2024年8月26日发(作者:偶颖然)
2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
SectionI
Directions:
thebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]
or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
By1830t
roughly20million
大1家
ofthesenationslooked
大2家
thecrisis
oftheoldregimeandIberianColonialism,manyoftheleadersofindependence
大3家
idealsofrepresentativegovernment,careers
trade,the
大6家
大5家
大4家
the
UseofEnglish
totalent,freedomofcommerceand
toprivateproperty,andabeliefintheindividualasthebasisofsociety.
therewasabeliefthatthenewnationsshouldbesovereignandindependentstates,
largeenoughtobeeconomicallyviableandintegratedbya
大7家
setoflaws.
Ontheissueof
大8家
lessagreement
theonlyone
Catholicism
大14家
大10家
大11家
大13家
ofreligionandthepositionofthechurch,
大9家
,therewas
atholicismhadbeenthestatereligionand
bytheSpanishcrown.
大12家
mostleaderssoughttomaintain
theofficialreligionofthenewstates,somesoughttoendthe
大15家
enseoftheChurchbecamearallying
conservativeforces.
Theidealsoftheearlyleadersofindependencewereoftenegalitarian,valuingequalityof
rhadreceivedaidfromHaitiandhad
大16家
inreturntoabolishslavery
1854slaveryhadbeenabolishedeverywhereexceptSpain’s
大17家
camemuch
romisestoendIndiantributeandtaxesonpeopleofmixedorigin
大18家
becausethenewnationsstillneededtherevenuesuchpolicies
大19家
.Egalitariansentimentswereoftentemperedbyfearsthatthemassofthepopulation
-1-
was
大20家
self-ruleanddemocracy.
1.[A]natives
[B]inhabitants
[C]peoples
[D]individuals
2.[A]confusedly
[B]cheerfully
[C]worriedly
[D]hopefully
3.[A]shared
[B]forgot
[C]attained
[D]rejected
4.[A]related
[B]close
[C]open
[D]devoted
5.[A]access
[B]succession
[C]right
[D]return
6.[A]Presumably
[B]Incidentally
[C]Obviously
[D]Generally
7.[A]unique
[B]common
[C]particular
[D]typical
8.[A]freedom
-2-
[B]origin
[C]impact
[D]reform
9.[A]therefore
[B]however
[C]indeed
[D]moreover
10.[A]with
[B]about
[C]among
[D]by
11.[A]allowed
[B]preached
[C]granted
[D]funded
12.[A]Since
[B]If
[C]Unless
[D]While
13.[A]as
[B]for
[C]under
[D]against
14.[A]spread
[B]interference
[C]exclusion
[D]influence
15.[A]support
[B]cry
[C]plea
[D]wish
-3-
16.[A]urged
[B]intended
[C]expected
[D]promised
17.[A]controlling
[B]former
[C]remaining
[D]original
18.[A]slower
[B]faster
[C]easier
[D]tougher
19.[A]created
[B]produced
[C]contributed
[D]preferred
20.[A]puzzledby
[B]hostileto
[C]pessimisticabout
[D]unpreparedfor
SectionII
PartA
Directions:
thequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C],
or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
Ifyouweretoexaminethebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerplayerin2006’sWorldCup
tournament,youwouldmostlikelyfindanoteworthyquirk:elitesoccerplayersaremorelikely
henexamined
theEuropeannationalyouthteamsthatfeedtheWorldCupandprofessionalranks,youwould
findthisstrangephenomenontobeevenmorepronounced.
Whatmightaccountforthisstrangephenomenon?Hereareafewguesses:a)certain
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ReadingComprehension
astrologicalsignsconfersuperiorsoccerskills;b)winter-bornbabiestendtohavehigheroxygen
capacity,whichincreasessoccerstamina;c)soccer-madparentsaremorelikelytoconceive
childreninspringtime,attheannualpeakofsoccermania;
d)noneoftheabove.
AndersEricsson,a58-year-oldpsychologyprofessoratFloridaStateUniversity,sayshe
believesstronglyin“noneoftheabove.”EricssongrewupinSweden,andstudiednuclear
engineeringuntilherealizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifhe
stexperiment,nearly30yearsago,involvedmemory:traininga
persontohearandthenrepeatarandomseriesofnumbers.“Withthefirstsubject,afterabout20
hoursoftraining,hisdigitspanhadrisenfrom7to20,”Ericssonrecalls.“Hekeptimproving,
andafterabout200hoursoftraininghehadrisentoover80numbers.”
Thissuccess,coupledwithlaterresearchshowingthatmemoryitselfisnotgenetically
determined,ledEricssontoconcludethattheactofmemorizingismoreofacognitiveexercise
rwords,whateverinborndifferencestwopeoplemayexhibitintheir
abilitiestomemorize,thosedifferencesareswampedbyhowwelleachperson“encodes”the
bestwaytolearnhowtoencodeinformationmeaningfully,Ericsson
determined,ratepracticeentailsmorethan
,itinvolvessettingspecificgoals,obtainingimmediatefeedback
andconcentratingasmuchontechniqueasonoutcome.
Ericssonandhiscolleagueshavethustakentostudyingexpertperformersinawiderange
ofpursuits,therallthedatatheycan,notjustperformancestatisticsand
biographicaldetailsbutalsotheresultsoftheirownlaboratoryexperimentswithhighachievers.
Theirworkmakesaratherstartlingassertion:thetraitwecommonlycalltalentishighly
,putanotherway,expertperformers–whetherinmemoryorsurgery,balletor
computerprogramming–arenearlyalwaysmade,notborn.
thdayphenomenonfoundamongsoccerplayersismentionedto
[A]stresstheimportanceofprofessionaltraining.
[B]spotlightthesoccersuperstarsintheWorldCup.
[C]introducethetopicofwhatmakesexpertperformance.
[D]explainwhysomesoccerteamsplaybetterthanothers.
d“mania”(Line4,Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans
[A]fun.
[B]craze.
[C]hysteria.
[D]excitement.
ingtoEricsson,goodmemory
[A]dependsonmeaningfulprocessingofinformation.
[B]resultsfromintuitiveratherthancognitiveexercises.
[C]isdeterminedbygeneticratherthanpsychologicalfactors.
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[D]requiresimmediatefeedbackandahighdegreeofconcentration.
onandhiscolleaguesbelievethat
[A]talentisadominatingfactorforprofessionalsuccess.
[B]biographicaldataprovidethekeytoexcellentperformance.
[C]theroleoftalenttendstobeoverlooked.
[D]highachieversowetheirsuccessmostlytonurture.
fthefollowingproverbsisclosesttothemessagethetexttriestoconvey?
[A]“Faithwillmovemountains.”
[B]“Onereapswhatonesows.”
[C]“Practicemakesperfect.”
[D]“Likefather,likeson.”
Text2
Forthepastseveralyears,theSundaynewspapersupplementParadehasfeaturedacolumn
called“AskMarilyn.”PeopleareinvitedtoqueryMarilynvosSavant,whoatage10hadtested
atamentallevelofsomeoneabout23yearsold;thatgaveheranIQof228–thehighestscore
saskyoutocompleteverbalandvisualanalogies,toenvisionpaperafterit
hasbeenfoldedandcut,andtodeducenumericalsequences,a
bitconfusingwhenvosSavantfieldssuchqueriesfromtheaverageJoe(whoseIQis100)as,
What’sthedifferencebetweenloveandfondness?Orwhatisthenatureofluckandcoincidence?
It’snotobvioushowthecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureoutnumericalpatternssuits
onetoanswerquestionsthathaveeludedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers.
Clearly,atdoesitmeantobe
smart?Howmuchofintelligencecanbespecified,andhowmuchcanwelearnaboutitfrom
neurology,genetics,computerscienceandotherfields?
ThedefiningtermofintelligenceinhumansstillseemstobetheIQscore,eventhoughIQ
tcomesprimarilyintwoforms:the
Stanford-BinetIntelligenceScaleandtheWechslerIntelligenceScales(bothcomeinadultand
children’sversion).Generallycostingseveralhundreddollars,theyareusuallygivenonlyby
psychologists,althoughvariationsofthempopulatebookstoresandtheWorldWideWeb.
SuperhighscoreslikevosSavant’sarenolongerpossible,becausescoringisnowbasedona
statisticalpopulationdistributionamongagepeers,ratherthansimplydividingthementalageby
tandardizedtests,suchastheScholastic
AssessmentTest(SAT)andtheGraduateRecordExam(GRE),capturethemainaspectsofIQ
tests.
Suchstandardizedtestsmaynotassessalltheimportantelementsnecessarytosucceedin
schoolandinlife,rticle“HowIntelligentIsIntelligence
Testing?”,Sternbergnotesthattraditionaltestbestassessanalyticalandverbalskillsbutfailto
measurecreativityandpracticalknowledge,componentsalsocriticaltoproblemsolvingandlife
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er,IQtestsdonotnecessarilypredictsowelloncepopulationsorsituations
chhasfoundthatIQpredictedleadershipskillswhenthetestsweregivenunder
low-stressconditions,butunderhigh-stressconditions,IQwasnegativelycorrelatedwith
leadership–thatis,whohastoiledthroughSATwilltestify
thattest-takingskillalsomatters,whetherit’sknowingwhentoguessorwhatquestionstoskip.
fthefollowingmayberequiredinanintelligencetest?
[A]Answeringphilosophicalquestions.
[B]Foldingorcuttingpaperintodifferentshapes.
[C]Tellingthedifferencesbetweencertainconcepts.
[D]Choosingwordsorgraphssimilartothegivenones.
nbeinferredaboutintelligencetestingfromParagraph3?
[A]PeoplenolongeruseIQscoresasanindicatorofintelligence.
[B]MoreversionsofIQtestsarenowavailableontheInternet.
[C]Thetestcontentsandformatsforadultsandchildrenmaybedifferent.
[D]Scientistshavedefinedtheimportantelementsofhumanintelligence.
nowadayscannolongerachieveIQscoresashighasvosSavant’sbecause
[A]thescoresareobtainedthroughdifferentcomputationalprocedures.
[B]creativityratherthananalyticalskillsisemphasizednow.
[C]vosSavant’scaseisanextremeonethatwillnotrepeat.
[D]thedefiningcharacteristicofIQtestshaschanged.
oncludefromthelastparagraphthat
[A]testscoresmaynotbereliableindicatorsofone’sability.
[B]IQscoresandSATresultsarehighlycorrelated.
[C]testinginvolvesalotofguesswork.
[D]traditionaltestareoutofdate.
theauthor’sattitudetowardsIQtests?
[A]Supportive.
[B]Skeptical.
[C]Impartial.
[D]Biased.
Text3
Duringthepastgeneration,theAmericanmiddle-classfamilythatoncecouldcountonhard
workandfairplaytokeepitselffinanciallysecurehadbeentransformedbyeconomicriskand
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nkslip,abaddiagnosis,oradisappearingspousecanreduceafamily
fromsolidlymiddleclasstonewlypoorinafewmonths.
Injustonegeneration,millionsofmothershavegonetowork,transformingbasicfamily
rs,policymakers,andcriticsofallstripeshavedebatedthesocialimplications
ofthesechanges,butfewhavelookedatthesideeffect:’s
ult,theyhavelost
theparachutetheyoncehadintimesoffinancialsetback–aback-upearner(usuallyMom)who
“added-worker
effect”couldsupportthesafetynetofferedbyunemploymentinsuranceordisabilityinsuranceto
ay,adisruptiontofamilyfortunescannolongerbe
madeupwithextraincomefromanotherwise-stay-at-homepartner.
Duringthesameperiod,familieshavebeenaskedtoabsorbmuchmoreriskintheir
orkers,airlineemployees,andnowthoseintheautoindustryare
joiningmillionsoffamilieswhomustworryaboutinterestrates,stockmarketfluctuation,and
hofthepastyear,
PresidentBushcampaignedtomoveSocialSecuritytoasaving-accountmodel,withretirees
tradingmuchoralloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentreturns.
Foryoungerfamilies,eabsolutecostofhealthcareandthe
shareofitbornebyfamilieshaverisen–andnewlyfashionablehealth-savingsplansare
spreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-Martworkers,withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalarge
newdoseofinvestmentriskforfamilies’mographicsareworking
againstthemiddleclassfamily,astheoddsofhavingaweakelderlyparent–andallthe
attendantneedforphysicalandfinancialassistance–havejumpedeightfoldinjustone
generation.
Fromthemiddle-classfamilyperspective,muchofthis,understandably,looksfarlesslike
anopportunitytoexercisemorefinancialresponsibility,andagooddealmorelikeafrightening
accelerationofthewholesaleshiftoffinancialriskontotheiralreadyoverburdenedshoulders.
Thefinancialfallouthasbegun,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.
’sdouble-incomefamiliesareatgreaterfinancialriskinthat
[A]thesafetynettheyusedtoenjoyhasdisappeared.
[B]theirchancesofbeinglaidoffhavegreatlyincreased.
[C]theyaremorevulnerabletochangesinfamilyeconomics.
[D]theyaredeprivedofunemploymentordisabilityinsurance.
ultofPresidentBush’sreform,retiredpeoplemayhave
[A]ahighersenseofsecurity.
[B]lesssecuredpayments.
[C]lesschancetoinvest.
[D]aguaranteedfuture.
ingtotheauthor,health-savingsplanswill
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[A]helpreducethecostofhealthcare.
[B]popularizeamongthemiddleclass.
[C]compensateforthereducedpensions.
[D]increasethefamilies’investmentrisk.
einferredfromthelastparagraphthat
[A]financialriskstendtooutweighpoliticalrisks.
[B]themiddleclassmayfacegreaterpoliticalchallenges.
[C]financialproblemsmaybringaboutpoliticalproblems.
[D]financialresponsibilityisanindicatorofpoliticalstatus.
fthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext?
[A]TheMiddleClassontheAlert
[B]TheMiddleClassontheCliff
[C]TheMiddleClassinConflict
[D]TheMiddleClassinRuins
Text4
bossesandboardshavefinallysortedouttheirworst
accountingandcompliancetroubles,andimprovedtheirfeeblecorporationgovernance,anew
problemthreatenstoearnthem–especiallyinAmerica–thesortofnastyheadlinesthat
inevitablyleadtoheadsrollingintheexecutivesuite:,untilnow,toodd,
low-levelITstafftoputright,andseenasaconcernonlyofdata-richindustriessuchasbanking,
telecomsandairtravel,informationprotectionisnowhighontheboss’sagendainbusinessesof
everyvariety.
Severalmassiveleakagesofcustomerandemployeedatathisyear–fromorganizationsas
diverseasTimeWarner,theAmericandefensecontractorScienceApplicationsInternational
CorpandeventheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley–haveleftmanagershurriedlypeeringinto
theirintricateITsystemsandbusinessprocessesinsearchofpotentialvulnerabilities.
“Dataisbecominganassetwhichneedstobeguardedasmuchasanyotherasset,”says
HaimMendelsonofStanfordUniversity’sbusinessschool.“Theabilitytoguardcustomerdatais
thekeytomarketvalue,whichtheboardisresponsibleforonbehalfofshareholders.”Indeed,
justasthereistheconceptofGenerallyAcceptedAccountingPrinciples(GAAP),perhapsitis
timeforGASP,GenerallyAcceptedSecurityPractices,suggestedEliNoamofNewYork’s
ColumbiaBusinessSchool.“Settingtheproperinvestmentlevelforsecurity,redundancy,and
recoveryisamanagementissue,notatechnicalone,”hesays.
itshouldbeobvious
tothedimmestexecutivethattrust,thatmostvaluableofeconomicassets,iseasilydestroyed
andhugelyexpensivetorestore–andthatfewthingsaremorelikelytodestroytrustthana
companylettingsensitivepersonaldatagetintothewronghands.
-9-
Thecurrentstateofaffairsmayhavebeenencouraged–thoughnotjustified–bythelackof
legalpenalty(inAmerica,butnotEurope)aliforniarecentlypasseda
law,Americanfirmsdidnothavetotellanyone,eventhevictim,
maychangefast:lotsofproposeddata-securitylegislationisnowdoingtheroundsin
Washington,ile,thetheftofinformationaboutsome40millioncredit-card
accountsinAmerica,disclosedonJune17
th
,overshadowedahugelyimportantdecisionaday
earlierbyAmerica’sFederalTradeCommission(FTC)thatputscorporateAmericaonnoticethat
regulatorswillactiffirmsfailtoprovideadequatedatasecurity.
tement“Itneverrainsbutitpours”isusedtointroduce
[A]thefiercebusinesscompetition.
[B]thefeebleboss-boardrelations.
[C]thethreatfromnewsreports.
[D]theseverityofdataleakage.
ingtoParagraph2,someorganizationschecktheirsystemstofindout
[A]whetherthereisanyweakpoint.
[B]whatsortofdatahasbeenstolen.
[C]whoisresponsiblefortheleakage.
[D]howthepotentialspiescanbelocated.
ginguptheconceptofGASPtheauthorismakingthepointthat
[A]shareholders’interestsshouldbeproperlyattendedto.
[B]informationprotectionshouldbegivendueattention.
[C]businessesshouldenhancetheirlevelofaccountingsecurity.
[D]themarketvalueofcustomerdatashouldbeemphasized.
ingtoParagraph4,whatpuzzlestheauthoristhatsomebossesfailto
[A]seethelinkbetweentrustanddataprotection.
[B]perceivethesensitivityofpersonaldata.
[C]realizethehighcostofdatarestoration.
[D]appreciatetheeconomicvalueoftrust.
einferredfromParagraph5that
[A]dataleakageismoresevereinEurope.
[B]FTC’sdecisionisessentialtodatasecurity.
[C]Californiatakestheleadinsecuritylegislation.
[D]legalpenaltyisamajorsolutiontodataleakage.
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PartB
Directions:
Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutwhatparentsaresupposedtodotoguide
aheadingfromthelistA—Gthatbestfitsthemeaningof
eachnumberedpartofthetext(41-45).Thefirstandlastparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.
uranswersonANSWER
SHEET1.(10points)
odExampleforYourKids
ourKids’WorkSkills
imeLimitsonLeisureActivities
outtheFutureonaRegularBasis
dsDevelopCopingStrategies
urKidsFigureOutWhoTheyAre
ourKids’SenseofResponsibility
HowCanaParentHelp?
Mothersandfatherscandoalottoensureasafelandinginearlyadulthoodfortheirkids.
Evenifajob’sstartingsalaryseemstoosmalltosatisfyanemergingadult’sneedforrapid
content,thetransitionfromschooltoworkcanbelessofasetbackifthestart-upadultisready
eafewmeasures,drawnfrommybookReadyorNot,HereLifeComes,
thatparentscantaketopreventwhatIcall“work-lifeunreadiness.”
大41家
icallyreviewtheiremerging
strengthsandweaknesseswiththemandworktogetheronanyshortcomings,likedifficultyin
,identifythekindsofintereststheykeepcomingback
to,astheseoffercluestothecareersthatwillfitthembest.
大42家
Kidsneedarangeofauthenticrolemodels–asopposedtomembersoftheirclique,pop
gulardinner-tablediscussionsaboutpeoplethefamilyknows
sthejoysanddownsidesofyourowncareerand
kedwhattheywantto
do,theyshouldbediscouragedfromsaying“Ihavenoidea.”Theycanchangetheirminds200
times,buthavingonlyafoggyviewofthefutureisoflittlegood.
大43家
Teachersareresponsibleforteachingkidshowtolearn;parentsshouldberesponsiblefor
responsibilitiesaroundthehouseandmakesurehomework
-11-
edplentyofpractice
delayinggratificationanddeployingeffectiveorganizationalskills,suchasmanagingtimeand
settingpriorities.
大44家
rsofwatchingTVshowswith
ametime,
listeningthroughearphonestothesamemonotonousbeatsforlongstretchesencourageskidsto
seactivitiescanpreventthe
growthofimportantcommunicationandthinkingskillsandmakeitdifficultforkidstodevelop
thekindofsustainedconcentrationtheywillneedformostjobs.
大45家
Theyshouldknowhowtodealwithsetbacks,
shouldalsolearnhowtosolveproblemsandresolveconflicts,waystobrainstormandthink
sionsathomecanhelpkidspracticedoingthesethingsandhelpthemapply
theseskillstoeverydaylifesituations.
Whataboutthesonordaughterwhoisgrownbutseemstobestrugglingandwandering
aimlesslythroughearlyadulthood?Parentsstillhaveamajorroletoplay,butnowitismore
ould
exhibitstronginterestandrespectforwhatevercurrentlyintereststheirfledgingadult(asnaive
orillconceivedasitmayseem)whilebecomingapartnerinexploringoptionsforthefuture.
Mostofall,thesenewadultsmustfeelthattheyarerespectedandsupportedbyafamilythat
appreciatesthem.
PartC
Directions:
Readthefollowi
translationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)
Thestudyoflawhasbeenrecognizedforcenturiesasabasicintellectualdisciplinein
r,onlyinrecentyearshasitbecomeafeatureofundergraduate
programsinCanadianuniversities.(46)Traditionally,legallearninghasbeenviewedinsuch
institutionsasthespecialpreserveoflawyers,ratherthananecessarypartoftheintellectual
y,theolderandmorecontinentalviewoflegal
educationisestablishingitselfinanumberofCanadianuniversitiesandsomehaveevenbegun
toofferundergraduatedegreesinlaw.
Ifthestudyoflawisbeginningtoestablishitselfaspartandparcelofageneraleducation,
disciplinewhich
nehand,itprovidesopportunitiestoanalyzesuch
ideasasjustice,democracyandfreedom.(47)Ontheother,itlinkstheseconceptstoeveryday
realitiesinamannerwhichisparalleltothelinksjournalistsforgeonadailybasisastheycover
-12-
mple,notionsofevidenceandfact,ofbasicrightsandpublic
interestareatworkintheprocessofjournalisticjudgmentandproductionjustasincourtsoflaw.
Sharpeningjudgmentbyabsorbingandreflectingonlawisadesirablecomponentofa
journalist’sintellectualpreparationforhisorhercareer.
(48)Buttheideathatthejournalistmustunderstandthelawmoreprofoundlythanan
ordinarycitizenrestsonanunderstandingoftheestablishedconventionsandspecial
csor,morebroadly,thefunctioningofthestate,isa
terinformedtheyareaboutthewaythestateworks,the
bettertheirreportingwillbe.(49)Infact,itisdifficulttoseehowjournalistswhodonothavea
cleargraspofthebasicfeaturesoftheCanadianConstitutioncandoacompetentjobonpolitical
stories.
Furthermore,thelegalsystemandtheeventswhichoccurwithinitareprimarysubjectsfor
hequalityoflegaljournalismvariesgreatly,thereisanunduereliance
amongstmanyjournalistsoninterpretationssuppliedtothembylawyers.(50)Whilecomment
andreactionfromlawyersmayenhancestories,itispreferableforjournaliststorelyontheir
anonlycomefroma
well-groundedunderstandingofthelegalsystem.
SectionIII
PartA
Writing
ions:
Writealettertoyouuniversitylibrary,makingsuggestionsforimprovingitsservice.
Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.
“LiMing”instead.
Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)
PartB
ions:
essay,youshould
1)describethedrawingbriefly,
2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen
3)supportyourviewwithanexample/examples.
YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)
-13-
-14-
2007年考研英语真题答案解析
SectionⅠUseofEnglish
1.【答案】[B]
【解析】词义辨析题,s本地人;tant居民;s民族;
duals个体。本文首句指出:到了1830年,原来的西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地变成了
独立国家。本句解释了这些居住在摆脱殖民地地位而独立的国家的人们对于未来的态度。这
里的这里没有限定范围是“本地人”,也没有提及不同的民族,更没有强调个体差异,因此
排除其他选项。
2.【答案】[D]
【解析】词汇辨析题。edly困惑地;ully高兴的;d担
心的;lly充满期待地从首句已知这些国家的居民摆脱了西班牙和葡萄牙的殖民统
治,虽然文中没有提到独立的过程,但是历史告诉我们,殖民地人们要求独立的愿望是一直
存在的,是迫切的,由此可以判断,成立独立国家是殖民地人们的愿望,因此居民们对未来
充满了期待,故选择hopefully合适。
3.【答案】[A]
【解析】逻辑关系题。共有;忘记;ed获得;ed
拒绝。本题所在的句子介绍了这些新独立国家的领导人们的治国理念。首先提到了许多领导
人们在治国理念中达成共识的部分,这由本句和下一句的内容及第二段首句中的less
agreement得到印证,先指出领导人之间理念上的相同之处,再指出他们之间存在的分歧,
sharedtheideas符合上下文逻辑关系,故为答案。
4.【答案】[C]
【解析】语义辨析题。d相关的;接近的;开着的;d
投入的。本句提到的新国家领导人共同的治国理念包括议会制政府等。由这里的
representativegovernment,freedomofcommerceandtrade可以看出,这些都是先进
的民主的治国方略,故此处的careers应为“向人才开放的职业”,这样才能让人们人尽其
才,发挥自己的作用。其他三项都可以与介词to搭配使用,但放在此外,不符合上下文语
义衔接关系。
5.【答案】[C]
【解析】语义辨析题。to接近;sionto继承;o的权利;
to返回。从前面的“议会制政府”,“向人才开放的职业”,“商业和贸易自由”
可以看出这里提到的是推动国家进步和发展,充分调动人们积极性的另一个理念“人们对私
有财产的所有权”,故此处选择right.6.[答案][D][分析]词汇辨析题。ably
大概的;ntally偶然的;sly显然的;lly普遍的。因为这里没
有表示与前一句内容相反或转折的信号词,可以判断本句承接上一句内容而来,继续介绍新
的独立国家领导人都认同的理念。这里generally表示出后面内容是大家普遍的观点,符合
15
这里的语义衔接关系,故为答案。
7.【答案】[B]
【解析】词汇辨析题。唯一的;普通的;ular特殊的;
l典型的本句意为:他们普遍认为新国家应该是独立的主权国家,足够大,能够在
经济上切实可行,由一套共同法律让各个新的独立国家联合起来。句中提到integrate,既
然是“联合”,各国应该遵循一套共同的法律,故common符合文意。
8.【答案】[A]
【解析】语义辨析题。m自由;起源;影响;
改革……本句涉及到领导人对待宗教的态度。从后面的内容可以看出领导人对尊哪种宗教信
仰一种宗教,而禁止人们信仰其他宗教产生分歧,因此可以看出这里谈论的是宗教自由和教
会地位的问题,这里的freedomofreligion和thepositionofthechurch为并列关系。
9.【答案】[B]
【解析】逻辑关系题。ore因此;r然而;的确;er
而且。第一段最后两句介绍了新成立的独立国家领导人之间在治国理念方面的共识,这里提
到的是他们之间存在的分歧,显然两部分之间为转折关系,故使用however.本题误选在于
没有正确判断本句和前文之间的逻辑关系。
10.【答案】[C]
【解析】词汇辨析题。和…;有关;在…之中;通过。
本句表明各国领导人之间在宗教问题方面不那么有默契了,among表示“在……之间”,这
里amongtheleadersship表范围。其他几个介词与后面内容搭配作状语时,都不表示范围。
11.【答案】[C]
【解析】词汇辨析题。d准许;ed宣扬;d承认;
资助本句对首句内容进行解释说明,指出罗马天主教过去在西班牙的地位:是西班牙国教,
是唯一得到西班牙王室承认的。由句中的only可判断,西班牙王室只承认罗马天主教。各
个选项中只有grant有“承认”之意,故为答案。
12.【答案】[D]
【解析】逻辑关系题。因为;如果;除非;而。分
析本句句意可以看出,前后两部分谈论的是领导人的两种不同观点:多数人致力于人保留天
主教为新国家的官方宗教,一些领导人致力于终结不能有其他宗教信仰的状况。显然前后两
部分之间存在对比关系,故使用While表示对比。本句前后两部分之间无假设关系和因果关
系,因此排除其他选项。
13.【答案】[A]
【解析】固定搭配题。作为;为了;在……之下;t
反对。前一句提到罗马天主教为西班牙国教,本句承接前一句,指出大多数领导人希望保留
天主教为官方宗教信仰,显然这里astheofficialreligionofthenewstates是方式状
语,与maintain搭配使用,符合语意关系。
16
14.【答案】[C]
【解析】词汇辨析题。传播;erence干涉;ion排除;
ed承诺。本句提到一些领导人与众不同的观点:结束不允许有其他宗教信仰的状
况。可见,两拨人的观点截然不同,exclusion用在此处符合语境。这里使用spread,
interference和influence与前面内容均不构成转折关系。
15.【答案】[B]
【解析】固定搭配题。t支持;哭喊;恳请;希望。
本句与前一句内容有隐含的因果关系,这是由于一些领导人主张允许信仰其他宗教,因此保
卫教会成为保守势力的战斗口号。这里rallyingcry为固定搭配。
16.【答案】[D]
【解析】固定搭配题。本句是对该段首句主题句的解释。从句中的inreturn可以看
出,海地对玻利瓦尔的帮助并非无条件的,其条件就是后者承诺废除奴隶制度。这里
promisetodosth.意为“答应做某事”。
17.【答案】[B]
【解析】语义辨析题。lling正在统治的;原来的;ing
遗留的;al原始的。本句提到到1854年为止,其他地区都废除了了奴隶制,只剩
余西班牙的某些殖民地。如果选择remaining,则这里意为“西班牙残存的殖民地”,显然
与文章第一段提到的“到1830年,原来的西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地都变成了独立的国家”相
矛盾,因为这些国家之前都已独立,因此应选[B],指西班牙的前殖民地国家。
18.【答案】[A]
【解析】语义辨析题。较慢;较快;较容易;r
较难。上文提到玻利瓦尔承诺废除奴隶制,到1854年除了前西班牙殖民地外,其他地区都
已废除奴隶制,本题所在句子指出了与此相反的情况:由于新独立的国家仍然需要这些政策
所带来的收入,因此,停止印地安人上贡和对混血人种征税的早期承诺实现得颇为···。
根据上下文可知,此处是说这个承诺实现得缓慢,不像废除奴隶制那样快,因此,答案为[A]。
19.【答案】[B]
【解析】词汇辩析题。d创建;ed产生,生产;buted
有助于;ed更喜欢。本题所在部分意为“新国家仍然需要这些政策所带来的税收
收入”,这些税收收入是这些policies带来的,这里使用produce意思相近,但后者有“产
生,带来”之意,前者并无此意,排除。
20.【答案】[D]
【解析】词汇辨析题。dby困惑;eto敌对;isticto悲
观;aredto未准备好。本段前文一直在提人人平等,最后一句指出一种担心情绪:
大众未对自治和民主做好准备。由于新的独立国家的人们刚刚摆脱了殖民统治,因此人们还
17
没有充分了解和熟悉自治和民主,这里使用unpreparedfor符合语境。
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
PartA
Text1
21.【答案】[C]
【解析】结构题。首段提到一个怪现象:出色的足球运动员更可能出生在一年内的
前几个月而不是后几个月。在提出该现象之后,作者在该段未对其做进一步解释说明。这是
典型的英文文章开篇模式,通过引用或举例的方式引出文章主题,显然作者介绍这一现象是
为了引出下面的主题,因此因该在后的内容中寻找答案。通过浏览后面的内容可知,Ericsson
和他的同事们致力于研究不同领域的技艺精湛的从业者取得成就的原因,作者在全文末段给
出答案。因此可以判断提到的怪现象是用来引出主题,故[C]为答案。
22.【答案】[B]
【解析】识词题。第二段介绍了对首段提到的怪现象的四种推断性的解释,其中第
三个解释中首先出现了soccer-madparents一词,既然是对足球疯狂的父母,那么他们选择
在出现足球狂热的季节孕育孩子也不足为奇了,此处的soccermania与soccermad意思一致,
考生可通过词汇复现这一线索解题。
23.【答案】[A]
【解析】细节题。在第三段Ericsson给出一个有关记忆的例子,然后在第四段对该
题研究进行了说明。第二句明确指出好的记忆力是不天生的,而是由个人解码信息能力的强
弱决定的,这与[A]意思一致,故该项为答案。
24.【答案】[D]
【解析】细节题。末段最后一句对Ericsson及其同事的研究结论进行了总结:那些
技艺精湛的从业者,无论记忆路超群者,还是专家级外科医生,无论是卓越的芭蕾舞演员还
是出色的计算机程序员,他们几乎都是后天练就的,而非天生的。[D]正是对该部分内容
的归纳概括,故为答案。
25.【答案】[C]
【解析】主旨题。本题是一个典型的中心思想题,与以往考查形式不同的是,这里
需要用一个常见成语对全文主旨进行归纳。开篇由优秀的足球运动员出生月份这个话题引出
Ericsson对成功是基于天生还是后天这个问题的研究。第三段用一个记忆数字的例子说明
练习的重要性。全文末段的出研究结论:那些取得巨大成就的人都是后天练就的,并非天生
的。由此可以看出本文的主旨是成就是靠后天的勤奋,即不断的训练和练习取得的,[C]
意为“熟能生巧”,与作者传递的信息一致,故为答案。
18
Text2
26.【答案】[D]
【解析】细节题。该题目提问智力测试的内容,定位在文章首段,首句。智商测试
让你完成语言和视觉类推。因此,D对verbal和visualanalogies进行了解释,故为正确
答案。
27.【答案】[C]
【解析】推断题。该题目要推断第三段含义。找到主题句,第二句IQ测试的两种形
式:一是斯坦福-比奈智力量化表,二是温切斯特智力量化表。因此,两个版本内容不同。
故选C.
28.【答案】[A]
【解析】细节题。文章第三段,倒数第二句:象vosSavant那样的超高分数不可能
再出现,因为现在的记分建立在同龄人的人口分布统计数字的基础上。而不仅仅是用智力年
龄除以生理年龄再乘以100.可见,积分方式的变化是不会出现高分的原因。故选A.
29.【答案】[A]
【解析】推断题。文章尾段第三句提到:一旦人口或情况发生变化,智商测试就可
能不准确。随后论证:当智商测试在压力小的环境中,能预测领导能力。在压力大的环境中,
智商与领导力负相关,即,预测的内容正好相反。故选A.
30.【答案】[B]
【解析】主旨题。文章尾段暗示了作者的观点。该段第三句作者认为传统的测试对
人的某方面能力没有考察到,同时认为测试结果依赖于环境。因此B怀疑态度。
Text3
31.【答案】[C]
【解析】推断题。第二段提到,家庭夫妻的双薪的副作用,家庭风险提高了。随后,
作出解释,以前家庭主要经济支柱失业了或生病了,在家的另一方可以进入劳动力市场。但
是现在,在这种情况下,家庭财富的中断不能得到弥补。因此,家庭易受经济变化影响。故
选C.
32.【答案】[B]
【解析】细节题。第三段提到布什总统的计划:布什总统致力于将社会保障转换成储
备帐户模式,让退休人员将有保障的退休金变成依赖于投资回报率的退休金。这里B是对部
分内容的概括。
19
33.【答案】[D]
【解析】细节题。第三段提到医疗储备计划,减免的部分增加了,会出现一些新的大
的家庭未来的医疗投资风险,故选D.
34.【答案】[C]
【解析】推断题。在末段发表观点:经济上的不良后果开始出现,政治负面影响可
能也不远了。由此可推断,作者认为经济问题解决不好必将导致政治问题。故选C.
35.【答案】[B]
【解析】主旨题。本题是标题型主旨大意题。作者在第二和第三段阐述了中产阶级
家庭的经济风险,退休金风险和医疗保障风险增大。风险让这些家庭更加疲惫。文中多次出
现risk一词,表明这些风险对中产阶级是雪上加霜。这与B中的onthecliff(在悬崖边上)
语义相同。
Text4
36.【答案】[D]
【解析】结构题。文中第一段的例子对应的论点是第二段的内容。这里的倾盆大雨
是指美国公司遇到的新的麻烦:数据安全问题。故D正确。
37.【答案】[A]
【解析】细节题。文章第二段尾句:企业老板们面对数据泄露问题采取的措施是:
经理们赶紧盯着他们复杂的IT系统和商业流程,以搜索可能存在的安全缺陷。因此A正确。
38.【答案】[B]
【解析】推断题。文章第三段提出EliNoam的观点:为数据安全、备份、恢复设立
适当的投资标准是一个管理问题,不是技术问题。因此,他认为公司老板不重视数据的管理。
综上所述,B为正确答案。
39.【答案】[A]
【解析】推断题。文章第四段第二句为主题句。信任是最有价值的经济资产,它很
容易被毁掉,而修复信任需要花费巨资。没有什么能比一家公司让敏感的个人数据流到别有
用心的人手里更能毁掉信任的了。因此,A为正确答案。
40.【答案】[D]
【解析】推断题。文章尾段首句为主题句,现在这种状况,虽然不合理,可能会由于
缺乏对数据泄露的法律制裁而加剧。由此可以推断,法律制裁对于数据泄露的必要性。故选
D.
20
PartB
41.【答案】[F]。
【解析】第二段全段没有转折词,末句出现了Also,可见该段前后内容一致,为递
进关系。末句中出现代词they和them,指代首段提到的孩子,他有什么兴趣,最适合什么,
因该是帮助孩子了解他们自身的优缺点,改正缺点。只有了解了自己是什么人,才知道自己
适合什么。我们通过对该段中代词的把握以及对最后一个句子中提到的兴趣种类就可以判断
41题选[F]。
42.【答案】[D]。
【解析】42题考生很容易错选成[A],这是因为首句提到rolemodel,这与[A]
中的goodexample一致。但是小标题的选择应该是对段落的整体把握,不是只关注部分细节
内容。首句提到榜样之后,后面都没有谈到这一内容。显然该段主旨并榜样问题。后面内容
中反复出现的一个关键是future,指出家长和孩子们要定期讨论对未来的设想,显然[D]
为答案。
43.【答案】[B]。
【解析】本题所在段首句为主题句,指出父母应该教给孩子怎样工作。后面具体解
释如何教会孩子们工作:给孩子分配家务,鼓励十几岁的孩子做兼职等。通过这些方式让孩
子学会工作的技能。[B]是对主题句的同义转述,是对后细节内容的高度概括,故为答案。
44.【答案】[C]。
【解析】本段未出现明显的主题句,但全段都是在谈论一些娱乐性的业余生活的危
害,作者提到玩电子游戏、长时间的看电视剧、长时间的用耳机听音乐等活动会妨碍重要的
沟通和思考能力的发展,影响持续的注意力发展。结合首段内容可知,这里作者是向家长提
建议,指出如何帮助孩子为未来的工作做好准备。虽然本段没有明确指出应该采取何种措施,
由这里提到的危害可限制,这样才不会影响他某些方面能力的发展,故[C]为答案。
45.【答案】[E]。
【解析】本段提到孩子们需要某种节能,处理各种状况。第一、二句中出现dealwith,
solve,resolve等词,表示孩子们需要应对、解决某些问题。由此可以推断,作者在本段
中提到的是处理和应对各种情况的技能,这与[E]中的copingstrategies不谋而合,故
该项为答案。
PartC
21
46.传统上,这些院校一直把学习法律看作是律师专有的特权,而不是一个受过教育的
人必备的的知识才能。
47.另一方面,如同记者每天在报道和评论新闻时会与生活建立起联系那样,法律把公
正、民主和自由这些概念和日常实践联系在一起。
48.但是,新闻记者必须比普通公民更为深刻的理解法律,这种观点是基于对新闻媒体
的即定惯例和特殊职责的理解。
49.事实上,我们很难想象,对加拿大宪法的基本特征缺乏清楚把握的记者如何能胜任
政治方面的报道。
50.尽管律师提供的评论和反馈可能会增加报道的深度,但记者最好还是依靠自己的理
解,并做出自己的判断。
SectionⅢWriting
PartA
Towhomitmayconcern,Asaseniorstudentoftheuniversity,Iamwritingthe
lettertomakesomesuggestionsforimprovingtheserviceofouruniversitylibrary.
Onthewhole,Ithinkourlibraryfunctionsprettywell,butitsserviceisfar
y,itisquiteconvenienttoarrangeaninquirydeskat
thecirculationhall,whichenablesthestudentstoaskquestionswhenever
,withthehelpofaprofessionallibrarian,studentscangothrough
tion,itwouldbemosthelpfulifthestudents
,you'dbettermaintain
entlyfoundmyselfDisturbedbycertain
studentschattingandsmokingthere.
ItismysincerehopethatyouwilltakemyadviceintoconsiderationandIhold
thatitwillbenefitboththestudentsandtheuniversityfacultyaswell.
Sincerelyyours,
LiMing
PartB
22
Howimpressivethecartoonisindescribingoneofthemostcritical
characteristicpersonalitiesconcerningconfidence!Thiscartoondepictsapicture
yerisgoingtokick
theballwhilethegoalkeeperisstandinginfrontofagoal,
ikermagnifiesthegoalkeeperin
se,thegoalkeeperminimizes
hisownimageasifhecouldn'sly,bothofthe
playersinthepicturedon'thaveenoughconfidenceandifyouhavelittleconfidence,
howcanyouachieveyourgoalinlife?
Thepurposeofthepictureistoemphasizetheimportanceofself-confidence
iefof
whatonecanachieveandsucceedoftenspellsthedifferencebetweensuccessand
untofthefastpaceoflife,competitiongoesincreasinglyfierce
inallwalksoflife,tfew
yearshavewitnessedgreatincreaseinthedifficultyofexaminationsand
mustmaintainpowerfulself-confidenceandoptimismintheface
encecanbeshownintheperformance
causeofhisSelf-confidencethat
henevershrinksinfrontofotherexperiencedplayersandworkswondersagainand
ontrary,someathletesdowellineverydaytraining,butwhenfacing
otherpeopletheyfailtopresentthebestofthemselvesforthelackof
ayinggoes,confidenceisthefirststeptosuccess!Only
bybuildingstrongself-confidencecanwemoveclosertoourdreams.s,confidence
isthefirststeptosuccess!Onlybybuildingstrongself-confidencecanwemove
irststeptosuccess!Onlybybuildingstrong
self-confidencecanwemoveclosertoourdreams.s,confidenceisthefirststep
tosuccess!Onlybybuildingstrongself-confidencecanwemoveclosertoourdreams.
23
2024年8月26日发(作者:偶颖然)
2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
SectionI
Directions:
thebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]
or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
By1830t
roughly20million
大1家
ofthesenationslooked
大2家
thecrisis
oftheoldregimeandIberianColonialism,manyoftheleadersofindependence
大3家
idealsofrepresentativegovernment,careers
trade,the
大6家
大5家
大4家
the
UseofEnglish
totalent,freedomofcommerceand
toprivateproperty,andabeliefintheindividualasthebasisofsociety.
therewasabeliefthatthenewnationsshouldbesovereignandindependentstates,
largeenoughtobeeconomicallyviableandintegratedbya
大7家
setoflaws.
Ontheissueof
大8家
lessagreement
theonlyone
Catholicism
大14家
大10家
大11家
大13家
ofreligionandthepositionofthechurch,
大9家
,therewas
atholicismhadbeenthestatereligionand
bytheSpanishcrown.
大12家
mostleaderssoughttomaintain
theofficialreligionofthenewstates,somesoughttoendthe
大15家
enseoftheChurchbecamearallying
conservativeforces.
Theidealsoftheearlyleadersofindependencewereoftenegalitarian,valuingequalityof
rhadreceivedaidfromHaitiandhad
大16家
inreturntoabolishslavery
1854slaveryhadbeenabolishedeverywhereexceptSpain’s
大17家
camemuch
romisestoendIndiantributeandtaxesonpeopleofmixedorigin
大18家
becausethenewnationsstillneededtherevenuesuchpolicies
大19家
.Egalitariansentimentswereoftentemperedbyfearsthatthemassofthepopulation
-1-
was
大20家
self-ruleanddemocracy.
1.[A]natives
[B]inhabitants
[C]peoples
[D]individuals
2.[A]confusedly
[B]cheerfully
[C]worriedly
[D]hopefully
3.[A]shared
[B]forgot
[C]attained
[D]rejected
4.[A]related
[B]close
[C]open
[D]devoted
5.[A]access
[B]succession
[C]right
[D]return
6.[A]Presumably
[B]Incidentally
[C]Obviously
[D]Generally
7.[A]unique
[B]common
[C]particular
[D]typical
8.[A]freedom
-2-
[B]origin
[C]impact
[D]reform
9.[A]therefore
[B]however
[C]indeed
[D]moreover
10.[A]with
[B]about
[C]among
[D]by
11.[A]allowed
[B]preached
[C]granted
[D]funded
12.[A]Since
[B]If
[C]Unless
[D]While
13.[A]as
[B]for
[C]under
[D]against
14.[A]spread
[B]interference
[C]exclusion
[D]influence
15.[A]support
[B]cry
[C]plea
[D]wish
-3-
16.[A]urged
[B]intended
[C]expected
[D]promised
17.[A]controlling
[B]former
[C]remaining
[D]original
18.[A]slower
[B]faster
[C]easier
[D]tougher
19.[A]created
[B]produced
[C]contributed
[D]preferred
20.[A]puzzledby
[B]hostileto
[C]pessimisticabout
[D]unpreparedfor
SectionII
PartA
Directions:
thequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C],
or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
Ifyouweretoexaminethebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerplayerin2006’sWorldCup
tournament,youwouldmostlikelyfindanoteworthyquirk:elitesoccerplayersaremorelikely
henexamined
theEuropeannationalyouthteamsthatfeedtheWorldCupandprofessionalranks,youwould
findthisstrangephenomenontobeevenmorepronounced.
Whatmightaccountforthisstrangephenomenon?Hereareafewguesses:a)certain
-4-
ReadingComprehension
astrologicalsignsconfersuperiorsoccerskills;b)winter-bornbabiestendtohavehigheroxygen
capacity,whichincreasessoccerstamina;c)soccer-madparentsaremorelikelytoconceive
childreninspringtime,attheannualpeakofsoccermania;
d)noneoftheabove.
AndersEricsson,a58-year-oldpsychologyprofessoratFloridaStateUniversity,sayshe
believesstronglyin“noneoftheabove.”EricssongrewupinSweden,andstudiednuclear
engineeringuntilherealizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifhe
stexperiment,nearly30yearsago,involvedmemory:traininga
persontohearandthenrepeatarandomseriesofnumbers.“Withthefirstsubject,afterabout20
hoursoftraining,hisdigitspanhadrisenfrom7to20,”Ericssonrecalls.“Hekeptimproving,
andafterabout200hoursoftraininghehadrisentoover80numbers.”
Thissuccess,coupledwithlaterresearchshowingthatmemoryitselfisnotgenetically
determined,ledEricssontoconcludethattheactofmemorizingismoreofacognitiveexercise
rwords,whateverinborndifferencestwopeoplemayexhibitintheir
abilitiestomemorize,thosedifferencesareswampedbyhowwelleachperson“encodes”the
bestwaytolearnhowtoencodeinformationmeaningfully,Ericsson
determined,ratepracticeentailsmorethan
,itinvolvessettingspecificgoals,obtainingimmediatefeedback
andconcentratingasmuchontechniqueasonoutcome.
Ericssonandhiscolleagueshavethustakentostudyingexpertperformersinawiderange
ofpursuits,therallthedatatheycan,notjustperformancestatisticsand
biographicaldetailsbutalsotheresultsoftheirownlaboratoryexperimentswithhighachievers.
Theirworkmakesaratherstartlingassertion:thetraitwecommonlycalltalentishighly
,putanotherway,expertperformers–whetherinmemoryorsurgery,balletor
computerprogramming–arenearlyalwaysmade,notborn.
thdayphenomenonfoundamongsoccerplayersismentionedto
[A]stresstheimportanceofprofessionaltraining.
[B]spotlightthesoccersuperstarsintheWorldCup.
[C]introducethetopicofwhatmakesexpertperformance.
[D]explainwhysomesoccerteamsplaybetterthanothers.
d“mania”(Line4,Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans
[A]fun.
[B]craze.
[C]hysteria.
[D]excitement.
ingtoEricsson,goodmemory
[A]dependsonmeaningfulprocessingofinformation.
[B]resultsfromintuitiveratherthancognitiveexercises.
[C]isdeterminedbygeneticratherthanpsychologicalfactors.
-5-
[D]requiresimmediatefeedbackandahighdegreeofconcentration.
onandhiscolleaguesbelievethat
[A]talentisadominatingfactorforprofessionalsuccess.
[B]biographicaldataprovidethekeytoexcellentperformance.
[C]theroleoftalenttendstobeoverlooked.
[D]highachieversowetheirsuccessmostlytonurture.
fthefollowingproverbsisclosesttothemessagethetexttriestoconvey?
[A]“Faithwillmovemountains.”
[B]“Onereapswhatonesows.”
[C]“Practicemakesperfect.”
[D]“Likefather,likeson.”
Text2
Forthepastseveralyears,theSundaynewspapersupplementParadehasfeaturedacolumn
called“AskMarilyn.”PeopleareinvitedtoqueryMarilynvosSavant,whoatage10hadtested
atamentallevelofsomeoneabout23yearsold;thatgaveheranIQof228–thehighestscore
saskyoutocompleteverbalandvisualanalogies,toenvisionpaperafterit
hasbeenfoldedandcut,andtodeducenumericalsequences,a
bitconfusingwhenvosSavantfieldssuchqueriesfromtheaverageJoe(whoseIQis100)as,
What’sthedifferencebetweenloveandfondness?Orwhatisthenatureofluckandcoincidence?
It’snotobvioushowthecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureoutnumericalpatternssuits
onetoanswerquestionsthathaveeludedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers.
Clearly,atdoesitmeantobe
smart?Howmuchofintelligencecanbespecified,andhowmuchcanwelearnaboutitfrom
neurology,genetics,computerscienceandotherfields?
ThedefiningtermofintelligenceinhumansstillseemstobetheIQscore,eventhoughIQ
tcomesprimarilyintwoforms:the
Stanford-BinetIntelligenceScaleandtheWechslerIntelligenceScales(bothcomeinadultand
children’sversion).Generallycostingseveralhundreddollars,theyareusuallygivenonlyby
psychologists,althoughvariationsofthempopulatebookstoresandtheWorldWideWeb.
SuperhighscoreslikevosSavant’sarenolongerpossible,becausescoringisnowbasedona
statisticalpopulationdistributionamongagepeers,ratherthansimplydividingthementalageby
tandardizedtests,suchastheScholastic
AssessmentTest(SAT)andtheGraduateRecordExam(GRE),capturethemainaspectsofIQ
tests.
Suchstandardizedtestsmaynotassessalltheimportantelementsnecessarytosucceedin
schoolandinlife,rticle“HowIntelligentIsIntelligence
Testing?”,Sternbergnotesthattraditionaltestbestassessanalyticalandverbalskillsbutfailto
measurecreativityandpracticalknowledge,componentsalsocriticaltoproblemsolvingandlife
-6-
er,IQtestsdonotnecessarilypredictsowelloncepopulationsorsituations
chhasfoundthatIQpredictedleadershipskillswhenthetestsweregivenunder
low-stressconditions,butunderhigh-stressconditions,IQwasnegativelycorrelatedwith
leadership–thatis,whohastoiledthroughSATwilltestify
thattest-takingskillalsomatters,whetherit’sknowingwhentoguessorwhatquestionstoskip.
fthefollowingmayberequiredinanintelligencetest?
[A]Answeringphilosophicalquestions.
[B]Foldingorcuttingpaperintodifferentshapes.
[C]Tellingthedifferencesbetweencertainconcepts.
[D]Choosingwordsorgraphssimilartothegivenones.
nbeinferredaboutintelligencetestingfromParagraph3?
[A]PeoplenolongeruseIQscoresasanindicatorofintelligence.
[B]MoreversionsofIQtestsarenowavailableontheInternet.
[C]Thetestcontentsandformatsforadultsandchildrenmaybedifferent.
[D]Scientistshavedefinedtheimportantelementsofhumanintelligence.
nowadayscannolongerachieveIQscoresashighasvosSavant’sbecause
[A]thescoresareobtainedthroughdifferentcomputationalprocedures.
[B]creativityratherthananalyticalskillsisemphasizednow.
[C]vosSavant’scaseisanextremeonethatwillnotrepeat.
[D]thedefiningcharacteristicofIQtestshaschanged.
oncludefromthelastparagraphthat
[A]testscoresmaynotbereliableindicatorsofone’sability.
[B]IQscoresandSATresultsarehighlycorrelated.
[C]testinginvolvesalotofguesswork.
[D]traditionaltestareoutofdate.
theauthor’sattitudetowardsIQtests?
[A]Supportive.
[B]Skeptical.
[C]Impartial.
[D]Biased.
Text3
Duringthepastgeneration,theAmericanmiddle-classfamilythatoncecouldcountonhard
workandfairplaytokeepitselffinanciallysecurehadbeentransformedbyeconomicriskand
-7-
nkslip,abaddiagnosis,oradisappearingspousecanreduceafamily
fromsolidlymiddleclasstonewlypoorinafewmonths.
Injustonegeneration,millionsofmothershavegonetowork,transformingbasicfamily
rs,policymakers,andcriticsofallstripeshavedebatedthesocialimplications
ofthesechanges,butfewhavelookedatthesideeffect:’s
ult,theyhavelost
theparachutetheyoncehadintimesoffinancialsetback–aback-upearner(usuallyMom)who
“added-worker
effect”couldsupportthesafetynetofferedbyunemploymentinsuranceordisabilityinsuranceto
ay,adisruptiontofamilyfortunescannolongerbe
madeupwithextraincomefromanotherwise-stay-at-homepartner.
Duringthesameperiod,familieshavebeenaskedtoabsorbmuchmoreriskintheir
orkers,airlineemployees,andnowthoseintheautoindustryare
joiningmillionsoffamilieswhomustworryaboutinterestrates,stockmarketfluctuation,and
hofthepastyear,
PresidentBushcampaignedtomoveSocialSecuritytoasaving-accountmodel,withretirees
tradingmuchoralloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentreturns.
Foryoungerfamilies,eabsolutecostofhealthcareandthe
shareofitbornebyfamilieshaverisen–andnewlyfashionablehealth-savingsplansare
spreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-Martworkers,withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalarge
newdoseofinvestmentriskforfamilies’mographicsareworking
againstthemiddleclassfamily,astheoddsofhavingaweakelderlyparent–andallthe
attendantneedforphysicalandfinancialassistance–havejumpedeightfoldinjustone
generation.
Fromthemiddle-classfamilyperspective,muchofthis,understandably,looksfarlesslike
anopportunitytoexercisemorefinancialresponsibility,andagooddealmorelikeafrightening
accelerationofthewholesaleshiftoffinancialriskontotheiralreadyoverburdenedshoulders.
Thefinancialfallouthasbegun,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.
’sdouble-incomefamiliesareatgreaterfinancialriskinthat
[A]thesafetynettheyusedtoenjoyhasdisappeared.
[B]theirchancesofbeinglaidoffhavegreatlyincreased.
[C]theyaremorevulnerabletochangesinfamilyeconomics.
[D]theyaredeprivedofunemploymentordisabilityinsurance.
ultofPresidentBush’sreform,retiredpeoplemayhave
[A]ahighersenseofsecurity.
[B]lesssecuredpayments.
[C]lesschancetoinvest.
[D]aguaranteedfuture.
ingtotheauthor,health-savingsplanswill
-8-
[A]helpreducethecostofhealthcare.
[B]popularizeamongthemiddleclass.
[C]compensateforthereducedpensions.
[D]increasethefamilies’investmentrisk.
einferredfromthelastparagraphthat
[A]financialriskstendtooutweighpoliticalrisks.
[B]themiddleclassmayfacegreaterpoliticalchallenges.
[C]financialproblemsmaybringaboutpoliticalproblems.
[D]financialresponsibilityisanindicatorofpoliticalstatus.
fthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext?
[A]TheMiddleClassontheAlert
[B]TheMiddleClassontheCliff
[C]TheMiddleClassinConflict
[D]TheMiddleClassinRuins
Text4
bossesandboardshavefinallysortedouttheirworst
accountingandcompliancetroubles,andimprovedtheirfeeblecorporationgovernance,anew
problemthreatenstoearnthem–especiallyinAmerica–thesortofnastyheadlinesthat
inevitablyleadtoheadsrollingintheexecutivesuite:,untilnow,toodd,
low-levelITstafftoputright,andseenasaconcernonlyofdata-richindustriessuchasbanking,
telecomsandairtravel,informationprotectionisnowhighontheboss’sagendainbusinessesof
everyvariety.
Severalmassiveleakagesofcustomerandemployeedatathisyear–fromorganizationsas
diverseasTimeWarner,theAmericandefensecontractorScienceApplicationsInternational
CorpandeventheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley–haveleftmanagershurriedlypeeringinto
theirintricateITsystemsandbusinessprocessesinsearchofpotentialvulnerabilities.
“Dataisbecominganassetwhichneedstobeguardedasmuchasanyotherasset,”says
HaimMendelsonofStanfordUniversity’sbusinessschool.“Theabilitytoguardcustomerdatais
thekeytomarketvalue,whichtheboardisresponsibleforonbehalfofshareholders.”Indeed,
justasthereistheconceptofGenerallyAcceptedAccountingPrinciples(GAAP),perhapsitis
timeforGASP,GenerallyAcceptedSecurityPractices,suggestedEliNoamofNewYork’s
ColumbiaBusinessSchool.“Settingtheproperinvestmentlevelforsecurity,redundancy,and
recoveryisamanagementissue,notatechnicalone,”hesays.
itshouldbeobvious
tothedimmestexecutivethattrust,thatmostvaluableofeconomicassets,iseasilydestroyed
andhugelyexpensivetorestore–andthatfewthingsaremorelikelytodestroytrustthana
companylettingsensitivepersonaldatagetintothewronghands.
-9-
Thecurrentstateofaffairsmayhavebeenencouraged–thoughnotjustified–bythelackof
legalpenalty(inAmerica,butnotEurope)aliforniarecentlypasseda
law,Americanfirmsdidnothavetotellanyone,eventhevictim,
maychangefast:lotsofproposeddata-securitylegislationisnowdoingtheroundsin
Washington,ile,thetheftofinformationaboutsome40millioncredit-card
accountsinAmerica,disclosedonJune17
th
,overshadowedahugelyimportantdecisionaday
earlierbyAmerica’sFederalTradeCommission(FTC)thatputscorporateAmericaonnoticethat
regulatorswillactiffirmsfailtoprovideadequatedatasecurity.
tement“Itneverrainsbutitpours”isusedtointroduce
[A]thefiercebusinesscompetition.
[B]thefeebleboss-boardrelations.
[C]thethreatfromnewsreports.
[D]theseverityofdataleakage.
ingtoParagraph2,someorganizationschecktheirsystemstofindout
[A]whetherthereisanyweakpoint.
[B]whatsortofdatahasbeenstolen.
[C]whoisresponsiblefortheleakage.
[D]howthepotentialspiescanbelocated.
ginguptheconceptofGASPtheauthorismakingthepointthat
[A]shareholders’interestsshouldbeproperlyattendedto.
[B]informationprotectionshouldbegivendueattention.
[C]businessesshouldenhancetheirlevelofaccountingsecurity.
[D]themarketvalueofcustomerdatashouldbeemphasized.
ingtoParagraph4,whatpuzzlestheauthoristhatsomebossesfailto
[A]seethelinkbetweentrustanddataprotection.
[B]perceivethesensitivityofpersonaldata.
[C]realizethehighcostofdatarestoration.
[D]appreciatetheeconomicvalueoftrust.
einferredfromParagraph5that
[A]dataleakageismoresevereinEurope.
[B]FTC’sdecisionisessentialtodatasecurity.
[C]Californiatakestheleadinsecuritylegislation.
[D]legalpenaltyisamajorsolutiontodataleakage.
-10-
PartB
Directions:
Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutwhatparentsaresupposedtodotoguide
aheadingfromthelistA—Gthatbestfitsthemeaningof
eachnumberedpartofthetext(41-45).Thefirstandlastparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.
uranswersonANSWER
SHEET1.(10points)
odExampleforYourKids
ourKids’WorkSkills
imeLimitsonLeisureActivities
outtheFutureonaRegularBasis
dsDevelopCopingStrategies
urKidsFigureOutWhoTheyAre
ourKids’SenseofResponsibility
HowCanaParentHelp?
Mothersandfatherscandoalottoensureasafelandinginearlyadulthoodfortheirkids.
Evenifajob’sstartingsalaryseemstoosmalltosatisfyanemergingadult’sneedforrapid
content,thetransitionfromschooltoworkcanbelessofasetbackifthestart-upadultisready
eafewmeasures,drawnfrommybookReadyorNot,HereLifeComes,
thatparentscantaketopreventwhatIcall“work-lifeunreadiness.”
大41家
icallyreviewtheiremerging
strengthsandweaknesseswiththemandworktogetheronanyshortcomings,likedifficultyin
,identifythekindsofintereststheykeepcomingback
to,astheseoffercluestothecareersthatwillfitthembest.
大42家
Kidsneedarangeofauthenticrolemodels–asopposedtomembersoftheirclique,pop
gulardinner-tablediscussionsaboutpeoplethefamilyknows
sthejoysanddownsidesofyourowncareerand
kedwhattheywantto
do,theyshouldbediscouragedfromsaying“Ihavenoidea.”Theycanchangetheirminds200
times,buthavingonlyafoggyviewofthefutureisoflittlegood.
大43家
Teachersareresponsibleforteachingkidshowtolearn;parentsshouldberesponsiblefor
responsibilitiesaroundthehouseandmakesurehomework
-11-
edplentyofpractice
delayinggratificationanddeployingeffectiveorganizationalskills,suchasmanagingtimeand
settingpriorities.
大44家
rsofwatchingTVshowswith
ametime,
listeningthroughearphonestothesamemonotonousbeatsforlongstretchesencourageskidsto
seactivitiescanpreventthe
growthofimportantcommunicationandthinkingskillsandmakeitdifficultforkidstodevelop
thekindofsustainedconcentrationtheywillneedformostjobs.
大45家
Theyshouldknowhowtodealwithsetbacks,
shouldalsolearnhowtosolveproblemsandresolveconflicts,waystobrainstormandthink
sionsathomecanhelpkidspracticedoingthesethingsandhelpthemapply
theseskillstoeverydaylifesituations.
Whataboutthesonordaughterwhoisgrownbutseemstobestrugglingandwandering
aimlesslythroughearlyadulthood?Parentsstillhaveamajorroletoplay,butnowitismore
ould
exhibitstronginterestandrespectforwhatevercurrentlyintereststheirfledgingadult(asnaive
orillconceivedasitmayseem)whilebecomingapartnerinexploringoptionsforthefuture.
Mostofall,thesenewadultsmustfeelthattheyarerespectedandsupportedbyafamilythat
appreciatesthem.
PartC
Directions:
Readthefollowi
translationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)
Thestudyoflawhasbeenrecognizedforcenturiesasabasicintellectualdisciplinein
r,onlyinrecentyearshasitbecomeafeatureofundergraduate
programsinCanadianuniversities.(46)Traditionally,legallearninghasbeenviewedinsuch
institutionsasthespecialpreserveoflawyers,ratherthananecessarypartoftheintellectual
y,theolderandmorecontinentalviewoflegal
educationisestablishingitselfinanumberofCanadianuniversitiesandsomehaveevenbegun
toofferundergraduatedegreesinlaw.
Ifthestudyoflawisbeginningtoestablishitselfaspartandparcelofageneraleducation,
disciplinewhich
nehand,itprovidesopportunitiestoanalyzesuch
ideasasjustice,democracyandfreedom.(47)Ontheother,itlinkstheseconceptstoeveryday
realitiesinamannerwhichisparalleltothelinksjournalistsforgeonadailybasisastheycover
-12-
mple,notionsofevidenceandfact,ofbasicrightsandpublic
interestareatworkintheprocessofjournalisticjudgmentandproductionjustasincourtsoflaw.
Sharpeningjudgmentbyabsorbingandreflectingonlawisadesirablecomponentofa
journalist’sintellectualpreparationforhisorhercareer.
(48)Buttheideathatthejournalistmustunderstandthelawmoreprofoundlythanan
ordinarycitizenrestsonanunderstandingoftheestablishedconventionsandspecial
csor,morebroadly,thefunctioningofthestate,isa
terinformedtheyareaboutthewaythestateworks,the
bettertheirreportingwillbe.(49)Infact,itisdifficulttoseehowjournalistswhodonothavea
cleargraspofthebasicfeaturesoftheCanadianConstitutioncandoacompetentjobonpolitical
stories.
Furthermore,thelegalsystemandtheeventswhichoccurwithinitareprimarysubjectsfor
hequalityoflegaljournalismvariesgreatly,thereisanunduereliance
amongstmanyjournalistsoninterpretationssuppliedtothembylawyers.(50)Whilecomment
andreactionfromlawyersmayenhancestories,itispreferableforjournaliststorelyontheir
anonlycomefroma
well-groundedunderstandingofthelegalsystem.
SectionIII
PartA
Writing
ions:
Writealettertoyouuniversitylibrary,makingsuggestionsforimprovingitsservice.
Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.
“LiMing”instead.
Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)
PartB
ions:
essay,youshould
1)describethedrawingbriefly,
2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen
3)supportyourviewwithanexample/examples.
YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)
-13-
-14-
2007年考研英语真题答案解析
SectionⅠUseofEnglish
1.【答案】[B]
【解析】词义辨析题,s本地人;tant居民;s民族;
duals个体。本文首句指出:到了1830年,原来的西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地变成了
独立国家。本句解释了这些居住在摆脱殖民地地位而独立的国家的人们对于未来的态度。这
里的这里没有限定范围是“本地人”,也没有提及不同的民族,更没有强调个体差异,因此
排除其他选项。
2.【答案】[D]
【解析】词汇辨析题。edly困惑地;ully高兴的;d担
心的;lly充满期待地从首句已知这些国家的居民摆脱了西班牙和葡萄牙的殖民统
治,虽然文中没有提到独立的过程,但是历史告诉我们,殖民地人们要求独立的愿望是一直
存在的,是迫切的,由此可以判断,成立独立国家是殖民地人们的愿望,因此居民们对未来
充满了期待,故选择hopefully合适。
3.【答案】[A]
【解析】逻辑关系题。共有;忘记;ed获得;ed
拒绝。本题所在的句子介绍了这些新独立国家的领导人们的治国理念。首先提到了许多领导
人们在治国理念中达成共识的部分,这由本句和下一句的内容及第二段首句中的less
agreement得到印证,先指出领导人之间理念上的相同之处,再指出他们之间存在的分歧,
sharedtheideas符合上下文逻辑关系,故为答案。
4.【答案】[C]
【解析】语义辨析题。d相关的;接近的;开着的;d
投入的。本句提到的新国家领导人共同的治国理念包括议会制政府等。由这里的
representativegovernment,freedomofcommerceandtrade可以看出,这些都是先进
的民主的治国方略,故此处的careers应为“向人才开放的职业”,这样才能让人们人尽其
才,发挥自己的作用。其他三项都可以与介词to搭配使用,但放在此外,不符合上下文语
义衔接关系。
5.【答案】[C]
【解析】语义辨析题。to接近;sionto继承;o的权利;
to返回。从前面的“议会制政府”,“向人才开放的职业”,“商业和贸易自由”
可以看出这里提到的是推动国家进步和发展,充分调动人们积极性的另一个理念“人们对私
有财产的所有权”,故此处选择right.6.[答案][D][分析]词汇辨析题。ably
大概的;ntally偶然的;sly显然的;lly普遍的。因为这里没
有表示与前一句内容相反或转折的信号词,可以判断本句承接上一句内容而来,继续介绍新
的独立国家领导人都认同的理念。这里generally表示出后面内容是大家普遍的观点,符合
15
这里的语义衔接关系,故为答案。
7.【答案】[B]
【解析】词汇辨析题。唯一的;普通的;ular特殊的;
l典型的本句意为:他们普遍认为新国家应该是独立的主权国家,足够大,能够在
经济上切实可行,由一套共同法律让各个新的独立国家联合起来。句中提到integrate,既
然是“联合”,各国应该遵循一套共同的法律,故common符合文意。
8.【答案】[A]
【解析】语义辨析题。m自由;起源;影响;
改革……本句涉及到领导人对待宗教的态度。从后面的内容可以看出领导人对尊哪种宗教信
仰一种宗教,而禁止人们信仰其他宗教产生分歧,因此可以看出这里谈论的是宗教自由和教
会地位的问题,这里的freedomofreligion和thepositionofthechurch为并列关系。
9.【答案】[B]
【解析】逻辑关系题。ore因此;r然而;的确;er
而且。第一段最后两句介绍了新成立的独立国家领导人之间在治国理念方面的共识,这里提
到的是他们之间存在的分歧,显然两部分之间为转折关系,故使用however.本题误选在于
没有正确判断本句和前文之间的逻辑关系。
10.【答案】[C]
【解析】词汇辨析题。和…;有关;在…之中;通过。
本句表明各国领导人之间在宗教问题方面不那么有默契了,among表示“在……之间”,这
里amongtheleadersship表范围。其他几个介词与后面内容搭配作状语时,都不表示范围。
11.【答案】[C]
【解析】词汇辨析题。d准许;ed宣扬;d承认;
资助本句对首句内容进行解释说明,指出罗马天主教过去在西班牙的地位:是西班牙国教,
是唯一得到西班牙王室承认的。由句中的only可判断,西班牙王室只承认罗马天主教。各
个选项中只有grant有“承认”之意,故为答案。
12.【答案】[D]
【解析】逻辑关系题。因为;如果;除非;而。分
析本句句意可以看出,前后两部分谈论的是领导人的两种不同观点:多数人致力于人保留天
主教为新国家的官方宗教,一些领导人致力于终结不能有其他宗教信仰的状况。显然前后两
部分之间存在对比关系,故使用While表示对比。本句前后两部分之间无假设关系和因果关
系,因此排除其他选项。
13.【答案】[A]
【解析】固定搭配题。作为;为了;在……之下;t
反对。前一句提到罗马天主教为西班牙国教,本句承接前一句,指出大多数领导人希望保留
天主教为官方宗教信仰,显然这里astheofficialreligionofthenewstates是方式状
语,与maintain搭配使用,符合语意关系。
16
14.【答案】[C]
【解析】词汇辨析题。传播;erence干涉;ion排除;
ed承诺。本句提到一些领导人与众不同的观点:结束不允许有其他宗教信仰的状
况。可见,两拨人的观点截然不同,exclusion用在此处符合语境。这里使用spread,
interference和influence与前面内容均不构成转折关系。
15.【答案】[B]
【解析】固定搭配题。t支持;哭喊;恳请;希望。
本句与前一句内容有隐含的因果关系,这是由于一些领导人主张允许信仰其他宗教,因此保
卫教会成为保守势力的战斗口号。这里rallyingcry为固定搭配。
16.【答案】[D]
【解析】固定搭配题。本句是对该段首句主题句的解释。从句中的inreturn可以看
出,海地对玻利瓦尔的帮助并非无条件的,其条件就是后者承诺废除奴隶制度。这里
promisetodosth.意为“答应做某事”。
17.【答案】[B]
【解析】语义辨析题。lling正在统治的;原来的;ing
遗留的;al原始的。本句提到到1854年为止,其他地区都废除了了奴隶制,只剩
余西班牙的某些殖民地。如果选择remaining,则这里意为“西班牙残存的殖民地”,显然
与文章第一段提到的“到1830年,原来的西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地都变成了独立的国家”相
矛盾,因为这些国家之前都已独立,因此应选[B],指西班牙的前殖民地国家。
18.【答案】[A]
【解析】语义辨析题。较慢;较快;较容易;r
较难。上文提到玻利瓦尔承诺废除奴隶制,到1854年除了前西班牙殖民地外,其他地区都
已废除奴隶制,本题所在句子指出了与此相反的情况:由于新独立的国家仍然需要这些政策
所带来的收入,因此,停止印地安人上贡和对混血人种征税的早期承诺实现得颇为···。
根据上下文可知,此处是说这个承诺实现得缓慢,不像废除奴隶制那样快,因此,答案为[A]。
19.【答案】[B]
【解析】词汇辩析题。d创建;ed产生,生产;buted
有助于;ed更喜欢。本题所在部分意为“新国家仍然需要这些政策所带来的税收
收入”,这些税收收入是这些policies带来的,这里使用produce意思相近,但后者有“产
生,带来”之意,前者并无此意,排除。
20.【答案】[D]
【解析】词汇辨析题。dby困惑;eto敌对;isticto悲
观;aredto未准备好。本段前文一直在提人人平等,最后一句指出一种担心情绪:
大众未对自治和民主做好准备。由于新的独立国家的人们刚刚摆脱了殖民统治,因此人们还
17
没有充分了解和熟悉自治和民主,这里使用unpreparedfor符合语境。
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
PartA
Text1
21.【答案】[C]
【解析】结构题。首段提到一个怪现象:出色的足球运动员更可能出生在一年内的
前几个月而不是后几个月。在提出该现象之后,作者在该段未对其做进一步解释说明。这是
典型的英文文章开篇模式,通过引用或举例的方式引出文章主题,显然作者介绍这一现象是
为了引出下面的主题,因此因该在后的内容中寻找答案。通过浏览后面的内容可知,Ericsson
和他的同事们致力于研究不同领域的技艺精湛的从业者取得成就的原因,作者在全文末段给
出答案。因此可以判断提到的怪现象是用来引出主题,故[C]为答案。
22.【答案】[B]
【解析】识词题。第二段介绍了对首段提到的怪现象的四种推断性的解释,其中第
三个解释中首先出现了soccer-madparents一词,既然是对足球疯狂的父母,那么他们选择
在出现足球狂热的季节孕育孩子也不足为奇了,此处的soccermania与soccermad意思一致,
考生可通过词汇复现这一线索解题。
23.【答案】[A]
【解析】细节题。在第三段Ericsson给出一个有关记忆的例子,然后在第四段对该
题研究进行了说明。第二句明确指出好的记忆力是不天生的,而是由个人解码信息能力的强
弱决定的,这与[A]意思一致,故该项为答案。
24.【答案】[D]
【解析】细节题。末段最后一句对Ericsson及其同事的研究结论进行了总结:那些
技艺精湛的从业者,无论记忆路超群者,还是专家级外科医生,无论是卓越的芭蕾舞演员还
是出色的计算机程序员,他们几乎都是后天练就的,而非天生的。[D]正是对该部分内容
的归纳概括,故为答案。
25.【答案】[C]
【解析】主旨题。本题是一个典型的中心思想题,与以往考查形式不同的是,这里
需要用一个常见成语对全文主旨进行归纳。开篇由优秀的足球运动员出生月份这个话题引出
Ericsson对成功是基于天生还是后天这个问题的研究。第三段用一个记忆数字的例子说明
练习的重要性。全文末段的出研究结论:那些取得巨大成就的人都是后天练就的,并非天生
的。由此可以看出本文的主旨是成就是靠后天的勤奋,即不断的训练和练习取得的,[C]
意为“熟能生巧”,与作者传递的信息一致,故为答案。
18
Text2
26.【答案】[D]
【解析】细节题。该题目提问智力测试的内容,定位在文章首段,首句。智商测试
让你完成语言和视觉类推。因此,D对verbal和visualanalogies进行了解释,故为正确
答案。
27.【答案】[C]
【解析】推断题。该题目要推断第三段含义。找到主题句,第二句IQ测试的两种形
式:一是斯坦福-比奈智力量化表,二是温切斯特智力量化表。因此,两个版本内容不同。
故选C.
28.【答案】[A]
【解析】细节题。文章第三段,倒数第二句:象vosSavant那样的超高分数不可能
再出现,因为现在的记分建立在同龄人的人口分布统计数字的基础上。而不仅仅是用智力年
龄除以生理年龄再乘以100.可见,积分方式的变化是不会出现高分的原因。故选A.
29.【答案】[A]
【解析】推断题。文章尾段第三句提到:一旦人口或情况发生变化,智商测试就可
能不准确。随后论证:当智商测试在压力小的环境中,能预测领导能力。在压力大的环境中,
智商与领导力负相关,即,预测的内容正好相反。故选A.
30.【答案】[B]
【解析】主旨题。文章尾段暗示了作者的观点。该段第三句作者认为传统的测试对
人的某方面能力没有考察到,同时认为测试结果依赖于环境。因此B怀疑态度。
Text3
31.【答案】[C]
【解析】推断题。第二段提到,家庭夫妻的双薪的副作用,家庭风险提高了。随后,
作出解释,以前家庭主要经济支柱失业了或生病了,在家的另一方可以进入劳动力市场。但
是现在,在这种情况下,家庭财富的中断不能得到弥补。因此,家庭易受经济变化影响。故
选C.
32.【答案】[B]
【解析】细节题。第三段提到布什总统的计划:布什总统致力于将社会保障转换成储
备帐户模式,让退休人员将有保障的退休金变成依赖于投资回报率的退休金。这里B是对部
分内容的概括。
19
33.【答案】[D]
【解析】细节题。第三段提到医疗储备计划,减免的部分增加了,会出现一些新的大
的家庭未来的医疗投资风险,故选D.
34.【答案】[C]
【解析】推断题。在末段发表观点:经济上的不良后果开始出现,政治负面影响可
能也不远了。由此可推断,作者认为经济问题解决不好必将导致政治问题。故选C.
35.【答案】[B]
【解析】主旨题。本题是标题型主旨大意题。作者在第二和第三段阐述了中产阶级
家庭的经济风险,退休金风险和医疗保障风险增大。风险让这些家庭更加疲惫。文中多次出
现risk一词,表明这些风险对中产阶级是雪上加霜。这与B中的onthecliff(在悬崖边上)
语义相同。
Text4
36.【答案】[D]
【解析】结构题。文中第一段的例子对应的论点是第二段的内容。这里的倾盆大雨
是指美国公司遇到的新的麻烦:数据安全问题。故D正确。
37.【答案】[A]
【解析】细节题。文章第二段尾句:企业老板们面对数据泄露问题采取的措施是:
经理们赶紧盯着他们复杂的IT系统和商业流程,以搜索可能存在的安全缺陷。因此A正确。
38.【答案】[B]
【解析】推断题。文章第三段提出EliNoam的观点:为数据安全、备份、恢复设立
适当的投资标准是一个管理问题,不是技术问题。因此,他认为公司老板不重视数据的管理。
综上所述,B为正确答案。
39.【答案】[A]
【解析】推断题。文章第四段第二句为主题句。信任是最有价值的经济资产,它很
容易被毁掉,而修复信任需要花费巨资。没有什么能比一家公司让敏感的个人数据流到别有
用心的人手里更能毁掉信任的了。因此,A为正确答案。
40.【答案】[D]
【解析】推断题。文章尾段首句为主题句,现在这种状况,虽然不合理,可能会由于
缺乏对数据泄露的法律制裁而加剧。由此可以推断,法律制裁对于数据泄露的必要性。故选
D.
20
PartB
41.【答案】[F]。
【解析】第二段全段没有转折词,末句出现了Also,可见该段前后内容一致,为递
进关系。末句中出现代词they和them,指代首段提到的孩子,他有什么兴趣,最适合什么,
因该是帮助孩子了解他们自身的优缺点,改正缺点。只有了解了自己是什么人,才知道自己
适合什么。我们通过对该段中代词的把握以及对最后一个句子中提到的兴趣种类就可以判断
41题选[F]。
42.【答案】[D]。
【解析】42题考生很容易错选成[A],这是因为首句提到rolemodel,这与[A]
中的goodexample一致。但是小标题的选择应该是对段落的整体把握,不是只关注部分细节
内容。首句提到榜样之后,后面都没有谈到这一内容。显然该段主旨并榜样问题。后面内容
中反复出现的一个关键是future,指出家长和孩子们要定期讨论对未来的设想,显然[D]
为答案。
43.【答案】[B]。
【解析】本题所在段首句为主题句,指出父母应该教给孩子怎样工作。后面具体解
释如何教会孩子们工作:给孩子分配家务,鼓励十几岁的孩子做兼职等。通过这些方式让孩
子学会工作的技能。[B]是对主题句的同义转述,是对后细节内容的高度概括,故为答案。
44.【答案】[C]。
【解析】本段未出现明显的主题句,但全段都是在谈论一些娱乐性的业余生活的危
害,作者提到玩电子游戏、长时间的看电视剧、长时间的用耳机听音乐等活动会妨碍重要的
沟通和思考能力的发展,影响持续的注意力发展。结合首段内容可知,这里作者是向家长提
建议,指出如何帮助孩子为未来的工作做好准备。虽然本段没有明确指出应该采取何种措施,
由这里提到的危害可限制,这样才不会影响他某些方面能力的发展,故[C]为答案。
45.【答案】[E]。
【解析】本段提到孩子们需要某种节能,处理各种状况。第一、二句中出现dealwith,
solve,resolve等词,表示孩子们需要应对、解决某些问题。由此可以推断,作者在本段
中提到的是处理和应对各种情况的技能,这与[E]中的copingstrategies不谋而合,故
该项为答案。
PartC
21
46.传统上,这些院校一直把学习法律看作是律师专有的特权,而不是一个受过教育的
人必备的的知识才能。
47.另一方面,如同记者每天在报道和评论新闻时会与生活建立起联系那样,法律把公
正、民主和自由这些概念和日常实践联系在一起。
48.但是,新闻记者必须比普通公民更为深刻的理解法律,这种观点是基于对新闻媒体
的即定惯例和特殊职责的理解。
49.事实上,我们很难想象,对加拿大宪法的基本特征缺乏清楚把握的记者如何能胜任
政治方面的报道。
50.尽管律师提供的评论和反馈可能会增加报道的深度,但记者最好还是依靠自己的理
解,并做出自己的判断。
SectionⅢWriting
PartA
Towhomitmayconcern,Asaseniorstudentoftheuniversity,Iamwritingthe
lettertomakesomesuggestionsforimprovingtheserviceofouruniversitylibrary.
Onthewhole,Ithinkourlibraryfunctionsprettywell,butitsserviceisfar
y,itisquiteconvenienttoarrangeaninquirydeskat
thecirculationhall,whichenablesthestudentstoaskquestionswhenever
,withthehelpofaprofessionallibrarian,studentscangothrough
tion,itwouldbemosthelpfulifthestudents
,you'dbettermaintain
entlyfoundmyselfDisturbedbycertain
studentschattingandsmokingthere.
ItismysincerehopethatyouwilltakemyadviceintoconsiderationandIhold
thatitwillbenefitboththestudentsandtheuniversityfacultyaswell.
Sincerelyyours,
LiMing
PartB
22
Howimpressivethecartoonisindescribingoneofthemostcritical
characteristicpersonalitiesconcerningconfidence!Thiscartoondepictsapicture
yerisgoingtokick
theballwhilethegoalkeeperisstandinginfrontofagoal,
ikermagnifiesthegoalkeeperin
se,thegoalkeeperminimizes
hisownimageasifhecouldn'sly,bothofthe
playersinthepicturedon'thaveenoughconfidenceandifyouhavelittleconfidence,
howcanyouachieveyourgoalinlife?
Thepurposeofthepictureistoemphasizetheimportanceofself-confidence
iefof
whatonecanachieveandsucceedoftenspellsthedifferencebetweensuccessand
untofthefastpaceoflife,competitiongoesincreasinglyfierce
inallwalksoflife,tfew
yearshavewitnessedgreatincreaseinthedifficultyofexaminationsand
mustmaintainpowerfulself-confidenceandoptimismintheface
encecanbeshownintheperformance
causeofhisSelf-confidencethat
henevershrinksinfrontofotherexperiencedplayersandworkswondersagainand
ontrary,someathletesdowellineverydaytraining,butwhenfacing
otherpeopletheyfailtopresentthebestofthemselvesforthelackof
ayinggoes,confidenceisthefirststeptosuccess!Only
bybuildingstrongself-confidencecanwemoveclosertoourdreams.s,confidence
isthefirststeptosuccess!Onlybybuildingstrongself-confidencecanwemove
irststeptosuccess!Onlybybuildingstrong
self-confidencecanwemoveclosertoourdreams.s,confidenceisthefirststep
tosuccess!Onlybybuildingstrongself-confidencecanwemoveclosertoourdreams.
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