2024年4月16日发(作者：蔚良翰)
(1)
When an animal helps another animal, it usually gets something valuable in
return. For a long time, many scientists thought that only people could act
generously just because it feels good.
However, a new s 1 in Germany suggests that chimpanzees (an animal like
a large monkey without a tail) also do good things for no real reason. And so do
children who are as young as 18 months of age. Maybe it is because humans and
chimpanzees s 2 an ancestor about 6 million years ago.
People and chimpanzees appear to develop such features without any other
t 3 , says Warneken, a scientist in Germany.
Warneken and his partners worked on adult chimpanzees that live on an island
in the African country of Uganda. They also worked with 18-month-old children in
Germany. The researchers performed three experiments on the adult chimpanzees
and two experiments on the kids. In the first a 4 experiment，a person tried to
reach his arm into a cage to get a stick，but he couldn’t reach it. A chimpanzee
was in the cage，and it could reach the stick if it wanted to.
Thirty-six chimpanzees took part in this experiment one by one, and no
chimpanzee saw what the other chimpanzees had done. Even though the animals
hadn’t m 5 the person before, they usually took the stick and gave it to the
person. What’s more, they did this whether or not the person offered them
bananas as a reward.
In the next experiment, 36 children acted in a s 6 way. They helped the
person reach the stick, whether or not they were offered toys for their help.
Researchers did other experiments on chimpanzees and babies. No rewards
were offered in either experiment. And s 7 , both the chimpanzees and children
went out of their way to help. Still, the new study is different from earlier findings.
Researchers have found that chimpanzees don’t give rewards of food to other
chimpanzees, even if it costs them nothing to be generous.
(2)
Mary Kay is a well-known American businesswoman. Her company, Mary Kay
Cosmetics Inc. , is a very successful company which s 1 cosmetics (化妆品) and
employs people all over the world. She became successful through hard work and
she has a strong belief in herself.
Mary Kay was born in America. Soon after she started school, her father
became ill. Her mother worked 14 hours a day in a restaurant to s 2 the family.
Mary Kay had to do housework, cook, and take care of her father.
After high school, her family couldn't afford to send her to college. So she got
married and started a family. Then she started her sales career. At first, she sold
books. Later, she visited people's homes to sell home care products. Mary Kay was
2024年4月16日发(作者：蔚良翰)
(1)
When an animal helps another animal, it usually gets something valuable in
return. For a long time, many scientists thought that only people could act
generously just because it feels good.
However, a new s 1 in Germany suggests that chimpanzees (an animal like
a large monkey without a tail) also do good things for no real reason. And so do
children who are as young as 18 months of age. Maybe it is because humans and
chimpanzees s 2 an ancestor about 6 million years ago.
People and chimpanzees appear to develop such features without any other
t 3 , says Warneken, a scientist in Germany.
Warneken and his partners worked on adult chimpanzees that live on an island
in the African country of Uganda. They also worked with 18-month-old children in
Germany. The researchers performed three experiments on the adult chimpanzees
and two experiments on the kids. In the first a 4 experiment，a person tried to
reach his arm into a cage to get a stick，but he couldn’t reach it. A chimpanzee
was in the cage，and it could reach the stick if it wanted to.
Thirty-six chimpanzees took part in this experiment one by one, and no
chimpanzee saw what the other chimpanzees had done. Even though the animals
hadn’t m 5 the person before, they usually took the stick and gave it to the
person. What’s more, they did this whether or not the person offered them
bananas as a reward.
In the next experiment, 36 children acted in a s 6 way. They helped the
person reach the stick, whether or not they were offered toys for their help.
Researchers did other experiments on chimpanzees and babies. No rewards
were offered in either experiment. And s 7 , both the chimpanzees and children
went out of their way to help. Still, the new study is different from earlier findings.
Researchers have found that chimpanzees don’t give rewards of food to other
chimpanzees, even if it costs them nothing to be generous.
(2)
Mary Kay is a well-known American businesswoman. Her company, Mary Kay
Cosmetics Inc. , is a very successful company which s 1 cosmetics (化妆品) and
employs people all over the world. She became successful through hard work and
she has a strong belief in herself.
Mary Kay was born in America. Soon after she started school, her father
became ill. Her mother worked 14 hours a day in a restaurant to s 2 the family.
Mary Kay had to do housework, cook, and take care of her father.
After high school, her family couldn't afford to send her to college. So she got
married and started a family. Then she started her sales career. At first, she sold
books. Later, she visited people's homes to sell home care products. Mary Kay was