2024年10月7日发(作者：让颜骏)

VDA – xxx (Prüfblatt) / VDA xxx (term) August 2010/ August 2010

Plättchen-Biegeversuch für metallische Halbzeuge

Plate bending test for metallic semi-finished materials

VDA

238

-xxx

1 目的

1 Purpose

此测试规范描述了如何执行板材弯曲测试和确定弯

曲角度。弯曲测试用于得出金属材料在弯曲变形为

主导的加工过程（例如折弯操作）中，或者在冲击

载荷作用下，有关成型过程和失效敏感性的一些结

论。

This test specification describes how to perform the

plate bending test and how to determine the bend-

ing angle. The tests are intended to draw conclu-

sions about the forming behavior and the suscepti-

bility to failure of metallic materials during forming

processes with dominant bending portions (e.g.

hemming operations) or during crash loads.

2 适用范围

2 Scope

本试验规范适用于改良对金属材料样品进行的弯曲

试验，例如高强度钢，铝合金或镁合金。

This test specification applies to the modified plate

bending test on metallic specimens like high-

strength steel, aluminum- or magnesium-alloys.

3

缩略语

F

S

D

L

R

a

b

l

r



R

m

试验力，单位为N

下压距离，单位为mm

支辊直径，单位为mm

支辊距离，单位为mm

支辊半径，单位为mm

样品厚度，单位为mm

样品宽度，单位为mm

样品长度，单位为mm

冲头半径，单位为mm

弯曲角度，单位为 °

抗拉强度，单位为MPa

3

Abbreviations

F

S

D

L

R

a

b

l

r



R

m

Punch force in N

Punch displacement in mm

Roller diameter in mm

Roller distance in mm

Roller radius in mm

Sample thickness in mm

Sample width in mm

Sample length in mm

Punch radius in mm

Bending angle in °

Tensile strength in MPa

4 测试设备

• 配备弯曲装置的万能试验机

• 配备低摩擦安装的支辊的弯曲装置（图

1）

• 弯曲冲头（图2）

• 角度测量装置

4 Test Equipment

• Universal testing machine with support for

the bending device

• Bending device with low-friction mounted

roller supports (Figure 1)

• Bending punch (Figure 2)

• Angle measuring device

5 样品

5 Samples

Fortsetzung Seite 2 bis 13

Continued page 2 to page 13

VERBAND DER AUTOMOBILINDUSTRIE E. V. (VDA) Behrenstr. 35 10117 Berlin

Vertrieb: DOKUMENTATION KRAFTFAHRTWESEN E.V. (DKF) Ulrichstraße 14, D-74321 Bietigheim-Bissingen,

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5.1 试样制备

5.1 Sample Preparation

5.1.1

常规制备

平板试样的尺寸应该为60mm×60mm。如果所需的

试样尺寸无法实现，在客户事先允许的情况下，试

样宽度可以减小。为了最小化试样边缘区域三角应

力状态的影响，目前宽度必须超过样品厚度。最佳

情况是试样宽度b≥20 * 样品厚度a。测试机构和客

户之间可以通过递交相关规范或者类似的文件，就

试样最小宽度可以达成一致。可能存在的防腐蚀油

层或其他涂层必须从试样表面去除。

在弯曲测试过程中，测试的值仅应在裂纹源不在边

缘范围形成的情况下被使用。这点必须从材料上保

证，通过使用轧齿边，研磨或去毛刺的方法，对边

缘进行再加工。

5.1.1 General Preparation

The dimensions of the plain specimens shall be

60 mm x 60 mm. The specimen width can be

reduced after prior approval by the customer, if the

required specimen dimensions cannot be realized.

In order to minimize the influence of the three-axes

stress condition in the area of the edges the

specimen width must exceed the sample thickness

by far. Preferably the specimen width should be

b ≥ 20 * sample thickness a. A minimum width can

be agreed between the testing institute and the

customer by means of delivery specifications or the

like. Probably existing corrosion protection oils or

drawing aids must be removed from the specimen

surface.

The measured values shall be used only if the crack

formation during the bending test is not initiated

within the edges. This must be ensured, in

dependence of the material, by reworking the edges

by means of milling, grinding or deburring.

5.1.2 Preparation of samples for the determination

of bendability and foldability

When tested in the as-supplied condition materials

with high forming potential (e.g. body exterior skin

qualities) can be bent in the bending test by almost

180° without failure. These materials may be pre-

strained uniaxially before the bending test in order

to achieve a better characterization of the

bendability and hemmability. The test is performed

on sheet metal strips with a length of 250 mm and a

width of 70 mm, each taken from the product

according to the later main (bending) strain

direction. Thus, the pre-strain is applied vertically to

the orientation of the bending line. The pre-strain

parameters are to be taken from Table 1. Different

strain directions between pre-strain and bending

must be excluded. Two bending specimens with

dimensions 60 mm x 60 mm can be taken from the

center area of the pre-strained sheet metal strip. A

homogeneous strain distribution within the

specimens is assumed. If above specimen

dimension cannot be realized a deviation is

possible. This must be agreed with the customer

however.

值/ Value

250 mm x 70 mm

10%

5%

15%

5%

5.1.2 制备用于测定弯曲性和折叠性的样品

当以供应状态进行测试时，具有高成形潜力的材料

（例如身体外部皮肤的特性）可以在弯曲测试中弯

曲几乎180°而不失效。这些材料可以在弯曲试验之

前单轴预应变，以便更好地表征弯曲性和抗折强

度。测试使用了长度为250mm，宽度为70mm的片

状金属带材进行试验，每个样品根据主（弯曲）应

变方向从产品中取出。因此，预应变垂直于弯曲线

的取向施加。预应变参数取自表1。预应变和弯曲之

间的不同应变方向必须排除。可以从预应后的片状

金属带材的中心区域取出尺寸为60 mm x 60 mm的

两个弯曲试样。假定试样内的应变均匀分布。如果

不能实现上述试样尺寸，可能产生误差。这必须与

客户达成一致。

参数 / Parameter

样品尺寸 (长度 x 宽度)

Sample size (length x width)

预应变/ Prestraining:

Al-板材 / Al-sheet

Al-挤压型材 / Al extrusion profil

钢板 / steel sheet (R

m

< 580 MPa)

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钢板 / steel sheet (R

m

≥ 580 MPa)

25 mm/min

150 mm

预应变速率

Prestraining rate

夹子之间的自由长度

F

ree length between clamps

表1: 预应变参数

Table 1: Prestraining parameters

从预应变带材中取样的过程与上述方法相同。如果

组件几何形状要求，可能会偏离预应变方向。

5.2 样品名称

为了清楚地分配一个测试样本名称/条件，采样必须

符合下述规范（特性）。 特性要用下划线

（“_”）分隔。如果确保了所需的清楚和明确的分

配，则允许根据测试机构的内部指南进行样品命

名。 如果使用了内部命名条例，则必须对其进行记

录并将其提供给客户。

除了测试结果和评估方法外，每个测试系列必须记

录以下编号1至10的特征。

1. 名称: 测试

B = 弯曲测试

2. 名称: 材料(标准命名, 对于非标准化材料，必须使

用商业化命名)

3. 名称: 表面状态

U = 无涂层

Z = 热浸镀锌

ZE = 电镀锌

ZF = 热镀锌

AS = 镀铝

AB = 其他涂层

4. 名称: 预应变方向

L = 择优取向(轧制或挤压方向)的纵向,

Q =择优取向(轧制或挤压方向)的横向,

D =择优取向(轧制或挤压方向)的对角线

方向,

0 = 无预应变

5. 名称: 预应变百分比

(无尺寸)

6. 名称: 测试方向

L, Q, D (相对于择优取向)

7. 名称: 热处理

O = 无热处理

W1 = 热处理后 (170°C/20min)

W2 = 热处理后 (175°C/15min)

The process for taking samples from the pre-

strained stripe is the same as already described

above. If the component geometry requires so, a

deviation from the pre-straining direction is possible.

5.2 Sample designation

In order to clearly allocate a test to a sample

designation / condition, sample taking must comply

with the specifications (characteristics) described

below. Characteristics are to be separated by un-

derscore („_“). Sample designations according to

internal guidelines of the testing institutes are per-

mitted if the required clear and unambiguous alloca-

tion is ensured. If internal naming conventions are

used these must be documented and made availa-

ble to the customer. .

In addition to the testing results and the evaluation

method the following characteristics 1 to 10 have to

be documented for each test series.

1. Designation: Testing

B = Bending test

2. Designation: Material (standard designation, for

non standardised materials the com-

mercial designation has to be used)

3. Designation: Surface condition

U = no coating

Z = hot dip galvanised

ZE = electrogalvanized

ZF = galvannealed

AS = aluminised

AB = other coating

4. Designation: Direction of pre-strain

L = longitudinal to preferential direction

(rolling- or extrusion direction),

Q = transversal to preferential direction

(rolling- or extrusion direction),

D = diagonal to preferential direction

(rolling- or extrusion direction),

0 = without pre-straining

5. Designation: Pre-strain in percent

(without dimension)

6. Designation: Testing direction

L, Q, D (relative to preferential direc-

tion)

7. Designation: Heat treatment

O = without heat treatment

W1 = heat treated (170°C/20min)

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Wx = 热处理后，与客户达成协议

8. 名称:测试温度 (单位为K)

233, 296, 373

9. 名称: 冲头半径

(作为小数位)

10. 名称: 平行测试的次数

a, b, c, ....

举例:对等级为HC340X + ZE的钢进行了弯曲试验。

在与轧制方向平行的方向对该材料施加5％的预应

变，在轧制方向的横向进行测试，不进行热处理; 使

用半径为0.2mm的弯曲冲头，在296K（室温）下进

行试验。

这是第三次平行测试。

W2 = heat treated (175°C/15min)

Wx = heat treated, in agreement with

the customer

8. Designation: Test temperature (in Kelvin)

233, 296, 373

9. Designation: Punch radius

(as decimal place)

10. Designation: Number of the parallel test

a, b, c, ....

Example: A bending test with steel grade HC340X+ZE

has been performed. The material was pre-strained by 5%

parallel to the rolling direction, was tested transversal to

the rolling direction and was not heat treated; the test was

performed at 296 K (room temperature) using a bending

punch with a punch radius of 0,2 mm.

It was the third parallel test.

B_HC340X_ZE_L_5_Q_O_296_2_

注解: 文件名中的简称必须符合最新标准。 数据头

中的简称（见附录D）未更新。

样品必须用彩色笔做字母刻字，因此刻字不能导致

应力区域的缺口。如果确保了所需的清楚和明确的

分配，则允许根据测试机构的内部指南进行样品命

名。

如果知道择优取向（轧制或挤压方向），必须在每

个样品上使用标记（毛毡）笔指出（见图3）。 如

果样品显示预成型，永久伸长或弹性恢复，则必须

单独记录，并在分析测试结果时考虑。

Annotation: The short name in the file name must

be adapted to the latest standard. The short name

in the data header (see Appendix D) is not updated.

The samples must be lettered by means of a

colored pen whereby the lettering must not act as a

notch in the stressed zone. Sample designations

according to internal guidelines of the testing

institutes are permitted if the required clear and

unambiguous allocation is ensured.

If known, the preferential direction (rolling or

extrusion direction) must be indicated on each

sample using a marker (felt) pen (see Figure 3). If

the samples exhibit pre-forming, permanent

elongation or elastic recovery this must be

documented separately and be considered in the

analysis of the test results.

6

6.1

测试条件

测试次数

6

6.1

Test conditions

Number of tests

必须进行三（3）次轧制或挤压方向的有效试验。

如果测试结果与确定的弯曲角度相差超过5％，则必

须进行两次附加的测试。 如果无法实现上述样品的

数量，样品体积可以降低。 这必须与客户达成一

致。

如果需要更高精度的平均值，样本数可能超过5。这

可以通过置信区间估计（95％概率，参考ISO

2602）。

Three (3) valid tests per rolling or extrusion direction

must be performed. If the test results deviate by

more than 5% related to the determined bending

angle 2 additional tests must be performed. If above

number of samples cannot be realized the sample

volume may be reduced. This must be agreed with

the customer however.

If a higher precision of the mean value is required

the number of samples may exceed 5. This can be

estimated by means of the confidence interval (95%

probability, refer to ISO 2602).

6.2

Preparation

6.2

制备

弯曲装置必须固定在拉力试验机中，使得辊子在弯

曲冲头下方中心并且平行地布置。

The bending device must be positioned in the

tensile test machine such that the rollers are

arranged centrally and in parallel under the bending

punch.

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F:

S:

D:

L:

l:

a:

b:

r:

:

试验力，N / punch force in N

下压距离，mm / punch displacement in mm

支辊直径，mm / roller diameter in mm

支辊距离，mm / roller distance in mm

样品长度，mm / sample length in mm

样品厚度，mm / sample thickness in mm

样品宽度，mm / sample width in mm

冲头半径，mm / punch radius in mm

弯曲角度，° / bending angle in °

图 1: 弯曲装置示意图

Figure 1: Schematic illustration of the bending device

弯曲冲头刀片的半径，厚度和深度必须符合图2中的

图示（用感叹号表示）。 此外，弯曲冲头必须设计

成在测试时样品仅与冲头半径接触。 其他指示的尺

寸用作定位。

Radius, thickness and depth of the blade of the

bending punch must comply with the drawing in

Figure 2 (indicated by exclamation mark).

Furthermore, the bending punch must be designed

such that, while testing, the sample has contact with

the punch radius only. The other indicated

dimensions serve as orientation.

Abbildung 2: 弯曲冲头示意图

Figure 2: Schematic illustration of the bending punch

样品对称地放置在两个辊上，使得弯曲冲头施加的

力沿着支撑件之间的距离的中心线起作用（参见图

1）。 建议放置样品时，使得可能存在于边缘处的

切割毛刺或断裂面部分位于远离拉力的侧面，即在

冲头的侧面。

The samples are positioned symmetrically on both

rollers such that the force applied via the bending

punch acts along the center line of the distance

between the supports (see Figure 1). It is

recommended to position the samples such that

cutting burrs or fracture surface portions possibly

existing at the edges lie at side facing away from the

pull force, i.e. at the side of the punch.

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1 冲头

2 样品

3 弯曲线为择优取向的纵向

4 择优取向

1 冲头

2 样品

3 弯曲线为择优取向的横向

4 择优取向

图3: 样品相对于弯曲冲头的取向

Figure 3: Sample orientation relative to bending punch

参数/ Parameter

样品厚度 a / Sample thickness a

样品宽度b / Sample width b

样品长度l / Sample length l

支辊直径D / roller diameter D

冲头半径r / punch radius r

钢/ steel (R

m

≥ 780 MPa)

钢/ steel (R

m

< 780 MPa)

铝及镁合金 / Al- and Mg-alloys

0,2 mm

0,2 mm

2 x a + 0,5 mm

2 x a

a  2 mm

0,4 mm

0,4 mm

0,4 mm

值/ Value

材料厚度 / material thickness

60 mm

60 mm

30 mm

a > 2 mm

支辊距离L / roller distance L

钢/ steel

铝及镁合金 / Al- and Mg-alloys

表1: 弯曲装置参数

Table 2: Parameters of bending device

6.3

步骤

6.3

Procedure

弯曲试样在试验装置中进行弯曲，没有润滑剂，支

The bending sample is bent in the test device,

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撑在枢轴辊压机上，直到压力值达到关闭阀值（如

表三）。滚筒的安装尽可能的无摩擦。理想状态是

一个合适的滚子轴承。关闭的标准是已经达到最大

力后下降30N（或60N分别）。当弯曲角度根据附录

A来确定时，可以在稍后的时间选择终止测试。弯曲

的路径和力的记录。如果材料表现出好的成形性能

必须继续进行测试只要能保证正常弯曲（不受损

害）。

为了避免冲头冲头和支撑辊之间碰撞，必须定义第

二个最大冲头的行程标准。弯曲标准的选择必须

（依赖于测试装置）能保证正常弯曲和能够达到的

最大可能的弯曲角度。

without lubricants and supported on pivoted rollers

until the force shut-off threshold is reached (see

Table 3). Mounting of the rollers must be as

frictionless as possible. Ideal would be a suitable

roller bearing. The shut-off criterion is a drop in

force of 30N (or 60N, respectively) after the

maximum force has been reached. When the

bending angle is determined according to Appendix

A there is the option that the test may be terminated

at a later point in time. Bending path and force are

recorded. In case of materials that exhibit a good

forming property care must be taken to continue the

test only as long as unimpaired bending is ensured.

A second shut-off criterion for the maximum punch

travel must be defined in order to avoid collisions

between the punch and the support rollers. The

criterion must be selected (in dependence of the

test device) such that unimpaired bending is

ensured and highest possible maximum bending

angles can be achieved.

参数 / Parameter

预处理速率 / velocity to pre-force

预处理力/ pre-force

测试速率/ test velocity

强制关闭阈值 / force shut-off threshold

a  2 mm

a > 2 mm

a  2 mm

a > 2 mm

值 / Value

10 mm/min

30 N

100 N

20 mm/min

30 N

60 N

表

3

：测试步骤参数

Table 3: Parameters for test procedure

为了排除弯曲装置和测试设备的影响，必须提前与

其他测试装备进行比较。

A comparison with other testing devices is to be

performed in advance in order to exclude an

influence of the bending device and of the testing

equipment.

6.4

Analysis

6.4

分析

弯曲角度可以通过弯曲冲孔的位移计算得到（附录

A）或由手动测量样品来确定根据标准（附录B）。

测量的类型必须在各自的材料规范中定义，或者分

别在客户和供应商之间达成一致。

The bending angle can either be calculated from the

displacement of the bending punch (Appendix A) or

be determined by manual post measurement of the

samples by means of a gauge (Appendix B). The

type of measurement must be defined in the

respective material specification or be agreed

between the customer and the supplier,

respectively.

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图4: 弯曲角度的取向

Figure 4: Orientation of the bending angle



第一种方法可以确定裂纹萌生阶段的弯曲角度，即

在应力状态下，并由弯曲的塑性部分组成，也有弹

性部分。在无应力状态下，仅测量弯曲过程中的塑

性部分。

7 引用标准

ISO 2602：对测试结果的统计解释—均值—置信区

间的估计

SEP 1240：测试和文献指南对于钢铁材料机械性能

的CAE仿真计算

The first method allows to determine the bending

angle at the crack initiation phase, i.e. in the

stressed condition and comprises in addition to the

plastic portion of the bending also the elastic

portion. When measuring the samples in the

unstressed condition merely the plastic portion of

the bending process is measured.

7 Normative References

ISO 2602: Statistical interpretation of test results -

estimation of the mean - confidence interval

SEP 1240: Testing and Documentation Guideline

for the Experimental Determination of Mechanical

Properties of Steel Sheets for CAE-Calculations

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附录A

从冲孔的位移确定弯曲角度

Appendix A

Determination of the bending angle from

the displacement of the punch (punch

stroke)

Measuring method A:

The bending angle  at force maximum can be

calculated by means of the displacement of the

bending punch. The bending angle measured in

this way comprises in addition to the plastic

portion also a portion of elastic deformation.

测量方法A

通过弯曲冲孔的位移计算出最大的弯曲角度。以这

种方式测量的弯曲角度包括塑性部分和弹性的一部

分。



2(Arctan(

2

h4gih

L

2

(Ra)(()(R))

2

(RaS)

2g2

hh

2

4gi

2g

Where

)

180

)

PI()

Mit

L

2

)(RaS)

2

2

LLL

h2(Ra)

2

((R))2(R)

3

2(RaS)

2

((R))

222

LLL

i(Ra)

4

2(Ra)

2

(R)

2

(RaS)

2

(Ra)

2

(RaS)

2

(R)

2

(R)

4

222

g(R

With:

R:

a:

S:

L:

支辊半径，mm

样品厚度，mm

冲头位移，mm

支辊距离，mm

R:

a:

S:

L:

Roller radius in mm

Sample thickness mm

Punch displacement in mm

Roller distance in mm

其中:

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VDA xxx August 2010 / VDA xxx August 2010

附录 B

通过手工测量确定弯曲角度

测量方法B:

采用角度测量仪，可以在无应力状态下确定弯曲角

度。用这种方式测得弯曲角度仅由弯曲的塑性部分

组成。

Appendix B

Determination of the bending angle by

manual post-measurement

Measuring method B:

By use of an angle measuring gauge the bending

angle  can be determined in the stress-free con-

dition. The bending angle measured in this way

comprises the plastic portion of the bending only.

图4: 手动测量弯曲样品

Figure 5: Manual measurement of the bent sample

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附录 C

弯曲试验的数据曲线的例子

Appendix C

Example of a data curve from the bending

test

弯曲试验

Bending test

材料: HC340X

Material: HC340X

表面: ZE

Surface: ZE

预应变: 无

Pre-straining: without

测试方向: 横向

Testing direction:

transversal

热处理: 无

Heat treatment: without

测试温度: 296 K

Test temperature: 296 K

冲头半径: 0,2 mm

Punch radius: 0,2 mm

样品: a

Sample: a

Abbildung 5: 测量的示例曲线

Figure 6: Example curve for the measurement

设横截面是矩形的，载荷为P 牛，宽为b mm，厚度为h mm，跨距为L mm。则最大应力σ为：

σ=1/4*P*L/[1/6*b*h^2] N/mm^2

=1/4*P*L/[1/6*b*h^2] MPa

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12

附录D

确定特征值的数据格式

为了保证数据的无错误交接，规范化的数据格式已

经建立起来并且应当遵循。约定的字符集如下：

• 7位ASCII代码，没有变音符号，使用制表

位。Die Anzahl der Leerzeichen ist

beliebig.

• 空白字符数没有要求

• 注释行以$字符开头

• 小数字符是一个点.

• 列用分号分隔

• 数据文件名的扩展名位“.txt”或“.dat”

保存的数据文件应包含一个含相关测试过程的所有

重要信息的标题。 标题应包含关于材料的一般信息

（测试时的简称，制造商等）以及由测试产生的具

体信息（例如测量的弯曲角度）。 下面给出的关键

字应该与他们写的完全相同。

标题的字段被分类为必需字段和可选字段。必填字

段包含必须提供的信息，而可选字段包含测量的详

细信息。只要遵守相关约定，可以增加可选字段的

数量以包含进一步的信息（例如测量的参数）。

在文档中存储图片的格式是JPEG。文本文档的格

式是Microsoft Word。 后处理所需的测试数据应以

Microsoft Excel格式存储。

弯曲测试文件的标题示例：

WERKSTOFF_NORM_NAME = HC340X

WERKSTOFFNUMMER_NORM = 1.0941

MATERIALNAME = DP600

PRUEFUNG = BIEGEVERSUCH

PROBENIDENTNUMMER =

B_HC340X_ZE_0_0_Q_O_296_2_c

PROBENGEOMETRIE = Biegeplättchen 60mm

ENTNAHMERICHTUNG = QUER

VORVERFORMUNG_SOLL <%> = 0

VDA xxx August 2010 / VDA xxx August 2010

Appendix D

Data format for determination of

characteristic value

In order to guarantee the error-free exchange of

data, standardized data formats have been estab-

lished and should be followed. The agreed charac-

ter set is as follows:

• 7-Bit ASCII code without umlauts and

tabstops are to be used

• The number of blank space characters is

arbitrary

• Comment lines begin with a $ character

• Decimal character is a point “.”

• Columns are to be separated by semicolons

• Data filenames are to have the extensions

“.txt” or “.dat”

The saved data file shall include a header contain-

ing all of the important information regarding the

test procedure. The header shall contain general

information regarding the material (short name at

the time of the test, manufacturer, etc.) as well as

specific information resulting from the test (e.g.

measured bending angle). The keywords given

below are to be used exactly as they are written.

The fields of the header are categorized as nec-

essary fields and optional fields. Necessary fields

contain information which must be provided, while

optional fields contain detailed information on the

measurements. The number of optional fields can

be increased to contain further information (e.g.

measured parameters) as long as the relevant

conventions are adhered to.

The format for storing pictures in the documenta-

tion is JPEG. The format for text documents is

Microsoft Word. Test data, which is necessary for

postprocessing shall be stored in Microsoft Excel

format.

Example for a header for the documentation of the

bending test:

material norm name = HC340X

material number norm = 1.0941

material name = DP600

test = BENDINGTEST

sample ident number =

B_HC340X_ZE_0_0_Q_O_296_2_c

sample geometry = Biegeplättchen 60mm

sample direction = QUER

nominal pre-deformation <%> = 0

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VORVERFORMUNG_IST <%> = 0

VORVERFORMUNGSRICHTUNG = 0

WAERMEBEHANDLUNG = O

PROBENBREITE_IST = 60

PROBENDICKE_IST = 1.5

PRUEFTEMPERATUR_SOLL = 296

AUFTRAG = Musterfirma

PRUEFDATUM <> = 05.09.2008

PRUEFER = Fritz Mustermann

PRUEFSTELLE = Musterfirma

BEMERKUNG =

BIEGEWINKEL_GEMESSEN <°> = 121

DATEN =

ZEIT ;KRAFT ;WEG

0;0;0

1;3;0.0

VDA xxx August 2010 / VDA xxx August 2010

actual pre-deformation <%> = 0

direction of pre-deformation = 0

heat treatment = O

actual sample width = 60

actual sample thickness = 1.5

nominal testing temperature = 296

order = Musterfirma

date

of

test

<

>

=

05.09.2008

tester = Fritz Mustermann

place of test = Musterfirma

remark =

bending angle measured <°> = 121

data =

time ;force ;distance

0;0;0

1;3;0.0