2024年2月19日发(作者：英骊婧)

American Association State Highway Designation: E 10 – 07a and Transportation

Officials Standard AASHTO No.: T70–86 Standard Test Method for Brinell Hardness of

Metallic Materials1 This standard is issued under the xed designation E 10 the number

immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or in the

case of revision the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of

last reapproval. A superscript epsilon e indicates an editorial change since the last

revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the

Department of Defense.1. Scope Determine Conformance with Specications 1.1 This test

method covers the determination of the Brinell E 74 Practice of Calibration of

Force-Measuring Instru-hardness of metallic materials by the Brinell indentation ments

for Verifying the Force Indication of Testing Ma-hardness principle. This standard

provides the requirements for chinesa Brinell testing machine and the procedures for

performing E 140 Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals RelationshipBrinell hardness

tests. Among Brinell Hardness Vickers Hardness Rockwell 1.2 This standard includes

additional requirements in four Hardness Supercial Hardness Knoop Hardness

andannexes: Scleroscope Hardness Verication of Brinell Hardness Testing Machines

Annex A1 E 384 Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Ma- Brinell Hardness

Standardizing Machines Annex A2 terials Standardization of Brinell Hardness Indenters

Annex A3 2.2 American Bearings Manufacturer Association Stan- Standardization of

Brinell Hardness Test Blocks Annex A4 dard: 1.3 This standard includes nonmandatory

information in an ABMA 10-1989 Metal Balls3appendix which relates to the Brinell

hardness test: 2.3 ISO Standards: Table of Brinell Hardness Numbers Appendix X1

ISO/IEC 17011 Conformity Assessment—General Require- Examples of Procedures for

Determining Appendix X2 ments for Accreditation Bodies Accrediting Conformity

Brinell Hardness Uncertainty Assessment Bodies4 1.4 At the time the Brinell hardness

test was developed the ISO/IEC 17025 General Requirements for the Competenceforce

levels were specied in units of kilograms-force kgf. of Calibration and Testing4Although

this standard species the unit of force in theInternational System of Units SI as the

Newton N because 3. Terminology and Equationsof the historical precedent and

continued common usage of kgf 3.1 Denitions:units force values in kgf units are provided

for information and 3.1.1 calibration—determination of the values of the sig-much of the

discussion in this standard refers to forces in kgf nicant parameters by comparison with

values indicated by aunits. reference instrument or by a set of reference standards. 1.5

This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.1.2 verication—checking or testing

to assure conform-safety concerns if any associated with its use. It is the ance with the

sibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3.1.3

standardization—to bring in conformance with apriate safety and health practices and

determine the applica- known standard through verication or of

regulatory limitations prior to use. 3.1.4 Brinell hardness test—an indentation hardness

test using a veried machine to force an indenter tungsten carbide2. Referenced

Documents ball with diameter D under specied conditions into the 2.1 ASTM Standards:

2 surface of the material under test. The diameter of the resulting E 29 Practice for Using

Signicant Digits in Test Data to indentation d is measured after removal of the force.

3.1.5 Brinell hardness number—a number which is propor- tional to the quotient obtained

by dividing the test force by the 1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM

Committee E28 on curved surface area of the indentation which is assumed to

beMechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.06 on

spherical and of the diameter of the ation Hardness Testing. Current edition

approved April 1 2007. Published June 2007. Originallyapproved in 1924. Last previous

edition approved in 2007 as E 10 – 07e1 . 2 3 For referenced ASTM standards visit the

ASTM website or Available from American Bearing Manufacturers

Association ABMA 2025contact ASTM Customer Service at . For

Annual Book of ASTM M Street NW Suite 800 Washington DC 20036. 4Standards

volume information refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from

American National Standards Institute ANSI 25 W. 43rd ASTM website. 4th Floor

New York NY 10036 ght ASTM International 100 Barr

Harbor Drive PO Box C700 West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959 United States. ------- 1

E 10 – 07a 3.1.6 Brinell hardness scale—a designation that identies where:the specic

combination of ball diameter and applied force dmax mean diameter of the largest

measured indentationused to perform the Brinell hardness test. and 3.1.7 Brinell hardness

testing machine—a Brinell hardness dmin mean diameter of the smallest measured

indenta-machine used for general testing purposes. tion. ------- 3.1.8 Brinell hardness

standardizing machine—a Brinell 3.2.3 The average H of a set of n Brinell hardness

measure-hardness machine used for the standardization of Brinell ment values H1 H2 ...

Hn is calculated as:hardness test blocks. The standardizing machine differs from a H1 1

H2 1 ... 1 Hnregular Brinell hardness testing machine by having tighter H5 n 3tolerances

on certain parameters. 3.2.4 The error E in the performance of a Brinell hardness 3.1.9

force-diameter ratio—a number calculated as the ratio machine at each hardness level is

determined as:of the test force in kgf to the square of the indenter balldiameter in mm see

Table 1. E 5 H – HSTD 4 3.2 Equations: where: 3.2.1 The Brinell hardness number is

calculated as: H Eq 3 average of n hardness tests H1 H2 ... Hn made 2Fkgf on a

standardized test block as part of a HBW 5 1 performance verication and pDD – D2 – d2

HSTD certied average hardness value of the stan- where: dardized test block. Fkgf

test force in kgf 3.2.5 The mean diameter of an indentation d is calculated D diameter

of the indenter ball in mm and as: d measured mean diameter of the indentation in mm

d1 1 d2 1 ... 1 dn see Table 1. d5 n 5 3.2.2 The repeatability R in the performance of a

Brinellhardness machine at each hardness level under the particular Where:verication

conditions is estimated by the range of diameter d1 d2 ... dn measured indentation

diameters in mmmeasurements of n indentations made on a standardized test andblock as

part of a performance verication dened as: n the number of diameter measurements.

3.2.6 The average mean diameter d of a set of indentations R 5 dmax – dmin 2 is

calculated as: d1 1 d2 1 ... 1 dN d5 N 6 TABLE 1 Symbols and Designations Symbol

Designation where: D Diameter of the ball mm d1 d2 ... dN mean indentation diameters

in mm and N number of indentations see Annex A4. F Test force N 4. Signicance and

Use Fkgf Test force kgf 1 Fkgf 5 3 F 4.1 The Brinell hardness test is an indentation

hardness test gn that can provide useful information about metallic materials. where gn is

the acceleration due to gravity. gn 9.80665 kgf/N This information may correlate to

tensile strength wear resis- tance ductility or other physical characteristics of metallic d

Mean diameter of the indentation mm materials and may be useful in quality co.

2024年2月19日发(作者：英骊婧)

American Association State Highway Designation: E 10 – 07a and Transportation

Officials Standard AASHTO No.: T70–86 Standard Test Method for Brinell Hardness of

Metallic Materials1 This standard is issued under the xed designation E 10 the number

immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or in the

case of revision the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of

last reapproval. A superscript epsilon e indicates an editorial change since the last

revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the

Department of Defense.1. Scope Determine Conformance with Specications 1.1 This test

method covers the determination of the Brinell E 74 Practice of Calibration of

Force-Measuring Instru-hardness of metallic materials by the Brinell indentation ments

for Verifying the Force Indication of Testing Ma-hardness principle. This standard

provides the requirements for chinesa Brinell testing machine and the procedures for

performing E 140 Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals RelationshipBrinell hardness

tests. Among Brinell Hardness Vickers Hardness Rockwell 1.2 This standard includes

additional requirements in four Hardness Supercial Hardness Knoop Hardness

andannexes: Scleroscope Hardness Verication of Brinell Hardness Testing Machines

Annex A1 E 384 Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Ma- Brinell Hardness

Standardizing Machines Annex A2 terials Standardization of Brinell Hardness Indenters

Annex A3 2.2 American Bearings Manufacturer Association Stan- Standardization of

Brinell Hardness Test Blocks Annex A4 dard: 1.3 This standard includes nonmandatory

information in an ABMA 10-1989 Metal Balls3appendix which relates to the Brinell

hardness test: 2.3 ISO Standards: Table of Brinell Hardness Numbers Appendix X1

ISO/IEC 17011 Conformity Assessment—General Require- Examples of Procedures for

Determining Appendix X2 ments for Accreditation Bodies Accrediting Conformity

Brinell Hardness Uncertainty Assessment Bodies4 1.4 At the time the Brinell hardness

test was developed the ISO/IEC 17025 General Requirements for the Competenceforce

levels were specied in units of kilograms-force kgf. of Calibration and Testing4Although

this standard species the unit of force in theInternational System of Units SI as the

Newton N because 3. Terminology and Equationsof the historical precedent and

continued common usage of kgf 3.1 Denitions:units force values in kgf units are provided

for information and 3.1.1 calibration—determination of the values of the sig-much of the

discussion in this standard refers to forces in kgf nicant parameters by comparison with

values indicated by aunits. reference instrument or by a set of reference standards. 1.5

This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.1.2 verication—checking or testing

to assure conform-safety concerns if any associated with its use. It is the ance with the

sibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3.1.3

standardization—to bring in conformance with apriate safety and health practices and

determine the applica- known standard through verication or of

regulatory limitations prior to use. 3.1.4 Brinell hardness test—an indentation hardness

test using a veried machine to force an indenter tungsten carbide2. Referenced

Documents ball with diameter D under specied conditions into the 2.1 ASTM Standards:

2 surface of the material under test. The diameter of the resulting E 29 Practice for Using

Signicant Digits in Test Data to indentation d is measured after removal of the force.

3.1.5 Brinell hardness number—a number which is propor- tional to the quotient obtained

by dividing the test force by the 1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM

Committee E28 on curved surface area of the indentation which is assumed to

beMechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.06 on

spherical and of the diameter of the ation Hardness Testing. Current edition

approved April 1 2007. Published June 2007. Originallyapproved in 1924. Last previous

edition approved in 2007 as E 10 – 07e1 . 2 3 For referenced ASTM standards visit the

ASTM website or Available from American Bearing Manufacturers

Association ABMA 2025contact ASTM Customer Service at . For

Annual Book of ASTM M Street NW Suite 800 Washington DC 20036. 4Standards

volume information refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from

American National Standards Institute ANSI 25 W. 43rd ASTM website. 4th Floor

New York NY 10036 ght ASTM International 100 Barr

Harbor Drive PO Box C700 West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959 United States. ------- 1

E 10 – 07a 3.1.6 Brinell hardness scale—a designation that identies where:the specic

combination of ball diameter and applied force dmax mean diameter of the largest

measured indentationused to perform the Brinell hardness test. and 3.1.7 Brinell hardness

testing machine—a Brinell hardness dmin mean diameter of the smallest measured

indenta-machine used for general testing purposes. tion. ------- 3.1.8 Brinell hardness

standardizing machine—a Brinell 3.2.3 The average H of a set of n Brinell hardness

measure-hardness machine used for the standardization of Brinell ment values H1 H2 ...

Hn is calculated as:hardness test blocks. The standardizing machine differs from a H1 1

H2 1 ... 1 Hnregular Brinell hardness testing machine by having tighter H5 n 3tolerances

on certain parameters. 3.2.4 The error E in the performance of a Brinell hardness 3.1.9

force-diameter ratio—a number calculated as the ratio machine at each hardness level is

determined as:of the test force in kgf to the square of the indenter balldiameter in mm see

Table 1. E 5 H – HSTD 4 3.2 Equations: where: 3.2.1 The Brinell hardness number is

calculated as: H Eq 3 average of n hardness tests H1 H2 ... Hn made 2Fkgf on a

standardized test block as part of a HBW 5 1 performance verication and pDD – D2 – d2

HSTD certied average hardness value of the stan- where: dardized test block. Fkgf

test force in kgf 3.2.5 The mean diameter of an indentation d is calculated D diameter

of the indenter ball in mm and as: d measured mean diameter of the indentation in mm

d1 1 d2 1 ... 1 dn see Table 1. d5 n 5 3.2.2 The repeatability R in the performance of a

Brinellhardness machine at each hardness level under the particular Where:verication

conditions is estimated by the range of diameter d1 d2 ... dn measured indentation

diameters in mmmeasurements of n indentations made on a standardized test andblock as

part of a performance verication dened as: n the number of diameter measurements.

3.2.6 The average mean diameter d of a set of indentations R 5 dmax – dmin 2 is

calculated as: d1 1 d2 1 ... 1 dN d5 N 6 TABLE 1 Symbols and Designations Symbol

Designation where: D Diameter of the ball mm d1 d2 ... dN mean indentation diameters

in mm and N number of indentations see Annex A4. F Test force N 4. Signicance and

Use Fkgf Test force kgf 1 Fkgf 5 3 F 4.1 The Brinell hardness test is an indentation

hardness test gn that can provide useful information about metallic materials. where gn is

the acceleration due to gravity. gn 9.80665 kgf/N This information may correlate to

tensile strength wear resis- tance ductility or other physical characteristics of metallic d

Mean diameter of the indentation mm materials and may be useful in quality co.