译林版高中英语扩展创新学程三Unit4学案雅礼版-USB迷|专注于互联网分享

2024年8月10日发(作者：张廖念文)

学程三U4 What is life?

Each man must look to himself to teach him the meaning of life. It is not something discovered: it

is something molded.

—

Antoine de Sanit-Exupéry

翻译：_____________________________________________________________

Part 1: 课文精练



课文语法填空改编

Reading

What I Have Lived For

Three passions, simple but 1.______________ (overwhelm) strong, have governed my life: the

longing for love, the search for knowledge, and 2._____________ (bear) pity for the suffering of

mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me in a wayward course, over a great

ocean of anguish, 3.__________ (reach) to the very edge of despair.

I have sought love, first, because it brings delight—delight so great 4._______ I would often have

sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, next, because it

5._________ (relieve) loneliness—that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness

looks over the rim of the world into the cold lifeless abyss. I have sought it, finally,

6._________in the union of love I have seen the vision of the 7._________ (glory) world that

saints and poets have imagined. This is 8.______I sought, and though it might seem too good for

human life, this is what—at last—I have found.

9.______ equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men.

I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to understand the Pythagorean power

by which number holds sway above the flux. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved.

Love and knowledge, so far 10._____ they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But

always pity brought me back to earth. Cries of pain echo in my heart. Children in famine, victims

11.___________ (torture) by oppressors, 12._________(help) old people a burden to their sons,

and the whole world of 13.____________(lonely), poverty and pain make a mockery of what

human life should be. I long 14.___________ (defeat) this evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer.

This has been my life. I have found it worth 15.__________ (live), and would gladly live it again

if the chance 16._______________ (offer) me.

Bertrand Russell: the pursuit of his passions

British philosopher, 17._______________ (mathematics) and writer Bertrand Russell (1872-1970)

has had a major influence 18.____ Western philosophy. His works, beautifully written with

19.________ (clarify) of thought, are generally regarded as modern classics. In the prologue

20.____ his autobiography, 21.__________ (entitle) “What I Have Lived For”, Russell

22.___________ (identify) the three passions that have governed his life: the 23.__________

(long) for love, the search for knowledge and pity for the suffering of mankind. Russell regarded

these passions as 24._________ (worth) beliefs and 25.__________ (pursue) them all his life.

Russell’s first passion, the longing for love, played a powerful 26.___________ (motivate) role in

his life. To Russell, love is an 27.______________ (break) combination of delight and

well-wishing. It is the ultimate emotional experience 28._____ people could share with each other.

29.________ (full) aware of the importance of love, Russell wrote in his autobiography, “After so

many lonely years, I know 30.______ life and love may be. Now, if I sleep, I shall sleep

fulfilled.”

Russell’s acknowledgement of the importance of seeking knowledge 31.______ every opportunity,

whether to better understand our fellow man 32.______ the world in which we live,

33.________(come) as no surprise. Widely 34.__________________ (acknowledge) as an expert

in many fields, Russell actively followed his second passion. His 35._____________(academy)

achievements are far too numerous to list, but he won the Nobel Prize in Literature, discovered

Russell’s paradox 36._______(lead) to new thinking in logic and set theory, 37._____ was

recognized as one of the 38.____________(founder) of modern analytic philosophy.

Human suffering is, unfortunately, universal, inevitable and 39.____________ (escape), 40.____

which Russell was all too aware. Pity for the suffering of mankind became his third passion,

41._______ led him to dedicate much of his life to 42.__________ (ease) the pain of others

through 43.__________ (politics) and social activism. He was a pacifist who spoke out

44.________ war. In 1955, he released the Russell-Einstein Manifesto, which 45.____________

(highlight) the dangers of nuclear weapons. He was also an active 46._____________(participate)

in improving the rights of women.

Russell is outstanding 47._____ the extent that his contributions and achievements still remain

relevant to this day. There have been many attempts to sum up his remarkable life, but perhaps

the best description of 48._____ was important to him comes from Russell himself in his

prologue, “What I Have Lived For”.

 长难句分析或仿写

1. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a burden to their sons,

and the whole world of loneliness, poverty and pain make a mockery of what human life should

be.(P44, Lines 17-20)

分析：此句有______个主语，分别为_____________________________________________

_______________, 此句的谓语动词为________。此外，what在句子中引导_________从句。

翻译：_________________________________________________________________________

抄/仿写：______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

In the prologue to his autobiography, entitled “What I Have Lived For”, Russell identifies the

three passions that have governed his life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge and pity

for the suffering of mankind. (P45, Lines 3-6)

翻译：_________________________________________________________________________

抄/仿写：______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

3. Human suffering is, unfortunately, universal, inevitable and inescapable, of which Russell was

all too aware. (P45, Lines 20-21)

分析：of which引导的是________从句，which指代的是_________________________,用介

词of是因为短语_____________________。

翻译：_________________________________________________________________________

抄/仿写：______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Extended Reading:

Three Days to See

(Excerpt)

Sometimes I have thought it would be an excellent rule to live each day as if we 1.__________

(die) tomorrow. Such an attitude would emphasize 2.___________ (sharp) the values of life. We

should live each day with a gentleness, a vigor, and a keenness of appreciation 3.___________

are often lost when time stretches out before us in an endless vista.

The listlessness, I am afraid, 4._________________ (characterize) the use of all our faculties and

senses. Those who have never suffered the 5.________ (lose) of sight or hearing seldom make the

fullest use of these faculties. Their eyes and ears take in all sights and sounds hazily, without

6.______________ (concentrate) and with little appreciation. I have often thought it would be a

good thing if each human being 7.__________________ (strike) blind and deaf for a few days at

some time during his early adult life. Darkness would make him more 8.___________ (appreciate)

of sight; silence would teach him the joys of sound.

Recently I was visited by a good friend who had just returned 9._______ a long walk in the

woods, and I asked her 10.__________ she had observed. “Nothing in particular,” she replied.

How was it possible, I asked myself, to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing

11.__________ (worth) of note? I 12.______ cannot see find hundreds of things to interest me

through mere touch. I feel the delicate symmetry of a leaf 13.______ I touch the branches of trees

hopefully in search 14._____ a bud, the first sign of awakening Nature after her winter’s sleep.

Something of the miracle of Nature is revealed to me and the changing seasons are a thrilling and

unending drama, the action of 15.______ streams through my fingertips.

At times my heart cries out with 16.___________ (long) to see all these things. If I can get so

much pleasure 17.______ mere touch, how much more beauty must be revealed by sight? Perhaps

I can best illustrate by 18._______ (imagine) what I should most like to see if I had three days of

sight. What would I most want to let my gaze rest 19._______?

On the first day, I should want to see the people whose kindness, 20._____________ (gentle) and

companionship have made my life worth living. First I should like to gaze long upon the face of

my dear teacher, who opened the outer world to me 21._____ accomplished the difficult task of

my education with 22.___________ (sympathy) tenderness and patience. I should look long into

the faces of all my dear friends, imprinting upon my mind the outward evidence of the beauty

23._____ is within them. I should take 24._____ long walk in the woods and rest my eyes on the

beauties of Nature. When darkness had fallen, I should experience the double delight of being

able to see by artificial light, which man has created 25.___________ (extend) the power of his

sight.

I should devote the second day 26.____ a hasty glimpse of the world, past and present, and probe

into the soul of man through his art. My first destination would be the American Museum of

Natural History, 27._______ the condensed history of the earth and its inhabitants is displayed.

My next stop would be the Metropolitan Museum of Art, where the spirit of Egypt, Greece and

Rome, as 28.____________ (express) in their art, is unfolded before me. I should spend the

evening at a theatre or at the movies. How I should like to see 29._____ my own eyes the

fascinating figure of Hamlet, or the hearty Falstaff!

The third and last day would be spent in the workday world of the present, so New York City,

with so many activities and conditions of men, 30.________ (become) my destination. I start

from my home in a quiet little suburb, and drive across the East River. I look ahead, and before

me rise 31._____ fantastic towers of New York. I hurry to the top of the Empire State Building,

32.___________(anxiety) to see with my own eyes the city below me. Then I make a tour of the

city. Always my eyes are wide open 33.______ all the sights of both happiness and suffering so

that I may probe deep and add to my understanding of 34.______ people work and live. In the

evening I should run away to the theatre, to a 35.___________ (genuine) funny play, so that I

might appreciate the overtones of comedy in the human spirit.

With this short outline of how I should spend three days of sight, I can give one hint to

36._______ who see: use your eyes as if tomorrow you would be stricken blind. And the same

method can be applied to other 37.________ (sense). Make the most of every sense; glory in all

the pleasure and beauty which the world reveals to you through the several 38.__________

(means) of contact 39.____________(provide) by Nature.

 长难句分析或仿写

1. We should live each day with a gentleness, a vigor, and a keenness of appreciation that are

often lost when time stretches out before us in an endless vista.

翻译：_________________________________________________________________________

抄/仿写：______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

I have often thought it would be a good thing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf

for a few days at some time during his early adult life.

翻译：_________________________________________________________________________

抄/仿写：______________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

3. Make the most of every sense; glory in all the pleasure and beauty which the world reveals to

you through the several means of contact provided by Nature.

翻译：_________________________________________________________________________

抄/仿写：______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Part 2: 词汇英汉互译

 单词默写背诵版

1. overwhelmingly adv. 压倒性地，不可抵挡地→overwhelming adj.压倒性的，不可抵挡的

2. longing n. (对...的)渴望，热望；adj. 渴望的，热望的，表示渴望的

3. wayward adj.难以控制住的，任性的，倔强的

4. shiver vi.&n.颤抖，哆嗦（因寒冷、恐惧、激动等）

5. echo vi.回响，回荡；n. 回响，回声，回音

6. torture vt.使痛苦，使苦恼，使受煎熬 n. 拷打，拷问，酷刑

7. mockery n.嘲笑，愚弄；笑柄，被嘲笑的对象

8. clarity n.清晰，清楚；清晰的思维能力 →clarify v.澄清，阐明

9. compassionate adj.有同情心的，表示怜悯的

10. magnet n.磁铁，磁石，吸铁石；有吸引力的人（或地方、事物）；磁铁，磁性物体

11. glory n.荣誉，光荣，桂冠 vi. 因某事而喜悦，为某事而欣喜

12. allusion n.暗指，隐喻，典故

13. latter n.（提及的两者中）后者 adj. （提及的两者中）后者的，后半期的，后面的

14. listlessness n.无精打采，没有活力

15. faculty n.官能，天赋；才能，能力；（高等院校的）系，院；（高等院校中院、系的）

全体教师

16. symmetry n.对称；相似，相仿，相等

17. thrilling adj.惊险的，紧张的，扣人心弦的，令人兴奋不已的

18. gaze n.&v. 凝视，注视

19. companionship n.友情，友谊，交谊

20. tenderness n. 和善，温柔，亲切，慈爱

21. imprint vt.产生重大影响，铭刻，使铭记；印，压印 n. 印记，压印，痕迹；持久影响

22. glimpse n.一瞥，一看

23. hearty adj.喧闹而活泼的，吵闹快活且精力充沛的；亲切的，友好的

24. overtone n.弦外之音，言外之意，暗示

 短语默写背诵版

中文

1. 饥荒中的孩子

2. 嘲笑

3. 渴望做某事

4. 思维清晰

5. 终极的情感体验

6. 祝福

7. 意料之中

8. 政治和社会行动主义

9. 达到……的程度以致

10. 万分的感激

11. 延伸

12. 在无穷的展望中

13. 毫无感激之情

14. 变成盲的

15. 值得注意

16. 精致的对称

17. 寻找

18. 让我的目光停留在

19. 深入探索

20. 一部真正有趣的戏剧

英文

children in famine

make a mockery of

long to do

with clarity of thought

ultimate emotional experience

well-wishing

come as no surprise

political and social activism

to the extent that

a keenness of appreciation

stretch out

in an endless vista

with little appreciation

be stricken blind

worthy of note

delicate symmetry

in search of

rest my eyes on

probe deep

a genuinely funny play

Part 3: 单元语法 Allusion 隐喻，典故



考点精讲

Perhaps you have heard of Achilles, a heroic warrior in Greek mythology. In Homer’s epic poem

The liad, which describes the final events of the ten-year Trojan War, Achilles is known for his

pride and his desire for glory. Handsome, brave and unbeatable in battle, he is the greatest of all

Greek warriors. Surrounding this legendary figure, there are not only exciting stories passed down

from ancient times, but also a common allusion that has found its way into the English language.

According to Greek mythology, Achilles’s mother, a goddess named Thetis, held him below the

surface of a river that was believed to have magical powers, so as to protect him against any

injury. Unfortunately, because she held the baby Achilles by his heel, this part of his body

remained unprotected. Before Achilles took part in the Trojan War, he had a difficult decision to

make about his own life: he could return home, live a long peaceful life and be forgotten forever;

or he could fight the Trojans and die the death of a glorious warrior, with his name living on

forever. The brave warrior Achilles, not surprisingly, chose the latter. He joined his fellow Greeks

to fight the Trojans, killing the Trojan prince Hector in the process. Then Paris, Hector’s brother,

shot Achilles in his unprotected heel with an arrow, leaving him to die. For Achilles, who believed

life was meaningful only when he was remembered by others, this was a noble and worthy death.

Today, as he had hoped, Achilles’s name still lives on. His choice about how to spend his life has

led people to reflect upon the meaning of life. The allusion “Achilles heel”, referring to a weak

point in someone’s character, which can be attacked by other people, has become one of the most

commonly used allusions in the English language.

Allusion

Source

Meaning

 Working out the rules

 Allusion is a figure of speech that makes a(n) _________________ (direct/indirect) reference

to a person, object or event from outside the text.

 Some allusions come from literature or mythological stories, like “Achilles heel” from Greek

mythology.

 The use of allusions can add to the richness and depth of a text.

学程三

参考答案

翻译：每个人都必须从自己身上学会生命的意义。它不是被发现的事物，而是被塑造的事

物。

Part 1:

课文语法填空改编

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 长难句分析或仿写

Reading: What I Have Lived For

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quote

1. 分析：此句有4个主语，分别为Children in famine、victims tortured by oppressors、helpless

old people a burden to their sons和 the whole world of loneliness, poverty and pain, 此句的谓

语动词为make。此外，what在句子中引导宾语从句。

翻译：忍饥挨饿的孩子，被压迫者折磨的受害者，被子女视为负担的无助老人，以及整

个孤独、贫穷和痛苦的世界，都是对人类应有生活的嘲弄。

2. 翻译：在自传《我为何而生》的序言中，罗素指出了支配他一生的三种激情:对爱的渴望、

对知识的探索和对人类苦难的同情。

3.分析：of which引导的是定语从句，which指代的是前面整个句子Human suffering is,

unfortunately, universal, inevitable and inescapable,用介词of是因为短语be aware of。

翻译：不幸的是，人类的苦难是普遍的、不可避免的、无处逃避的，罗素对此深有感触。

Extended Reading: Three Days to See

(Excerpt)

die

tration

stricken iative

ing

hetic

terizes

ness

24.a extend

sed

ely

 长难句分析或仿写

1. 翻译：我们应该以一种温柔、一种活力和一种强烈的感激之情度过每一天，当时间在我

们面前无限延伸时，我们往往会失去这些。

2. 翻译：我常想，如果每个人在他成年的早期有几天成为聋子或瞎子，这将是一件好事。

3. 翻译：充分利用每一种感官;为世界通过自然提供的几种接触方式向你展示的所有快乐和

美丽而自豪。

Part 3: 单元语法

Allusion

Source

Meaning

Achilles heel

Greek mythology

A weak point in someone’s character, which can be

attacked by other people

 Working out the rules

 Allusion is a figure of speech that makes a(n) indirect (direct/indirect) reference to a person,

object or event from outside the text.

 Some allusions come from literature or mythological stories, like “Achilles heel” from Greek

mythology.

 The use of allusions can add to the richness and depth of a text.

 单词默写版

班级：________ 姓名：__________

1. adv. 压倒性地，不可抵挡地→ adj.压倒性的，不可

抵挡的

2. n. (对...的)渴望，热望；adj. 渴望的，热望的，表示渴望的

3. adj.难以控制住的，任性的，倔强的

4. vi.&n.颤抖，哆嗦（因寒冷、恐惧、激动等）

5. vi.回响，回荡；n. 回响，回声，回音

6. vt.使痛苦，使苦恼，使受煎熬 n. 拷打，拷问，酷刑

7. n.嘲笑，愚弄；笑柄，被嘲笑的对象

8. n.清晰，清楚；清晰的思维能力 → v.澄清，阐明

9. adj.有同情心的，表示怜悯的

10. n.磁铁，磁石，吸铁石；有吸引力的人（或地方、事物）；磁铁，磁

性物体

11. n.荣誉，光荣，桂冠 vi. 因某事而喜悦，为某事而欣喜

12. n.暗指，隐喻，典故

13. n.（提及的两者中）后者 adj. （提及的两者中）后者的，后半期的，

后面的

14. n.无精打采，没有活力

15. n.官能，天赋；才能，能力；（高等院校的）系，院；（高等院校中

院、系的）全体教师

16. n.对称；相似，相仿，相等

17. adj.惊险的，紧张的，扣人心弦的，令人兴奋不已的

18. n.&v. 凝视，注视

19. n.友情，友谊，交谊

20. n. 和善，温柔，亲切，慈爱

21. vt.产生重大影响，铭刻，使铭记；印，压印 n. 印记，压印，痕迹；

持久影响

22. _ n.一瞥，一看

23. adj.喧闹而活泼的，吵闹快活且精力充沛的；亲切的，友好的

24. n.弦外之音，言外之意，暗示

 短语默写版

班级：________ 姓名：___________