2024年3月21日发(作者：布如雪)
Chapter 5 转译法Conversion (1)
一、转译法Conversion：
A word in one language belonging to a certain part of speech is not necessarily to be
turned into one of the same part of speech in another language.
二、使用usage
由于英汉表达方式不同，因此在翻译中有些句子不能按照原文逐词翻译，有
些词在译文中需要转换词类，才能使汉语译文通顺自然。比如，英语和汉语相比，
汉语中动词用得比较多，而英语句子往往只有一个谓语动词。例如：
He admires the President’s stated decision to fight for the job.
他对总统声明为保住其职位而决心奋斗表示钦佩。
以上句中，英语的谓语动词只有admires一个词，其他用的是过去分词(past
participle) stated、动词派生名词(noun derived from the verb) decision、不定式
(infinitive) to fight和前置词(preposition) for等。而汉语没有词形变化，但可以几
个动词连用。因此，英语中有许多词类，尤其是名词、前置词、形容词、副词在
英汉翻译时往往可以转换成动词。
又如：
The growing awareness by millions of Africans of their extremely poor and
backward living conditions has prompted them to take resolute measures and
create new ones.
原译：数以百万计的非洲人对于他们非常贫穷落后的生活条件的日益觉醒促
使他们采取坚决的措施，创造新的生活条件。
改译：数以百万计的非洲人已逐渐意识到他们的生活状况异常贫穷落后，这
就促使他们奋起采取坚决的措施创造新的生活条件。
Formality has always characterized their relationship.
他们之间的关系，有一个特点，就是以礼相待。
The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment.
她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪。
The President had prepared meticulously for his journey.
总统为这次出访作了十分周密的准备。
三、词类的转译：
1. 转译为动词：
1) n.---v.
由动词派生的名词：（在政论文体中出现比较多）
The turning point of my life was my decision to give up a promising business
career and study music.
我生活的转折点是我决定不做发迹有望的商人而专攻音乐。
Until 1972, all efforts by the two nations to curb the nucleararms race had
foundered on one point: U.S. insistence on the right to make on-site
inspections of the Soviet strategic arsenal and Russia’s refusal.
1
到1972年为止，美苏之间关于限制核军备竞赛的一切努力都在这一点上
失败了：美国坚持有权视察苏方战略武器现场，而苏联则拒绝这样做。
Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.
火箭已经用来探索宇宙。
含有动作意味的名词：
As the week drew to a close, the enemy rout was complete.
一周快结束时，敌人彻底溃退了。
The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.
看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声，令我特别神往。
A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the
Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial.
从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念馆的全景。
动名词：
One of our ways for getting heat is burning fuels.
我们获得热的一种方式是燃烧燃料。
Heating water does not change its chemical composition.
把水加热不会改变水的化学成分。
The flowing of current first in one direction and then in another makes an
alternating current.
电流先向一个方向流动，然后又向另一个方向流动构成交流电。
加后缀-er的名词，如teacher, thinker。有时这些词在句中并不指其职
业和身份，而含有较强的动作意味。在汉语里没有恰当的对应名词
的时候，往往可以译成动词。
I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better
teacher than I .
我未必会教你游泳。我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。
Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man’s past
wrong doings.
在和儿子谈话时，老人宽恕了年青人过去所干的坏事。
Although he was always the “background” briefer on foreign policy issues,
he could never by identified as anything other than “a White House official”
or “a high Administration source.”
虽然外交问题的“背景情况”总是由他介绍，但他仍只能称为是“一位
白宫官员”或“一位政府高级人士”。（briefer在这里是“汇报者”的意
2
2024年3月21日发(作者：布如雪)
Chapter 5 转译法Conversion (1)
一、转译法Conversion：
A word in one language belonging to a certain part of speech is not necessarily to be
turned into one of the same part of speech in another language.
二、使用usage
由于英汉表达方式不同，因此在翻译中有些句子不能按照原文逐词翻译，有
些词在译文中需要转换词类，才能使汉语译文通顺自然。比如，英语和汉语相比，
汉语中动词用得比较多，而英语句子往往只有一个谓语动词。例如：
He admires the President’s stated decision to fight for the job.
他对总统声明为保住其职位而决心奋斗表示钦佩。
以上句中，英语的谓语动词只有admires一个词，其他用的是过去分词(past
participle) stated、动词派生名词(noun derived from the verb) decision、不定式
(infinitive) to fight和前置词(preposition) for等。而汉语没有词形变化，但可以几
个动词连用。因此，英语中有许多词类，尤其是名词、前置词、形容词、副词在
英汉翻译时往往可以转换成动词。
又如：
The growing awareness by millions of Africans of their extremely poor and
backward living conditions has prompted them to take resolute measures and
create new ones.
原译：数以百万计的非洲人对于他们非常贫穷落后的生活条件的日益觉醒促
使他们采取坚决的措施，创造新的生活条件。
改译：数以百万计的非洲人已逐渐意识到他们的生活状况异常贫穷落后，这
就促使他们奋起采取坚决的措施创造新的生活条件。
Formality has always characterized their relationship.
他们之间的关系，有一个特点，就是以礼相待。
The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment.
她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪。
The President had prepared meticulously for his journey.
总统为这次出访作了十分周密的准备。
三、词类的转译：
1. 转译为动词：
1) n.---v.
由动词派生的名词：（在政论文体中出现比较多）
The turning point of my life was my decision to give up a promising business
career and study music.
我生活的转折点是我决定不做发迹有望的商人而专攻音乐。
Until 1972, all efforts by the two nations to curb the nucleararms race had
foundered on one point: U.S. insistence on the right to make on-site
inspections of the Soviet strategic arsenal and Russia’s refusal.
1
到1972年为止，美苏之间关于限制核军备竞赛的一切努力都在这一点上
失败了：美国坚持有权视察苏方战略武器现场，而苏联则拒绝这样做。
Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.
火箭已经用来探索宇宙。
含有动作意味的名词：
As the week drew to a close, the enemy rout was complete.
一周快结束时，敌人彻底溃退了。
The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.
看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声，令我特别神往。
A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the
Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial.
从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念馆的全景。
动名词：
One of our ways for getting heat is burning fuels.
我们获得热的一种方式是燃烧燃料。
Heating water does not change its chemical composition.
把水加热不会改变水的化学成分。
The flowing of current first in one direction and then in another makes an
alternating current.
电流先向一个方向流动，然后又向另一个方向流动构成交流电。
加后缀-er的名词，如teacher, thinker。有时这些词在句中并不指其职
业和身份，而含有较强的动作意味。在汉语里没有恰当的对应名词
的时候，往往可以译成动词。
I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better
teacher than I .
我未必会教你游泳。我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。
Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man’s past
wrong doings.
在和儿子谈话时，老人宽恕了年青人过去所干的坏事。
Although he was always the “background” briefer on foreign policy issues,
he could never by identified as anything other than “a White House official”
or “a high Administration source.”
虽然外交问题的“背景情况”总是由他介绍，但他仍只能称为是“一位
白宫官员”或“一位政府高级人士”。（briefer在这里是“汇报者”的意
2