2024年6月1日发(作者：莘俊彦)
劝君莫惜金缕衣，劝君惜取少年时！！！
Unit4 Natural Disasters
自然灾害
本单元以“自然灾害”的话题，从听，说，读，写，
句法结构等方面预习此单元。
MATEBOOK 13
2020/10/4
Unit 4 Natural Disasters
第一部分：必备词汇和短语（key words and phrases）
：
基础词汇：
1. Tornado n. 龙卷风；旋风
2. Landslide n. 崩塌；滑坡
3. Tsunami n. 海啸
4. Magnitude n.震级，重大
5. Crack n.&v. 裂开，裂缝
6. Percent n. 百分比
7. Brick n. 砖
8. Trap v. 使落入陷阱
9. Drought n.干旱
10. Slide vt. 滑坡
11. Wave n.波浪，风浪
12. Volcano n. 火山
13. Typhoon n. 台风
14. Hurricane n. 飓风
15. Tap v.轻叩 轻敲
16. Pipe n. 管道
17. Whistle v.吹口哨
18. Kit n.成套设备
19. Crash v.撞
词汇派生拓展：
1. Disaster n. 灾难-----disastrous adj.-灾难的-----disastrously adv.灾难地
2. Flood n. 洪水-----flooding n.涝灾-----flooded adj. 发洪水的
3. Rescue n.救援----rescuer n. 救援者
4. Destroy v.破坏 ---destroyer n破坏者---destruction n.破坏----destructive adj 破坏性的
5. evacuate vt.使 疏散-----evacuation n 疏散，撤离
6. death n.死-----die v. 死-------dead adj.------死的，没有生命的
7. affect v. 影响-----affected adj. 有影响的 ------affection n.影响
8. shelter n.庇护所 -----sheltered adj. 有庇护的
9. ruin v. 毁坏-----ruined adj.毁灭的
10. metal n.-金属----metallic adj. 金属的
11. shock n. V.震惊，惊讶—shocked 震惊的----shocking 令人震惊的
12. electricity 电---electric 电的 ----electrical 电子的
13. bury vt 埋葬 -----burial n 埋葬
14. breathe v呼吸.----breath n,呼吸 -----breathless adj.上气不接下气的
15. revive v 恢复------revival n.恢复
16. effort n.努力 -----effortless adj 毫不费力的
17. wisdom n.智慧 ---wise adj. 明智的 ---wisely adv. 明智地
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18. Context n.上下文 ----contextual adj.练习上下文的
19. Suffer v 遭受 ----sufferer n.遭受者 ------suffering n. 遭受
20. Erupt v.爆发----eruption n. 爆发
21. Supply v.供应---supplier n.—供应商
22. Survive v.幸存 —survivor n. 幸存者---survival n.幸存
23. Power n.权利----powerful adj. 有权利的
24. Emergency n.紧急 ---emergent adj. 紧急的 -----emergence n.急诊
25. Effect n.影响----effective adj. 有影响力的 ---ineffective 无影响力的
26. Length n.长度 ----lengthen v,加长
27. Deliver v.运输，输送----delivery n. 运输
28. Strike v.罢工，袭击---striker n.----罢工者
.短语积累：
1. At least 至少
2. Set up 建立
3. Come out of 出来
4. As usual 像往常一样
5. As if 似乎好像
6. Come to an end 结束
7. Cut across 打断，径直穿过
8. In ruins 严重受损
9. Nothing but 只不过，除了
10. Blow away 吹走
11. In shock 震惊 吃惊
12. Fall down 倒下
13. Dig out 挖掘
14. Get up on one’s feet 重新站起来
15. In times of 在的时刻，在时期
16. Suffer from 遭受
17. Go through 经历，讨论
18. Volunteer to do sth. 自愿做什么事
19. Wake up 叫醒
20. Put up 张贴
21. In the open air 在户外
22. Stay calm 保持冷静
23. Stay away from 远离
24. Make sure 确信，确保
25. First aid kit 一套急救设备
26. In danger 处在危险处境
27. On hand 在手边
28. Crash into 冲撞
29. Sweep away 消灭，彻底消除
30. The number of 的数量
31. Be expect to do 被期待做
32. Write down 写下
第二部分: 听力素养（listening skills）
听说词汇：
1.
2.
3.
4.
A strong earthquake 一场大地震
Fall down 倒下
Help the survivors 帮助幸存者
Homes and land 家园和土地
2
5. Be trapped in 陷入，被困于
6. Rescue from 从 … 中救援出来
7. Volunteers and rescue workers 志愿者和救援人员
8. Day and night 日夜
9. Make sure 确信
10. Caused by 由… 造成
11. In the landslide 在滑坡中
12. Lose one’s life 失去生命
13. Get away from 避免
听说句式;
1. A strong earthquake hit Ecuador yesterday.
昨天厄尔多瓜发生了一场大地震。
2. Rescue workers and soldiers are working day and night to make sure that people are
safe.
救援人员和士兵们的日夜工作，确保人们安全 。
3. I’d like to know what we can do to prevent natural disasters.
我想知道我们能做什么来阻止自然灾害。
4. There’s no way to prevent earthquakes and storms.
没有办法来阻止地震和暴风雨。
5. We can keep them from being disastrous.
我们可以阻止他们成为灾难性的。
6. We should make a safety list of what to do, where to go and who to contact.
我们应该列个关于做什么，去哪里和联系谁的安全清单。
第三部分：课文及知识点讲解：
The Night The Earth Didn’t Sleep
Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For
several days, the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. There were
deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. At least one well had some smelly gas
coming out of it. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refuse to
go inside buildings. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide, and fish
jumped out of water. At about 3:, on 28july 1976, bright lights were seen in
the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard. But the city’s one
million people were asleep as usual that night.
翻译：
3
河北省的东北部的村庄里发生了一些奇怪的事。几天以来，村庄水井里水反复上涨下降，
水井的墙壁上出现了深深的裂缝。不只一口井里散发出难闻的气味， 猪和鸡都恐惧不按，
几天不进食，狗不愿意在室内呆着，老鼠到处寻找可以躲避的地方，鱼儿跳出水面。1976
年7月28日零晨三点，唐山城外的天空中出现亮光和刺耳的噪音。但是那晚城市的100多
万人像往常一样熟睡。
知识点:
1.
Too…to…表示“太而不能” ugh to 和 so…that….
（only）too…to…表示肯定，其中too 后的形容词多数表示某种心情，如: glad, pleases
willing, ready, thankful, delighted, eager, anxious, determined, happy.等，也有描绘性的
形容词，如good，kind，true, easy.
例句：The book is too easy to understand. 这本书太容易理解了。
He was too anxious to leave. 他急于离开。
He is too careful not to have noticed it.他那么心细，不会注意到这一点
It’s never too late to mend. 改过不嫌晚
2. as usual：像往常
than usually ：比往常
although I got up with a headache, I went to work as usual.
This morning I came to the office a little earlier than usual.
3. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide
To hide 不定式做后置定语。修饰places
At , everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world were coming
to an end! Eleven kilometers directly below the city, one of the most deadly
earthquakes of the 20
th
century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more
than 150 Kilometers’ away in Beijing. Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it! A
huge crack, eight kilometers long and 30 meters wide, cut across houses, roads and
waterways. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In less than one minute, a large
city lay in ruins. Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.
Thousands of children were left without parents. The number of people who were
liked or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.
翻译:
在凌晨3点42分，一切都开始摇晃。 似乎世界末日要到了。20世纪的最致命地震之
一就在这座城市正下方11千米处发生了。这次地震甚至给150公里以外的北京市都造成了
损害。全国三分之一的人都有震感。一个长8千米宽30米的裂缝切断了房屋，道路和水路。
一座座石头山瞬间变成一条条泥沙河，不到一分钟，整个城市变成废墟。那里三分之二的人
非死即伤。 成千上万个孩子成了孤儿，地震中受伤严重的人有40多万。
4
知识点：
1. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!
It seemed as if …..似乎，好像
在句子中引导表语从句，常跟在特定动词后面，如：seem，look，tastes， sound，
feel 等。
例句：Look at the clouds in the sky! It looks as if it is going to rain.
2. Damage；Vt n.(u)
Which buildings were damaged in Seoul?
首尔哪些建筑物受损？
Eating too much meat one time will cause damage to your stomach.
一次吃太多肉会对你的胃造成损害。
The heavy rain has done /caused great damage to the crops.
暴雨已经对庄稼造成了很大的损伤。
3. lay in ruins：变成废墟。类似的短语： fall into ruins, bring … to ruins.
4. The number of….的数量，谓语动词用单数。
The number of boys is 40.男孩的数量上是40.
Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. Nearly everything in
the city was destroyed. About 75percent of the city’s factories and buildings,
90percent of its home, and all of its hospitals were gone. Bricks covered the ground
like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away. Most bridges had fallen
were not safe to cross. The real tracks were now useless pieces of metal. Tens of
thousands of cows, hundreds of thousands of pigs, and millions of chickens were
dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were in shock ----and then,
later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. Even more buildings
fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how
long the disaster would last。
翻译：
幸存者目及之处五一不是废墟。城市几乎被全部毁灭，百分之75的建筑物和工厂，百
分之90的医院都没了，残砖像枫叶一样铺满了整个地面，只是风吹不走。大部分的桥也倒
塌不能通行。铁路也成了废铁片。成千上万的牛，猪，鸡都死了。水井里灌满了沙子而不是
水。人们都很震惊，到了下午，大地震又一次袭击唐山。越来越多的建筑物倒下。水，食物
和电都被切断。人们开始想担忧这场灾难要持续多久。
知识点：
1. nothing but …什么也没有除了。
2. blow away 吹走
5
3. Tens of thousands of 成千上万的
Millions of 数百万
4. be in shock ；震惊
in a state of shock 惊魂未定。
It shocks sb, to see /hear 看到、听到….. 使某人震惊。
But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to
Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. More than
10,000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care. Workers built shelters for
survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Hundreds of thousands of people were
helped. Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck, and plane. Slowly ,
the city began to breathe again.
翻译
：
但是希望尚存，地震后不久，国家派出了15万解放军赶赴唐山挖掘受困者，掩埋死者。
一万多医护人员过来提供医疗帮助。建筑工人为无家可归的幸存者修建庇护所。数万人被援
助。人们用飞机，火车，卡车送来水和食物。慢慢地，这个城市逐渐恢复生机。
知识点:
1. The army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to
bury the dead.
Dig out: 挖掘出，找出，发现
例句;
Let’s dig out the roots.
At last the truth was dug out.
拓展:
Dig down：挖倒
Dig into：钻研，掘进去
Dig for： 发掘 搜集
2. breathe v, 呼吸
breathe in 吸入
breathe out 呼出
the doctor told me breathe in and breathe out slowly.
医生让我吸气然后慢慢呼出。
拓展：breath n. 呼吸
Take one’s breath away 令人惊叹
Hold one’s breath 屏气
Out of breath 喘不上气
例句：
She got so angry that she ran after them.
6
She was soon out of breath, but she continued to run.
她很生气，于是就去追赶他们。她很快就气喘吁吁了，但仍然继续追赶。
My first view of the island from the air took my breath away.
我第一次从空中看到这个岛，惊叹不已。
Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet. With strong support
from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people, a new Tangshan
was built upon the earthquake ruins. The new city has become a home to more than
seven million people, with great improvements in transportation, industry, and
environment. Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in
times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and
rebuild for a brighter future.
翻译；
唐山逐渐开始复苏，慢慢恢复。在政府的大力支持和人民群众的不懈努力下，一座新的
唐山城在废墟上很快建起。新城市成了7百万人民的家园，交通，工业和环境都改善了很多。
唐山向中国和世界证明了，在灾难来临时，只要人民团结一致，保持积极乐观的心态和重新
建设更好的未来。
知识点
：
1. Get up on one’s feet：站着，站立
Rise to one’s feet 站起来
Struggle to one’s feet. 挣扎着站起来， 努力站起来
2. Tireless ：不知疲倦的
Tired ： 疲倦的，疲劳的
3. In times of 在……的时候
第四部分: 写作（writing skills）
A. 表达： “害怕，恐惧” 的词汇；
1. be frightened of /at …. 对….感到害怕
fearful of ….. 害怕
3. be afraid of….害怕
4. be shocked at / by…对 感到震惊、惊讶
5. be terrified at …. 对….感到害怕
6. be worried about…. 担心
7. be alarmed at…对…. 感到惊恐
8. be horrified at/ by….. 对….感到惊恐
B.表达“办法与措施”的词汇；
n. 方法
7
n. 办法，方向
3. measure n. 措施
4. resource n. 资源
5. by all means 想尽办法
6. prevention/ preventive measures 预防措施，防止措施
7. take measures / take steps / take action 采取措施
C. 经典句型：
1. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that’s insincere, make kids afraid to try
new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents’ praise has
put them.
过多的表扬会适得其反，当以不真诚的方式给予表扬时，会让孩子害怕尝试新事物，或者冒
风险，害怕无法达到父母表扬她们的高度。
2. Modern method of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the
mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.
现代追踪北极熊的方法是从20世纪八十年代中期开始使用的，而且在大范围内持续进行的
成本很高。
3. Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keep in
mind your beliefs, values and strengths.
另一种设定现实目标的方法是分析你的短期和长期目标，记住你的信念，价值观和优势。
4. Prevention is key, scientists say, because once ecosystems pass their tipping point, it is
remarkably difficult for them to return.
科学家们说， 预防是关键，因为一旦生态系统过了临界点，他们就很难恢复。
8
2024年6月1日发(作者：莘俊彦)
劝君莫惜金缕衣，劝君惜取少年时！！！
Unit4 Natural Disasters
自然灾害
本单元以“自然灾害”的话题，从听，说，读，写，
句法结构等方面预习此单元。
MATEBOOK 13
2020/10/4
Unit 4 Natural Disasters
第一部分：必备词汇和短语（key words and phrases）
：
基础词汇：
1. Tornado n. 龙卷风；旋风
2. Landslide n. 崩塌；滑坡
3. Tsunami n. 海啸
4. Magnitude n.震级，重大
5. Crack n.&v. 裂开，裂缝
6. Percent n. 百分比
7. Brick n. 砖
8. Trap v. 使落入陷阱
9. Drought n.干旱
10. Slide vt. 滑坡
11. Wave n.波浪，风浪
12. Volcano n. 火山
13. Typhoon n. 台风
14. Hurricane n. 飓风
15. Tap v.轻叩 轻敲
16. Pipe n. 管道
17. Whistle v.吹口哨
18. Kit n.成套设备
19. Crash v.撞
词汇派生拓展：
1. Disaster n. 灾难-----disastrous adj.-灾难的-----disastrously adv.灾难地
2. Flood n. 洪水-----flooding n.涝灾-----flooded adj. 发洪水的
3. Rescue n.救援----rescuer n. 救援者
4. Destroy v.破坏 ---destroyer n破坏者---destruction n.破坏----destructive adj 破坏性的
5. evacuate vt.使 疏散-----evacuation n 疏散，撤离
6. death n.死-----die v. 死-------dead adj.------死的，没有生命的
7. affect v. 影响-----affected adj. 有影响的 ------affection n.影响
8. shelter n.庇护所 -----sheltered adj. 有庇护的
9. ruin v. 毁坏-----ruined adj.毁灭的
10. metal n.-金属----metallic adj. 金属的
11. shock n. V.震惊，惊讶—shocked 震惊的----shocking 令人震惊的
12. electricity 电---electric 电的 ----electrical 电子的
13. bury vt 埋葬 -----burial n 埋葬
14. breathe v呼吸.----breath n,呼吸 -----breathless adj.上气不接下气的
15. revive v 恢复------revival n.恢复
16. effort n.努力 -----effortless adj 毫不费力的
17. wisdom n.智慧 ---wise adj. 明智的 ---wisely adv. 明智地
1
18. Context n.上下文 ----contextual adj.练习上下文的
19. Suffer v 遭受 ----sufferer n.遭受者 ------suffering n. 遭受
20. Erupt v.爆发----eruption n. 爆发
21. Supply v.供应---supplier n.—供应商
22. Survive v.幸存 —survivor n. 幸存者---survival n.幸存
23. Power n.权利----powerful adj. 有权利的
24. Emergency n.紧急 ---emergent adj. 紧急的 -----emergence n.急诊
25. Effect n.影响----effective adj. 有影响力的 ---ineffective 无影响力的
26. Length n.长度 ----lengthen v,加长
27. Deliver v.运输，输送----delivery n. 运输
28. Strike v.罢工，袭击---striker n.----罢工者
.短语积累：
1. At least 至少
2. Set up 建立
3. Come out of 出来
4. As usual 像往常一样
5. As if 似乎好像
6. Come to an end 结束
7. Cut across 打断，径直穿过
8. In ruins 严重受损
9. Nothing but 只不过，除了
10. Blow away 吹走
11. In shock 震惊 吃惊
12. Fall down 倒下
13. Dig out 挖掘
14. Get up on one’s feet 重新站起来
15. In times of 在的时刻，在时期
16. Suffer from 遭受
17. Go through 经历，讨论
18. Volunteer to do sth. 自愿做什么事
19. Wake up 叫醒
20. Put up 张贴
21. In the open air 在户外
22. Stay calm 保持冷静
23. Stay away from 远离
24. Make sure 确信，确保
25. First aid kit 一套急救设备
26. In danger 处在危险处境
27. On hand 在手边
28. Crash into 冲撞
29. Sweep away 消灭，彻底消除
30. The number of 的数量
31. Be expect to do 被期待做
32. Write down 写下
第二部分: 听力素养（listening skills）
听说词汇：
1.
2.
3.
4.
A strong earthquake 一场大地震
Fall down 倒下
Help the survivors 帮助幸存者
Homes and land 家园和土地
2
5. Be trapped in 陷入，被困于
6. Rescue from 从 … 中救援出来
7. Volunteers and rescue workers 志愿者和救援人员
8. Day and night 日夜
9. Make sure 确信
10. Caused by 由… 造成
11. In the landslide 在滑坡中
12. Lose one’s life 失去生命
13. Get away from 避免
听说句式;
1. A strong earthquake hit Ecuador yesterday.
昨天厄尔多瓜发生了一场大地震。
2. Rescue workers and soldiers are working day and night to make sure that people are
safe.
救援人员和士兵们的日夜工作，确保人们安全 。
3. I’d like to know what we can do to prevent natural disasters.
我想知道我们能做什么来阻止自然灾害。
4. There’s no way to prevent earthquakes and storms.
没有办法来阻止地震和暴风雨。
5. We can keep them from being disastrous.
我们可以阻止他们成为灾难性的。
6. We should make a safety list of what to do, where to go and who to contact.
我们应该列个关于做什么，去哪里和联系谁的安全清单。
第三部分：课文及知识点讲解：
The Night The Earth Didn’t Sleep
Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For
several days, the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. There were
deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. At least one well had some smelly gas
coming out of it. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refuse to
go inside buildings. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide, and fish
jumped out of water. At about 3:, on 28july 1976, bright lights were seen in
the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard. But the city’s one
million people were asleep as usual that night.
翻译：
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河北省的东北部的村庄里发生了一些奇怪的事。几天以来，村庄水井里水反复上涨下降，
水井的墙壁上出现了深深的裂缝。不只一口井里散发出难闻的气味， 猪和鸡都恐惧不按，
几天不进食，狗不愿意在室内呆着，老鼠到处寻找可以躲避的地方，鱼儿跳出水面。1976
年7月28日零晨三点，唐山城外的天空中出现亮光和刺耳的噪音。但是那晚城市的100多
万人像往常一样熟睡。
知识点:
1.
Too…to…表示“太而不能” ugh to 和 so…that….
（only）too…to…表示肯定，其中too 后的形容词多数表示某种心情，如: glad, pleases
willing, ready, thankful, delighted, eager, anxious, determined, happy.等，也有描绘性的
形容词，如good，kind，true, easy.
例句：The book is too easy to understand. 这本书太容易理解了。
He was too anxious to leave. 他急于离开。
He is too careful not to have noticed it.他那么心细，不会注意到这一点
It’s never too late to mend. 改过不嫌晚
2. as usual：像往常
than usually ：比往常
although I got up with a headache, I went to work as usual.
This morning I came to the office a little earlier than usual.
3. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide
To hide 不定式做后置定语。修饰places
At , everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world were coming
to an end! Eleven kilometers directly below the city, one of the most deadly
earthquakes of the 20
th
century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more
than 150 Kilometers’ away in Beijing. Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it! A
huge crack, eight kilometers long and 30 meters wide, cut across houses, roads and
waterways. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In less than one minute, a large
city lay in ruins. Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.
Thousands of children were left without parents. The number of people who were
liked or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.
翻译:
在凌晨3点42分，一切都开始摇晃。 似乎世界末日要到了。20世纪的最致命地震之
一就在这座城市正下方11千米处发生了。这次地震甚至给150公里以外的北京市都造成了
损害。全国三分之一的人都有震感。一个长8千米宽30米的裂缝切断了房屋，道路和水路。
一座座石头山瞬间变成一条条泥沙河，不到一分钟，整个城市变成废墟。那里三分之二的人
非死即伤。 成千上万个孩子成了孤儿，地震中受伤严重的人有40多万。
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知识点：
1. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!
It seemed as if …..似乎，好像
在句子中引导表语从句，常跟在特定动词后面，如：seem，look，tastes， sound，
feel 等。
例句：Look at the clouds in the sky! It looks as if it is going to rain.
2. Damage；Vt n.(u)
Which buildings were damaged in Seoul?
首尔哪些建筑物受损？
Eating too much meat one time will cause damage to your stomach.
一次吃太多肉会对你的胃造成损害。
The heavy rain has done /caused great damage to the crops.
暴雨已经对庄稼造成了很大的损伤。
3. lay in ruins：变成废墟。类似的短语： fall into ruins, bring … to ruins.
4. The number of….的数量，谓语动词用单数。
The number of boys is 40.男孩的数量上是40.
Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. Nearly everything in
the city was destroyed. About 75percent of the city’s factories and buildings,
90percent of its home, and all of its hospitals were gone. Bricks covered the ground
like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away. Most bridges had fallen
were not safe to cross. The real tracks were now useless pieces of metal. Tens of
thousands of cows, hundreds of thousands of pigs, and millions of chickens were
dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were in shock ----and then,
later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. Even more buildings
fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how
long the disaster would last。
翻译：
幸存者目及之处五一不是废墟。城市几乎被全部毁灭，百分之75的建筑物和工厂，百
分之90的医院都没了，残砖像枫叶一样铺满了整个地面，只是风吹不走。大部分的桥也倒
塌不能通行。铁路也成了废铁片。成千上万的牛，猪，鸡都死了。水井里灌满了沙子而不是
水。人们都很震惊，到了下午，大地震又一次袭击唐山。越来越多的建筑物倒下。水，食物
和电都被切断。人们开始想担忧这场灾难要持续多久。
知识点：
1. nothing but …什么也没有除了。
2. blow away 吹走
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3. Tens of thousands of 成千上万的
Millions of 数百万
4. be in shock ；震惊
in a state of shock 惊魂未定。
It shocks sb, to see /hear 看到、听到….. 使某人震惊。
But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to
Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. More than
10,000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care. Workers built shelters for
survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Hundreds of thousands of people were
helped. Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck, and plane. Slowly ,
the city began to breathe again.
翻译
：
但是希望尚存，地震后不久，国家派出了15万解放军赶赴唐山挖掘受困者，掩埋死者。
一万多医护人员过来提供医疗帮助。建筑工人为无家可归的幸存者修建庇护所。数万人被援
助。人们用飞机，火车，卡车送来水和食物。慢慢地，这个城市逐渐恢复生机。
知识点:
1. The army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to
bury the dead.
Dig out: 挖掘出，找出，发现
例句;
Let’s dig out the roots.
At last the truth was dug out.
拓展:
Dig down：挖倒
Dig into：钻研，掘进去
Dig for： 发掘 搜集
2. breathe v, 呼吸
breathe in 吸入
breathe out 呼出
the doctor told me breathe in and breathe out slowly.
医生让我吸气然后慢慢呼出。
拓展：breath n. 呼吸
Take one’s breath away 令人惊叹
Hold one’s breath 屏气
Out of breath 喘不上气
例句：
She got so angry that she ran after them.
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She was soon out of breath, but she continued to run.
她很生气，于是就去追赶他们。她很快就气喘吁吁了，但仍然继续追赶。
My first view of the island from the air took my breath away.
我第一次从空中看到这个岛，惊叹不已。
Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet. With strong support
from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people, a new Tangshan
was built upon the earthquake ruins. The new city has become a home to more than
seven million people, with great improvements in transportation, industry, and
environment. Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in
times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and
rebuild for a brighter future.
翻译；
唐山逐渐开始复苏，慢慢恢复。在政府的大力支持和人民群众的不懈努力下，一座新的
唐山城在废墟上很快建起。新城市成了7百万人民的家园，交通，工业和环境都改善了很多。
唐山向中国和世界证明了，在灾难来临时，只要人民团结一致，保持积极乐观的心态和重新
建设更好的未来。
知识点
：
1. Get up on one’s feet：站着，站立
Rise to one’s feet 站起来
Struggle to one’s feet. 挣扎着站起来， 努力站起来
2. Tireless ：不知疲倦的
Tired ： 疲倦的，疲劳的
3. In times of 在……的时候
第四部分: 写作（writing skills）
A. 表达： “害怕，恐惧” 的词汇；
1. be frightened of /at …. 对….感到害怕
fearful of ….. 害怕
3. be afraid of….害怕
4. be shocked at / by…对 感到震惊、惊讶
5. be terrified at …. 对….感到害怕
6. be worried about…. 担心
7. be alarmed at…对…. 感到惊恐
8. be horrified at/ by….. 对….感到惊恐
B.表达“办法与措施”的词汇；
n. 方法
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n. 办法，方向
3. measure n. 措施
4. resource n. 资源
5. by all means 想尽办法
6. prevention/ preventive measures 预防措施，防止措施
7. take measures / take steps / take action 采取措施
C. 经典句型：
1. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that’s insincere, make kids afraid to try
new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents’ praise has
put them.
过多的表扬会适得其反，当以不真诚的方式给予表扬时，会让孩子害怕尝试新事物，或者冒
风险，害怕无法达到父母表扬她们的高度。
2. Modern method of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the
mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.
现代追踪北极熊的方法是从20世纪八十年代中期开始使用的，而且在大范围内持续进行的
成本很高。
3. Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keep in
mind your beliefs, values and strengths.
另一种设定现实目标的方法是分析你的短期和长期目标，记住你的信念，价值观和优势。
4. Prevention is key, scientists say, because once ecosystems pass their tipping point, it is
remarkably difficult for them to return.
科学家们说， 预防是关键，因为一旦生态系统过了临界点，他们就很难恢复。
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