2024年4月2日发(作者:衷怀山)
1.3
题略
解:
D
p
=
r
×
g
×
h
1.5
题略
3
已知:
r
=
0.8
g
/
cm
=
800kg/m
3
h
=
D
p
r
×
g
=
(93
-
78)
´
10
1.2
´
9.81
3
=
1274.2m
l
=
200
mm
=
0.2m
h
=
l
sin30
=
0.2
´
0.5
=
0.1m
烟气的真空度为:
p
=×
g
×
h
=
800
´
9.81
´
0.2sin30
=
784.8Pa
r
v
∵
1 mmH
2
O = 9.80665 Pa
∴
1 Pa = 0.10197 mmH
2
O
p
v
=
784.8
Pa
=
80.027mmH
2
O
烟气的绝对压力为:
98.540kPa
p
=
p
b
-
p
v
=
745
´
133.3224
-
784.8
=
98540.388Pa
=
1.10
题略
解:锅内表压力
p
g
=
m
×
g
A
m
=
p
g
×
A
g
=
100
´
10
´
4
´
10
9.81
3
-
6
=
0.04077kg
=
40.77g
:
2.2
填空缺数据(兰色)
过程
1-2
2-3
3-4
4-1
题略
2.9
D
1
= 0.4 m
,
p
1
已知:
即
p
=
kD
,
=150 kPa
,且气球内压力正比于气球直径,
太阳辐射加热后
D
2
= 0.45 m
求:过程中气体对外作功量
解:由
D
1
=0.4 m
,
p
1
=150 kPa
,可求得:
k =375 kPa/m
Q/kJ
1390
0
-1000
0
W/kJ
0
395
0
-5
△
U/kJ
1390
-395
-1000
5
1
dW
=
pdV
=
kD
×
d
(
p
D
3
)
=
p
kD
3
dD
62
33
W
=
ò
D
2
p
2
D
1
kDdD
=
3
p
8
k
(
D
2
-
D
1
)
44
=
2.27kJ
答:过程中气体对外作功量为
2.27 kJ
2.12
题略
解:(
1
)确定空气的初始状态参数
p
=
p
+
p
=
p
+
1
bg
1
b
V
1
=
AH
=
100
´
10
-
4
m
1
g
A
=
102
+
-
2
195
´
9.8
´
10
100
´
10
-
3
-
4
-
3
=
293.1kPa
´
10
´
10
=
10m
3
T
1
=
(273
+
27)
=
300K
(
2
)确定拿去重物后,空气的终了状态参数
由于活塞无摩擦,又能与外界充分换热,因此终了平衡状态时缸内空气的压
力和温度与外界的压力和温度相等。则
p
=
p
+
p
=
p
+
m
2
g
=
102
+
(195
-
100)
´
9.8
´
10
2
bg
2
b
-
4
A
100
´
10
T
2
=
T
1
=
300K
V
2
=
V
1
p
1
p
2
=
10
-
3
-
3
=
195.1kPa
´
293.1
195.1
=
1.5023
´
10
-3
m
3
活塞上升距离
D
H
=
(
V
2
-
V
1
)
A
=
(1.5023
-
1)
´
10
100
´
10
-
4
-
3
=
0.05023m
=
5.023cm
对外做功量
W
=
p
2
D
V
=
195.1
´
10
´
(1.5023
-
1)
´
10
3
-
3
=
97.999J
由闭口系能量方程,
Q
=
△
U+W
,因
T
2
=
T
1
,故△
U
= 0
。所以求得气体与外
界的换热量为
界的换热量为
Q
=
W=
97.999 J
讨论:(
1
)本题活塞上升过程为不可逆过程,其功不能用
W
=
pdV
2
ò
1
计算,
本题是一种特殊情况,即已知外界压力,
本题是一种特殊情况,
即已知外界压力,故可用外界参数计算功
即已知外界压力,
故可用外界参数计算功(多数情况下外
故可用外界参数计算功
(多数情况下外
2
2024年4月2日发(作者:衷怀山)
1.3
题略
解:
D
p
=
r
×
g
×
h
1.5
题略
3
已知:
r
=
0.8
g
/
cm
=
800kg/m
3
h
=
D
p
r
×
g
=
(93
-
78)
´
10
1.2
´
9.81
3
=
1274.2m
l
=
200
mm
=
0.2m
h
=
l
sin30
=
0.2
´
0.5
=
0.1m
烟气的真空度为:
p
=×
g
×
h
=
800
´
9.81
´
0.2sin30
=
784.8Pa
r
v
∵
1 mmH
2
O = 9.80665 Pa
∴
1 Pa = 0.10197 mmH
2
O
p
v
=
784.8
Pa
=
80.027mmH
2
O
烟气的绝对压力为:
98.540kPa
p
=
p
b
-
p
v
=
745
´
133.3224
-
784.8
=
98540.388Pa
=
1.10
题略
解:锅内表压力
p
g
=
m
×
g
A
m
=
p
g
×
A
g
=
100
´
10
´
4
´
10
9.81
3
-
6
=
0.04077kg
=
40.77g
:
2.2
填空缺数据(兰色)
过程
1-2
2-3
3-4
4-1
题略
2.9
D
1
= 0.4 m
,
p
1
已知:
即
p
=
kD
,
=150 kPa
,且气球内压力正比于气球直径,
太阳辐射加热后
D
2
= 0.45 m
求:过程中气体对外作功量
解:由
D
1
=0.4 m
,
p
1
=150 kPa
,可求得:
k =375 kPa/m
Q/kJ
1390
0
-1000
0
W/kJ
0
395
0
-5
△
U/kJ
1390
-395
-1000
5
1
dW
=
pdV
=
kD
×
d
(
p
D
3
)
=
p
kD
3
dD
62
33
W
=
ò
D
2
p
2
D
1
kDdD
=
3
p
8
k
(
D
2
-
D
1
)
44
=
2.27kJ
答:过程中气体对外作功量为
2.27 kJ
2.12
题略
解:(
1
)确定空气的初始状态参数
p
=
p
+
p
=
p
+
1
bg
1
b
V
1
=
AH
=
100
´
10
-
4
m
1
g
A
=
102
+
-
2
195
´
9.8
´
10
100
´
10
-
3
-
4
-
3
=
293.1kPa
´
10
´
10
=
10m
3
T
1
=
(273
+
27)
=
300K
(
2
)确定拿去重物后,空气的终了状态参数
由于活塞无摩擦,又能与外界充分换热,因此终了平衡状态时缸内空气的压
力和温度与外界的压力和温度相等。则
p
=
p
+
p
=
p
+
m
2
g
=
102
+
(195
-
100)
´
9.8
´
10
2
bg
2
b
-
4
A
100
´
10
T
2
=
T
1
=
300K
V
2
=
V
1
p
1
p
2
=
10
-
3
-
3
=
195.1kPa
´
293.1
195.1
=
1.5023
´
10
-3
m
3
活塞上升距离
D
H
=
(
V
2
-
V
1
)
A
=
(1.5023
-
1)
´
10
100
´
10
-
4
-
3
=
0.05023m
=
5.023cm
对外做功量
W
=
p
2
D
V
=
195.1
´
10
´
(1.5023
-
1)
´
10
3
-
3
=
97.999J
由闭口系能量方程,
Q
=
△
U+W
,因
T
2
=
T
1
,故△
U
= 0
。所以求得气体与外
界的换热量为
界的换热量为
Q
=
W=
97.999 J
讨论:(
1
)本题活塞上升过程为不可逆过程,其功不能用
W
=
pdV
2
ò
1
计算,
本题是一种特殊情况,即已知外界压力,
本题是一种特殊情况,
即已知外界压力,故可用外界参数计算功
即已知外界压力,
故可用外界参数计算功(多数情况下外
故可用外界参数计算功
(多数情况下外
2