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简单句的五种基本句型

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2024年9月18日发(作者:位寒梦)

英语的五种基本句型训练

1.主语 + 系动词 + 表语

这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类:

(1)表示状态的连系动词。这些词有:be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, soun

d, sit, stand, lie, keep, remain, stay,等等。

(2)表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有:become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,

等等.

(3)形容词,名词,现在分词,过去分词,不定式,介词都可以放在某些连系动词后做表

语。

(1)他是一个运动员。 He is an athlete.

(2)长大后他成为一位老师。 He turned/became a teacher when he grew up.

(3)这种食物吃起来很糟糕。 The food tastes terrible.

(5)那种食物已经变质了。 The food has turned bad.

(6) 地上躺着一个人。 A man lies on the ground.

(7)这消息听起来挺鼓舞人心的。The news sounds quite exciting.

(8) 我们对那个结果很满意。We are satisfied with the result.

(9)我的愿望是成为一位作家。My ambition is to be a writer.

(10)我最喜欢的消遣是踢足球。My favorite pastime is playing football.

2. 主语+谓语

(1)这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,这些动词常见的有:take place, happen,

break out, appear, disappear, apologize, arrive, come, die, exist, fall, rise,

hang(可作及物动词或不及物动词)等等。

(2)有些动词如wash, sell, burn,write, clean, draw, cook, read等等可以在后

面加副词表示主语的性质。

(1) 学生们努力学习。 They work hard.

(2)太阳每天从东方升起。The sun rises from the east every day.

(3)他突然停了下来。 He stopped suddenl

y.

(4)我爷爷住在农村。My grandpa lives in the country.

(5)昨天我们学校附近发生了一场车祸。

A traffic accident happened near our school yesterday.

(6) 这次车祸死了两个人。Two persons died in the accident.

1

(7)墙上挂着一幅画。A picture hangs on the wal

l.

(8) 这衣服很容易洗。The clothes wash easily.

(9)这部小说很畅销。The novel sells well.

(10)这笔写起来很流畅。 The pen writes smoothly.

3主语+ 谓语+宾语

这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。作宾语的成分常是:

名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如:

(1)我要一杯茶。 I would like a cup of tea.

(2)你可以把书放在书包里。 You can put your books in the schoolbag.

(3)我昨天看了一部名叫Gone With The Wind的电影。

I watched a film called “Gone With The Wind”.

只能跟不定式做宾语的动词有:

afford,agree,choose,decide,demand,desire,determine, fail,hope,manage,o

ffer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,seek,threaten,wish,arrange,l

earn,etc.

(1)所有男生都喜欢足球。All boys desires to play football.

(2)我想一个人做这项工作。I hope to do the work alone.

动词之后只能跟动名词做宾语:acknowledge(承认),admit,appreciate(感激),avoi

d,consider,delay,deny,dislike,prevent,enjoy,escape,finish,imagine,kee

p,mind,practice,quit(放弃),risk,(can’t)stand,suggest,advise等;

动词短语有: go on,give up,put off,feel like 等。

(1) 你无法想象在这样的环境下生活。You can’t imagine living in the conditions.

(2)你做完作业了吗? Have you finished doing your homework?

(3)我们必须避免再犯这样的错误。

We must avoid making such mistakes again.

(4)你介不介意我在这吸烟? Do you mind me/my smoking here?

(5)我们每天应该在课外练习讲英语。We should pratise speaking english out of cl

ass every day.

4. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语

这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”,直接宾语常常指“物”。这类词常有awar

d, give, offer , bring, buy ,show等

2

这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型:1)动词+ 宾语 + for sb.( buy,);

2)动词 + 宾语+to sb.(give,offer,show)如:

(1)昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车做为生日礼物。(用两种结构各翻译一句)

Her father bought her a new bycicle as her birthday gift.

Her father bought a new bycicle for her as her birthday gift.

(2)请把你的画给我看一下。(用两种结构各翻译一句)

Please show me your picture.

Please show your picture to me.

(3)她把座位让给我。(用两种结构各翻译一句)

She offered me her seat.

She offered her seat to me.

(4)他问了我一个奇怪的问题。

He asked me a strange question.

(5)他给我一个苹果。(用两种结构各翻译一句)

He gave me an apple.

He gave an apple to me.

5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语

所谓宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语内容的。通常放在宾语的后面。如:

The news made me excited. 这里excited 就是me 的宾语补足语。

1)、不定式作宾补

1. 他叫我跟他一起去逛街。 He asked me to go shopping with hi

m.

2. 村民们不允许他们做这。The villagers didn’t allow them to do it.

3. 爸爸警告我不要吸烟。My father warned me not to smok

e.

4. 我期待他能在考试中成功。 I expect him to succeed in the exa

m.

5. 最后一辆公共汽车开走了,我被迫要打的。

The last bus has gone , so I am forced to take a taxi.

6. 他让姐姐帮助他做作业。(get)

He got his elder sister to help with his homwork.

7. 在考试过程中禁止离开课室。(forbid)

3

Students are forbidden to leave the class during exams.

8. 她求他别离开。(beg) She begged him not to leave.

9. 我最终使她改变了主意。I made her change her mind finally.

10. 我听到了他在房间里唱歌。 I heard him sing in his room

11. 我让他打扫了教室。 I let him clean the classroom.

12. 我注意到他走进了那家工厂。 I noticed him go into the factory.

13. 我觉得有东西在我的手臂上爬着(crawl up)。I feel something crawl up my arm.

C . 不定式为to be

在一些动词后面的宾语补足语常是to be或as,如:believe, consider, declare, find,

imagine, know, prove, suppose, feel, think, understand等等。

1. 我认为他是一个好学生。 I think him to be a good student.

2. 我相信他是诚实的。 (believe) I believe him to be honest.

3. 你能想象他成为一名歌星吗? Can you imagine him to be a singstar.

4. 我认为他很蠢。(consider) I consider him to be stupid.

5. 我猜想他是一个好的领导。I suppose him to be a good leader.

2)、分词作宾补

分词作宾语补足语时,如果分词与宾语构成"主谓关系",用现在分词;如果构成"动宾关系",

则用过去分词。常用分词作宾语补足语的动词有:find, feel , get , have , hear , ke

ep , notice , see , watch,make, leave等。

1. 我发现蛇正在吃鸡蛋。I found the snake eating an eg

g. 2. 我发现鸡蛋被蛇吃了。I found

the egg eaten by the snake.

4. 我看到他被人打。 I saw him beaten.

6. 因为我的英语很差,我不能用英语表达我的意思。(make)My english is very poor,

so I cann’t make myself understood in english.

7. 我让别人修理我的车。(have,make,get)I had my car repaired.

10.我让机器整个晚上在运转I have the machine running all night lon

g 12. 我听到我的名字被人叫。 I heard my named called.

14. 老师让学生一直在阅读课文The teacher kept the students reading the text.

15. 我让门锁着。(keep)I kept the door locked.

3)、形容词作宾补

常用形容词作宾补的动词有: keep, leave, find, make, feel, think, consider等

4

1. 学生要保持课室清洁。 Students should keep the classroom clea

n. 2. 不要留着门开着。 Don’t leave the dood open.

3. 我发觉这本书很有趣。 I find the book interesting.

4. 我觉得跟他聊天很有趣。I find chatting with him very interesting.

5. 他把囚犯们都释放了。(set) He set all the prisoners free.

6. 我认为不可能在如此短的时间内完成作业。I don’t think it possible to finish t

he homework in such short time.

4)、名词作宾补

常用名词作宾补的动词有:find, name, call, elect, make, choose 等

1. 我觉得他是一个很聪明的学生。I find him a smart pupil.

2. 我们选他作班长。We elected him monitor.

3. 那对夫妇把孩子命名为约翰。The couple name the child John.

5)、由

as

构成的短语作宾补

常用as构成的短语作宾补的动词有:consider…as, treat…as, regard…as, look on…a

s, have…as, take…as, think of…as等

1. 你决不能认为他是一个自私的人。 2. 他们把我当作是女儿来看待。

3. 我把它当作是一个艰巨的任务。 4. 我们能让谁作校长呢?

5. 她把他说的话看作是称誉(compliment)。(as)

6.There be 句型

此句型是由 there + be + 主语 + 状语构成,用以表达存在有,一种无主语的有。它其实

是倒装的一种情况,主语位于谓语动词 be 之后,there 仅为引导词,并无实际语。Be 与

其后的主语在人称和数量上一致,有时态和情态变化。如,

现在有 there is/are

… 过去有 there was/

were…

将来有 there will be…/there is /are going

可能有 there

肯定有 there must be …/there must

过去一直有 there used to be …

似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be …

碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be …

此句型有时不用be动词,而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive,

等。

5

2024年9月18日发(作者:位寒梦)

英语的五种基本句型训练

1.主语 + 系动词 + 表语

这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类:

(1)表示状态的连系动词。这些词有:be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, soun

d, sit, stand, lie, keep, remain, stay,等等。

(2)表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有:become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,

等等.

(3)形容词,名词,现在分词,过去分词,不定式,介词都可以放在某些连系动词后做表

语。

(1)他是一个运动员。 He is an athlete.

(2)长大后他成为一位老师。 He turned/became a teacher when he grew up.

(3)这种食物吃起来很糟糕。 The food tastes terrible.

(5)那种食物已经变质了。 The food has turned bad.

(6) 地上躺着一个人。 A man lies on the ground.

(7)这消息听起来挺鼓舞人心的。The news sounds quite exciting.

(8) 我们对那个结果很满意。We are satisfied with the result.

(9)我的愿望是成为一位作家。My ambition is to be a writer.

(10)我最喜欢的消遣是踢足球。My favorite pastime is playing football.

2. 主语+谓语

(1)这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,这些动词常见的有:take place, happen,

break out, appear, disappear, apologize, arrive, come, die, exist, fall, rise,

hang(可作及物动词或不及物动词)等等。

(2)有些动词如wash, sell, burn,write, clean, draw, cook, read等等可以在后

面加副词表示主语的性质。

(1) 学生们努力学习。 They work hard.

(2)太阳每天从东方升起。The sun rises from the east every day.

(3)他突然停了下来。 He stopped suddenl

y.

(4)我爷爷住在农村。My grandpa lives in the country.

(5)昨天我们学校附近发生了一场车祸。

A traffic accident happened near our school yesterday.

(6) 这次车祸死了两个人。Two persons died in the accident.

1

(7)墙上挂着一幅画。A picture hangs on the wal

l.

(8) 这衣服很容易洗。The clothes wash easily.

(9)这部小说很畅销。The novel sells well.

(10)这笔写起来很流畅。 The pen writes smoothly.

3主语+ 谓语+宾语

这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。作宾语的成分常是:

名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如:

(1)我要一杯茶。 I would like a cup of tea.

(2)你可以把书放在书包里。 You can put your books in the schoolbag.

(3)我昨天看了一部名叫Gone With The Wind的电影。

I watched a film called “Gone With The Wind”.

只能跟不定式做宾语的动词有:

afford,agree,choose,decide,demand,desire,determine, fail,hope,manage,o

ffer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,seek,threaten,wish,arrange,l

earn,etc.

(1)所有男生都喜欢足球。All boys desires to play football.

(2)我想一个人做这项工作。I hope to do the work alone.

动词之后只能跟动名词做宾语:acknowledge(承认),admit,appreciate(感激),avoi

d,consider,delay,deny,dislike,prevent,enjoy,escape,finish,imagine,kee

p,mind,practice,quit(放弃),risk,(can’t)stand,suggest,advise等;

动词短语有: go on,give up,put off,feel like 等。

(1) 你无法想象在这样的环境下生活。You can’t imagine living in the conditions.

(2)你做完作业了吗? Have you finished doing your homework?

(3)我们必须避免再犯这样的错误。

We must avoid making such mistakes again.

(4)你介不介意我在这吸烟? Do you mind me/my smoking here?

(5)我们每天应该在课外练习讲英语。We should pratise speaking english out of cl

ass every day.

4. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语

这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”,直接宾语常常指“物”。这类词常有awar

d, give, offer , bring, buy ,show等

2

这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型:1)动词+ 宾语 + for sb.( buy,);

2)动词 + 宾语+to sb.(give,offer,show)如:

(1)昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车做为生日礼物。(用两种结构各翻译一句)

Her father bought her a new bycicle as her birthday gift.

Her father bought a new bycicle for her as her birthday gift.

(2)请把你的画给我看一下。(用两种结构各翻译一句)

Please show me your picture.

Please show your picture to me.

(3)她把座位让给我。(用两种结构各翻译一句)

She offered me her seat.

She offered her seat to me.

(4)他问了我一个奇怪的问题。

He asked me a strange question.

(5)他给我一个苹果。(用两种结构各翻译一句)

He gave me an apple.

He gave an apple to me.

5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语

所谓宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语内容的。通常放在宾语的后面。如:

The news made me excited. 这里excited 就是me 的宾语补足语。

1)、不定式作宾补

1. 他叫我跟他一起去逛街。 He asked me to go shopping with hi

m.

2. 村民们不允许他们做这。The villagers didn’t allow them to do it.

3. 爸爸警告我不要吸烟。My father warned me not to smok

e.

4. 我期待他能在考试中成功。 I expect him to succeed in the exa

m.

5. 最后一辆公共汽车开走了,我被迫要打的。

The last bus has gone , so I am forced to take a taxi.

6. 他让姐姐帮助他做作业。(get)

He got his elder sister to help with his homwork.

7. 在考试过程中禁止离开课室。(forbid)

3

Students are forbidden to leave the class during exams.

8. 她求他别离开。(beg) She begged him not to leave.

9. 我最终使她改变了主意。I made her change her mind finally.

10. 我听到了他在房间里唱歌。 I heard him sing in his room

11. 我让他打扫了教室。 I let him clean the classroom.

12. 我注意到他走进了那家工厂。 I noticed him go into the factory.

13. 我觉得有东西在我的手臂上爬着(crawl up)。I feel something crawl up my arm.

C . 不定式为to be

在一些动词后面的宾语补足语常是to be或as,如:believe, consider, declare, find,

imagine, know, prove, suppose, feel, think, understand等等。

1. 我认为他是一个好学生。 I think him to be a good student.

2. 我相信他是诚实的。 (believe) I believe him to be honest.

3. 你能想象他成为一名歌星吗? Can you imagine him to be a singstar.

4. 我认为他很蠢。(consider) I consider him to be stupid.

5. 我猜想他是一个好的领导。I suppose him to be a good leader.

2)、分词作宾补

分词作宾语补足语时,如果分词与宾语构成"主谓关系",用现在分词;如果构成"动宾关系",

则用过去分词。常用分词作宾语补足语的动词有:find, feel , get , have , hear , ke

ep , notice , see , watch,make, leave等。

1. 我发现蛇正在吃鸡蛋。I found the snake eating an eg

g. 2. 我发现鸡蛋被蛇吃了。I found

the egg eaten by the snake.

4. 我看到他被人打。 I saw him beaten.

6. 因为我的英语很差,我不能用英语表达我的意思。(make)My english is very poor,

so I cann’t make myself understood in english.

7. 我让别人修理我的车。(have,make,get)I had my car repaired.

10.我让机器整个晚上在运转I have the machine running all night lon

g 12. 我听到我的名字被人叫。 I heard my named called.

14. 老师让学生一直在阅读课文The teacher kept the students reading the text.

15. 我让门锁着。(keep)I kept the door locked.

3)、形容词作宾补

常用形容词作宾补的动词有: keep, leave, find, make, feel, think, consider等

4

1. 学生要保持课室清洁。 Students should keep the classroom clea

n. 2. 不要留着门开着。 Don’t leave the dood open.

3. 我发觉这本书很有趣。 I find the book interesting.

4. 我觉得跟他聊天很有趣。I find chatting with him very interesting.

5. 他把囚犯们都释放了。(set) He set all the prisoners free.

6. 我认为不可能在如此短的时间内完成作业。I don’t think it possible to finish t

he homework in such short time.

4)、名词作宾补

常用名词作宾补的动词有:find, name, call, elect, make, choose 等

1. 我觉得他是一个很聪明的学生。I find him a smart pupil.

2. 我们选他作班长。We elected him monitor.

3. 那对夫妇把孩子命名为约翰。The couple name the child John.

5)、由

as

构成的短语作宾补

常用as构成的短语作宾补的动词有:consider…as, treat…as, regard…as, look on…a

s, have…as, take…as, think of…as等

1. 你决不能认为他是一个自私的人。 2. 他们把我当作是女儿来看待。

3. 我把它当作是一个艰巨的任务。 4. 我们能让谁作校长呢?

5. 她把他说的话看作是称誉(compliment)。(as)

6.There be 句型

此句型是由 there + be + 主语 + 状语构成,用以表达存在有,一种无主语的有。它其实

是倒装的一种情况,主语位于谓语动词 be 之后,there 仅为引导词,并无实际语。Be 与

其后的主语在人称和数量上一致,有时态和情态变化。如,

现在有 there is/are

… 过去有 there was/

were…

将来有 there will be…/there is /are going

可能有 there

肯定有 there must be …/there must

过去一直有 there used to be …

似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be …

碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be …

此句型有时不用be动词,而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive,

等。

5

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