2024年3月19日发(作者：道清卓)

《中国古代社会与文化综合教程》1-5单元翻译练习

Unit 1

1. 远古时代，四根擎天大柱倾倒，九州大地裂毁，天不能覆盖整个大地，大地也无法承载万

物，大火蔓延不熄，洪水泛滥不止，猛兽吞食善良的百姓。这时，女娲冶炼五色石来修补苍

天裂隙。她砍断海中巨鳌的脚来做撑起四方的天柱，杀死黑龙来拯救百姓，堆积芦灰以抵御

洪水。女娲的丰功伟绩，造福上天和大地，名声流传后世。（145 words）

Unit 1

1.【译文】In ancient times, the four corners of the sky collapsed and the world with its nine regions

split open. The sky could not cover the whole earth, nor could the earth carry all the things on it. A

great fire raged and would not die out; a fierce flood raced about and could not be checked.

Savage beasts devoured innocent people. Then Nuwa melted rocks of five colors to mend the

cracks in the sky. She supported the four corners of the sky with the legs she had cut off from a

giant turtle. She killed the black dragon to save the people and blocked the flood with the ashes of

reeds. Nuwa’s deeds benefited the heavens above and the Earth below. Her name was remembered

by later generations. （129 words）

2. 根据传说，伏羲生于中国西部，出生之前在其母腹中孕育了12年。伏羲教会了人类打猎、

捕鱼、驯养野兽、饲养家禽。伏羲还教会人们劈柴取火和烹煮食物；他还通过龟背上的裂纹

创立了八卦(Eight Trigrams)，这些八卦成为数学、医学、占卜学(divination) 和风水(geomancy)

的基础。此外，伏羲创造了中华民族的图腾(totem)龙，他被认为是中国历史上第一个真正的

统治者。（149 words）

2.【译文】According to legend, Fuxi was born in the west part of China. He was carried in his

mother’s womb for twelve years before birth. He taught people how to hunt, fish, tame animals

and breed their fowls. He also taught people how to split wood, kindle/light a fire and cook food.

He devised the Eight Trigrams, which was based upon markings on tortoise shells. These trigrams

served as the basis for later development of mathematics, medicine, divination and geomancy.

Furthermore, he created the Chinese dragon as the totem of the nation and he was considered as

the first real ruler.（101 words）

Unit 2

1. 儒家思想基本上是一个人文体系，注重人和社会结构，而道家则提倡自然，与道和谐共处。

尽管老子和孔子之间有分歧，道家和儒家对于人、社会和宇宙却有着共同的看法，虽然这些

理念早已存在。儒家和道家思想在中国并存了2000多年, 他们作为精神向导引领中国经历

了漫长历史上的高峰和低谷。两者后来都被赋予了宗教色彩。（144 words）

2. Unit 2

1. 【译文】Confucianism is basically a humanistic system focusing on human beings and the social

structure, while Taoism advocates being natural and living in harmony with the Tao. Regardless of

the disagreements between Lao-tzu and Confucius, Taoism and Confucianism share common

beliefs about man, society, and the universe, although these notions were around long before either

philosophy. Confucianism and Taoism have existed simultaneously in China for well over 2,000

years, serving as spiritual guides and leading China through the peaks and valleys of its vast

history. Both later took on religious overtones. （90 words）

2. 中国哲学有着几千年的历史，其起源可以追溯到《易经》，其中涉及到一些最重要的中国

哲学概念。一直以来中国哲学的核心就是对人与社会的现实关注、如何过理想的生活，以及

如何去组织社会。中国哲学的另一个特征是反映了自然和自我，因而产生了天人合一、人在

天地之间的位置，以及对差异（differentiation）和变化的阐释。(141 words)2.

【译文】Chinese philosophy has a history of several thousand years; its origins are often traced

back to the I Ching (the Book of Changes), which introduced some of the most fundamental terms

of Chinese philosophy. The central focus of Chinese philosophy throughout the ages has been a

practical concern with man and society, how to live an ideal life, and how best to organize society.

Another characteristic of Chinese philosophy has been reflections on nature and the self, which

has resulted in the development of themes like unity between man and Heaven, the place of man

in the cosmic （宇宙的） order, and the explanations of differentiation（差异）and change. （115

words）

Unit 3

中国古代的杰出文学遗产之一就是唐诗。那个时期的诗歌含有广泛的题材。有些诗歌反映了

当时社会状况和矛盾，揭示了封建社会的黑暗；有些诗歌歌颂正义的战争，抒发爱国主义情

怀；有些诗歌描绘了故乡的美景。唐诗的形式和风格是丰富多彩和具有创意的。唐诗的产生

和成熟使得古代诗歌的艺术特点达到了前所未有的水平，时至今日仍为人所推崇。(156字)1.

【译文】

One of the excellent literature heritages of ancient China is the Tang poetry. Poetry during that

period contains a wide range of themes. Some reflect the social situations and conflicts at that time

and reveal the darkness of feudal society; some sing the praises of just wars and express patriotic

thought; some depict the beauty of the homeland. The form and style of Tang poetry are colorful

and creative. The creation and maturation of the Tang poetry pushes the artistic features of ancient

verse up to an unprecedented level, which is still favored by people today. （96 words）

1.

2. 《红楼梦》（A Dream of the Red Mansions）是中国文学“四大名著”之一。它写于18世

纪中叶，被认为是中国文学中的杰作(masterpiece)以及中国小说史上的顶峰。该书的非

凡之处不仅是它的情节和人物塑造(characterization)，同时也在于它对当时生活和社会结

构的精确而又细致的描述。几个世纪以来，小说中的许多词句已经融入了中国人的日常

语言， 可见该书经久不衰的魅力。（149 words）

2.【译文】A Dream of the Red Mansions is one of the “Four Great Classical Novels” of Chinese

literature. It was written in the middle of the 18

th

century and considered as a masterpiece of

Chinese literature as well as the peak of Chinese fiction. It is remarkable for not only its plot and

characterization（角色塑造）, but also its precise and detailed description of the life and social

structures of that time. For centuries, a huge number of words and expressions from the novel

have already been incorporated into the daily language of Chinese people, which demonstrates the

ever-lasting charm of the book. （107 words）

2024年3月19日发(作者：道清卓)

《中国古代社会与文化综合教程》1-5单元翻译练习

Unit 1

1. 远古时代，四根擎天大柱倾倒，九州大地裂毁，天不能覆盖整个大地，大地也无法承载万

物，大火蔓延不熄，洪水泛滥不止，猛兽吞食善良的百姓。这时，女娲冶炼五色石来修补苍

天裂隙。她砍断海中巨鳌的脚来做撑起四方的天柱，杀死黑龙来拯救百姓，堆积芦灰以抵御

洪水。女娲的丰功伟绩，造福上天和大地，名声流传后世。（145 words）

Unit 1

1.【译文】In ancient times, the four corners of the sky collapsed and the world with its nine regions

split open. The sky could not cover the whole earth, nor could the earth carry all the things on it. A

great fire raged and would not die out; a fierce flood raced about and could not be checked.

Savage beasts devoured innocent people. Then Nuwa melted rocks of five colors to mend the

cracks in the sky. She supported the four corners of the sky with the legs she had cut off from a

giant turtle. She killed the black dragon to save the people and blocked the flood with the ashes of

reeds. Nuwa’s deeds benefited the heavens above and the Earth below. Her name was remembered

by later generations. （129 words）

2. 根据传说，伏羲生于中国西部，出生之前在其母腹中孕育了12年。伏羲教会了人类打猎、

捕鱼、驯养野兽、饲养家禽。伏羲还教会人们劈柴取火和烹煮食物；他还通过龟背上的裂纹

创立了八卦(Eight Trigrams)，这些八卦成为数学、医学、占卜学(divination) 和风水(geomancy)

的基础。此外，伏羲创造了中华民族的图腾(totem)龙，他被认为是中国历史上第一个真正的

统治者。（149 words）

2.【译文】According to legend, Fuxi was born in the west part of China. He was carried in his

mother’s womb for twelve years before birth. He taught people how to hunt, fish, tame animals

and breed their fowls. He also taught people how to split wood, kindle/light a fire and cook food.

He devised the Eight Trigrams, which was based upon markings on tortoise shells. These trigrams

served as the basis for later development of mathematics, medicine, divination and geomancy.

Furthermore, he created the Chinese dragon as the totem of the nation and he was considered as

the first real ruler.（101 words）

Unit 2

1. 儒家思想基本上是一个人文体系，注重人和社会结构，而道家则提倡自然，与道和谐共处。

尽管老子和孔子之间有分歧，道家和儒家对于人、社会和宇宙却有着共同的看法，虽然这些

理念早已存在。儒家和道家思想在中国并存了2000多年, 他们作为精神向导引领中国经历

了漫长历史上的高峰和低谷。两者后来都被赋予了宗教色彩。（144 words）

2. Unit 2

1. 【译文】Confucianism is basically a humanistic system focusing on human beings and the social

structure, while Taoism advocates being natural and living in harmony with the Tao. Regardless of

the disagreements between Lao-tzu and Confucius, Taoism and Confucianism share common

beliefs about man, society, and the universe, although these notions were around long before either

philosophy. Confucianism and Taoism have existed simultaneously in China for well over 2,000

years, serving as spiritual guides and leading China through the peaks and valleys of its vast

history. Both later took on religious overtones. （90 words）

2. 中国哲学有着几千年的历史，其起源可以追溯到《易经》，其中涉及到一些最重要的中国

哲学概念。一直以来中国哲学的核心就是对人与社会的现实关注、如何过理想的生活，以及

如何去组织社会。中国哲学的另一个特征是反映了自然和自我，因而产生了天人合一、人在

天地之间的位置，以及对差异（differentiation）和变化的阐释。(141 words)2.

【译文】Chinese philosophy has a history of several thousand years; its origins are often traced

back to the I Ching (the Book of Changes), which introduced some of the most fundamental terms

of Chinese philosophy. The central focus of Chinese philosophy throughout the ages has been a

practical concern with man and society, how to live an ideal life, and how best to organize society.

Another characteristic of Chinese philosophy has been reflections on nature and the self, which

has resulted in the development of themes like unity between man and Heaven, the place of man

in the cosmic （宇宙的） order, and the explanations of differentiation（差异）and change. （115

words）

Unit 3

中国古代的杰出文学遗产之一就是唐诗。那个时期的诗歌含有广泛的题材。有些诗歌反映了

当时社会状况和矛盾，揭示了封建社会的黑暗；有些诗歌歌颂正义的战争，抒发爱国主义情

怀；有些诗歌描绘了故乡的美景。唐诗的形式和风格是丰富多彩和具有创意的。唐诗的产生

和成熟使得古代诗歌的艺术特点达到了前所未有的水平，时至今日仍为人所推崇。(156字)1.

【译文】

One of the excellent literature heritages of ancient China is the Tang poetry. Poetry during that

period contains a wide range of themes. Some reflect the social situations and conflicts at that time

and reveal the darkness of feudal society; some sing the praises of just wars and express patriotic

thought; some depict the beauty of the homeland. The form and style of Tang poetry are colorful

and creative. The creation and maturation of the Tang poetry pushes the artistic features of ancient

verse up to an unprecedented level, which is still favored by people today. （96 words）

1.

2. 《红楼梦》（A Dream of the Red Mansions）是中国文学“四大名著”之一。它写于18世

纪中叶，被认为是中国文学中的杰作(masterpiece)以及中国小说史上的顶峰。该书的非

凡之处不仅是它的情节和人物塑造(characterization)，同时也在于它对当时生活和社会结

构的精确而又细致的描述。几个世纪以来，小说中的许多词句已经融入了中国人的日常

语言， 可见该书经久不衰的魅力。（149 words）

2.【译文】A Dream of the Red Mansions is one of the “Four Great Classical Novels” of Chinese

literature. It was written in the middle of the 18

th

century and considered as a masterpiece of

Chinese literature as well as the peak of Chinese fiction. It is remarkable for not only its plot and

characterization（角色塑造）, but also its precise and detailed description of the life and social

structures of that time. For centuries, a huge number of words and expressions from the novel

have already been incorporated into the daily language of Chinese people, which demonstrates the

ever-lasting charm of the book. （107 words）