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2024年1月7日发(作者：竭源)

ASTM A 312/A 312M - 95a

Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes

This specification covers austenitic steel pipe intended for high temperature and general corrosive service. H grades in the chemical

composition table are specifically for high temperature service.

Dimensions and Tolerances

•

Dimensions. All standard pipe sizes and wall thicknesses may be specified, subject to manufacturing limitations. Minimum wall

thickness pipe is also covered as a supplementary requirement.

Tolerances. ASTM pipe

Manufacture

•

Materials. Refer to chemical composition table.

Manufacture. In order to comply with this specification the pipe must be manufactured by an automatic welding process using no

filler metal, or it must be a seamless pipe. If a welded pipe has a nominal pipe size greater than 14 then it may be constructed from

two longitudinal sections, and hence have two longitudinal welds. The pipe may be either hot finished or cold finished.

Heat treatment. Refer to heat treatment table and supplementary requirement S6.

Marking on each length of pipe: Manufacturer’s make or brand, specification number, ‘WR’ if weld repaired, ‘NPS’ and schedule,

‘NH’ if no hydrotesting performed, ‘ET’ if eddy-current tested, ‘UT’ if ultrasonic tested. (NPS = Nominal Pipe Size.)

Finish and Repair

•

Finish. The surface of the pipe must be clean and free of scale and contaminating iron particles. It can be bright annealed but may

be pickled, blasted or can be passivated.

Repair by welding. Permitted on <20% of the weld seam length of welded pipe if >NPS 6 and having a wall thickness >0.200 in

(mm). Tungsten-arc welding process is used for repairs, with filler metal to a grade as specified in A 312 (not repeated here). Weld

repairs must be identified on the pipe and in test certificate.

Mandatory Testing

•

Transverse or Longitudinal Tension Test. One test made on a specimen for lots of less than 100 pipes. Two tests made for

greater lots.

Flattening Test. 5% of pipe will be treated and at least 2 pipes from heat treated lot. For welded pipe, transverse guided face bend

test may be conducted in place of flattening test.

Grain Size Examination. The following grades will be subjected to grain size determinations, with 5% of the pipe being examined:

TP309H, TP309HCb, TP310H, TP310HCb – grain size No 6 or coarser, UNS S32615 - grain size No 3 or finer.

Hydrostatic Test. Each pipe will be tested unless the pipe exceeds NPS 10 and the purchaser has agreed, or has agreed to

alternative Nondestructive testing.

Nondestructive Examination. All processing must be completed before testing. Either Ultrasonic (Practice E 213) or Eddy Current

(Practice E 426) testing may be used, or both. The operator must be qualified. A reference standard must be employed to regularly

calibrate the testing equipment. Guidance regarding the reference standards, detailed in A 312, is not included in this summary.

Ordering Information

Item

Specification number

Size

Quantity

Name of material

Process

Grade

End finish

Test report

Notes

ASTM A 312/A 312M-95a

Nominal pipe size or outside diameter. Schedule or average wall

thickness.

Random or specified lengths. Total length or number of lengths.

Austenitic stainless steel pipe

Seamless or welded

Selected from chemical composition table

Plain ends with all burrs removed is ASTM requirement. Bevelled, or

other end finishes can be specified.

DIN 50049.3.1.B standard, or DIN 50049.3.1.C optional (3rd party

witness test) at extra cost

Refer to optional and supplementary requirements S1 to S8 Options and supplementary requirements

Note -The above table is based on ASTM requirements except with regard to alternative end finishes and test reports, where standard

practice options are added. See also page 10-2 for ISO based ordering and general delivery information.

Optional and Supplementary Requirements

• Chemical analysis of one billet or one length of flat rolled stock from each heat may be performed if required by purchaser.

• Hydrostatic, eddy-current or ultrasonic testing.

• Discontinuities. The type, size, location, orientation, of discontinuities that are of interest during NDT may be specified.

• Hot or cold finishing.

• Passivating treatment may be requested.

• Surface Finish. Bright annealed or other surface finish.

• Pipe Marking. The weight may be requested for pipe >NPS4.

• S1 Product Analysis. NPS 5 and larger one analysis for each ten lengths from each heat of

• steel. NPS smaller than 5 then only 10% need be tested.

• S1 Tranverse Tension Tests. NPS 8 and larger can have one transverse tension test on 10% of lengths per he at of steel.

• S1 Flattening Test. A flattening test will be made on a specimen from one or both ends of each pipe. The number of tests per pipe

needs to be specified.

• S1 Etching Tests. Etching tests show the homogeneity of pipes and are made on a cross section from one or both ends of a pipe.

• S1 Radiographic Examination. The entire length of weld will be examined for any double welded pipe. In addition the pipe will be

marked RT and the test results included in the certification.

• S1 Stabilising Heat Treatment. The solution annealed grades TP309HCb, TP310HCb, TP321, TP321H, TP347, TP347H, TP348

and TP348H will be given a stabilisation heat treatment. Temperature will be as agreed between purchaser and vendor.

• S1 Intergranular Corrosion Test. This test in accordance with Practices A 262 Practice E.

• S1 Minimum Wall Pipe. A minimum wall thickness may be specified, in which case the wall thickness may not be below the

thickness

Tensile Requirements

Tensile Strength min

Grade

All

TP304L

TP304N

UNS

ksi

All

S30403

S30451

S31272

S31603

S31651

S32100

S32109

S21900

S21904

75(701)

MPa

515

485

550

450

485

550

515(4851)

620

ksi

30(251)

MPa

205

170

240

200

170

240

205(1701)

345

Longit %

Trans %

Yield Strength min Elongation in 2 in (50 mm) or 4D min

TP316L

TP316N

TP321

TP321H

TPXM-10

TPXM-11

TPXM-19

TPXM-29

S20910

S24000

S31254

S30615

S30815

S31050

S30600

S31726

S32615

S33228

S24565

S30415

S32654

S35315

N08367

N08904

100

84(782)

115

109

100(953)

690

650

620

600

580(5402)

540

550

500

795

600

750

650

690(6553)

490

39(372)

45(453)

380

300

275

310

270(2552)

240

220

185

415

290

430

270

310(3103)

215

Notes

- All = All grades listed in the chemical composition table other than those itemised in this table.

1 Values for wall thickness >3/8 in (9.5 mm)

2 Values for wall thickness >1/4 in (6.35 mm)

3 Values for wall thickness >0.187 in (4.75 mm)

Heat Treatment

Grade

All

TP304H

TP316H

TP321H

TP347H

TP348H

UNS

All

S30409

S31609

S32109

S34709

S34809

S30815

S31272

S31254

S24565

S32654

S35315

N08367

N08904

Temperature °F

1900

1900(1900)

2000(1925)

1920

2100

2050-2140

2100

2010

2025

2000

Temperature °C

1040

1040(1040)

1090(1050)

1050

1150

1121-1170

1150

1100

Treatment

Minimum solution temperature. Quench1

Minimum solution temp for cold (hot) working. Quench1

Minimum solution temperature. Quench

1,2

Minimum solution temperature. Quench

Minimum solution temperature. Quench1

Solution temperature range. Quench1

Minimum solution temperature. Quench1

Notes

- All = All grades listed in the chemical composition table other than those itemised in this table.

1 Quench in water or rapid cool by other means

2 Pipe marking to include heat number and heat-treatment lot number

Chemical Composition

Grade

TP304

TP304H

TP304L

TP304N

TP304LN

TP309Cb

UNS

S30400

S30409

Composition Percentage, max or range

&DUERn 0DQJDQHVe 3KRVSKRUXs 6XOSKXr 6LOLFRn

0.08

0.04-0.10

S30403 0.035

S30451

S30453

S30940

0.08

0.035

2.00

1.5-2.0

2.00

8.0-10.0

2.00

4.0-6.0

11.5-14.5

1.00

2.00

0.80

2.00

1.00

0.040

0.045

0.040

0.045

0.040

0.045

0.030

0.040

0.030

0.040

0.060

0.030

0.040

0.020

0.040

0.045

0.020

0.030

0.015

0.030

0.010

0.030

0.015

0.020

0.030

0.015

0.75

0.3-0.7

0.75

1.00

1.50-2.50

1.00

0.80

3.2-4.0

1.40-2.00

0.4

3.7-4.3

0.75

4.8-6.0

0.30

1LFNHl

&KURPLXm

0ROEGHQXm

0.75

1.0-1.4

2.00-3.00

3.00-4.00

1.50-3.00

6.00-6.50

1.6-2.6

0.20

4.0-5.0

0.3-1.5

Note

8.00-11.0

8.00-13.0

8.00-11.0

12.0-16.0

12.0-15.0

12.0-16.0

12.0-15.0

19.0-22.0

14.0-16.0

11.0-14.0

10.0-15.0

11.0-14.0

11.0-15.0

9.00-13.0

5.50-7.50

17.5-18.5

11.5-13.5

2.25-3.75

17.5-18.5

13.5-16.0

10.0-12.0

20.5-23.5

14.0-15.5

13.5-17.5

19.0-22.0

31.0-33.0

18.0-20.0

22.0-24.0

24.0-26.0

14.0-16.0

16.0-18.0

18.0-20.0

17.0-20.0

19.0-21.5

17.0-19.0

20.5-23.5

17.0-19.0

19.5-20.5

17.0-19.5

20.0-22.0

24.0-26.0

17.0-18.5

18.0-20.0

17.0-20.0

16.5-19.5

26.0-28.0

2 0.08

0.04-TP309H S30909

0.10

0.04-TP309HCb S30941

0.10

TP309S

TP310Cb

S30908

S31040

0.08

0.04-TP310H S31009

0.10

0.04-TP310HCb S31041

0.10

TP310S S31008

S31272

0.080

1,24

TP316

TP316H

TP316L

TP316N

TP316LN

TP317

TP317L

TP321

TP321H

TP347

TP347H

TP348

TP348H

TPXM-10

TPXM-11

TPXM-15

TPXM-19

TPXM-29

0.08-0.12

S31600 0.08

0.04-S31609

0.10

S31603 0.035

S31651

S31653

S31700

S31703

S32100

S32109

S34700

S34709

S34800

S34809

S21900

S21904

S38100

S20910

S24000

S31254

S30615

0.08

0.035

0.08

0.035

0.08

0.04-0.10

0.08

0.04-0.10

0.08

0.04-0.10

0.08

0.04

0.08

0.060

0.080

0.020

4, 22

4, 23

13,26

14,26

0.16-0.24

0.05-S30815

0.10

S31050

S30600

S31725

S31726

S32615

S33228

0.025

0.018

0.03

0.07

0.04-0.08

TP347LN

S24565

S30415

S32654

S34751

0.03

0.04-0.06

0.020

5.0-7.0

0.80

2.00-4.00

2.00

0.030

0.045

0.030

0.040

0045

0.040

0.045

0.010

0.030

0.005

0.030

0.035

1.00

1.00-2.00

0.50

0.75

1.00

16.0-18.0

9.0-10.0

21.0-23.0

9.00-13.0

34.0-36.0

23.50-25.50

23.0-28.0

23.0-25.0

18.0-19.0

24.0-25.0

17.0-20.0

24.0-26.0

20.0-22.0

19.0-23.0

4.0-5.0

7.0-8.0

6.00-7.00

4.0-5.0

0.005-0.020

0.04-S35315

0.08

N08367 0.030

N08904 0.020

Composition Notes

1 Nitrogen 0.10-0.16%

2 Niobium + Tantalum: 10 x Carbon min, 1.10% max

3 Titanium 0.3-0.6%, Boron 0.004-0.008%

4 Tantalum 0.10% max

5 Nitrogen 0.15-0.40%

6 Niobium + Tantalum: 0.10-0.30%, Nitrogen 0.20-0.40%, Vanadium 0.10-0.30%

7 Nitrogen 0.20-0.40%

8 Nitrogen 0.18-0.22%, Copper 0.50-1.00%

9 Aluminium 0.8-1.5%

10 Nitrogen 0.14-0.20%, Cerium 0.03-0.08%

11 Nitrogen 0.09-0.15%

12 Copper 0.50% max

13 Nitrogen 0.10% max, Copper 0.75% max

14 Nitrogen 0.10-0.20%, Copper 0.75% max

15 Copper 1.5-2.5%

16 Niobium + Tantalum: 0.6-1.0%, Cerium 0.05-0.10%, Aluminium 0.025% max

17 Niobium + Tantalum: 0.1% max, Nitrogen 0.4-0.6%

18 Nitrogen 0.12-0.18%, Cerium 0.03-0.08%

19 Nitrogen 0.45-0.55%, Copper 0.30-0.60%

20 Titanium >5 x Carbon and 0.70% max

21 Titanium >4 x Carbon and 0.6% max

22 Niobium + Tantalum >10 x Carbon and 1.00% max

23 Niobium + Tantalum >8 x Carbon and 1.0% max

24 For welded pipe the nickel range is 10.0-14.0% max

25 Carbon 0.040% max is necessary for pipes where many drawing passes are required, as with

outside diameter <0.5 in (12.7 mm) or nominal wall thickness <0.049 in (1.2 mm) (minimum wall

thickness <0.044 in (1.12 mm))

26 For welded pipe, Phosphorus 0.045% max

27 Niobium + Tantalum: 0.2-0.5%, >15 x Carbon, Nitrogen 0.06-0.10%

28 Nitrogen 0.18-0.25%, Copper 0.75% max

29 Nitrogen 0.10% max, Copper 1.0-2.0%

Note

- Niobium is sometimes referred to as Columbium

2024年1月7日发(作者：竭源)

ASTM A 312/A 312M - 95a

Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes

This specification covers austenitic steel pipe intended for high temperature and general corrosive service. H grades in the chemical

composition table are specifically for high temperature service.

Dimensions and Tolerances

•

Dimensions. All standard pipe sizes and wall thicknesses may be specified, subject to manufacturing limitations. Minimum wall

thickness pipe is also covered as a supplementary requirement.

Tolerances. ASTM pipe

Manufacture

•

Materials. Refer to chemical composition table.

Manufacture. In order to comply with this specification the pipe must be manufactured by an automatic welding process using no

filler metal, or it must be a seamless pipe. If a welded pipe has a nominal pipe size greater than 14 then it may be constructed from

two longitudinal sections, and hence have two longitudinal welds. The pipe may be either hot finished or cold finished.

Heat treatment. Refer to heat treatment table and supplementary requirement S6.

Marking on each length of pipe: Manufacturer’s make or brand, specification number, ‘WR’ if weld repaired, ‘NPS’ and schedule,

‘NH’ if no hydrotesting performed, ‘ET’ if eddy-current tested, ‘UT’ if ultrasonic tested. (NPS = Nominal Pipe Size.)

Finish and Repair

•

Finish. The surface of the pipe must be clean and free of scale and contaminating iron particles. It can be bright annealed but may

be pickled, blasted or can be passivated.

Repair by welding. Permitted on <20% of the weld seam length of welded pipe if >NPS 6 and having a wall thickness >0.200 in

(mm). Tungsten-arc welding process is used for repairs, with filler metal to a grade as specified in A 312 (not repeated here). Weld

repairs must be identified on the pipe and in test certificate.

Mandatory Testing

•

Transverse or Longitudinal Tension Test. One test made on a specimen for lots of less than 100 pipes. Two tests made for

greater lots.

Flattening Test. 5% of pipe will be treated and at least 2 pipes from heat treated lot. For welded pipe, transverse guided face bend

test may be conducted in place of flattening test.

Grain Size Examination. The following grades will be subjected to grain size determinations, with 5% of the pipe being examined:

TP309H, TP309HCb, TP310H, TP310HCb – grain size No 6 or coarser, UNS S32615 - grain size No 3 or finer.

Hydrostatic Test. Each pipe will be tested unless the pipe exceeds NPS 10 and the purchaser has agreed, or has agreed to

alternative Nondestructive testing.

Nondestructive Examination. All processing must be completed before testing. Either Ultrasonic (Practice E 213) or Eddy Current

(Practice E 426) testing may be used, or both. The operator must be qualified. A reference standard must be employed to regularly

calibrate the testing equipment. Guidance regarding the reference standards, detailed in A 312, is not included in this summary.

Ordering Information

Item

Specification number

Size

Quantity

Name of material

Process

Grade

End finish

Test report

Notes

ASTM A 312/A 312M-95a

Nominal pipe size or outside diameter. Schedule or average wall

thickness.

Random or specified lengths. Total length or number of lengths.

Austenitic stainless steel pipe

Seamless or welded

Selected from chemical composition table

Plain ends with all burrs removed is ASTM requirement. Bevelled, or

other end finishes can be specified.

DIN 50049.3.1.B standard, or DIN 50049.3.1.C optional (3rd party

witness test) at extra cost

Refer to optional and supplementary requirements S1 to S8 Options and supplementary requirements

Note -The above table is based on ASTM requirements except with regard to alternative end finishes and test reports, where standard

practice options are added. See also page 10-2 for ISO based ordering and general delivery information.

Optional and Supplementary Requirements

• Chemical analysis of one billet or one length of flat rolled stock from each heat may be performed if required by purchaser.

• Hydrostatic, eddy-current or ultrasonic testing.

• Discontinuities. The type, size, location, orientation, of discontinuities that are of interest during NDT may be specified.

• Hot or cold finishing.

• Passivating treatment may be requested.

• Surface Finish. Bright annealed or other surface finish.

• Pipe Marking. The weight may be requested for pipe >NPS4.

• S1 Product Analysis. NPS 5 and larger one analysis for each ten lengths from each heat of

• steel. NPS smaller than 5 then only 10% need be tested.

• S1 Tranverse Tension Tests. NPS 8 and larger can have one transverse tension test on 10% of lengths per he at of steel.

• S1 Flattening Test. A flattening test will be made on a specimen from one or both ends of each pipe. The number of tests per pipe

needs to be specified.

• S1 Etching Tests. Etching tests show the homogeneity of pipes and are made on a cross section from one or both ends of a pipe.

• S1 Radiographic Examination. The entire length of weld will be examined for any double welded pipe. In addition the pipe will be

marked RT and the test results included in the certification.

• S1 Stabilising Heat Treatment. The solution annealed grades TP309HCb, TP310HCb, TP321, TP321H, TP347, TP347H, TP348

and TP348H will be given a stabilisation heat treatment. Temperature will be as agreed between purchaser and vendor.

• S1 Intergranular Corrosion Test. This test in accordance with Practices A 262 Practice E.

• S1 Minimum Wall Pipe. A minimum wall thickness may be specified, in which case the wall thickness may not be below the

thickness

Tensile Requirements

Tensile Strength min

Grade

All

TP304L

TP304N

UNS

ksi

All

S30403

S30451

S31272

S31603

S31651

S32100

S32109

S21900

S21904

75(701)

MPa

515

485

550

450

485

550

515(4851)

620

ksi

30(251)

MPa

205

170

240

200

170

240

205(1701)

345

Longit %

Trans %

Yield Strength min Elongation in 2 in (50 mm) or 4D min

TP316L

TP316N

TP321

TP321H

TPXM-10

TPXM-11

TPXM-19

TPXM-29

S20910

S24000

S31254

S30615

S30815

S31050

S30600

S31726

S32615

S33228

S24565

S30415

S32654

S35315

N08367

N08904

100

84(782)

115

109

100(953)

690

650

620

600

580(5402)

540

550

500

795

600

750

650

690(6553)

490

39(372)

45(453)

380

300

275

310

270(2552)

240

220

185

415

290

430

270

310(3103)

215

Notes

- All = All grades listed in the chemical composition table other than those itemised in this table.

1 Values for wall thickness >3/8 in (9.5 mm)

2 Values for wall thickness >1/4 in (6.35 mm)

3 Values for wall thickness >0.187 in (4.75 mm)

Heat Treatment

Grade

All

TP304H

TP316H

TP321H

TP347H

TP348H

UNS

All

S30409

S31609

S32109

S34709

S34809

S30815

S31272

S31254

S24565

S32654

S35315

N08367

N08904

Temperature °F

1900

1900(1900)

2000(1925)

1920

2100

2050-2140

2100

2010

2025

2000

Temperature °C

1040

1040(1040)

1090(1050)

1050

1150

1121-1170

1150

1100

Treatment

Minimum solution temperature. Quench1

Minimum solution temp for cold (hot) working. Quench1

Minimum solution temperature. Quench

1,2

Minimum solution temperature. Quench

Minimum solution temperature. Quench1

Solution temperature range. Quench1

Minimum solution temperature. Quench1

Notes

- All = All grades listed in the chemical composition table other than those itemised in this table.

1 Quench in water or rapid cool by other means

2 Pipe marking to include heat number and heat-treatment lot number

Chemical Composition

Grade

TP304

TP304H

TP304L

TP304N

TP304LN

TP309Cb

UNS

S30400

S30409

Composition Percentage, max or range

&DUERn 0DQJDQHVe 3KRVSKRUXs 6XOSKXr 6LOLFRn

0.08

0.04-0.10

S30403 0.035

S30451

S30453

S30940

0.08

0.035

2.00

1.5-2.0

2.00

8.0-10.0

2.00

4.0-6.0

11.5-14.5

1.00

2.00

0.80

2.00

1.00

0.040

0.045

0.040

0.045

0.040

0.045

0.030

0.040

0.030

0.040

0.060

0.030

0.040

0.020

0.040

0.045

0.020

0.030

0.015

0.030

0.010

0.030

0.015

0.020

0.030

0.015

0.75

0.3-0.7

0.75

1.00

1.50-2.50

1.00

0.80

3.2-4.0

1.40-2.00

0.4

3.7-4.3

0.75

4.8-6.0

0.30

1LFNHl

&KURPLXm

0ROEGHQXm

0.75

1.0-1.4

2.00-3.00

3.00-4.00

1.50-3.00

6.00-6.50

1.6-2.6

0.20

4.0-5.0

0.3-1.5

Note

8.00-11.0

8.00-13.0

8.00-11.0

12.0-16.0

12.0-15.0

12.0-16.0

12.0-15.0

19.0-22.0

14.0-16.0

11.0-14.0

10.0-15.0

11.0-14.0

11.0-15.0

9.00-13.0

5.50-7.50

17.5-18.5

11.5-13.5

2.25-3.75

17.5-18.5

13.5-16.0

10.0-12.0

20.5-23.5

14.0-15.5

13.5-17.5

19.0-22.0

31.0-33.0

18.0-20.0

22.0-24.0

24.0-26.0

14.0-16.0

16.0-18.0

18.0-20.0

17.0-20.0

19.0-21.5

17.0-19.0

20.5-23.5

17.0-19.0

19.5-20.5

17.0-19.5

20.0-22.0

24.0-26.0

17.0-18.5

18.0-20.0

17.0-20.0

16.5-19.5

26.0-28.0

2 0.08

0.04-TP309H S30909

0.10

0.04-TP309HCb S30941

0.10

TP309S

TP310Cb

S30908

S31040

0.08

0.04-TP310H S31009

0.10

0.04-TP310HCb S31041

0.10

TP310S S31008

S31272

0.080

1,24

TP316

TP316H

TP316L

TP316N

TP316LN

TP317

TP317L

TP321

TP321H

TP347

TP347H

TP348

TP348H

TPXM-10

TPXM-11

TPXM-15

TPXM-19

TPXM-29

0.08-0.12

S31600 0.08

0.04-S31609

0.10

S31603 0.035

S31651

S31653

S31700

S31703

S32100

S32109

S34700

S34709

S34800

S34809

S21900

S21904

S38100

S20910

S24000

S31254

S30615

0.08

0.035

0.08

0.035

0.08

0.04-0.10

0.08

0.04-0.10

0.08

0.04-0.10

0.08

0.04

0.08

0.060

0.080

0.020

4, 22

4, 23

13,26

14,26

0.16-0.24

0.05-S30815

0.10

S31050

S30600

S31725

S31726

S32615

S33228

0.025

0.018

0.03

0.07

0.04-0.08

TP347LN

S24565

S30415

S32654

S34751

0.03

0.04-0.06

0.020

5.0-7.0

0.80

2.00-4.00

2.00

0.030

0.045

0.030

0.040

0045

0.040

0.045

0.010

0.030

0.005

0.030

0.035

1.00

1.00-2.00

0.50

0.75

1.00

16.0-18.0

9.0-10.0

21.0-23.0

9.00-13.0

34.0-36.0

23.50-25.50

23.0-28.0

23.0-25.0

18.0-19.0

24.0-25.0

17.0-20.0

24.0-26.0

20.0-22.0

19.0-23.0

4.0-5.0

7.0-8.0

6.00-7.00

4.0-5.0

0.005-0.020

0.04-S35315

0.08

N08367 0.030

N08904 0.020

Composition Notes

1 Nitrogen 0.10-0.16%

2 Niobium + Tantalum: 10 x Carbon min, 1.10% max

3 Titanium 0.3-0.6%, Boron 0.004-0.008%

4 Tantalum 0.10% max

5 Nitrogen 0.15-0.40%

6 Niobium + Tantalum: 0.10-0.30%, Nitrogen 0.20-0.40%, Vanadium 0.10-0.30%

7 Nitrogen 0.20-0.40%

8 Nitrogen 0.18-0.22%, Copper 0.50-1.00%

9 Aluminium 0.8-1.5%

10 Nitrogen 0.14-0.20%, Cerium 0.03-0.08%

11 Nitrogen 0.09-0.15%

12 Copper 0.50% max

13 Nitrogen 0.10% max, Copper 0.75% max

14 Nitrogen 0.10-0.20%, Copper 0.75% max

15 Copper 1.5-2.5%

16 Niobium + Tantalum: 0.6-1.0%, Cerium 0.05-0.10%, Aluminium 0.025% max

17 Niobium + Tantalum: 0.1% max, Nitrogen 0.4-0.6%

18 Nitrogen 0.12-0.18%, Cerium 0.03-0.08%

19 Nitrogen 0.45-0.55%, Copper 0.30-0.60%

20 Titanium >5 x Carbon and 0.70% max

21 Titanium >4 x Carbon and 0.6% max

22 Niobium + Tantalum >10 x Carbon and 1.00% max

23 Niobium + Tantalum >8 x Carbon and 1.0% max

24 For welded pipe the nickel range is 10.0-14.0% max

25 Carbon 0.040% max is necessary for pipes where many drawing passes are required, as with

outside diameter <0.5 in (12.7 mm) or nominal wall thickness <0.049 in (1.2 mm) (minimum wall

thickness <0.044 in (1.12 mm))

26 For welded pipe, Phosphorus 0.045% max

27 Niobium + Tantalum: 0.2-0.5%, >15 x Carbon, Nitrogen 0.06-0.10%

28 Nitrogen 0.18-0.25%, Copper 0.75% max

29 Nitrogen 0.10% max, Copper 1.0-2.0%

Note

- Niobium is sometimes referred to as Columbium

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