2024年5月27日发(作者:禽颖慧)
世界卫生组织国际癌症研究机构致癌物清单
1类致癌物清单(共120种)
1类致癌物:对人为确定致癌物。
序号
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
英文名称
Acetaldehyde associated with
consumption of alcoholic beverages
Acheson process, occupational
exposure associated with
Acid mists, strong inorganic
Aflatoxins
Alcoholic beverages
Aluminium production
4-Aminobiphenyl
Areca nut
Aristolochic acid
Aristolochic acid, plants containing
Arsenic and inorganic arsenic
compounds
Asbestos (all forms, including
actinolite, amosite, anthophyllite,
chrysotile, crocidolite, tremolite)
Auramine production
Azathioprine
Benzene
Benzidine
Benzidine, dyes metabolized to
Benzo[ a ]pyrene
Beryllium and beryllium compounds
Betel quid with tobacco
Betel quid without tobacco
Bis(chloromethyl)ether; chloromethyl
methyl ether (technical-grade)
Busulfan
1,3-Butadiene
Cadmium and cadmium compounds
Chlorambucil
Chlornaphazine
Chromium (VI) compounds
Clonorchis sinensis (infection with)
Coal gasification
Coal, indoor emissions from
household combustion of
Coal-tar distillation
Coal-tar pitch
Coke production
Cyclophosphamide
Cyclosporine
1,2-Dichloropropane
Diethylstilbestrol
中文名称
与酒精饮料摄入有关的乙醛
与职业暴露有关的艾其逊法(用
电弧炉制碳化矽)
强无机酸雾
黄曲霉毒素
含酒精饮料
铝生产
4-氨基联苯
槟榔果
马兜铃酸
含马兜铃酸的植物
砷和无机砷化合物
石棉(各种形式,包括阳起石、
铁石绵、直闪石、温石棉、青石
棉、透闪石)
金胺生产
硫唑嘌呤
苯
联苯胺
染料代谢产生的联苯胺
苯并[a]芘
铍和铍化合物
含烟草的槟榔嚼块
不含烟草的槟榔嚼块
双(氯甲基)醚;氯甲基甲基醚
(工业级)
白消安
1,3-丁二烯
镉及镉化合物
苯丁酸氮芥
萘氮芥
铬(6价)化合物
华支睾吸虫(感染)
煤炭气化
家庭烧煤室内排放
煤焦油蒸馏
煤焦油沥青
焦炭生产
环磷酰胺
环孢菌素
1,2-二氯丙烷
己烯雌酚
时间(年)
2012
2017
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
In prep.
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2017
2012
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
Engine exhaust, diesel
Epstein-Barr virus
Erionite
Estrogen therapy, postmenopausal
Estrogen-progestogen menopausal
therapy (combined)
Estrogen-progestogen oral
contraceptives (combined)
Ethanol in alcoholic beverages
Ethylene oxide
Etoposide
Etoposide in combination with
cisplatin and bleomycin
Fission products, including strontium-
90
Fluoro-edenite fibrous amphibole
Formaldehyde
Haematite mining (underground)
Helicobacter pylori(infection with)
Hepatitis B virus (chronic infection
with)
Hepatitis C virus (chronic infection
with)
Human immunodeficiency virus type
1 (infection with)
Human papillomavirus types 16, 18,
31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type
I
Ionizing radiation (all types)
Iron and steel founding (occupational
exposure during)
Isopropyl alcohol manufacture using
strong acids
Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus
Leather dust
Lindane (see also
Hexachlorocyclohexanes)
Magenta production
Melphalan
Methoxsalen (8-methoxypsoralen)
plus ultraviolet A radiation
4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline)
(MOCA)
Mineral oils, untreated or mildly
treated
MOPP and other combined
chemotherapy including alkylating
agents
2-Naphthylamine
Neutron radiation
Nickel compounds
N'-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-
(N-Nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-
pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)
柴油发动机排气
爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒
毛沸石
绝经后雌激素治疗
雌激素-孕激素更年期治疗(合
用)
雌激素-孕激素口服避孕药(合
用)
含酒精饮料中的乙醇
环氧乙烷
依托泊苷
依托泊苷与顺铂和博来霉素合用
裂变产物,包括锶- 90
氟代-浅闪石纤维状角闪石
甲醛
赤铁矿开采(地下)
幽门螺杆菌(感染)
乙型肝炎病毒(慢性感染)
丙型肝炎病毒(慢性感染)
人免疫缺陷病毒I型(感染)
人乳头瘤病毒16,18,31,33,
35,39,45,51,52,56,58,
人嗜T淋巴细胞病毒I型
电离辐射(所有类型)
钢铁铸造(职业暴露)
使用强酸生产异丙醇
卡波氏肉瘤疱疹病毒
皮革粉末
林丹(参见六氯环己烷)
品红生产
美法仑
花椒毒素(8-甲氧基补骨脂素)伴
紫外线A辐射
4,4'-亚甲基二(2-氯苯胺)
(MOCA)
未经处理或轻度处理矿物油
MOPP(氮芥、长春新碱、甲基苄
肼、强的松)及其他含烷化剂的
联合化疗
2-萘胺
中子辐射
镍化合物
N'-亚硝基降烟碱(NNN)和
4-(N-甲基亚硝胺基)-1-(3-吡
啶基)-1-丁酮(NNK)
2014
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2017
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
In prep.
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2016
2016
Opisthorchis viverrini(infection with)
麝后睾吸虫(感染)
Outdoor air pollution室外空气污染
Outdoor air pollution, particulate
含颗粒物的室外空气污染
matter in
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
Painter (occupational exposure as a)
3,4,5,3’,4’-Pentachlorobiphenyl
(PCB-126)
2,3,4,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzofuran
Pentachlorophenol (see also
Polychlorophenols)
Phenacetin
Phenacetin, analgesic mixtures
containing
Phosphorus-32, as phosphate
Plutonium
Polychlorinated biphenyls
Polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxin-
like, with a Toxicity Equivalency
Factor (TEF) according to WHO
(PCBs 77, 81, 105, 114, 118, 123,
126, 156, 157, 167, 169, 189)
Processed meat (consumption of)
Radioiodines, including iodine-131
Radionuclides, alpha-particle-
emitting, internally deposited
Radionuclides, beta-particle-emitting,
internally deposited
Radium-224 and its decay products
Radium-226 and its decay products
Radium-228 and its decay products
Radon-222 and its decay products
Rubber manufacturing industry
Salted fish, Chinese-style
Schistosoma haematobium (infection
with)
Semustine [1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-(4-
methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea,
Methyl-CCNU]
Shale oils
Silica dust, crystalline, in the form of
quartz or cristobalite
Solar radiation
Soot (as found in occupational
exposure of chimney sweeps)
Sulfur mustard
Tamoxifen
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-para-
dioxin
Thiotepa
Thorium-232 and its decay products
Tobacco smoke, second-hand
Tobacco smoking
Tobacco, smokeless
ortho-Toluidine
Treosulfan
Trichloroethylene
Ultraviolet-emitting tanning devices
Ultraviolet radiation (wavelengths
100-400 nm, encompassing UVA,
UVB, and UVC)
Vinyl chloride
Welding fumes
画家,油漆工,粉刷工等(职业暴
露)
3,4,5,3',4'-五氯联苯(PCB-126)
2,3,4,7,8-五氯二苯并呋喃
五氯苯酚(参见聚氯苯酚)
非那西汀
含非那西汀的止痛剂混合物
磷-32,磷酸盐形式
钚
多氯联苯
类二恶英多氯联苯,具有WHO毒
性当量因子(TEF)(多氯联苯
77, 81, 105, 114, 118, 123, 126,
156, 157, 167, 169, 189)
加工过的肉类(摄入)
放射性碘,包括碘-131
放射性核素,α粒子放射,内部沉
积
放射性核素,β粒子放射,内部沉
积
镭- 224及其衰变产物
镭- 226及其衰变产物
镭- 228及其衰变产物
氡- 222及其衰变产物
橡胶制造业
中式咸鱼
埃及血吸虫(感染)
司莫司汀[1-(2-氯乙基)-3-(4-
甲基环己基)-1-亚硝基脲,甲基-
环已亚硝脲]
页岩油
石英或方石英形式的晶状硅尘
太阳辐射
煤烟(烟囱清洁工的职业暴
露))
硫芥子气
他莫昔芬
2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并对二恶英
三胺硫磷
钍-232及其衰变产物
二手烟草烟雾
吸烟
无烟烟草
邻-甲苯胺
曲奥舒凡
三氯乙烯
紫外发光日光浴设备
紫外线辐射(波长100-400 nm,
包括UVA、UVB和UVC)
氯乙烯
焊接烟尘
2012
2012
2012
In prep.
2012
2012
2012
2012
2016
2016
In prep.
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2014
2012
In prep.
2012
In prep.
119
120
Wood dust
X- and Gamma-Radiation
木尘
X射线和伽马射线辐射
2012
2012
备注:In prep.表示相关研究结果尚未以电子版或印刷版形式公布。
2024年5月27日发(作者:禽颖慧)
世界卫生组织国际癌症研究机构致癌物清单
1类致癌物清单(共120种)
1类致癌物:对人为确定致癌物。
序号
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
英文名称
Acetaldehyde associated with
consumption of alcoholic beverages
Acheson process, occupational
exposure associated with
Acid mists, strong inorganic
Aflatoxins
Alcoholic beverages
Aluminium production
4-Aminobiphenyl
Areca nut
Aristolochic acid
Aristolochic acid, plants containing
Arsenic and inorganic arsenic
compounds
Asbestos (all forms, including
actinolite, amosite, anthophyllite,
chrysotile, crocidolite, tremolite)
Auramine production
Azathioprine
Benzene
Benzidine
Benzidine, dyes metabolized to
Benzo[ a ]pyrene
Beryllium and beryllium compounds
Betel quid with tobacco
Betel quid without tobacco
Bis(chloromethyl)ether; chloromethyl
methyl ether (technical-grade)
Busulfan
1,3-Butadiene
Cadmium and cadmium compounds
Chlorambucil
Chlornaphazine
Chromium (VI) compounds
Clonorchis sinensis (infection with)
Coal gasification
Coal, indoor emissions from
household combustion of
Coal-tar distillation
Coal-tar pitch
Coke production
Cyclophosphamide
Cyclosporine
1,2-Dichloropropane
Diethylstilbestrol
中文名称
与酒精饮料摄入有关的乙醛
与职业暴露有关的艾其逊法(用
电弧炉制碳化矽)
强无机酸雾
黄曲霉毒素
含酒精饮料
铝生产
4-氨基联苯
槟榔果
马兜铃酸
含马兜铃酸的植物
砷和无机砷化合物
石棉(各种形式,包括阳起石、
铁石绵、直闪石、温石棉、青石
棉、透闪石)
金胺生产
硫唑嘌呤
苯
联苯胺
染料代谢产生的联苯胺
苯并[a]芘
铍和铍化合物
含烟草的槟榔嚼块
不含烟草的槟榔嚼块
双(氯甲基)醚;氯甲基甲基醚
(工业级)
白消安
1,3-丁二烯
镉及镉化合物
苯丁酸氮芥
萘氮芥
铬(6价)化合物
华支睾吸虫(感染)
煤炭气化
家庭烧煤室内排放
煤焦油蒸馏
煤焦油沥青
焦炭生产
环磷酰胺
环孢菌素
1,2-二氯丙烷
己烯雌酚
时间(年)
2012
2017
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
In prep.
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2017
2012
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
Engine exhaust, diesel
Epstein-Barr virus
Erionite
Estrogen therapy, postmenopausal
Estrogen-progestogen menopausal
therapy (combined)
Estrogen-progestogen oral
contraceptives (combined)
Ethanol in alcoholic beverages
Ethylene oxide
Etoposide
Etoposide in combination with
cisplatin and bleomycin
Fission products, including strontium-
90
Fluoro-edenite fibrous amphibole
Formaldehyde
Haematite mining (underground)
Helicobacter pylori(infection with)
Hepatitis B virus (chronic infection
with)
Hepatitis C virus (chronic infection
with)
Human immunodeficiency virus type
1 (infection with)
Human papillomavirus types 16, 18,
31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type
I
Ionizing radiation (all types)
Iron and steel founding (occupational
exposure during)
Isopropyl alcohol manufacture using
strong acids
Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus
Leather dust
Lindane (see also
Hexachlorocyclohexanes)
Magenta production
Melphalan
Methoxsalen (8-methoxypsoralen)
plus ultraviolet A radiation
4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline)
(MOCA)
Mineral oils, untreated or mildly
treated
MOPP and other combined
chemotherapy including alkylating
agents
2-Naphthylamine
Neutron radiation
Nickel compounds
N'-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-
(N-Nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-
pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)
柴油发动机排气
爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒
毛沸石
绝经后雌激素治疗
雌激素-孕激素更年期治疗(合
用)
雌激素-孕激素口服避孕药(合
用)
含酒精饮料中的乙醇
环氧乙烷
依托泊苷
依托泊苷与顺铂和博来霉素合用
裂变产物,包括锶- 90
氟代-浅闪石纤维状角闪石
甲醛
赤铁矿开采(地下)
幽门螺杆菌(感染)
乙型肝炎病毒(慢性感染)
丙型肝炎病毒(慢性感染)
人免疫缺陷病毒I型(感染)
人乳头瘤病毒16,18,31,33,
35,39,45,51,52,56,58,
人嗜T淋巴细胞病毒I型
电离辐射(所有类型)
钢铁铸造(职业暴露)
使用强酸生产异丙醇
卡波氏肉瘤疱疹病毒
皮革粉末
林丹(参见六氯环己烷)
品红生产
美法仑
花椒毒素(8-甲氧基补骨脂素)伴
紫外线A辐射
4,4'-亚甲基二(2-氯苯胺)
(MOCA)
未经处理或轻度处理矿物油
MOPP(氮芥、长春新碱、甲基苄
肼、强的松)及其他含烷化剂的
联合化疗
2-萘胺
中子辐射
镍化合物
N'-亚硝基降烟碱(NNN)和
4-(N-甲基亚硝胺基)-1-(3-吡
啶基)-1-丁酮(NNK)
2014
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2017
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
In prep.
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2016
2016
Opisthorchis viverrini(infection with)
麝后睾吸虫(感染)
Outdoor air pollution室外空气污染
Outdoor air pollution, particulate
含颗粒物的室外空气污染
matter in
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
Painter (occupational exposure as a)
3,4,5,3’,4’-Pentachlorobiphenyl
(PCB-126)
2,3,4,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzofuran
Pentachlorophenol (see also
Polychlorophenols)
Phenacetin
Phenacetin, analgesic mixtures
containing
Phosphorus-32, as phosphate
Plutonium
Polychlorinated biphenyls
Polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxin-
like, with a Toxicity Equivalency
Factor (TEF) according to WHO
(PCBs 77, 81, 105, 114, 118, 123,
126, 156, 157, 167, 169, 189)
Processed meat (consumption of)
Radioiodines, including iodine-131
Radionuclides, alpha-particle-
emitting, internally deposited
Radionuclides, beta-particle-emitting,
internally deposited
Radium-224 and its decay products
Radium-226 and its decay products
Radium-228 and its decay products
Radon-222 and its decay products
Rubber manufacturing industry
Salted fish, Chinese-style
Schistosoma haematobium (infection
with)
Semustine [1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-(4-
methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea,
Methyl-CCNU]
Shale oils
Silica dust, crystalline, in the form of
quartz or cristobalite
Solar radiation
Soot (as found in occupational
exposure of chimney sweeps)
Sulfur mustard
Tamoxifen
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-para-
dioxin
Thiotepa
Thorium-232 and its decay products
Tobacco smoke, second-hand
Tobacco smoking
Tobacco, smokeless
ortho-Toluidine
Treosulfan
Trichloroethylene
Ultraviolet-emitting tanning devices
Ultraviolet radiation (wavelengths
100-400 nm, encompassing UVA,
UVB, and UVC)
Vinyl chloride
Welding fumes
画家,油漆工,粉刷工等(职业暴
露)
3,4,5,3',4'-五氯联苯(PCB-126)
2,3,4,7,8-五氯二苯并呋喃
五氯苯酚(参见聚氯苯酚)
非那西汀
含非那西汀的止痛剂混合物
磷-32,磷酸盐形式
钚
多氯联苯
类二恶英多氯联苯,具有WHO毒
性当量因子(TEF)(多氯联苯
77, 81, 105, 114, 118, 123, 126,
156, 157, 167, 169, 189)
加工过的肉类(摄入)
放射性碘,包括碘-131
放射性核素,α粒子放射,内部沉
积
放射性核素,β粒子放射,内部沉
积
镭- 224及其衰变产物
镭- 226及其衰变产物
镭- 228及其衰变产物
氡- 222及其衰变产物
橡胶制造业
中式咸鱼
埃及血吸虫(感染)
司莫司汀[1-(2-氯乙基)-3-(4-
甲基环己基)-1-亚硝基脲,甲基-
环已亚硝脲]
页岩油
石英或方石英形式的晶状硅尘
太阳辐射
煤烟(烟囱清洁工的职业暴
露))
硫芥子气
他莫昔芬
2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并对二恶英
三胺硫磷
钍-232及其衰变产物
二手烟草烟雾
吸烟
无烟烟草
邻-甲苯胺
曲奥舒凡
三氯乙烯
紫外发光日光浴设备
紫外线辐射(波长100-400 nm,
包括UVA、UVB和UVC)
氯乙烯
焊接烟尘
2012
2012
2012
In prep.
2012
2012
2012
2012
2016
2016
In prep.
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2014
2012
In prep.
2012
In prep.
119
120
Wood dust
X- and Gamma-Radiation
木尘
X射线和伽马射线辐射
2012
2012
备注:In prep.表示相关研究结果尚未以电子版或印刷版形式公布。