219457103_马属(Equus_)动物球虫种类与世界分布-USB迷|专注于互联网分享

2024年3月8日发(作者：家君豪)

中国动物传染病学报2023,31(2):229-236Chinese Journal of Animal Infectious Diseases

·综述·马属（Equus）动物球虫种类与世界分布黄兵，董辉，赵其平，韩红玉，朱顺海，赵焕之，于珏（中国农业科学院上海兽医研究所农业农村部动物寄生虫学重点实验室，上海200241）摘要：为了解马属（Equus）动物球虫的种类及在世界各地的分布状况，本文收集整理了世界上有关马属动物球虫报道的相关文献，按虫种学名的字母为序，介绍了已报道的4种马属动物球虫，其中艾美耳属（Eimeria）3种、克氏孢子虫属（Klossiella）1种，每种球虫包括中文名称与学名、宿主名称、寄生部位、地理分布，地理分布按照国家和地区的英文或拼音字母为序。在收录的45个国家记录马属动物球虫中，土耳其记录4种，俄罗斯记录3种，澳大利亚等14个国家记录2种，阿尔巴尼亚等29个国家记录1种；有40个国家记录了鲁氏艾美耳球虫（E. leuckarti），16个国家记录了马克氏孢子虫（K. equi），5个国家记录了单蹄兽艾美耳球虫（E. uniungulati），3个国家记录了奇蹄兽艾美耳球虫（E. solipedum）。另外，在秘鲁、伊拉克、斯里兰卡、马其顿、莱索托的马粪便中均检出艾美耳球虫未定种，其感染率为1.63%~54.54%。本文基本能反映出马属动物球虫在世界范围的分布状况，为全面了解马属动物球虫的种类与地理分布提供了一份较为完整的基础资料。关键词：马属；球虫；艾美耳球虫；克氏孢子虫；种类；分布中图分类号：

文献标志码：A

文章编号：1674-6422（2023）02-0229-08Coccidia Species of

Equus (genus) and World DistributionHUANG Bing, DONG Hui, ZHAO Qiping, HAN Hongyu, ZHU Shunhai, ZHAO Huanzhi, YU Yu(Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai

200241, China)Abstract:

In order to comprehensively understand the coccidia species of

Equus (genus) and their distribution in different countries, we

reviewed the literatures and collected references of equine coccidia published so far in the world. A total of 4 equine coccidia species,

including 3

Eimeria spp. and 1

Klossiella sp., were introduced with the alphabetical order of their scientiﬁ c names. Each specie was

listed and introduced with its Chinese name, scientiﬁ c name, host name, parasitic site and geographical distribution. The geographical

distribution was listed with the alphabetical order according to English or Chinese name of a country or region. Among 45 countries listed,

Türkiye reported 4 equine coccidia species, Russia recorded 3 species, Australia and other 13 countries recorded 2 species, Albania and

other 28 countries recorded 1 species.

E. leuckarti,

K. equi,

uniungulati and

E. solipedum has been recorded in 40, 16, 5, 3 countries,

respectively. In addition, the unidentified

Eimeria species were detected in equine feces from Peru, Iraq, Sri Lanka, Macedonia and

Lesotho, and the infection rate was 1.63% to 54.54%. This review collected the basic distribution of equine coccidia in the world, and

provided a basic information for a comprehensively understanding of the species and geographical distribution of equine words:

Equus; coccidia; Eimeria; Klossiella;

species; distribution2022-01-11收稿日期：

国家寄生虫资源库（2019-194-30）基金项目：

黄兵，男，学士，研究员，主要从事球虫生物学与球虫病防治研究；董辉，男，博士，研究员，主要从事球虫免疫作者简介：

学与分子生物学研究黄兵，E-mail：***********.cn通信作者：

230 ·中国动物传染病学报2023年4月

马属（Equus Linnaeus, 1758）动物隶属于哺乳纲（Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758）、奇蹄目（Perissodactyla Owen, 1848）、马科（Equidae

Gray, 1821）、马族（Equini Quinn, 1955），现存4亚属7种及相关亚种，包括马亚属（Equus

Linnaeus,

1758）野马（Wild horse,

Equus ferus

Boddaert,

1785）的2个亚种，驴亚属（Asinus

Gray, 1824）非洲野驴（African wild ass或African wild donkey,

马亚属（Hippotigris Smith, 1841）平原斑马（Plains

zebra,

Equus quagga Boddaert, 1785）的6个亚种、山斑马（Mountain zebra,

Equus zebra

Linnaeus, 1758）的2个亚种，模式种为家马（Domestic horse,

Equus

caballus或Equus ferus caballus

Linnaeus, 1758）（表1）[1]。据Levine[2]记载，已报道的马属动物球虫仅有4种，其中艾美耳属（Eimeria）3种、克氏孢子虫属（Klossiella）1种。为全面了解马属动物球虫的种类及在世界各地的分布状况，本文收集整理了世界上报道马属动物球虫的相关文献，按虫种学名的字母为序，介绍了4种马属动物球虫在世界各地的分布状况。Equus africanus von Heuglin and Fitzinger, 1866）的3个亚种、亚洲野驴（Asiatic wild ass,

Equus hemionus

Pallas, 1775）的4个亚种、西藏野驴（Tibetan wild

ass,

Equus kiang Moorcroft, 1841）的4个亚种，细纹斑马亚属（Dolichohippus

Heller, 1912）的细纹斑马（Grévy's zebra, Equus grevyi

Oustalet, 1882），斑表1 马属动物现存种类Table 1 Extant species of

Equus

(genus)亚属Subgenus马亚属（Equus）驴亚属（Asinus）种Species野马（Equus ferus）非洲野驴（Equus africanus）亚洲野驴（Equus hemionus）西藏野驴（Equus kiang）细纹斑马亚属细纹斑马（Equus grevyi）（Dolichohippus）斑马亚属（Hippotigris）平原斑马（Equus quagga）山斑马（Equus zebra）亚种Subspecies家马（E. f. caballus

E. caballus），普氏马（E. f. przewalskii）努比亚野驴（E. a. africanus），家驴（E. a. asinus

E. asinus），索马里野驴（E. a. somaliensis）蒙古野驴（E. h. hemionus），印度野驴（E. h. khur），土库曼野驴（E. h. kulan），波斯野驴（E. h. onager）藏北野驴（E. k. chu），藏西野驴（E. k. kiang），藏东野驴（E. k. holdereri），藏南野驴（E. k. polyodon）格兰特斑马（E. q. boehmi），社氏斑马（E. q. borensis），查氏斑马（E. q. chapmani），克氏斑马（E. q. crawshayi），布氏斑马（E. q. burchellii），塞卢斯斑马（E. q. selousi）哈特曼山斑马（E. z. hartmannae），海角山斑马（E. z. zebra）1 鲁氏艾美耳球虫

Eimeria leuckarti

(Flesch, 1883) Reichenow, 1940同物异名：Globidium leuckarti Flesch, 1883;

[2]（Equus quagga）中的格兰特斑马（Grant's zebra,

Equus quagga boehmi[5]），山斑马（Mountain zebra,

Equus zebra[5]）。寄生部位：小肠[7]。地理分布：Albania阿尔巴尼亚[8]，Algeria阿尔及利亚（Algiers[9], Guelma[10], Guernini[11]），Australia澳大利亚（New South Wales[12], Tasmania[13],

Victoria[7]），Austria奥地利（Vienna[14]），Belarus白俄罗斯[15]，Belgium比利时[14]，Brazil巴西（Pernambuco[16], Rio de Janeiro[17], Rio Grande

do Sul[18]），Canada加拿大（Guelph[14], Nova

Eimeria (Globidium) leukarti Reichenow, 1940;

Eimeria cameli of Seitz, 1961。宿主名称：家马（Domestic horse,

Equus

[3][3]caballus -

type host），普氏马（Przewalski's horses,

Equus ferus przewalskii），家驴（Domestic donkey,

Equus asinus），亚洲野驴（Asian wild ass,

Equus

hemionus），骡（mule,

Equus mulus），细纹斑马（Grévy's zebra,

第31卷第2期黄兵等：马属（Equus）动物球虫种类与世界分布·

231 ·

Scotia[19], Ontario[7], Quebec[20]），China中国（吉林Jilin[21], 内蒙古Inner Mongolia[22], 宁夏Ningxia[21],

台湾Taiwan[23], 新疆Xinjiang[24]），Czech捷克（Xaveron[25]），Denmark丹麦[26]，Egypt埃及（Beni

Suef[27], Fayoum[27]），Finland芬兰[28]，Germany德国（Berlin[14], Hannover[29], Hesse[26], Holstein[26], Upper

Bavaria[30]），Greece希腊（Macedonia[31], Central

and Northern[32], Skyros Island[26], Thessalia[31]），Hungary匈牙利[33]，Iceland.冰岛[34]，India印度（Bikaner[35], Bombay[14], Haryana[26], Gujarat[26],

Karnataka[36], Madhya[26], Maharashtra[26], North

Gujarat[37], Rajasthan[38], Tamil Nadu[26], Uttar[26]），Iran伊朗（Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari[39], Urmia[40]），Italy（Abruzzo[26], Emilia[26], Hamburg[14], Marche[26],

Toscana[26], Udine[41]），Japan日本（Hokkaido[42]），Kenya肯尼亚[6,43]，Mexico墨西哥（La Sierra Madre

de Chiapas[44]），Mongolia蒙古（Dzungarian Gobi[4],

Great Gobi “B” Strictly Protected Area[45]），Netherlands荷兰，New Zealand新西兰（Palmerston

North[47]），Nigeria尼日利亚[26]，Pakistan巴基斯坦（Faisalabad/Punjab[48], Toba Tek Singh/Punjab[49]），Poland波兰（Cracow[50], Lublin[51]），Romania罗马尼亚（Center[52], North-Eastern[52], South-Eastern[53]），Russia俄罗斯（Moscow[54][46]caballus - type host[2]），家驴（Domestic donkey,

Equus asinus[2]）。寄生部位：不详（粪便中检出卵囊[2]）。地理分布：Azerbaijan阿塞拜疆[68]，Russia俄罗斯（Leningrad[69], Volga basin[69]），Türkiye土耳其（Elazig[70]）3 单蹄兽艾美耳球虫

Eimeria uniungulati

Gousseff, 1935宿主名称：家马（Domestic horse,

Equus

caballus -

type host[2]），家驴（Domestic donkey,

Equus asinus[2]）。寄生部位：不详（粪便中检出卵囊[2]）。地理分布：Azerbaijan阿塞拜疆[68]，Russia俄罗斯（Leningrad[69], Siberia[69], Volga region[69]），Tadzhikistan塔吉克斯坦[69]，Türkiye土耳其（Elazig[70]），Uzbekistan乌兹别克斯坦[69]。4 马克氏孢子虫

Klossiella equi Baumann,

1946同物异名：Eimeria utinensis

Selan and Vittorio,

1924[2];

Klossiella equi Seibold and Thorson, 1955[2]。宿主名称：家马（Domestic horse,

Equus

），Saudi-Arabia沙特[26]caballus -

type host[71]），普氏马（Przewalski's

horses,

Equus caballus przewalskii[72]），家驴（Domestic donkey,

Equus asinus[73]），格兰特斑马（Grant's zebra,

Equus quagga boehmi[74]），哈特曼山斑马（Hartmann’s Mountain zebra,

Equus zebra

阿拉伯（Eastern Province苏丹[26]），Serbia塞尔维亚[14]（Belgrade[55]），Slovenia斯洛文尼亚[26]，Sudan，Switzerland瑞士（Berne[59]），Türkiye[56-58]土耳其（Adana[56], Amasya[57], Ankara[58], Bursa[56,58],

Central Black Sea region[60][56], Eskişehir, Gemlik

[58]hartmannae[75]）。寄生部位：肾脏[69]。地理分布：Australia澳大利亚（New South

Wales[76], North Queensland[77]），Brazil巴西（Rio Grande do Sul[78]），Canada加拿大（New

Brunswick[79], Ontario[80]），Germany德国[81]，Hungary匈牙利[69, 71, 81]，Iran伊朗（Ahvaz[82]），Italy意大利[83]，Kenya肯尼亚[84]，Mexico墨西哥[85]，Mongolia蒙古[72]，New Zealand新西兰[86]，Panama巴拿马[87]，Poland波兰[88]，South Africa南非[81]，Türkiye土耳其（Malatya[56]），USA美国（Alabama[73], Colorado[89], Illinois[81], Maryland[71],

Bakirci, Karadeniz, Kars, KonyaUkraine乌克兰（Western regionKingdom英国（England国（AlabamaKentucky[66][65][64][14][56][56,61], Malatya,

Şanlıurfa[56]），Uganda乌干达（Karamoja[62]），[63]），United

），USA美[47][67], Scotland, Georgia[65][26][65], Arizona[65][26][65], Indiana,

, , Mexico, Minnesota[26], MontanaNebraska, Texas, Washington）。2 奇蹄兽艾美耳球虫

Eimeria solipedum

Gousseff, 1935宿主名称：家马（Domestic horse,

Equus

232 ·中国动物传染病学报2023年4月

Missouri[75], New York[90], Oregon[91], Tennessee[71]）本文共收录了45个国家报道的寄生于马属（Equus）动物的球虫4种（Eimeria 3种、Klossiella 1种），其中土耳其记录4种，俄罗斯记录3种，澳大利亚等14个国家记录2种，阿尔巴尼亚等29个国家记录1种。有40个国家记录E. leuckarti，16个国家记录720份粪样中检出30份球虫（Coccidia）阳性，感染率4.17%，未给出种类名称。本文中记录宁夏、吉林、新疆马的E. leuckarti，是依据其文献提供的球虫照片确定。魏梓霖（2020）[21]在宁夏银川、吉林白城的赛马粪便样品中均检出球虫，感染率分别为2.27%和13.79%；李治国等（2019）[24]对新疆19个市/县32个牧马群共519份新鲜马粪便样本进行检查，检出球虫感染率为1.0%；这两篇文献均未给出球虫种类名称，但从文章中提供的球虫卵囊照片判断，可确定为K. equi，5个国家记录E. uniungulata，3个国家记录E.

solipedum。此外，有4个国家在马属动物中检出E. leuckarti的同时，还检出Eimeria

sp./spp.。Mohammed等（2003）[92]报道在苏丹（Sudan）Blue Nile州Damazin地区的253匹马粪便中，有7匹检出Eimeria

spp.，感染率2.77%。Umur等（2009）[59]在土耳其（Türkiye）Central Black Sea地区的4匹马和3头驴粪便中检出Eimeria spp.。Çırak等（2021）[56]在土耳其Erzurum、Kars、Konya、Karadeniz、Van等省的马属动物粪便中检出Eimeria spp.，检出率为5%~31%。da Costa等（2018）[93]在巴西（Brazil）的Paraíba州，从40头骡中检出2头存在Eimeria sp.，感染率为5%。Ola-Fadunsin等（2019）[94]在尼日利亚（Nigeria）的Kwara和Niger两州的马粪便中均检出Eimeria spp.，其检出率分别为27.12%（16/59）和30.43%（14/46）。除正文中记录的45个国家外，还有5个国家报道在马的粪便中检出球虫。Miguel等（2000）[95]对秘鲁（Peru）Lima省3个地区（Cañete、Chaclacayo、Sayán）14个赛马场的369匹马粪便进行艾美耳球虫感染调查，检出Eimeria sp.阳性6份，感染率1.63%。Abbas等（2015）[96]在伊拉克（Iraq）Baghdad省的369份马粪样中检出Eimeria sp.阳性75份，感染率20.32%。Dissanayake等（2017）[97]在斯里兰卡（Sri Lanka）Delft岛的73匹马粪便中检出等孢球虫未定种（Isospora sp.），感染率为13.70%，但从给出的孢子化卵囊照片来看，应为艾美耳球虫，且不是E. leuckarti。Himonas等（2018）[98]对马其顿（Macedonia）的动物肠道原虫进行调查，在110匹马的粪便样品中，有60匹检出Eimeria spp.，感染率54.54%。Kompi等（2021）[99]在莱索托（Lesotho）Maseru地区进行马胃肠道寄生虫感染情况调查，从E. leuckarti。E. solipedum和E. uniungulati两种球虫由Gousseﬀ

W F于1935年命名，他对来自前苏联的3355匹马、251头驴和161头骡的粪便进行检测，发现了这两种球虫，其检出率低于3%，卵囊直径小于28

µm，未提及大型的E. leuckarti卵囊，因在随后的全球调查中未发现这两种球虫，Dubey等[26]认为从马属动物中检出的E. solipedum、E. uniungulati和Isospora

sp.是假寄生虫（无效种）。但从部分文献给出的Eimeria spp.卵囊照片，在马属动物粪便中确实存在形态和大小明显区别于E. leuckarti的种类，如来自伊拉克Al Diwaniyah省的马和驴[100]、肯尼亚Samburu县的细纹斑马[6]、斯里兰卡Delft岛的马[97]粪便中的球虫照片。Miguel等[95]在文章结论中，也表示观察到的Eimeria

sp.与E. leuckarti不同。因此，E. solipedum和E. uniungulati是否为无效种，有待进一步考证，本文仍按有效种列入。Klossiella equi隶属于真球虫目（Eucoccidiorida

Léger and Duboscq, 1910）、阿德尔亚目（Adeleorina

Léger, 1911）、克氏孢子虫科（Klossiellidae Smith

and Johnson, 1902）、克氏孢子虫属（Klossiella

Smith and Johnson, 1902），该属的模式种为小鼠克氏孢子虫（K. muris Smith and Johnson, 1902）[2]。在《英汉寄生虫学大词典》[101]中，将“Klossiella”译为“克（洛西埃拉）氏孢子虫”，“Klossiella

第31卷第2期黄兵等：马属（Equus）动物球虫种类与世界分布·

233 ·

“非洲野驴似克洛斯球虫”。因Klossiella equi的模式宿主为家马（Equus caballus），并已在普氏马和驴亚属、斑马亚属动物中检出，本文将其译为“马克氏孢子虫”。本文基本能反映出马属动物球虫在世界范围内的分布状况，为全面了解马属动物球虫的地理分布提供了一份较为完整的基础材料。由于受文献来源的限制，还有部分国家的马属动物球虫调查资料未能获得，有待于今后补充与完善。参考文献[1] Wikipedia.

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2024年3月8日发(作者：家君豪)

中国动物传染病学报2023,31(2):229-236Chinese Journal of Animal Infectious Diseases

文献标志码：A

文章编号：1674-6422（2023）02-0229-08Coccidia Species of

200241, China)Abstract:

In order to comprehensively understand the coccidia species of

Equus (genus) and their distribution in different countries, we

reviewed the literatures and collected references of equine coccidia published so far in the world. A total of 4 equine coccidia species,

including 3

Eimeria spp. and 1

Klossiella sp., were introduced with the alphabetical order of their scientiﬁ c names. Each specie was

listed and introduced with its Chinese name, scientiﬁ c name, host name, parasitic site and geographical distribution. The geographical

distribution was listed with the alphabetical order according to English or Chinese name of a country or region. Among 45 countries listed,

Türkiye reported 4 equine coccidia species, Russia recorded 3 species, Australia and other 13 countries recorded 2 species, Albania and

other 28 countries recorded 1 species.

E. leuckarti,

K. equi,

uniungulati and

E. solipedum has been recorded in 40, 16, 5, 3 countries,

respectively. In addition, the unidentified

Eimeria species were detected in equine feces from Peru, Iraq, Sri Lanka, Macedonia and

Lesotho, and the infection rate was 1.63% to 54.54%. This review collected the basic distribution of equine coccidia in the world, and

provided a basic information for a comprehensively understanding of the species and geographical distribution of equine words:

Equus; coccidia; Eimeria; Klossiella;

species; distribution2022-01-11收稿日期：

国家寄生虫资源库（2019-194-30）基金项目：

黄兵，男，学士，研究员，主要从事球虫生物学与球虫病防治研究；董辉，男，博士，研究员，主要从事球虫免疫作者简介：

学与分子生物学研究黄兵，E-mail：***********.cn通信作者：

230 ·中国动物传染病学报2023年4月

马属（Equus Linnaeus, 1758）动物隶属于哺乳纲（Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758）、奇蹄目（Perissodactyla Owen, 1848）、马科（Equidae

Gray, 1821）、马族（Equini Quinn, 1955），现存4亚属7种及相关亚种，包括马亚属（Equus

Linnaeus,

1758）野马（Wild horse,

Equus ferus

Boddaert,

1785）的2个亚种，驴亚属（Asinus

Gray, 1824）非洲野驴（African wild ass或African wild donkey,

马亚属（Hippotigris Smith, 1841）平原斑马（Plains

zebra,

Equus quagga Boddaert, 1785）的6个亚种、山斑马（Mountain zebra,

Equus zebra

Linnaeus, 1758）的2个亚种，模式种为家马（Domestic horse,

Equus

caballus或Equus ferus caballus

Equus hemionus

Pallas, 1775）的4个亚种、西藏野驴（Tibetan wild

ass,

Equus kiang Moorcroft, 1841）的4个亚种，细纹斑马亚属（Dolichohippus

Heller, 1912）的细纹斑马（Grévy's zebra, Equus grevyi

Oustalet, 1882），斑表1 马属动物现存种类Table 1 Extant species of

Equus

E. caballus），普氏马（E. f. przewalskii）努比亚野驴（E. a. africanus），家驴（E. a. asinus

Eimeria leuckarti

(Flesch, 1883) Reichenow, 1940同物异名：Globidium leuckarti Flesch, 1883;

[2]（Equus quagga）中的格兰特斑马（Grant's zebra,

Equus quagga boehmi[5]），山斑马（Mountain zebra,

Victoria[7]），Austria奥地利（Vienna[14]），Belarus白俄罗斯[15]，Belgium比利时[14]，Brazil巴西（Pernambuco[16], Rio de Janeiro[17], Rio Grande

do Sul[18]），Canada加拿大（Guelph[14], Nova

Eimeria (Globidium) leukarti Reichenow, 1940;

Eimeria cameli of Seitz, 1961。宿主名称：家马（Domestic horse,

Equus

[3][3]caballus -

type host），普氏马（Przewalski's horses,

Equus ferus przewalskii），家驴（Domestic donkey,

Equus asinus），亚洲野驴（Asian wild ass,

Equus

hemionus），骡（mule,

Equus mulus），细纹斑马（Grévy's zebra,

第31卷第2期黄兵等：马属（Equus）动物球虫种类与世界分布·

231 ·

Scotia[19], Ontario[7], Quebec[20]），China中国（吉林Jilin[21], 内蒙古Inner Mongolia[22], 宁夏Ningxia[21],

台湾Taiwan[23], 新疆Xinjiang[24]），Czech捷克（Xaveron[25]），Denmark丹麦[26]，Egypt埃及（Beni

Suef[27], Fayoum[27]），Finland芬兰[28]，Germany德国（Berlin[14], Hannover[29], Hesse[26], Holstein[26], Upper

Bavaria[30]），Greece希腊（Macedonia[31], Central

and Northern[32], Skyros Island[26], Thessalia[31]），Hungary匈牙利[33]，Iceland.冰岛[34]，India印度（Bikaner[35], Bombay[14], Haryana[26], Gujarat[26],

Karnataka[36], Madhya[26], Maharashtra[26], North

Gujarat[37], Rajasthan[38], Tamil Nadu[26], Uttar[26]），Iran伊朗（Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari[39], Urmia[40]），Italy（Abruzzo[26], Emilia[26], Hamburg[14], Marche[26],

Toscana[26], Udine[41]），Japan日本（Hokkaido[42]），Kenya肯尼亚[6,43]，Mexico墨西哥（La Sierra Madre

de Chiapas[44]），Mongolia蒙古（Dzungarian Gobi[4],

Great Gobi “B” Strictly Protected Area[45]），Netherlands荷兰，New Zealand新西兰（Palmerston

Eimeria uniungulati

Gousseff, 1935宿主名称：家马（Domestic horse,

Equus

caballus -

type host[2]），家驴（Domestic donkey,

Klossiella equi Baumann,

1946同物异名：Eimeria utinensis

Selan and Vittorio,

1924[2];

Klossiella equi Seibold and Thorson, 1955[2]。宿主名称：家马（Domestic horse,

Equus

），Saudi-Arabia沙特[26]caballus -

type host[71]），普氏马（Przewalski's

horses,

Equus caballus przewalskii[72]），家驴（Domestic donkey,

Equus asinus[73]），格兰特斑马（Grant's zebra,

Equus quagga boehmi[74]），哈特曼山斑马（Hartmann’s Mountain zebra,

Equus zebra

Central Black Sea region[60][56], Eskişehir, Gemlik

[58]hartmannae[75]）。寄生部位：肾脏[69]。地理分布：Australia澳大利亚（New South

Wales[76], North Queensland[77]），Brazil巴西（Rio Grande do Sul[78]），Canada加拿大（New

Bakirci, Karadeniz, Kars, KonyaUkraine乌克兰（Western regionKingdom英国（England国（AlabamaKentucky[66][65][64][14][56][56,61], Malatya,

Şanlıurfa[56]），Uganda乌干达（Karamoja[62]），[63]），United

），USA美[47][67], Scotland, Georgia[65][26][65], Arizona[65][26][65], Indiana,

, , Mexico, Minnesota[26], MontanaNebraska, Texas, Washington）。2 奇蹄兽艾美耳球虫

Eimeria solipedum

Gousseff, 1935宿主名称：家马（Domestic horse,

Equus

232 ·中国动物传染病学报2023年4月

solipedum。此外，有4个国家在马属动物中检出E. leuckarti的同时，还检出Eimeria

sp./spp.。Mohammed等（2003）[92]报道在苏丹（Sudan）Blue Nile州Damazin地区的253匹马粪便中，有7匹检出Eimeria

W F于1935年命名，他对来自前苏联的3355匹马、251头驴和161头骡的粪便进行检测，发现了这两种球虫，其检出率低于3%，卵囊直径小于28

µm，未提及大型的E. leuckarti卵囊，因在随后的全球调查中未发现这两种球虫，Dubey等[26]认为从马属动物中检出的E. solipedum、E. uniungulati和Isospora

sp.与E. leuckarti不同。因此，E. solipedum和E. uniungulati是否为无效种，有待进一步考证，本文仍按有效种列入。Klossiella equi隶属于真球虫目（Eucoccidiorida

Léger and Duboscq, 1910）、阿德尔亚目（Adeleorina

Léger, 1911）、克氏孢子虫科（Klossiellidae Smith

and Johnson, 1902）、克氏孢子虫属（Klossiella

第31卷第2期黄兵等：马属（Equus）动物球虫种类与世界分布·

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