2024年5月9日发(作者：乙元槐)
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)
无人驾驶飞机
An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), commonly known as a drone, is
an aircraft without a human pilot onboard. Its flight is either controlled
autonomously by computers in the vehicle, or under the remote control of a
navigator, or pilot (in military UAVs called a Combat Systems Officer on UCAVs) on
the ground or in another vehicle.
无人驾驶飞机,俗称无人机,即无需驾驶员在机内驾驶的飞机。其飞行时接受的并不是机
内电脑的自动控制，也不是导航员的远程控制，更不是来自地面或另一飞机上无人作战机
指挥官的控制.
There are a wide variety of drone shapes, sizes, configurations, and
characteristics. Historically, UAVs were simple remotely piloted aircraft, but
autonomous control is increasingly being employed.
无人机种类繁多,在外形、大小、结构和性能上各有千秋。过去无人驾驶飞机只是简单
的远程人工驾驶飞机，而现在越来越多的的无人机都采用了自动控制驾驶。
Their largest use is within military applications. UAVs are also used in a small
but growing number of civil applications, such as firefighting or nonmilitary
security work, such as surveillance of pipelines. UAVs are often preferred for
missions that are too "dull, dirty, or dangerous" for manned aircraft.
1
无人机最广泛地运用于军事领域，在民用领域，如消防事业或管道监控这样的非军事
保障工作中也占有小额比重，并有所增长。对载人飞机来说，那些“无聊、肮脏或危险的”
任务，就可以利用无人机来执行。
History
The earliest attempt at a powered unmanned aerial vehicle was A. M. Low's
"Aerial Target" of 1916. Nikola Tesla described a fleet of unmanned aerial
combat vehicles in 1915. A number of remote-controlled airplane advances
followed, including the Hewitt-Sperry Automatic Airplane, during and
after World War I, including the first scale RPV (Remote Piloted Vehicle),
developed by the film star and model airplane enthusiast Reginald Denny in
1935. More were made in the technology rush during World War II; these were
used both to train antiaircraft gunners and to fly attack missions. Jet
engines were applied after World War II, in such types as the Teledyne
Ryan Firebee I of 1951, while companies like Beechcraft also got in the game
with their Model 1001 for the United States Navy in 1955. Nevertheless, they
were little more than remote-controlled airplanes until the Vietnam Era.
机动无人驾驶飞机最早的开发在1916年 A.M 罗的“空中目标”里。尼古拉·泰斯拉曾于
1915年提出建造无人驾驶作战机队的构想。随之而来的是一系列远程控制飞机的进步，
如休伊特·斯佩里开发的自动化飞机；在一战期间及其结束后， 还有由电影演员、飞机模
型爱好者雷金纳德丹尼于1935年研发的第一架远程人工驾驶飞机。二战期间，科学技术
迅猛的发展使无人机有了更多的进步，无人机不仅用于训练防空炮手，还用于空中攻击训
练。二战结束后，无人机增添了喷气发动机这一配置，这样配置的飞机有泰勒雷恩公司1951
2
2024年5月9日发(作者：乙元槐)
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)
无人驾驶飞机
An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), commonly known as a drone, is
an aircraft without a human pilot onboard. Its flight is either controlled
autonomously by computers in the vehicle, or under the remote control of a
navigator, or pilot (in military UAVs called a Combat Systems Officer on UCAVs) on
the ground or in another vehicle.
无人驾驶飞机,俗称无人机,即无需驾驶员在机内驾驶的飞机。其飞行时接受的并不是机
内电脑的自动控制，也不是导航员的远程控制，更不是来自地面或另一飞机上无人作战机
指挥官的控制.
There are a wide variety of drone shapes, sizes, configurations, and
characteristics. Historically, UAVs were simple remotely piloted aircraft, but
autonomous control is increasingly being employed.
无人机种类繁多,在外形、大小、结构和性能上各有千秋。过去无人驾驶飞机只是简单
的远程人工驾驶飞机，而现在越来越多的的无人机都采用了自动控制驾驶。
Their largest use is within military applications. UAVs are also used in a small
but growing number of civil applications, such as firefighting or nonmilitary
security work, such as surveillance of pipelines. UAVs are often preferred for
missions that are too "dull, dirty, or dangerous" for manned aircraft.
1
无人机最广泛地运用于军事领域，在民用领域，如消防事业或管道监控这样的非军事
保障工作中也占有小额比重，并有所增长。对载人飞机来说，那些“无聊、肮脏或危险的”
任务，就可以利用无人机来执行。
History
The earliest attempt at a powered unmanned aerial vehicle was A. M. Low's
"Aerial Target" of 1916. Nikola Tesla described a fleet of unmanned aerial
combat vehicles in 1915. A number of remote-controlled airplane advances
followed, including the Hewitt-Sperry Automatic Airplane, during and
after World War I, including the first scale RPV (Remote Piloted Vehicle),
developed by the film star and model airplane enthusiast Reginald Denny in
1935. More were made in the technology rush during World War II; these were
used both to train antiaircraft gunners and to fly attack missions. Jet
engines were applied after World War II, in such types as the Teledyne
Ryan Firebee I of 1951, while companies like Beechcraft also got in the game
with their Model 1001 for the United States Navy in 1955. Nevertheless, they
were little more than remote-controlled airplanes until the Vietnam Era.
机动无人驾驶飞机最早的开发在1916年 A.M 罗的“空中目标”里。尼古拉·泰斯拉曾于
1915年提出建造无人驾驶作战机队的构想。随之而来的是一系列远程控制飞机的进步，
如休伊特·斯佩里开发的自动化飞机；在一战期间及其结束后， 还有由电影演员、飞机模
型爱好者雷金纳德丹尼于1935年研发的第一架远程人工驾驶飞机。二战期间，科学技术
迅猛的发展使无人机有了更多的进步，无人机不仅用于训练防空炮手，还用于空中攻击训
练。二战结束后，无人机增添了喷气发动机这一配置，这样配置的飞机有泰勒雷恩公司1951
2