2024年5月6日发(作者：杨海逸)
Appendix VI Qualitative Reactions and Tests
(Ph. Eur. method 2.3.1)
Acetates 乙酸酯
A. Heat the substance to be examined with an equal quantity of oxalic acid R.
Acid vapours with the characteristic odour of acetic acid are liberated, showing an
acid reaction (2.2.4).
用相同量的草酸加热供试品，显示出其特有的酸味，显酸性反应。
B. Dissolve about 30 mg of the substance to be examined in 3 mL of water R or
use 3 mL of the prescribed solution. Add successively 0.25 mL of lanthanum nitrate
solution R, 0.1 mL of 0.05 M iodine and 0.05 mL of dilute ammonia R2. Heat
carefully to boiling.
Within a few minutes a blue precipitate is formed or a dark blue colour
develops.
Acetyl Groups
In a test-tube about 180 mm long and 18 mm in external diameter, place
about 15 mg of the substance to be examined, or the prescribed quantity, and 0.15
mL of
phosphoric acid R
. Close the tube with a stopper through which passes a
small test-tube about 100 mm long and 10 mm in external diameter containing
water R
to act as a condenser. On the outside of the smaller tube, hang a drop of
lanthanum nitrate solution R
. Except for substances hydrolysable only with
difficulty, place the apparatus in a water-bath for 5 min,then take out the smaller
tube. Remove the drop and mix it with 0.05 mL of
0.01 M iodine
on a tile. Add at
the edge 0.05 mL of
dilute ammonia R2
. After 1 min to 2 min, a blue colour
develops at the junction of the two drops; the colour intensifies and persists for a
short time.
For
substances hydrolysable only with difficulty
heat the mixture slowly to
boiling over an open flame and then proceed as prescribed above.
Alkaloids
Dissolve a few milligrams of the substance to be examined, or the prescribed
quantity, in 5 mL of
water R
, add
dilute hydrochloric acid R
until an acid reaction
occurs (
2.2.4
), then 1 mL of
potassium iodobismuthate solution R
. An orange or
orange-red precipitate is formed immediately.
Aluminium Salts
Dissolve about 15 mg of the substance to be examined in 2 mL of
water R
or
2024年5月6日发(作者：杨海逸)
Appendix VI Qualitative Reactions and Tests
(Ph. Eur. method 2.3.1)
Acetates 乙酸酯
A. Heat the substance to be examined with an equal quantity of oxalic acid R.
Acid vapours with the characteristic odour of acetic acid are liberated, showing an
acid reaction (2.2.4).
用相同量的草酸加热供试品，显示出其特有的酸味，显酸性反应。
B. Dissolve about 30 mg of the substance to be examined in 3 mL of water R or
use 3 mL of the prescribed solution. Add successively 0.25 mL of lanthanum nitrate
solution R, 0.1 mL of 0.05 M iodine and 0.05 mL of dilute ammonia R2. Heat
carefully to boiling.
Within a few minutes a blue precipitate is formed or a dark blue colour
develops.
Acetyl Groups
In a test-tube about 180 mm long and 18 mm in external diameter, place
about 15 mg of the substance to be examined, or the prescribed quantity, and 0.15
mL of
phosphoric acid R
. Close the tube with a stopper through which passes a
small test-tube about 100 mm long and 10 mm in external diameter containing
water R
to act as a condenser. On the outside of the smaller tube, hang a drop of
lanthanum nitrate solution R
. Except for substances hydrolysable only with
difficulty, place the apparatus in a water-bath for 5 min,then take out the smaller
tube. Remove the drop and mix it with 0.05 mL of
0.01 M iodine
on a tile. Add at
the edge 0.05 mL of
dilute ammonia R2
. After 1 min to 2 min, a blue colour
develops at the junction of the two drops; the colour intensifies and persists for a
short time.
For
substances hydrolysable only with difficulty
heat the mixture slowly to
boiling over an open flame and then proceed as prescribed above.
Alkaloids
Dissolve a few milligrams of the substance to be examined, or the prescribed
quantity, in 5 mL of
water R
, add
dilute hydrochloric acid R
until an acid reaction
occurs (
2.2.4
), then 1 mL of
potassium iodobismuthate solution R
. An orange or
orange-red precipitate is formed immediately.
Aluminium Salts
Dissolve about 15 mg of the substance to be examined in 2 mL of
water R
or