2024年3月7日发(作者：焦蕴涵)
Chemical data sheets available in many countries now contain codes for certain "risk phrases",
shown as R23, R45 etc. These risk phrase codes have the following meanings:
R1
Explosive when dry. 干燥时易爆。
R2
Risk of explosion by shock, friction, fire or other source of ignition. 受冲击、磨擦、着火或者其 他引燃源有爆炸危（wei）险。
R3
Extreme risk of explosion by shock, friction, fire or other sources of ignition.
受冲击、磨擦、着火或者其他引燃源有极高爆炸危（wei）险。
R4
Forms very sensitive explosive metallic compounds. 生成极敏感的爆炸性金属化合物。
R5
Heating may cause an explosion. 受热可能引起爆炸。
R6
Explosive with or without contact with air.极容易爆炸。
R7
May cause fire. 可能引起火灾。
R8
Contact with combustible material may cause fire. 与可燃物料接触可能引起火灾。
R9
Explosive when mixed with combustible material. 与可燃物料混合有爆炸性。
R10
Flammable. 易燃。
R11
Highly flammable. 高度易燃。
R12
Extremely flammable. 极度易燃。
R13
Extremely flammable liquefied gas 极度易燃的液化气体。
R14
Reacts violently with water. 遇水反应剧烈。
R15
Contact with water liberates extremely flammable gases. 遇水释放极易燃烧的气体。
R16
Explosive when mixed with oxidizing substances. 与氧化性物质混合有爆炸性。
R17
Spontaneously flammable in air. 在空气中可自燃。
R18
In use, may form inflammable/explosive vapour-air mixture. 使用时可能产生易燃易爆的蒸
汽-空气混合物。
R19
May form explosive peroxides. 可能生成爆炸性过氧化物。
R20
Harmful by inhalation. 吸入有害。
R21
Harmful in contact with skin. 与皮肤接触有害。
R22
Harmful if swallowed. 吞食有害。
R23
Toxic by inhalation. 吸入有毒。
R24
Toxic in contact with skin. 与皮肤接触有毒。
R25
Toxic if swallowed. 吞食有毒。
R26
Very toxic by inhalation. 吸入有极高毒性。
R27
Very toxic in contact with skin. 与皮肤接触有极高毒性。
R28
Very toxic if swallowed. 吞食有极高毒性。
R29
Contact with water liberates toxic gas. 遇水释放有毒气体。
R30
Can become highly flammable in use. 使用中高度易燃。
R31
Contact with acids liberates toxic gas. 遇酸释放有毒气体。
R32
Contact with acid liberates very toxic gas. 与酸接触释放极高毒性气体。
R33
Danger of cumulative effects. 有积累效应的危（wei）险品。
R34
Causes burns. 引起灼伤。
R35
Causes severe burns. 引起严重灼伤。
R36
Irritating to eyes. 刺激眼睛。
R37
Irritating to respiratory system. 刺激呼吸系统。
R38
Irritating to skin. 刺激皮肤。
R39
Danger of very serious irreversible effects. 有极严重的不可逆后果的危（wei）险品。
R40
Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect. 少数报导有致癌后果。
R41
Risk of serious damage to the eyes. 对眼睛有严重伤害。
R42
May cause sensitization by inhalation. 吸入可能致敏。
R43
May cause sensitization by skin contact. 与皮肤接触可能致敏。
R44
Risk of explosion if heated under confinement. 密闭加热有爆炸危（wei）险。
R45
May cause cancer. 可能致癌。
R46
May cause heritable genetic damage. 可能引起遗传性基因伤害。
R47
May cause birth defects 可能引起胎儿缺陷。
R48
Danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure. 长期接触严重危害健康。
R49
May cause cancer by inhalation. 吸入可能致癌。
R50
Very toxic to aquatic organisms. 对水生生物有极高毒性。
R51
Toxic to aquatic organisms. 对水生生物有毒。
R52
Harmful to aquatic organisms. 对水生生物有害。
R53
May cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. 可能对水体环境产生长期不
良影响。
R54
Toxic to flora. 对植物有毒。
R55
Toxic to fauna. 对动物有毒。
R56
Toxic to soil organisms. 对土壤生物有毒。
R57
Toxic to bees. 对蜂类有毒。
R58
May cause long-term adverse effects in the environment. 可能对环境产生长期不良影响。
R59
Dangerous to the ozone layer. 对臭氧层有危害。
R60
May impair fertility. 可能伤害生育能力。
R61
May cause harm to the unborn child. 可能对胎儿造成伤害。
R62
Risk of impaired fertility. 有伤害生育能力的危（wei）险。
R63
Possible risk of harm to the unborn child. 可能有对胎儿造成伤害的危（wei）险。
R64
May cause harm to breastfed babies. 可能对哺乳期婴儿造成伤害。
R65
Harmful: may cause lung damage if swallowed. 吞食可能造成肺部损伤。
R66
Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or cracking. 长期接触可能引起皮肤干裂。
R67
Vapours may cause drowsiness and dizziness. 蒸汽可能引起困倦和眩晕。
R68
Possible risk of irreversible effects. 可能有不可逆后果的危（wei）险。
R20/21:
Harmful by inhalation and in contact with skin. 吸入及皮肤接触有害。
R20/21/22:
Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. 吸入、皮肤接触及吞食有害。
R20/22:
Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed. 吸入及吞食有害。
R21/22:
Harmful in contact with skin and if swallowed. 皮肤接触及吞食有害。
R23/24/25:
Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. 吸入、皮肤接触及吞食有毒。
R23/25:
Toxic by inhalation and if swallowed. 吸入及吞食有毒。
R26/27/28:
Very toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. 吸入、皮肤接触及吞食有极高
毒性。
R26/28:
Very toxic by inhalation and if swallowed. 吸入及吞食有极高毒性。
R36/37:
Irritating to eyes and respiratory system. 刺激眼睛和呼吸系统。
R36/37/38:
Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. 刺激眼睛、呼吸系统和皮肤。
R36/38:
Irritating to eyes and skin. 刺激眼睛和皮肤。
R37/38:
Irritating to respiratory system and skin. 刺激呼吸系统和皮肤。
R42/43:
May cause sensitization by inhalation and skin contact. 吸入及皮肤接触可能致敏。
R48/22:
Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure if swallowed. 吞食长期接
触严重危害健康。
R50/53:
Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic
environment.
对水生生物有极高毒性，可能对水体环境产生长期不良影响。
R51/53:
Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.
对水生生物有毒，可能对水体环境产生长期不良影响。
R52/53:
Harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.
对水生生物有害，可能对水体环境产生长期不良影响。
Safety Description
EC Safety phrases are extensively used in the world, in data sheets of chemicals. The codes
have the following meanings:
S1
Keep locked up. 上锁保存。
S2
Keep out of the reach of children. 避免儿童触及。
S3
Keep in a cool place. 保存在阴凉处。
S4
Keep away from living quarters. 远离生活区。
S5
Keep contents under ... (there follows the name of a liquid). 内容物需保存在 (某种液体) 下
面
S6
Keep under ... (there follows the name of an inert gas). 需保存在 (某种惰性液体) 下面
S7
Keep container tightly closed. 保持容器密封。
S8
Keep container dry. 保持容器干燥。
S9
Keep container in a well-ventilated place. 保持容器置于良好通风处。
S12
Do not keep the container sealed. 勿将容器密封。
S13
Keep away from food, drink and animal foodstuffs. 远离食品、饮料和动物饲料保存。
S14
Keep away from ... (a list of incompatible materials will follow). 远离(不相容物质)保存
S15
Keep away from heat. 远离热源。
S16
Keep away from sources of ignition. 远离火源。
S17
Keep away from combustible material. 远离可燃性物质。
S18
Handle and open container with care. 小心处理及开启容器。
S20
When using, do not eat or drink. 使用时不得进食、饮水。
S21
When using do not smoke. 使用时禁止吸烟。
S22
Do not breathe dust. 切勿吸入粉尘。
S23
Do not breathe vapour. 切勿吸入蒸汽。
S24
Avoid contact with skin. 避免皮肤接触。
S25
Avoid contact with eyes. 避免眼睛接触。
S26
In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
不慎与眼睛接触后，请即将用大量清水冲洗并征求医生意见。
S27
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. 一旦衣物受到污染，请即将脱去。
S28
After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of soap-suds. 不慎与皮肤接触后， 即将
用大量肥皂水冲洗。
S29
Do not empty into drains. 切勿倒入下水道。
S30
Never add water to this product. 切勿将水加入该产品中。
S33
Take precautionary measures against static discharges. 采取措施，预防静电发生。
S35
This material and its container must be disposed of in a safe way. 请小心处理该物质及其容
器。
S36
Wear suitable protective clothing. 穿戴适当的防护服。
S37
Wear suitable gloves. 戴适当手套。
S38
In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment. 通风不良时， 须佩戴适
当的呼吸器。
S39
Wear eye / face protection. 戴护目镜或者面具。
S40
To clean the floor and all objects contaminated by this material, use .... (there follows suitable
cleaning material).
使用 … 适(当的清洁物质)清理被污染的地面及其它所有物品。
S41
In case of fire and / or explosion do not breathe fumes. 一旦发生火灾或者爆炸， 切勿吸入烟雾。
S42
During fumigation / spraying wear suitable respiratory equipment. 熏蒸/喷洒时，须佩戴适当
的呼吸器。
S43
In case of fire use ... (there follows the type of fire-fighting equipment to be used.)
一旦起火，用 (灭火设备类型的)灭火。
S45
In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label
whenever possible.)
若发生事故或者感不适，即将就医(可能的话，出示其标签)。
S46
If swallowed, seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label.
若不慎吞食，即将求医并出示其容器或者标签。
S47
Keep at temperature 保持温度不超过…
S48
To be kept wet with (there follows a material name). 用 (某种物质))保湿。
S49
Keep only in the original container. 只能由原容器保存。
S50
Do not mix with ... 切勿与…混合。
S51
Use only in well ventilated areas. 仅在通风良好的场所使用。
S52
Not recommended for interior use on large surface areas. 不宜在表面积大的区域内部使用。
S53
Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use. 避免接触， 使用前须获得特殊指示说
明。
S56
Dispose of this material and its container at hazardous or special waste collection point.
在危（wei）险或者特殊性废料采集点处置该物质及其容器。
S57
Use appropriate container to avoid environmental contamination. 使用适当容器避免环境污
染。
S59
Refer to manufacturer / supplier for information on recovery / recycling. 参考创造商/供货商
提供的回收/再利用信息。
S60
This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste. 该物质及其容器须作
为危（wei）险性废料处置。
S61
Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets.
避免释放至环境中。参考特殊说明/安全数据说明书。
S62
If swallowed, do not induce vomitting; seek medical advice immediately and show this
container or label.
若吞食，切勿催吐；即将求医，并出示其容器或者标签。
S1/2
Keep locked up and out of the reach of children.上锁保存，并避免儿童触及。
S24/25
Avoid contact with skin and eyes.避免与皮肤和眼睛接触。
S36/37
Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves.穿戴适当的防护服和手套。
S36/37/39
Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. 穿戴适当的防护服、手套和
护目镜或者面具。
S37/39
Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection戴适当的手套和护目镜或者面具。
2024年3月7日发(作者：焦蕴涵)
Chemical data sheets available in many countries now contain codes for certain "risk phrases",
shown as R23, R45 etc. These risk phrase codes have the following meanings:
R1
Explosive when dry. 干燥时易爆。
R2
Risk of explosion by shock, friction, fire or other source of ignition. 受冲击、磨擦、着火或者其 他引燃源有爆炸危（wei）险。
R3
Extreme risk of explosion by shock, friction, fire or other sources of ignition.
受冲击、磨擦、着火或者其他引燃源有极高爆炸危（wei）险。
R4
Forms very sensitive explosive metallic compounds. 生成极敏感的爆炸性金属化合物。
R5
Heating may cause an explosion. 受热可能引起爆炸。
R6
Explosive with or without contact with air.极容易爆炸。
R7
May cause fire. 可能引起火灾。
R8
Contact with combustible material may cause fire. 与可燃物料接触可能引起火灾。
R9
Explosive when mixed with combustible material. 与可燃物料混合有爆炸性。
R10
Flammable. 易燃。
R11
Highly flammable. 高度易燃。
R12
Extremely flammable. 极度易燃。
R13
Extremely flammable liquefied gas 极度易燃的液化气体。
R14
Reacts violently with water. 遇水反应剧烈。
R15
Contact with water liberates extremely flammable gases. 遇水释放极易燃烧的气体。
R16
Explosive when mixed with oxidizing substances. 与氧化性物质混合有爆炸性。
R17
Spontaneously flammable in air. 在空气中可自燃。
R18
In use, may form inflammable/explosive vapour-air mixture. 使用时可能产生易燃易爆的蒸
汽-空气混合物。
R19
May form explosive peroxides. 可能生成爆炸性过氧化物。
R20
Harmful by inhalation. 吸入有害。
R21
Harmful in contact with skin. 与皮肤接触有害。
R22
Harmful if swallowed. 吞食有害。
R23
Toxic by inhalation. 吸入有毒。
R24
Toxic in contact with skin. 与皮肤接触有毒。
R25
Toxic if swallowed. 吞食有毒。
R26
Very toxic by inhalation. 吸入有极高毒性。
R27
Very toxic in contact with skin. 与皮肤接触有极高毒性。
R28
Very toxic if swallowed. 吞食有极高毒性。
R29
Contact with water liberates toxic gas. 遇水释放有毒气体。
R30
Can become highly flammable in use. 使用中高度易燃。
R31
Contact with acids liberates toxic gas. 遇酸释放有毒气体。
R32
Contact with acid liberates very toxic gas. 与酸接触释放极高毒性气体。
R33
Danger of cumulative effects. 有积累效应的危（wei）险品。
R34
Causes burns. 引起灼伤。
R35
Causes severe burns. 引起严重灼伤。
R36
Irritating to eyes. 刺激眼睛。
R37
Irritating to respiratory system. 刺激呼吸系统。
R38
Irritating to skin. 刺激皮肤。
R39
Danger of very serious irreversible effects. 有极严重的不可逆后果的危（wei）险品。
R40
Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect. 少数报导有致癌后果。
R41
Risk of serious damage to the eyes. 对眼睛有严重伤害。
R42
May cause sensitization by inhalation. 吸入可能致敏。
R43
May cause sensitization by skin contact. 与皮肤接触可能致敏。
R44
Risk of explosion if heated under confinement. 密闭加热有爆炸危（wei）险。
R45
May cause cancer. 可能致癌。
R46
May cause heritable genetic damage. 可能引起遗传性基因伤害。
R47
May cause birth defects 可能引起胎儿缺陷。
R48
Danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure. 长期接触严重危害健康。
R49
May cause cancer by inhalation. 吸入可能致癌。
R50
Very toxic to aquatic organisms. 对水生生物有极高毒性。
R51
Toxic to aquatic organisms. 对水生生物有毒。
R52
Harmful to aquatic organisms. 对水生生物有害。
R53
May cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. 可能对水体环境产生长期不
良影响。
R54
Toxic to flora. 对植物有毒。
R55
Toxic to fauna. 对动物有毒。
R56
Toxic to soil organisms. 对土壤生物有毒。
R57
Toxic to bees. 对蜂类有毒。
R58
May cause long-term adverse effects in the environment. 可能对环境产生长期不良影响。
R59
Dangerous to the ozone layer. 对臭氧层有危害。
R60
May impair fertility. 可能伤害生育能力。
R61
May cause harm to the unborn child. 可能对胎儿造成伤害。
R62
Risk of impaired fertility. 有伤害生育能力的危（wei）险。
R63
Possible risk of harm to the unborn child. 可能有对胎儿造成伤害的危（wei）险。
R64
May cause harm to breastfed babies. 可能对哺乳期婴儿造成伤害。
R65
Harmful: may cause lung damage if swallowed. 吞食可能造成肺部损伤。
R66
Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or cracking. 长期接触可能引起皮肤干裂。
R67
Vapours may cause drowsiness and dizziness. 蒸汽可能引起困倦和眩晕。
R68
Possible risk of irreversible effects. 可能有不可逆后果的危（wei）险。
R20/21:
Harmful by inhalation and in contact with skin. 吸入及皮肤接触有害。
R20/21/22:
Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. 吸入、皮肤接触及吞食有害。
R20/22:
Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed. 吸入及吞食有害。
R21/22:
Harmful in contact with skin and if swallowed. 皮肤接触及吞食有害。
R23/24/25:
Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. 吸入、皮肤接触及吞食有毒。
R23/25:
Toxic by inhalation and if swallowed. 吸入及吞食有毒。
R26/27/28:
Very toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. 吸入、皮肤接触及吞食有极高
毒性。
R26/28:
Very toxic by inhalation and if swallowed. 吸入及吞食有极高毒性。
R36/37:
Irritating to eyes and respiratory system. 刺激眼睛和呼吸系统。
R36/37/38:
Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. 刺激眼睛、呼吸系统和皮肤。
R36/38:
Irritating to eyes and skin. 刺激眼睛和皮肤。
R37/38:
Irritating to respiratory system and skin. 刺激呼吸系统和皮肤。
R42/43:
May cause sensitization by inhalation and skin contact. 吸入及皮肤接触可能致敏。
R48/22:
Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure if swallowed. 吞食长期接
触严重危害健康。
R50/53:
Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic
environment.
对水生生物有极高毒性，可能对水体环境产生长期不良影响。
R51/53:
Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.
对水生生物有毒，可能对水体环境产生长期不良影响。
R52/53:
Harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.
对水生生物有害，可能对水体环境产生长期不良影响。
Safety Description
EC Safety phrases are extensively used in the world, in data sheets of chemicals. The codes
have the following meanings:
S1
Keep locked up. 上锁保存。
S2
Keep out of the reach of children. 避免儿童触及。
S3
Keep in a cool place. 保存在阴凉处。
S4
Keep away from living quarters. 远离生活区。
S5
Keep contents under ... (there follows the name of a liquid). 内容物需保存在 (某种液体) 下
面
S6
Keep under ... (there follows the name of an inert gas). 需保存在 (某种惰性液体) 下面
S7
Keep container tightly closed. 保持容器密封。
S8
Keep container dry. 保持容器干燥。
S9
Keep container in a well-ventilated place. 保持容器置于良好通风处。
S12
Do not keep the container sealed. 勿将容器密封。
S13
Keep away from food, drink and animal foodstuffs. 远离食品、饮料和动物饲料保存。
S14
Keep away from ... (a list of incompatible materials will follow). 远离(不相容物质)保存
S15
Keep away from heat. 远离热源。
S16
Keep away from sources of ignition. 远离火源。
S17
Keep away from combustible material. 远离可燃性物质。
S18
Handle and open container with care. 小心处理及开启容器。
S20
When using, do not eat or drink. 使用时不得进食、饮水。
S21
When using do not smoke. 使用时禁止吸烟。
S22
Do not breathe dust. 切勿吸入粉尘。
S23
Do not breathe vapour. 切勿吸入蒸汽。
S24
Avoid contact with skin. 避免皮肤接触。
S25
Avoid contact with eyes. 避免眼睛接触。
S26
In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
不慎与眼睛接触后，请即将用大量清水冲洗并征求医生意见。
S27
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. 一旦衣物受到污染，请即将脱去。
S28
After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of soap-suds. 不慎与皮肤接触后， 即将
用大量肥皂水冲洗。
S29
Do not empty into drains. 切勿倒入下水道。
S30
Never add water to this product. 切勿将水加入该产品中。
S33
Take precautionary measures against static discharges. 采取措施，预防静电发生。
S35
This material and its container must be disposed of in a safe way. 请小心处理该物质及其容
器。
S36
Wear suitable protective clothing. 穿戴适当的防护服。
S37
Wear suitable gloves. 戴适当手套。
S38
In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment. 通风不良时， 须佩戴适
当的呼吸器。
S39
Wear eye / face protection. 戴护目镜或者面具。
S40
To clean the floor and all objects contaminated by this material, use .... (there follows suitable
cleaning material).
使用 … 适(当的清洁物质)清理被污染的地面及其它所有物品。
S41
In case of fire and / or explosion do not breathe fumes. 一旦发生火灾或者爆炸， 切勿吸入烟雾。
S42
During fumigation / spraying wear suitable respiratory equipment. 熏蒸/喷洒时，须佩戴适当
的呼吸器。
S43
In case of fire use ... (there follows the type of fire-fighting equipment to be used.)
一旦起火，用 (灭火设备类型的)灭火。
S45
In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label
whenever possible.)
若发生事故或者感不适，即将就医(可能的话，出示其标签)。
S46
If swallowed, seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label.
若不慎吞食，即将求医并出示其容器或者标签。
S47
Keep at temperature 保持温度不超过…
S48
To be kept wet with (there follows a material name). 用 (某种物质))保湿。
S49
Keep only in the original container. 只能由原容器保存。
S50
Do not mix with ... 切勿与…混合。
S51
Use only in well ventilated areas. 仅在通风良好的场所使用。
S52
Not recommended for interior use on large surface areas. 不宜在表面积大的区域内部使用。
S53
Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use. 避免接触， 使用前须获得特殊指示说
明。
S56
Dispose of this material and its container at hazardous or special waste collection point.
在危（wei）险或者特殊性废料采集点处置该物质及其容器。
S57
Use appropriate container to avoid environmental contamination. 使用适当容器避免环境污
染。
S59
Refer to manufacturer / supplier for information on recovery / recycling. 参考创造商/供货商
提供的回收/再利用信息。
S60
This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste. 该物质及其容器须作
为危（wei）险性废料处置。
S61
Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets.
避免释放至环境中。参考特殊说明/安全数据说明书。
S62
If swallowed, do not induce vomitting; seek medical advice immediately and show this
container or label.
若吞食，切勿催吐；即将求医，并出示其容器或者标签。
S1/2
Keep locked up and out of the reach of children.上锁保存，并避免儿童触及。
S24/25
Avoid contact with skin and eyes.避免与皮肤和眼睛接触。
S36/37
Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves.穿戴适当的防护服和手套。
S36/37/39
Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. 穿戴适当的防护服、手套和
护目镜或者面具。
S37/39
Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection戴适当的手套和护目镜或者面具。