2024年6月3日发(作者：革斌)
C811Reading
P3 telepathy
‘researcher
‘differ
‘attitude
‘meditation
‘indicate
‘psychology
‘alter
‘drastically
‘trial
‘suggest
‘mechanism
‘discovery
‘suitable
‘claim
‘solution
‘pose
‘random
‘significance
‘selection
‘subject
‘condition
‘involve
‘pick out
‘image
‘identify
‘positive
‘produce
‘factor
‘sensory
‘leakage
‘outright
‘fraud
‘task
‘limit
‘amount
‘involvement
‘carry out
‘be subjected to
‘analysis
‘consistency
‘sample
‘lack
‘sceptic
‘advocate
‘alike
‘concur
‘impressive
‘evidence
‘experiment
‘term
‘suspect
‘signal
‘faint
‘swamp
‘normal
‘in this case
‘detect
‘tranquility
‘attempt
‘beam
‘seal
‘session
‘range from…to
‘clue
‘accidentally
‘switch
‘automate d
‘variant
‘minimize
‘risk
‘flaw
‘statistical
‘overall
‘disturb
‘individual
‘defender
‘point out
‘demanding
‘detect
‘effect
‘transform
‘argue
‘probe
‘creative
1. Involved a person acting as a sender, who picked out one image from a random selection of
four, and a receiver, who then tried to identify it.
2. Positive results could be produced by factors such as sensory leakage or outright fraud.
3. Computers were used for key tasks to limit the amount of human involvement in carrying out
the tests.
4. The results were subjected to a meta-analysis.
5. The lack of consistency between different test results was put down to the fact that the
sample groups were not big enough(as with most ganzfield studies)
6. Researchers with differing attitudes towards telepathy agree on the significance of the
ganzfield experiments.
7. Reports of experiences during meditation indicated that the need to create a suitable
environment for telepathy.
8. Attitudes to parapsychology would alter drastically with the discovery of a mechanism for
telepathy.
9. Recent autoganzfield trials suggest that success rates will improve with a more careful
selection of subjects.
10. Sceptics and advocates alike do concur on one issue, however, that the most impressive
evidence so far had come from the so-called ganzfiled experiments, a German term that
means ‘whole field’.
11. Reports of telepathic experiences had by people during meditation led parapsychologists to
suspect that telepathy might involve ‘signals’ passing between people that were so faint that
they were usually swamped by normal brain activity.
12. In this case, such signals might be more easily detected by those experiencing meditation-like
tranquility in a relaxing ‘whole field’ of light, sound and warmth.
13. The idea was that a person acting as a sender would attempt to beam the image over to the
receiver relaxing in the sealed room. Once the session was over, this person was asked to
identify which of the four images had been used.
14. There were many other ways of getting positive results. These ranged from sensory
leakage-where clues about the pictures accidentally reach the receiver- to outright fraud.
15. After this, many researchers switched to autoganzfield tests-an automated variant of the
technique, which used computers to perform many of the key tasks such as the random
selection of images.
16. By minimizing human involvement, the idea was to minimize the risk of flawed results. In
1987, results from hundreds of autoganzfield tests were studied by Honorton in a
‘meta-analysis’, a statistical technique for finding the overall results from a set of studies.
17. Yet some parapsychologists remain disturbed by the lack of consistency between individual
ganzfield studies.
18. Defenders of telepathy point out that demanding impressive evidence from every study
ignores one basic fact: it takes large samples to detect small effects.
19. Answering such questions would transform parapsychology. This has prompted some
researchers to argue that the future lies not in collecting more evidence for telepathy, but in
probing possible mechanism.
20. Some work has begun already, with researchers trying to identify people who are particularly
successful in autoganzfield trials. Early results show that creative and artistic people do much
better than average.
2024年6月3日发(作者：革斌)
C811Reading
P3 telepathy
‘researcher
‘differ
‘attitude
‘meditation
‘indicate
‘psychology
‘alter
‘drastically
‘trial
‘suggest
‘mechanism
‘discovery
‘suitable
‘claim
‘solution
‘pose
‘random
‘significance
‘selection
‘subject
‘condition
‘involve
‘pick out
‘image
‘identify
‘positive
‘produce
‘factor
‘sensory
‘leakage
‘outright
‘fraud
‘task
‘limit
‘amount
‘involvement
‘carry out
‘be subjected to
‘analysis
‘consistency
‘sample
‘lack
‘sceptic
‘advocate
‘alike
‘concur
‘impressive
‘evidence
‘experiment
‘term
‘suspect
‘signal
‘faint
‘swamp
‘normal
‘in this case
‘detect
‘tranquility
‘attempt
‘beam
‘seal
‘session
‘range from…to
‘clue
‘accidentally
‘switch
‘automate d
‘variant
‘minimize
‘risk
‘flaw
‘statistical
‘overall
‘disturb
‘individual
‘defender
‘point out
‘demanding
‘detect
‘effect
‘transform
‘argue
‘probe
‘creative
1. Involved a person acting as a sender, who picked out one image from a random selection of
four, and a receiver, who then tried to identify it.
2. Positive results could be produced by factors such as sensory leakage or outright fraud.
3. Computers were used for key tasks to limit the amount of human involvement in carrying out
the tests.
4. The results were subjected to a meta-analysis.
5. The lack of consistency between different test results was put down to the fact that the
sample groups were not big enough(as with most ganzfield studies)
6. Researchers with differing attitudes towards telepathy agree on the significance of the
ganzfield experiments.
7. Reports of experiences during meditation indicated that the need to create a suitable
environment for telepathy.
8. Attitudes to parapsychology would alter drastically with the discovery of a mechanism for
telepathy.
9. Recent autoganzfield trials suggest that success rates will improve with a more careful
selection of subjects.
10. Sceptics and advocates alike do concur on one issue, however, that the most impressive
evidence so far had come from the so-called ganzfiled experiments, a German term that
means ‘whole field’.
11. Reports of telepathic experiences had by people during meditation led parapsychologists to
suspect that telepathy might involve ‘signals’ passing between people that were so faint that
they were usually swamped by normal brain activity.
12. In this case, such signals might be more easily detected by those experiencing meditation-like
tranquility in a relaxing ‘whole field’ of light, sound and warmth.
13. The idea was that a person acting as a sender would attempt to beam the image over to the
receiver relaxing in the sealed room. Once the session was over, this person was asked to
identify which of the four images had been used.
14. There were many other ways of getting positive results. These ranged from sensory
leakage-where clues about the pictures accidentally reach the receiver- to outright fraud.
15. After this, many researchers switched to autoganzfield tests-an automated variant of the
technique, which used computers to perform many of the key tasks such as the random
selection of images.
16. By minimizing human involvement, the idea was to minimize the risk of flawed results. In
1987, results from hundreds of autoganzfield tests were studied by Honorton in a
‘meta-analysis’, a statistical technique for finding the overall results from a set of studies.
17. Yet some parapsychologists remain disturbed by the lack of consistency between individual
ganzfield studies.
18. Defenders of telepathy point out that demanding impressive evidence from every study
ignores one basic fact: it takes large samples to detect small effects.
19. Answering such questions would transform parapsychology. This has prompted some
researchers to argue that the future lies not in collecting more evidence for telepathy, but in
probing possible mechanism.
20. Some work has begun already, with researchers trying to identify people who are particularly
successful in autoganzfield trials. Early results show that creative and artistic people do much
better than average.