



n



nY

APMTPMTA

nY

APR





APR

APR

1

1

11





n



n

n





*部分 摘自美國赫德遜州立大學網頁:

/faculty/lloydm/classes/la/

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