2024年6月3日发(作者:蛮幻巧)
剑桥雅思真题9-阅读Test 1(附答案)
Reading Passage 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1
below.
William Henry Perkin
The man who invented synthetic dyes
William Henry Perkin was born on March 12, 1838, in London, England. As a boy, Perkin's
curiosity prompted early interests in the arts, sciences, photography, and engineering. But it was a
chance stumbling upon a run-down, yet functional, laboratory in his late grandfather's home that
solidified the young man's enthusiasm for chemistry.
As a student at the City of London School, Perkin became immersed in the study of chemistry. His
talent and devotion to the subject were perceived by his teacher, Thomas Hall, who encouraged
him to attend a series of lectures given by the eminent scientist Michael Faraday at the Royal
Institution. Those speeches fired the young chemist's enthusiasm further, and he later went on to
attend the Royal College of Chemistry, which he succeeded in entering in 1853, at the age of 15.
At the time of Perkin's enrolment, the Royal College of Chemistry was headed by the noted
German chemist August Wilhelm Hofmann. Perkin's scientific gifts soon caught Hofmann's
attention and within two years, he became Hofmann's youngest assistant. Not long after that,
Perkin made the scientific breakthrough that would bring him both fame and fortune.
At the time, quinine was the only viable medical treatment for malaria. The drug is derived from
the bark of the cinchona tree, native to South America, and by 1856 demand for the drug was
surpassing the available supply. Thus, when Hofmann made some passing comments about the
desirability of a synthetic substitute for quinine, it was unsurprising that his star pupil was moved
to take up the challenge.
During his vacation in 1856, Perkin spent his time in the laboratory on the top floor of his family's
house. He was attempting to manufacture quinine from aniline, an inexpensive and readily
available coal tar waste product. Despite his best efforts, however, he did not end up with quinine.
Instead, he produced a mysterious dark sludge. Luckily, Perkin's scientific training and nature
prompted him to investigate the substance further. Incorporating potassium dichromate and
alcohol into the aniline at various stages of the experimental process, he finally produced a deep
purple solution. And, proving the truth of the famous scientist Louis Pasteur's words 'chance
favours only theprepared mind’. Perkin saw the potential of his unexpected find.
Historically, textile dyes were made from such natural sources as plants and animal excretions.
Some of these, such as the glandular mucus of snails, were difficult to obtain and outrageously
expensive. Indeed, the purple colour extracted from a snail was once so costly that in society at the
time only the rich could afford it. Further, natural dyes tended to be muddy in hue and fade quickly.
It was against this backdrop that Perkin's discovery was made.
Perkin quickly grasped that his purple solution could be used to colour fabric, thus making it the
world's first synthetic dye. Realising the importance of this breakthrough, he lost no time in
patenting it. but perhaps the most fascinating of all Perkin's reactions to his find was his nearly
instant recognition that the new dye had commercial possibilities.
Perkin originally named his dye Tyrian Purple, but it later became commonly known as mauve
(from the French for the plant used to make the colour violet). He asked advice of Scottish dye
works owner Robert Pullar, who assured him that manufacturing the dye would be well worth it if
the colour remained fast (i.e. would not fade) and the cost was relatively low. So, over the fierce
objections of his mentor Hofmann, he left college to give birth to the modern chemical industry.
With the help of his father and brother, Perkin set up a factory not far from London. Utilising the
cheap and plentiful coal tar that was an almost unlimited byproduct of London's gas street lighting,
the dye works began producing the world's first synthetically dyed material in 1857. The company
received a commercial boost from the Empress Eugenie of France, when she decided the new
colour flattered her. Very soon, mauve was the necessary shade for all the fashionable ladies in
that country. Not to be outdone, England's Queen Victoria also appeared in public wearing a
mauve gown, thus making it all the rage in England as well. The dye was bold and fast, and the
public clamoured for more. Perkin went back to the drawing board.
Although Perkin's fame was achieved and fortune assured by his first discovery, the chemist
continued his research. Among other dyes he developed and introduced were aniline red (1859)
and aniline black (1863) and, in the late 1860s, Perkin's green. It is important to note that Perkin's
synthetic dye discoveries had outcomes far beyond the merely decorative. The dyes also became
vital to medical research in many ways. For instance, they were used to slain previously invisible
microbes and bacteria, allowing researchers to identify such bacilli as tuberculosis, cholera, and
anthrax. Artificial dyes continue to play a crucial role today. And, in what would have been
particularly pleasing to Perkin, their current use is in the search for a vaccine against malaria.
Question 1-7
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
1. Michael Faraday was the first person to recognise Perkin's ability as a student of chemistry.
2. Michael Faraday suggested Perkin should enrol in the Royal College of Chemistry.
3. Perkin employed August Wilhelm Hofmann as his assistant.
4. Perkin was still young when he made the discovery that made him rich and famous.
5. The trees from which quinine is derived grow only in South America.
6. Perkin hoped to manufacture a drug from a coal tar waste product.
7. Perkin was inspired by the discoveries of the famous scientist Louis Pasteur.
Question 8-13
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet.
8 Before Perkin's discovery, with what group in society was the colour purple associated?
9 What potential did Perkin immediately understand that his new dye had?
10 What was the name finally used to refer to the first colour Perkin invented?
11 What was the name of the person Perkin consulted before setting up his own dye works?
12 In what country did Perkin's newly invented colour first become fashionable?
13 According to the passage, which disease is now being targeted by researchers using
synthetic dyes?
Reading Passage 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 14-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2
below.
Is there anybody out there?
The search for extra-terrestrial intelligences
The question of whether we are alone in the Universe has haunted humanity for centuries, but we
may now stand poised on the brink of the answer to that question, as we search for radio signals
from other intelligent; civilisations. This search, often known by the acronym SETI (search for
extra-terrestrial intelligence), is a difficult one. Although groups around the world have been
searching intermittently for three decades, it is only now that we have reached the level of
technology where we can make a determined attempt to search all nearby stars for any sign of life.
A The primary reason for the search is basic curiosity - the same curiosity about the natural
world that drives all pure science. We want to know whether we are alone in the Universe. We
want to know whether life evolves naturally if given the right conditions, or whether there is
something very special about the Earth to have fostered the variety of life forms that we see
around us on the planet. The simple detection of a radio signal will be sufficient to answer this
most basic of all questions. In this sense, SETI is another cog in the machinery of pure science
which is continually pushing out the horizon of our knowledge. However, there are other reasons
for being interested in whether life exists elsewhere. For example, we have had civilisation on
Earth for perhaps only a few thousand years, and the threats of nuclear war and pollution over the
last few decades have told us that our survival may be tenuous. Will we last another two thousand
years or will we wipe ourselves out? Since the lifetime of a planet like ours is several billion years,
we can expect that, if other civilisations do survive in our galaxy, their ages will range from zero
to several billion years. Thus any other civilisation that we hear from is likely to be far older, on
average, than ourselves. The mere existence of such a civilisation will tell us that long-term
survival is possible, and gives us some cause for optimism. It is even possible that the older
civilisation may pass on the benefits of their experience in dealing with threats to survival such as
nuclear war and global pollution, and other threats that we haven't yet discovered.
B In discussing whether we are alone, most SETI scientists adopt two ground rules. First, UFOs
(Unidentified Flying Objects) are generally ignored since most scientists don’t consider the
evidence for them to be strong enough to bear serious consideration (although it is also important
to keep an open mind in case any really convincing evidence emerges in the future). Second, we
make a very conservative assumption that we are looking for a life form that is pretty well like us,
since if it differs radically from us we may well not recognise it as a life form, quite apart from
whether we are able to communicate with it. In other words, the life form we are looking for may
well have two green heads and seven fingers, but it will nevertheless resemble us in that it should
communicate with its fellows, be interested in the Universe, live on a planet orbiting a star like our
Sun. And perhaps most restrictively, have a chemistry, like us, based on carbon and water.
C Even when we make these assumptions, our understanding of other life forms is still severely
limited. We do not even know, for example, how many stars have planets, and we certain^ do not
know how likely it is that life will arise naturally, given the right conditions. However, when we
look at the 100 billion stars in our galaxy (the Milky Way), and 100 billion galaxies in the
observable Universe, it seems inconceivable that at least one of these planets does not have a life
form on it; in fact, the best educated guess we can make, using the little that we do know about the
conditions for carbon-based life, leads us to estimate that perhaps one in 100,000 stars might have
a life-bearing planet orbiting it. That means that our nearest neighbours are perhaps 100 light years
away, which is almost next door in astronomical terms.
D An alien civilisation could choose many different ways of sending information across the
galaxy, but many of these either require too much energy, or else are severely attenuated while
traversing the vast distances across the galaxy. It turns out that, for a given amount of transmitted
power, radio waves in the frequency range 1000 to 3000 MHz travel the greatest distance, and so
all searches to date have concentrated on looking for radio waves in this frequency range. So far
there have been a number of searches by various groups around the world, including Australian
searches using the radio telescope at Parkes, New South Wales. Until now there have not been any
detections from the few hundred stars which have been searched. The scale of the searches has
been increased dramatically since 1992, when the US Congress voted NASA $10 million per year
for ten years to conduct a thorough search for extra-terrestrial life. Much of the money in this
project is being spent on developing the special hardware needed to search many frequencies at
once. The project has two parts. One part is a targeted search using the world's largest radio
telescopes, the American-operated telescope in Arecibo, Puerto Rico and the French telescope in
Nancy in France. This part of the project is searching the nearest 1000 likely stars with high
sensitivity for signals in the frequency range 1000 to 3000 MHz. The other part of the project is an
undirected search which is monitoring all of space with a lower sensitivity, using the smaller
antennas of NASA's Deep Space Network.
E There is considerable debate over how we should react if we detect a signal from an alien
civilisation. Everybody agrees that we should not reply immediately. Quite apart from the
impracticality of sending a reply over such large distances at short notice, it raises a host of ethical
questions that would have to be addressed by the global community before any reply could be sent.
Would the human race face the culture shock if faced with 8 superior and much older civilisation?
Luckily, there is no urgency about this. The stars being searched are hundreds of light years away,
so it takes hundreds of years for their signal to reach us, and a further few hundred years for our
reply to reach them. It's not important, then, if there's a delay of a few years, or decades, while the
human race debates the question of whether to reply, and perhaps carefully drafts a reply.
Question 14-17
Reading Passage 2 has five paragraphs, A-E.
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-E from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number, i-vii, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
ⅰ Seeking the transmission of radio signals from planets
ⅱ Appropriate responses to signals from other civilisations
ⅲ Vast distances to Earth's closest neighbours
ⅳ Assumptions underlying the search for extra-terrestrial intelligence
ⅴ Reasons for the search for extra-terrestrial intelligence
ⅵ Knowledge of extra-terrestrial life forms
ⅶ Likelihood of life on other planet
Example
Paragraph A
14 Paragraph B
15 Paragraph C
16 Paragraph D
17 Paragraph E
Question 18-20
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each
answer.
Write your answers in boxes 18-20 on your answer sheet.
18 What is the life expectancy of Earth?
19 What kind of signals from other intelligent civilisations are SETI scientists searching for?
20 How many stars are the world's most powerful radio telescopes searching?
Question 21-26
Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 2?
In boxes 21-26 on your answer sheet, write
YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the views of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
21. Alien civilisations may be able to help the human race to overcome serious problems.
22. SETI scientists are trying to find a life form that resembles humans in many ways.
23. The Americans and Australians have co-operated on joint research projects.
24. So far SETI scientists have picked up radio signals from several stars.
25. The NASA project attracted criticism from some members of Congress.
26. If a signal from outer space is received, it will be important to respond promptly.
Reading Passage 3
You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3
below.
The history of the tortoise
If you go back far enough, everything lived in the sea. At various points in evolutionary history,
enterprising individuals within many different animal groups moved out onto the land, sometimes
even to the most parched deserts, taking their own private seawater with them in blood and
Answer
v
2024年6月3日发(作者:蛮幻巧)
剑桥雅思真题9-阅读Test 1(附答案)
Reading Passage 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1
below.
William Henry Perkin
The man who invented synthetic dyes
William Henry Perkin was born on March 12, 1838, in London, England. As a boy, Perkin's
curiosity prompted early interests in the arts, sciences, photography, and engineering. But it was a
chance stumbling upon a run-down, yet functional, laboratory in his late grandfather's home that
solidified the young man's enthusiasm for chemistry.
As a student at the City of London School, Perkin became immersed in the study of chemistry. His
talent and devotion to the subject were perceived by his teacher, Thomas Hall, who encouraged
him to attend a series of lectures given by the eminent scientist Michael Faraday at the Royal
Institution. Those speeches fired the young chemist's enthusiasm further, and he later went on to
attend the Royal College of Chemistry, which he succeeded in entering in 1853, at the age of 15.
At the time of Perkin's enrolment, the Royal College of Chemistry was headed by the noted
German chemist August Wilhelm Hofmann. Perkin's scientific gifts soon caught Hofmann's
attention and within two years, he became Hofmann's youngest assistant. Not long after that,
Perkin made the scientific breakthrough that would bring him both fame and fortune.
At the time, quinine was the only viable medical treatment for malaria. The drug is derived from
the bark of the cinchona tree, native to South America, and by 1856 demand for the drug was
surpassing the available supply. Thus, when Hofmann made some passing comments about the
desirability of a synthetic substitute for quinine, it was unsurprising that his star pupil was moved
to take up the challenge.
During his vacation in 1856, Perkin spent his time in the laboratory on the top floor of his family's
house. He was attempting to manufacture quinine from aniline, an inexpensive and readily
available coal tar waste product. Despite his best efforts, however, he did not end up with quinine.
Instead, he produced a mysterious dark sludge. Luckily, Perkin's scientific training and nature
prompted him to investigate the substance further. Incorporating potassium dichromate and
alcohol into the aniline at various stages of the experimental process, he finally produced a deep
purple solution. And, proving the truth of the famous scientist Louis Pasteur's words 'chance
favours only theprepared mind’. Perkin saw the potential of his unexpected find.
Historically, textile dyes were made from such natural sources as plants and animal excretions.
Some of these, such as the glandular mucus of snails, were difficult to obtain and outrageously
expensive. Indeed, the purple colour extracted from a snail was once so costly that in society at the
time only the rich could afford it. Further, natural dyes tended to be muddy in hue and fade quickly.
It was against this backdrop that Perkin's discovery was made.
Perkin quickly grasped that his purple solution could be used to colour fabric, thus making it the
world's first synthetic dye. Realising the importance of this breakthrough, he lost no time in
patenting it. but perhaps the most fascinating of all Perkin's reactions to his find was his nearly
instant recognition that the new dye had commercial possibilities.
Perkin originally named his dye Tyrian Purple, but it later became commonly known as mauve
(from the French for the plant used to make the colour violet). He asked advice of Scottish dye
works owner Robert Pullar, who assured him that manufacturing the dye would be well worth it if
the colour remained fast (i.e. would not fade) and the cost was relatively low. So, over the fierce
objections of his mentor Hofmann, he left college to give birth to the modern chemical industry.
With the help of his father and brother, Perkin set up a factory not far from London. Utilising the
cheap and plentiful coal tar that was an almost unlimited byproduct of London's gas street lighting,
the dye works began producing the world's first synthetically dyed material in 1857. The company
received a commercial boost from the Empress Eugenie of France, when she decided the new
colour flattered her. Very soon, mauve was the necessary shade for all the fashionable ladies in
that country. Not to be outdone, England's Queen Victoria also appeared in public wearing a
mauve gown, thus making it all the rage in England as well. The dye was bold and fast, and the
public clamoured for more. Perkin went back to the drawing board.
Although Perkin's fame was achieved and fortune assured by his first discovery, the chemist
continued his research. Among other dyes he developed and introduced were aniline red (1859)
and aniline black (1863) and, in the late 1860s, Perkin's green. It is important to note that Perkin's
synthetic dye discoveries had outcomes far beyond the merely decorative. The dyes also became
vital to medical research in many ways. For instance, they were used to slain previously invisible
microbes and bacteria, allowing researchers to identify such bacilli as tuberculosis, cholera, and
anthrax. Artificial dyes continue to play a crucial role today. And, in what would have been
particularly pleasing to Perkin, their current use is in the search for a vaccine against malaria.
Question 1-7
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
1. Michael Faraday was the first person to recognise Perkin's ability as a student of chemistry.
2. Michael Faraday suggested Perkin should enrol in the Royal College of Chemistry.
3. Perkin employed August Wilhelm Hofmann as his assistant.
4. Perkin was still young when he made the discovery that made him rich and famous.
5. The trees from which quinine is derived grow only in South America.
6. Perkin hoped to manufacture a drug from a coal tar waste product.
7. Perkin was inspired by the discoveries of the famous scientist Louis Pasteur.
Question 8-13
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet.
8 Before Perkin's discovery, with what group in society was the colour purple associated?
9 What potential did Perkin immediately understand that his new dye had?
10 What was the name finally used to refer to the first colour Perkin invented?
11 What was the name of the person Perkin consulted before setting up his own dye works?
12 In what country did Perkin's newly invented colour first become fashionable?
13 According to the passage, which disease is now being targeted by researchers using
synthetic dyes?
Reading Passage 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 14-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2
below.
Is there anybody out there?
The search for extra-terrestrial intelligences
The question of whether we are alone in the Universe has haunted humanity for centuries, but we
may now stand poised on the brink of the answer to that question, as we search for radio signals
from other intelligent; civilisations. This search, often known by the acronym SETI (search for
extra-terrestrial intelligence), is a difficult one. Although groups around the world have been
searching intermittently for three decades, it is only now that we have reached the level of
technology where we can make a determined attempt to search all nearby stars for any sign of life.
A The primary reason for the search is basic curiosity - the same curiosity about the natural
world that drives all pure science. We want to know whether we are alone in the Universe. We
want to know whether life evolves naturally if given the right conditions, or whether there is
something very special about the Earth to have fostered the variety of life forms that we see
around us on the planet. The simple detection of a radio signal will be sufficient to answer this
most basic of all questions. In this sense, SETI is another cog in the machinery of pure science
which is continually pushing out the horizon of our knowledge. However, there are other reasons
for being interested in whether life exists elsewhere. For example, we have had civilisation on
Earth for perhaps only a few thousand years, and the threats of nuclear war and pollution over the
last few decades have told us that our survival may be tenuous. Will we last another two thousand
years or will we wipe ourselves out? Since the lifetime of a planet like ours is several billion years,
we can expect that, if other civilisations do survive in our galaxy, their ages will range from zero
to several billion years. Thus any other civilisation that we hear from is likely to be far older, on
average, than ourselves. The mere existence of such a civilisation will tell us that long-term
survival is possible, and gives us some cause for optimism. It is even possible that the older
civilisation may pass on the benefits of their experience in dealing with threats to survival such as
nuclear war and global pollution, and other threats that we haven't yet discovered.
B In discussing whether we are alone, most SETI scientists adopt two ground rules. First, UFOs
(Unidentified Flying Objects) are generally ignored since most scientists don’t consider the
evidence for them to be strong enough to bear serious consideration (although it is also important
to keep an open mind in case any really convincing evidence emerges in the future). Second, we
make a very conservative assumption that we are looking for a life form that is pretty well like us,
since if it differs radically from us we may well not recognise it as a life form, quite apart from
whether we are able to communicate with it. In other words, the life form we are looking for may
well have two green heads and seven fingers, but it will nevertheless resemble us in that it should
communicate with its fellows, be interested in the Universe, live on a planet orbiting a star like our
Sun. And perhaps most restrictively, have a chemistry, like us, based on carbon and water.
C Even when we make these assumptions, our understanding of other life forms is still severely
limited. We do not even know, for example, how many stars have planets, and we certain^ do not
know how likely it is that life will arise naturally, given the right conditions. However, when we
look at the 100 billion stars in our galaxy (the Milky Way), and 100 billion galaxies in the
observable Universe, it seems inconceivable that at least one of these planets does not have a life
form on it; in fact, the best educated guess we can make, using the little that we do know about the
conditions for carbon-based life, leads us to estimate that perhaps one in 100,000 stars might have
a life-bearing planet orbiting it. That means that our nearest neighbours are perhaps 100 light years
away, which is almost next door in astronomical terms.
D An alien civilisation could choose many different ways of sending information across the
galaxy, but many of these either require too much energy, or else are severely attenuated while
traversing the vast distances across the galaxy. It turns out that, for a given amount of transmitted
power, radio waves in the frequency range 1000 to 3000 MHz travel the greatest distance, and so
all searches to date have concentrated on looking for radio waves in this frequency range. So far
there have been a number of searches by various groups around the world, including Australian
searches using the radio telescope at Parkes, New South Wales. Until now there have not been any
detections from the few hundred stars which have been searched. The scale of the searches has
been increased dramatically since 1992, when the US Congress voted NASA $10 million per year
for ten years to conduct a thorough search for extra-terrestrial life. Much of the money in this
project is being spent on developing the special hardware needed to search many frequencies at
once. The project has two parts. One part is a targeted search using the world's largest radio
telescopes, the American-operated telescope in Arecibo, Puerto Rico and the French telescope in
Nancy in France. This part of the project is searching the nearest 1000 likely stars with high
sensitivity for signals in the frequency range 1000 to 3000 MHz. The other part of the project is an
undirected search which is monitoring all of space with a lower sensitivity, using the smaller
antennas of NASA's Deep Space Network.
E There is considerable debate over how we should react if we detect a signal from an alien
civilisation. Everybody agrees that we should not reply immediately. Quite apart from the
impracticality of sending a reply over such large distances at short notice, it raises a host of ethical
questions that would have to be addressed by the global community before any reply could be sent.
Would the human race face the culture shock if faced with 8 superior and much older civilisation?
Luckily, there is no urgency about this. The stars being searched are hundreds of light years away,
so it takes hundreds of years for their signal to reach us, and a further few hundred years for our
reply to reach them. It's not important, then, if there's a delay of a few years, or decades, while the
human race debates the question of whether to reply, and perhaps carefully drafts a reply.
Question 14-17
Reading Passage 2 has five paragraphs, A-E.
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-E from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number, i-vii, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
ⅰ Seeking the transmission of radio signals from planets
ⅱ Appropriate responses to signals from other civilisations
ⅲ Vast distances to Earth's closest neighbours
ⅳ Assumptions underlying the search for extra-terrestrial intelligence
ⅴ Reasons for the search for extra-terrestrial intelligence
ⅵ Knowledge of extra-terrestrial life forms
ⅶ Likelihood of life on other planet
Example
Paragraph A
14 Paragraph B
15 Paragraph C
16 Paragraph D
17 Paragraph E
Question 18-20
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each
answer.
Write your answers in boxes 18-20 on your answer sheet.
18 What is the life expectancy of Earth?
19 What kind of signals from other intelligent civilisations are SETI scientists searching for?
20 How many stars are the world's most powerful radio telescopes searching?
Question 21-26
Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 2?
In boxes 21-26 on your answer sheet, write
YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the views of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
21. Alien civilisations may be able to help the human race to overcome serious problems.
22. SETI scientists are trying to find a life form that resembles humans in many ways.
23. The Americans and Australians have co-operated on joint research projects.
24. So far SETI scientists have picked up radio signals from several stars.
25. The NASA project attracted criticism from some members of Congress.
26. If a signal from outer space is received, it will be important to respond promptly.
Reading Passage 3
You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3
below.
The history of the tortoise
If you go back far enough, everything lived in the sea. At various points in evolutionary history,
enterprising individuals within many different animal groups moved out onto the land, sometimes
even to the most parched deserts, taking their own private seawater with them in blood and
Answer
v