2024年5月22日发(作者:魏正清)
热风干燥与真空冷冻干燥对果蔬粉酚类物质含量的影响
Comparison of Phenolic Content of the Fruit and Vegetable Powder by Hotair
Drying and Vacuum Freeze Drying
ZHANG Qianru,YIN Rong,WANG Xianping*(Shanxi Key Laboratory of
Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Pomology,Pomology Institute,Shanxi
Academy of Agricultural Science,Taiyuan,Shanxi 0*****)
Abstract[Objective] The aim was to investigate the effects of drying methods
on the content of phenolic substances in common fruits and vegetables.[Method]
Taking 11 kinds of fruit,vegetable as test material,FolinCiocalteu method was
used to determine the content of total phenols,while Nbutyl alcohol hydrochloric
acid method for the content of proanthocyanidins,to compare the effect of
phenolic substances between hot air drying and vacuum freeze drying.[Result] The
result showed that the retention rate of total phenols of fruit and vegetable powder
by hot air drying was from 85.94% to 93.27%,the retention rate of
proanthocyanidins was from 66.17% to 72.58%; the retention rate of total phenols
of fruit and vegetable powder by vacuum freeze drying was from 93.50% to 96.98%,
the retention rate of proanthocyanidins was from 95.24% to 98.15%.[Conclusion]
The vacuum freeze drying can maintain original total phenols and
proanthocyanidins of fruit and vegetable,fruit and vegetable powder have higher
quality and nutritional value.
Key wordsFruit and vegetables powder;Phenols;Hotair drying;Vacuum freeze
drying
農业部农情统计资料显示,2016年我国水果种植面积0.123亿hm2,总产量1.75亿
t;蔬菜种植面积0.782亿hm2,总产量超过7.00億t。随着果品、蔬菜产业的发展壮大,
产品过剩现象和损伤与变质问题亦日益凸显,为解决上述问题,国家大力发展果品加工业,
以提高其加工转化率。在这些精深加工果品、蔬菜制品中,果品、蔬菜粉以耐贮藏、原料
利用率高、营养损耗少、应用范围广等优点深受消费者喜爱。
酚类物质是植物的主要次生代谢产物之一,对植物的品质、色泽、风味等有一定的影
响,同时还具有抗氧化、抗癌等重要的作用。近年来,国内外学者对果品、蔬菜加工品中
的酚类物质进行了深入研究。李晓娇等研究了果醋中酚类物质特征,对其中的总酚进行了
分析;王行等以超高压处理的鲜榨蓝莓汁为研究对象,研究了其贮藏35 d内总酚、总黄
酮、花色苷含量的变化;林耀盛等采用FolinCiocaiteu法测定了桑葚片中总多酚含量,pH
示差法测定了总花青素含量。
热风干燥技术是目前生产上常用的干燥方法之一,对于含糖量低及对热不敏感的蔬菜
原料特别适用。真空冷冻干燥技术对于含糖高及对热敏感的果品原料特别适用。目前国内
外关于果品、蔬菜粉加工方式与工艺的研究较多,对于加工前后营养成分的比较主要集中
在可溶性糖、蛋白质、维生素C等物质上,而对果品、蔬菜加工前后酚类物质的比较研究
较少,特别是野菜粉至今尚未见报道。杨华等研究了不同干燥方式对西兰花蔬菜粉品质的
影响,结果表明:真空冷冻干燥方式制得的西兰花粉品质比喷雾干燥的好;闫旭等比较了
不同干燥方法对番石榴总酚、黄酮及抗坏血酸含量的影响,结果显示真空干燥和真空冷冻
干燥得到的总酚、抗坏血酸含量较高。
笔者研究了热风干燥和真空冷冻干燥对果品、蔬菜粉总酚保留率、原花色素保留率的
2024年5月22日发(作者:魏正清)
热风干燥与真空冷冻干燥对果蔬粉酚类物质含量的影响
Comparison of Phenolic Content of the Fruit and Vegetable Powder by Hotair
Drying and Vacuum Freeze Drying
ZHANG Qianru,YIN Rong,WANG Xianping*(Shanxi Key Laboratory of
Germplasm Innovation and Utilization in Pomology,Pomology Institute,Shanxi
Academy of Agricultural Science,Taiyuan,Shanxi 0*****)
Abstract[Objective] The aim was to investigate the effects of drying methods
on the content of phenolic substances in common fruits and vegetables.[Method]
Taking 11 kinds of fruit,vegetable as test material,FolinCiocalteu method was
used to determine the content of total phenols,while Nbutyl alcohol hydrochloric
acid method for the content of proanthocyanidins,to compare the effect of
phenolic substances between hot air drying and vacuum freeze drying.[Result] The
result showed that the retention rate of total phenols of fruit and vegetable powder
by hot air drying was from 85.94% to 93.27%,the retention rate of
proanthocyanidins was from 66.17% to 72.58%; the retention rate of total phenols
of fruit and vegetable powder by vacuum freeze drying was from 93.50% to 96.98%,
the retention rate of proanthocyanidins was from 95.24% to 98.15%.[Conclusion]
The vacuum freeze drying can maintain original total phenols and
proanthocyanidins of fruit and vegetable,fruit and vegetable powder have higher
quality and nutritional value.
Key wordsFruit and vegetables powder;Phenols;Hotair drying;Vacuum freeze
drying
農业部农情统计资料显示,2016年我国水果种植面积0.123亿hm2,总产量1.75亿
t;蔬菜种植面积0.782亿hm2,总产量超过7.00億t。随着果品、蔬菜产业的发展壮大,
产品过剩现象和损伤与变质问题亦日益凸显,为解决上述问题,国家大力发展果品加工业,
以提高其加工转化率。在这些精深加工果品、蔬菜制品中,果品、蔬菜粉以耐贮藏、原料
利用率高、营养损耗少、应用范围广等优点深受消费者喜爱。
酚类物质是植物的主要次生代谢产物之一,对植物的品质、色泽、风味等有一定的影
响,同时还具有抗氧化、抗癌等重要的作用。近年来,国内外学者对果品、蔬菜加工品中
的酚类物质进行了深入研究。李晓娇等研究了果醋中酚类物质特征,对其中的总酚进行了
分析;王行等以超高压处理的鲜榨蓝莓汁为研究对象,研究了其贮藏35 d内总酚、总黄
酮、花色苷含量的变化;林耀盛等采用FolinCiocaiteu法测定了桑葚片中总多酚含量,pH
示差法测定了总花青素含量。
热风干燥技术是目前生产上常用的干燥方法之一,对于含糖量低及对热不敏感的蔬菜
原料特别适用。真空冷冻干燥技术对于含糖高及对热敏感的果品原料特别适用。目前国内
外关于果品、蔬菜粉加工方式与工艺的研究较多,对于加工前后营养成分的比较主要集中
在可溶性糖、蛋白质、维生素C等物质上,而对果品、蔬菜加工前后酚类物质的比较研究
较少,特别是野菜粉至今尚未见报道。杨华等研究了不同干燥方式对西兰花蔬菜粉品质的
影响,结果表明:真空冷冻干燥方式制得的西兰花粉品质比喷雾干燥的好;闫旭等比较了
不同干燥方法对番石榴总酚、黄酮及抗坏血酸含量的影响,结果显示真空干燥和真空冷冻
干燥得到的总酚、抗坏血酸含量较高。
笔者研究了热风干燥和真空冷冻干燥对果品、蔬菜粉总酚保留率、原花色素保留率的