2024年4月1日发(作者：尹婷秀)
老烟台
STORY OF YANTAI
妈祖，
烟台人的
“海神娘娘”
Mazu, the Sea
Goddess of the
Yantai People
文/王瑶池 图/申吉忠
“海神娘娘”是热播剧《大秧歌》中
的“主角”之一，全剧一开场便是虎头湾
热火朝天地筹备祭拜“海神娘娘”，并要
在“海神娘娘”面前“斗秧歌”，以争抢
全年的出海权。而在中国传统民俗中，在
烟台所处的北方沿海地区，人们祈求海波
平静的对象一直都是龙王，为何“海神娘娘”
会成为烟台人的海洋守护者？
其实，“海神娘娘”即是南方文化中
的妈祖。当年，妈祖是一个真实存在的名
叫林默的美丽女子。林默的故乡在福建莆
田忠门乡港里村，生于宋建隆元年(960年)
庚辰三月二十三日，逝于雍熙四年(987年)
丁亥九月初九日，享年27岁，未婚。其父
林惟悫，是一位负责沿海治安巡逻的小官。
传说虽颇多神奇，但林默的确是一位在历
史上有过贡献的女子，具有心地善良、勤
劳勇敢、智慧超群、好行善事、见义勇为、
舍己救人的高尚品质。史料记载，在一个
天昏地暗的黑夜，她站在崖边听到海上传
来遭遇风暴渔船的呼救声，便毅然点燃了
自家草房，用冲天的火光把在汹涌波涛中
迷失方向的渔船引回岸边，死里逃生的渔
民对她无不感激涕零。在抢救海难中，她
076走向世界 仙境烟台
Copyright©博看网. All Rights Reserved.
在烟台，供奉
妈祖的天后宫也是
烟台的象征之一。
In Yantai the Thean
Hou Temple, where
Mazu is worshipped, is
one of the symbols of
Yantai.
奋不顾身，英勇顽强。她的去世就是在一次狂风
妈祖被康熙皇帝褒封为“护国庇民妙灵昭应仁慈
恶浪中救人遇难，溺海而逝，由于人们对她的崇
天后”。雍正年间，烟台人便集资把供奉妈祖的三
拜，希望这样的济世英雄永远不死，永保海上平
间草屋扩建为初具规模的天后宫。l810年(清道光
安，为民造福，便把她的去世演化成升天成“神”。
三十年)，烟台的商家、船帮、渔户又集资对天后宫
因此，在她去世后的当年，故乡人民便为她立庙
进行了重建。重建后的天后宫，不但使妈祖文化得
祀奉，还选择了一个最亲切的称呼——妈祖，北
到了进一步的弘扬，而且逐步成为烟台的商贸中心
方人则称为“海神娘娘”。
和文化中心。
妈祖虽是一个普通女子，但她鼓舞着郑和船
据记载，l850年，天后宫周围已有商号千余
队的官兵，实现了七下西洋的伟大壮举；庇护着
家，还有面市街、饭市街、菜市街、鱼市街、草
中国海员和华侨远渡重洋，走遍五洲四海；激励
市街、果木市街、鸡鸭市街、竹杆市街等集市街
着满怀爱国主义热情的郑成功将士，渡海登岸从
道。1901年，烟台8大商家发起成立了商会，
荷兰殖民主义者手里收复了台湾。从此台湾家家
会址就设在天后宫南厅。辛亥革命后，天后宫又
户户供奉她，称她为“开台妈”。妈祖庙遍及台
成了金银交易议价市场，每天清晨，各商号均要
湾的每个角落，仅登记在案的就有500余处。台
派人到天后宫取回当日以金银易铜钱，以金银易
湾史籍记载：“台湾人，中国之人也，而又闽粤
银元的标准比价。
之族也”，在海峡两岸和平统一的进程中，妈祖
自从有了天后宫，烟台人的各项文化活动多
显示了巨大的民族凝聚力，被两岸人民共称为“海
在此举行。每逢春节、元宵节、中元节及妈祖诞
峡和平女神”。
辰、逝世纪念日，天后宫内外都要举行丰富多彩
在烟台，供奉妈祖的天后宫也是烟台的象征之
的文化活动。春节期间广场上有来自周边村庄的
一，因为烟台市区是以天后宫为轴心孕育发展起来
抬阁、秧歌、龙灯、狮子、高跷、旱船、杂耍、
的。元、明、清三代，中国漕运发达，芝罘湾是漕
头戏等表演。元宵节期间有灯会，中元节之夜，
运船舶必经之地，妈祖文化随之传人烟台。明初，
在天后宫后海边，要举行放灯船活动，每逢农历
烟台人便在临海处建起三间草屋，开始供奉妈祖，
三月二十三日和九月九日，都要在天后宫戏台上
并依当地习俗称娘娘。l684年(清康熙二十三年)，
演戏酬神。
A
s a matter of fact the Sea Goddess is Mazu in the southern culture. In the old time Mazu was a real beautiful
lady named Mo Lin. Her hometown was Gangli Villiage, Zhongmen Town, Putian, Fujian. She was born on
Mar.23 in the Gengchen Year in the lunar calendar, the first year of the Jianlong Reign in the Song Dynasty (960)
and deceased on Sept.09 in the Dinghai Year of the lunar calendar year, the fourth year of the Yongxi Reign(987) at
the age of 27, unmarried. Her father, Weique Lin, was a low-ranked official in charge of the seaside public security
patrol. Although the legend was too magical, Mo Lin was indeed a lady who made historical contribution with a
kind heart, diligence, bravery, outstanding wisdom, benevolence to do good deeds and noble qualities to act bravely
for just causes and make sacrifices to save others. According to historical records, on a dark night, she stood at the
edge of a cliff and heard the cries for help from a fishing boat caught in the storm. She set fire to her own thatch
cottage and the light of the fire led the lost fishing boat back to the bank from the surging waves. The fishermen who
were saved from death were all more than grateful to her. During the rescue of the sea disaster, she was drowned
in the sea. Because people worshipped her and hoped such a heroine who saved the world would never die but
safeguard the security in the sea and bless the people, they interpreted her death as an elevation to the heaven to
become a “goddess.” In the year of her death, the people in her hometown built a temple to worship her and chose
a cordial name—Mazu while the northern people called her Sea Goddess. Ever since the founding of the Thean
Hou Temple, various cultural activities of the Yantai people have mostly been held here. In the Spring Festival, the
Lantern Festival, the Zhongyuan Festival(Hungry Ghost Festival), her birthday and the anniversary of her death,
colorful cultural activities are held in and out of the Thean Hou Temple. During the Spring Festival people from
neighboring villages would perform Taige, Yangko dance, dragon lamp, lion, stilt dance, land boat, acrobatics and
Touxi in the square. In the Lantern Festival a lantern show is held and on the night of the Zhongyuan Festival, light
ships are put in the seaside behind the Thean Hou Temple. On Mar.23 and Sept.9 of the lunar calendar, plays are put
on in honor of the goddess on the stage of the Thean Hou Temple.
Copyright©博看网. All Rights Reserved.
2016.01077
2024年4月1日发(作者：尹婷秀)
老烟台
STORY OF YANTAI
妈祖，
烟台人的
“海神娘娘”
Mazu, the Sea
Goddess of the
Yantai People
文/王瑶池 图/申吉忠
“海神娘娘”是热播剧《大秧歌》中
的“主角”之一，全剧一开场便是虎头湾
热火朝天地筹备祭拜“海神娘娘”，并要
在“海神娘娘”面前“斗秧歌”，以争抢
全年的出海权。而在中国传统民俗中，在
烟台所处的北方沿海地区，人们祈求海波
平静的对象一直都是龙王，为何“海神娘娘”
会成为烟台人的海洋守护者？
其实，“海神娘娘”即是南方文化中
的妈祖。当年，妈祖是一个真实存在的名
叫林默的美丽女子。林默的故乡在福建莆
田忠门乡港里村，生于宋建隆元年(960年)
庚辰三月二十三日，逝于雍熙四年(987年)
丁亥九月初九日，享年27岁，未婚。其父
林惟悫，是一位负责沿海治安巡逻的小官。
传说虽颇多神奇，但林默的确是一位在历
史上有过贡献的女子，具有心地善良、勤
劳勇敢、智慧超群、好行善事、见义勇为、
舍己救人的高尚品质。史料记载，在一个
天昏地暗的黑夜，她站在崖边听到海上传
来遭遇风暴渔船的呼救声，便毅然点燃了
自家草房，用冲天的火光把在汹涌波涛中
迷失方向的渔船引回岸边，死里逃生的渔
民对她无不感激涕零。在抢救海难中，她
076走向世界 仙境烟台
Copyright©博看网. All Rights Reserved.
在烟台，供奉
妈祖的天后宫也是
烟台的象征之一。
In Yantai the Thean
Hou Temple, where
Mazu is worshipped, is
one of the symbols of
Yantai.
奋不顾身，英勇顽强。她的去世就是在一次狂风
妈祖被康熙皇帝褒封为“护国庇民妙灵昭应仁慈
恶浪中救人遇难，溺海而逝，由于人们对她的崇
天后”。雍正年间，烟台人便集资把供奉妈祖的三
拜，希望这样的济世英雄永远不死，永保海上平
间草屋扩建为初具规模的天后宫。l810年(清道光
安，为民造福，便把她的去世演化成升天成“神”。
三十年)，烟台的商家、船帮、渔户又集资对天后宫
因此，在她去世后的当年，故乡人民便为她立庙
进行了重建。重建后的天后宫，不但使妈祖文化得
祀奉，还选择了一个最亲切的称呼——妈祖，北
到了进一步的弘扬，而且逐步成为烟台的商贸中心
方人则称为“海神娘娘”。
和文化中心。
妈祖虽是一个普通女子，但她鼓舞着郑和船
据记载，l850年，天后宫周围已有商号千余
队的官兵，实现了七下西洋的伟大壮举；庇护着
家，还有面市街、饭市街、菜市街、鱼市街、草
中国海员和华侨远渡重洋，走遍五洲四海；激励
市街、果木市街、鸡鸭市街、竹杆市街等集市街
着满怀爱国主义热情的郑成功将士，渡海登岸从
道。1901年，烟台8大商家发起成立了商会，
荷兰殖民主义者手里收复了台湾。从此台湾家家
会址就设在天后宫南厅。辛亥革命后，天后宫又
户户供奉她，称她为“开台妈”。妈祖庙遍及台
成了金银交易议价市场，每天清晨，各商号均要
湾的每个角落，仅登记在案的就有500余处。台
派人到天后宫取回当日以金银易铜钱，以金银易
湾史籍记载：“台湾人，中国之人也，而又闽粤
银元的标准比价。
之族也”，在海峡两岸和平统一的进程中，妈祖
自从有了天后宫，烟台人的各项文化活动多
显示了巨大的民族凝聚力，被两岸人民共称为“海
在此举行。每逢春节、元宵节、中元节及妈祖诞
峡和平女神”。
辰、逝世纪念日，天后宫内外都要举行丰富多彩
在烟台，供奉妈祖的天后宫也是烟台的象征之
的文化活动。春节期间广场上有来自周边村庄的
一，因为烟台市区是以天后宫为轴心孕育发展起来
抬阁、秧歌、龙灯、狮子、高跷、旱船、杂耍、
的。元、明、清三代，中国漕运发达，芝罘湾是漕
头戏等表演。元宵节期间有灯会，中元节之夜，
运船舶必经之地，妈祖文化随之传人烟台。明初，
在天后宫后海边，要举行放灯船活动，每逢农历
烟台人便在临海处建起三间草屋，开始供奉妈祖，
三月二十三日和九月九日，都要在天后宫戏台上
并依当地习俗称娘娘。l684年(清康熙二十三年)，
演戏酬神。
A
s a matter of fact the Sea Goddess is Mazu in the southern culture. In the old time Mazu was a real beautiful
lady named Mo Lin. Her hometown was Gangli Villiage, Zhongmen Town, Putian, Fujian. She was born on
Mar.23 in the Gengchen Year in the lunar calendar, the first year of the Jianlong Reign in the Song Dynasty (960)
and deceased on Sept.09 in the Dinghai Year of the lunar calendar year, the fourth year of the Yongxi Reign(987) at
the age of 27, unmarried. Her father, Weique Lin, was a low-ranked official in charge of the seaside public security
patrol. Although the legend was too magical, Mo Lin was indeed a lady who made historical contribution with a
kind heart, diligence, bravery, outstanding wisdom, benevolence to do good deeds and noble qualities to act bravely
for just causes and make sacrifices to save others. According to historical records, on a dark night, she stood at the
edge of a cliff and heard the cries for help from a fishing boat caught in the storm. She set fire to her own thatch
cottage and the light of the fire led the lost fishing boat back to the bank from the surging waves. The fishermen who
were saved from death were all more than grateful to her. During the rescue of the sea disaster, she was drowned
in the sea. Because people worshipped her and hoped such a heroine who saved the world would never die but
safeguard the security in the sea and bless the people, they interpreted her death as an elevation to the heaven to
become a “goddess.” In the year of her death, the people in her hometown built a temple to worship her and chose
a cordial name—Mazu while the northern people called her Sea Goddess. Ever since the founding of the Thean
Hou Temple, various cultural activities of the Yantai people have mostly been held here. In the Spring Festival, the
Lantern Festival, the Zhongyuan Festival(Hungry Ghost Festival), her birthday and the anniversary of her death,
colorful cultural activities are held in and out of the Thean Hou Temple. During the Spring Festival people from
neighboring villages would perform Taige, Yangko dance, dragon lamp, lion, stilt dance, land boat, acrobatics and
Touxi in the square. In the Lantern Festival a lantern show is held and on the night of the Zhongyuan Festival, light
ships are put in the seaside behind the Thean Hou Temple. On Mar.23 and Sept.9 of the lunar calendar, plays are put
on in honor of the goddess on the stage of the Thean Hou Temple.
Copyright©博看网. All Rights Reserved.
2016.01077