专业英语四级模拟试卷619(题后含答案及解析)-USB迷|专注于互联网分享

2024年3月28日发(作者：丙山柳)

专业英语四级模拟试卷619

(题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. DICTATION 2. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 3. LANGUAGE

KNOWLEDGE 4. CLOZE 5. READING COMPREHENSION 6. WRITING

PART I DICTATIONDirections: Listen to the following passage. Altogether

the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be

done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and

third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase,

with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and

during this time you should check your work.

1．

正确答案： Sea Ice Sea ice surrounding Antarctica reached a new

record high extent this year. / It covers more of the southern oceans than it has / since

scientists began a long-term satellite record/ to map sea ice extent in the late 1970s. /

However, the upward trend in the Antarctic / is only about a third of the rapid loss of

sea ice in the Arctic Ocean. / The new Antarctic sea ice record reflects / the diversity

and complexity of Earth’s environments. / A senior scientist has referred to changes in

sea ice coverage / as a result of global climate change.

解析：本文主题是海冰。文章中涉及the Antarctic和the Arctic Ocean等

专有名词，听写时注意专有名词首字母应大写。文中出现的难词主要有satellite，

diversity，complexity。第一句中，注意surrounding作为sea ice的后置定语的一

部分要用现在分词形式，且整个句子的时态为一般过去时，故应注意reached用

过去式。第二句句子较长且句式复杂，than引导的从句中又包含着since引导的

时间状语从句，在听写时要注意根据停顿来辨认句子结构。

PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION

SECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk

ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at ANSWER SHEET ONE and write

NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word (s) you fill in

is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet

for have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.

听力原文：British Educational System Today I’ll talk about the British

educational system, including the primary and secondary education and the higher

education in Britain. First, I’ll briefly introduce the primary and secondary

education in Britain. In England and Wales,(1)students study in primary school from

age five until eleven. They attend secondary school until age sixteen. Before

graduating, students usually take seven comprehensive exams, called the General

Certificate of Secondary Education(GCSE)exams. After passing the GCSE exams,

students choose to study two to four subjects intensely for the GCE Advanced Level

exams, called “A levels”.(2)At eighteen, they enter higher education to focus on a

particular subject,called a “course”. Now let’s move on to the higher education in

Britain. First, I’ll talk about the general practices in England and Wales, and then the

general practices in Scotland. In England and Wales, prospective university

students apply for places through the Universities Central Council on

Admissions(UCCA). Students do not apply directly to the universities

themselves.(3)Successful candidates are admitted directly into a specific degree

“course”. A degree course normally takes three or four years to complete. At most

universities students study only one major subject. Each course is structured with a

fixed program of classes for the entire three years. Increasingly,(4)universities in the

United Kingdom are offering classes on a modular basis, which allows students to

broaden their studies creating a more interdisciplinary program. (5)At a British

university, more emphasis is placed on independent, self-directed study than in the

United States.(6)Classes often take the following forms: lectures, which are

sometimes completely optional: tutorials, in which a small number of students meet

with the lecturer: and seminars, larger discussion classes often based upon seminar

essays. (7)In Scotland, there are a variety of tertiary level options available for

students, the most important of which are the colleges of further education, the central

institutions, teachers colleges and the universities.(8)The colleges of further education

provide vocational and technical education, and enroll more students than all other

tertiary institutions combined. Central institutions provide courses leading to the

Higher National Diploma(HND), bachelor’s degrees and some specialized master’s

degrees. These institutions do not have the authority to directly validate degrees and

tend to offer a narrower range of subjects than the universities.(9)Many have close

ties to local businesses, offering cooperative work experiences that provide students a

period of practical training. Scottish universities are quite distinct from their

British counterparts.(10)In fact, they more closely resemble European or American

universities. The standard Scottish university degree is a four-year Honors degree(BA

Hons). Students are rarely admitted directly to a degree “course”. Usually they are

admitted to a faculty or simply admitted to the university as a whole. Scottish

university students begin with a broad-based program during the first year and choose

a specialization after the second or even the third year. Students may also elect to

complete a three-year Ordinary degree. This is a broad-based degree that does not

represent a “failed” Honors degree. With this, we’re coming to the end of today’s

lecture. Next time, we’ll talk about university degrees.

British Educational System I. Primary and secondary education in

Britain1)Children go to primary school at the age of【T1】.【T1】______2)Students

attend secondary school until age sixteen.3)Students enter【T2】at the age of eighteen.

【T2】______ II. Higher education in Britain1)In England and Wales:—Application

for universities: through the UCCA—【T3】structured with a fixed program of classes

【T3】______—Classes:a. Classes offered in the UK are on a(n)【T4】basis

increasingly:【T4】______b. More emphasis is placed on【T5】study:【T5】______c.

Classes often take the following forms:【T6】, tutorials, seminars.【T6】______2)In

Scotland:—A variety of tertiary level options are【T7】:【T7】______a. The colleges

of further education provide vocational and【T8】【T8】______ education:b. Central

institutions don’t directly validate degrees, but many haveclose ties to【T9】:【T9】

______c. The standard university degree is a four-year【T10】.【T10】______

2．【T1】

正确答案：five

3．【T2】

正确答案：higher education

4．【T3】

正确答案：Degree courses

5．【T4】

正确答案：modular

6．【T5】

正确答案：independent and self-directed

7．【T6】

正确答案：lectures

8．【T7】

正确答案：available

9．【T8】

正确答案：technical

10．【T9】

正确答案：local businesses

11．【T10】

正确答案：Honors degree

SECTION B CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear two

conversations. At the end of each conversation , five questions will be asked about

what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY.

After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should

read the four choices of [A], [B], [C] and [D], and mark the best answer to each

question on ANSWER SHEET have thirty seconds to preview the

questions.

听力原文：W: Well, Mr. Fox, would you please describe your feelings towards

criminals?M: It is true to say there are criminals, certain types of criminals who

er... I have to be very careful with what I say. W: Umm. M: I know

a... a person who has been caught so many times that he’s... he’s become part and

parcel of the station. You know,Old Sam is always in. And you can always guarantee

that(1)Old Fred will do something stupid about a week before Christmas so that he

can spend Christmas in a certain prison. W:(2-1)British policemen are not armed, that

is they do not carry guns. How do policemen feel about this? M:(2-2)I don’t think the

average policeman really thinks about it, you know. I honestly think he does not think

about it at all. I am sure if he did, he would probably be a worried man. W: Umm. M:

The reason I say this is that the average policemen in this country feels that the

average Englishman or Britisher is such a person that the use of arms and that sort of

thing is foreign to his nature.W: Um,he just wouldn’t think of using a pistol or

something.M: Of course,it is true to say that there are certain elements in the world

er... resorting to firearms. W: The organized professional criminals? M: The

organized professional criminals, this sort of people. Well, of course, one takes one’s

chances which you don’t think about,you know? W: But your impression is that

England is not a violent society. M:(3-1)Well, I don’t think we are a violent people.

You see, I think as a nation, if I can put it that way, er...(3-2)we love

compromise, you know? W: Umm. M: Everything we do is a compromise and I think

er... because of what I think probably we are not so violent. W: Have you

faced a man with a weapon for instance? M: I haven’t faced a man with a weapon.(4)I

have had an occasion where I had a man er... locked himself into a house and

he wouldn’t come out and he was threatening people with all sorts of things. W: What

did you do in that particular case? M: Well, you just go and sit down and have a chat

with him. You talk to him. You start talking outside the building and you walk in and

you eventually get to the bottom of the stairs and you talk and talk and you try to

build up some understanding or some common point, some common denominator

between you. W: Understanding?M: Understanding.. .once you do that then you have

W: You mean you have to get his trust first? M: I think so.W: This is what you

did on this particular occasion? M: Yes, and I hope this doesn’t sound pompous? W:

No. M: And this is it and of course, everything works out quite well.(5)You have got

to be patient.1. Why does Old Fred do something stupid?2. What do the average

British policemen think about not being armed?3. In the opinion of the interviewee,

what do the English people love?4. What did the man mentioned in the interview

do?5. What is the most important factor in dealing with a life-threatening situation?

12．

A．He has some mental problems.

B．He is too old to know what he is doing.

C．He wants to have a good Christmas.

D．He has got into the habit of stealing.

正确答案：C

13．

A．They don’t really think about it.

B．They dislike it very much.

C．They worry about it greatly.

D．They want a reform.

正确答案：A

14．

A．Violence.

B．Compromise.

C．Firearms.

D．Police.

正确答案：B

15．

A．He threatened the police.

B．He took some hostages.

C．He robbed a bank.

D．He locked himself in a house.

正确答案：D

16．

A．Power.

B．Skills.

C．Patience.

D．Weapons.

正确答案：C

听力原文：W: I think we all know an intersection or a stretch of road that is

dangerous and needs to be fixed. Well, there’s some federal money available through

the Black Spot funding program. Jamie Briggs is an MP. Welcome, Jamie.M: Thanks.

New South Wales has appointed John Cobb as the chair of the Black Spot consultative

panel.(6)And, John knows transport needs very well in New South Wales, and he

brings a level of experience to the Black Spot committee, which will ensure we get

the best value of money that we want, but also improve our productive capacity on

important metro but also, importantly, regional roads.W: Today we’re broadcasting

not just to the Riverina, but to the southwest and the southeast of the state.M: Well,

look, in respect to this program, the Federal Government runs the Black Spot Program.

It’s a $ 60 million program a year, spread across the states. Obviously, New South

Wales gets a good share of that.(7)What people can do with their local government

particularly is to identify black spots which have had a crash history, where there have

been incidents over the last two or three years. They can identify those black spots to

the committee, they don’t need all that much information, and they can fill it out

themselves.W: Well, what do you want our regions to do?M: We want our regions to

do better, we want our regions to be sending more of our high quality primary

produce to ports to get onto ships, to export overseas, and to do that we need the most

effective road network.(9-1)And the Australian Government’s committing to spending

significant amounts to upgrade major roads, in Sydney, for instance, we’re

committing $1.5 billion, as part of the WestConnex proposal, which has an impact on

our freight capacity, of course, getting our stuff to airports and to ports.(8)But this

program, while it’s small, makes a significant contribution to our regional

development because it ensures we get productive capacity on many roads which are

suffering from substandard infrastructure. And, what I’ve asked John Cobb to do is to

lead this committee and get the best value for the money that we allocate each year.W:

Should the business sector, businesses that set up in certain areas be asked to help

fund roads?M:(10-1)Well, indeed they are on some occasions, and part of the

challenge the country has, as both state and federal governments deal with Labor’s

debt is to increasingly find ways to attract private sector investment. Sometimes that’s

through pricing.(9-2)The private sector is involved in the WestConnex project, and is

incentivized to be involved. So, of course, in that instance, it’s attractive to both

federal, state governments, but also the private sector, and(10-2)we’ll increasingly be

looking at ways to attract private sector investment into our important economic

infrastructure.W: All right, it’s time to end today’s program. Thank you, Jamie.

Thanks for talking with us.M: My pleasure.6. What do we know about John Cobb’s

experience to Black Spots according to the interview?7. How can people in New

South Wales join in the program?8. Why does Black Spot program contribute a lot to

the local economy?9. What does WestConnex proposal mentioned by the interviewee

involve?10. Which of the following statements is CORRECT about private

investment in economic infrastructure?

17．

A．It will help fix dangerous intersections of roads.

B．It will contribute to raising more federal fund.

C．It will enhance the committee’s work efficiency.

D．It will ensure the most efficient use of the federal fund.

正确答案：D

18．

A．By filling in some online forms about local crash history.

B．By identifying some black spots of the local committees.

C．By recognizing accident-prone roads and reporting them.

D．By donating money to the funding program on the Internet.

正确答案：C

19．

A．It attracts funding to the local economic development.

B．It ensures the best value of the freight exported overseas.

C．It enhances the productive capacity of the economic infrastructure.

D．It makes significant profit in the local infrastructure projects.

正确答案：C

20．

A．A $1.5 billion investment to upgrade bridges.

B．Plans of transporting the staff easily to the airports.

C．Projects of decreasing the freight capacity of ports.

D．The private investment besides the federal funding.

正确答案：D

21．

A．Business sector provides investment through pricing.

B．Private sectors are given incentives to fund infrastructure.

C．Businesses are set up in certain areas to help fund roads.

D．Private investment is needed to deal with Labor’s debt.

正确答案：B

PART III LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this

section. Beneath each sentence there are four words, phrases or statements marked

[A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose one word, phrase or statement that best completes the

sentence.

22． In the sentence “He saw his face reflected in the water”, the italicized

phrase is______.

A．the object

B．an adverbial

C．a complement

D．the subject

正确答案：C

解析：译文：在句子“他看到他的脸倒映在水中”，斜体部分是______。句

子成分题。该句中，he为主语，saw为谓语，his face为宾语，reflected in the water

为补语，解释说明his face，故[C]为答案。

23． Which of the following italicized phrases indicates PURPOSE?

A．He wanted all the running of the business for himself.

B．I knew he worked for a security firm.

C．I thanked him for his help.

D．The knife for cutting sausage was sitting in the sink.

正确答案：D

解析：译文：下列哪一项的斜体短语表达“目的”?句意理解题。[D]中的for

cutting sausage表明the knife的“目的”，故为答案。[A]、[B]、[C]中for引导的

短语均表示“对象”。

24． Which of the following italicized parts is a subject clause?

A．I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.

B．He will have it that our plan is really practical.

C．We take it that you will agree with us.

D．It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.

正确答案：D

解析：译文：下列哪一项的斜体部分为主语从句?主语从句题。[D]中含有一

个that引导的主语从句，而句首的it为形式主语，故为答案。[A]、[B]、[C]中

均含有一个that引导的宾语从句，句中it均为形式宾语。

25． It is stability______destroys people’s ambition and barricades people’s

steps.

A．which

B．what

C．that

D．/

正确答案：C

解析：译文：正是安逸毁掉了人们的野心，阻断了人们的步伐。强调句型题。

本题考查强调句型，陈述句的强调句型为“It is／was+被强调部分(通常是主语、

宾语或状语)+that／who(当强调主语且主语指人时)+其他部分”，故[C]为答案。

26． You have to water the vegetables every day,______?

A．don’t you

B．have you

C．haven’t you

D．do you

正确答案：A

解析：译文：你每天都要给菜浇水，不是吗?反意疑问句题。当反意疑问句

的陈述部分谓语为have to时，反意疑问句通常用助动词do，句中应该用do的

否定形式，故选[A]。

27． Which of the following italicized parts indicates CONTRAST?

A．He is doing his homework while his dog is playing outside.

B．They used to live in the same building when they were young.

C．While the party won the election, they had lost many votes from lower class.

D．Work hard and you will benefit from it.

正确答案：C

解析：译文：下列斜体部分哪一个表示“对比”?句意理解题。通过分析我

们可知，and一般表示的是并列的意思，故排除[D]；when和while都有表示时

间的意思，但while还可能引导让步状语从句。根据句意分析，[C]中的前后两句

有转折的意思，表示一种对比，因此答案为[C]。

28． Whether we help him or not, he will succeed. The italicized part functions

as a(n)______in the sentence.

A．adverbial clause of condition

B．adverbial clause of time

C．adverbial clause of concession

D．adverbial clause of cause

正确答案：C

解析：译文：无论我们是否帮助他，他都会成功的。句中斜体部分在文中的

作用是——。句子成分题。whether…or…引导让步状语从句，表示“不管……”

的意思，因此本题选[C]。

29． The pair of words “lend” and “borrow” are______.

A．antonyms

B．hyponyms

C．homonyms

D．synonyms

正确答案：A

解析：译文：“lend”和“borrow”是一对——。功能词汇题。根据题意可

知，本题旨在考查考生对lend和borrow两个词汇的理解。表面上看，两者都可

以说是“借”，但lend表示“借出去”，而borrow则是“借过来”，两者的本质

完全相反，属于一对反义词，因此答案为[A]。

30． Which of the following determiners(限定词)can be placed before both

singular countable nouns and plural countable nouns?

A．A great deal of.

B．A few.

C．Little.

D．Enough.

正确答案：D

解析：译文：下列限定词中哪一个可以用在单数可数名词与复数可数名词之

前?限定词用法题。根据题意可知，本题主要考查考生对于限定词与名词单复数

之间关系的理解程度。在上述四个选项中，[A]和[C]只能用来修饰不可数名词，

[B]只能用来修饰可数名词，只有[D]是例外，它可以用在单数可数名词与复数可

数名词之前，因此答案为[D]。

31． Which of the following sentences expresses UNWILLINGNESS?

A．Hard as my work is, I will try to meet the deadline.

B．I shall never do that again.

C．My sister will help figure it out.

D．This is what I have left for you.

正确答案：B

解析：译文：下列句子中哪一个表示“不乐意”?句意理解题。根据题意可

知，本题需要选的是一个蕴含“不乐意、不情愿”意思的句子。[A]为让步状语

从句，表示“工作虽然艰苦，但还是要赶工。”没有不情愿的含义；[C]表明“姐

姐会来帮助解决这个问题。”没有不情愿的含义；[D]属于陈述事实，没有不情愿

的含义；只有[B]有抱怨和不乐意的意思，表明说话人不再愿意再干某事。因此

答案为[B]。

32． Which of the following sentences does NOT express a fact?

A．Mary and her son must be home by now.

B．Attenion should be paid to what you are doing now.

C．It’s a sunny day, isn’t it?

D．It’s time now, and I must go.

正确答案：A

解析：译文：下列句子中哪一个不是在阐述事实?句意理解题。根据题意可

知，本题需要选的是一个没有表明客观事实的句子。[A]中的must be表示一种推

断，是具有某种可能性的意思，不是在阐述事实，因此答案为[A]。

33． Which of the following sentences can NOT delete the word “should”?

A．I request that company should pay more to those who work hard.

B．He insists that money should be saved in banks.

C．I should have told you earlier so that you can make full preparation.

D．She demands that her husband should take care of their baby today.

正确答案：C

解析：译文：下列句子中哪一个不能省略掉“should”?虚拟语气题。根据

题意，通过分析可知，本题旨在考查考生对should用法的掌握情况。在本题中，

[A]、[B]和[D]均为虚拟语气，先行词分别为request，insists和demands，从句中

的should可省略。只有[C]中的should不能省略，should have表示应该做某事而

没有做，因此答案为[C]。

34． Which of the following sentences does NOT include an appositive(clause)?

A．We ourselves wanted to see such a result.

B．All people, old and young, strong and weak, have rooted their hope in

American dream.

C．The fact that religion has played a very important part in the development of

science is often forgotten.

D．We are going to hold a meeting in Nanjing tomorrow night.

正确答案：D

解析：译文：下列句子中哪一个不含有同位语(从句)?句子成分题。根据题

意可知，本题需要选的是一个不包含同位语的句子。[A]中的ourselves是we的

同位语；[B]中的old and young和strong and weak是all people的同位语；[C]则

含有一个由that引导的同位语从句，解释说明前面的the fact；只有[D]不含有同

位语，因此答案为[D]。

35． ______she started complaining.

A．Hardly had he arrived when

B．He hardly had arrived when

C．He hardly arrived that

D．Hardly had he arrived that

正确答案：A

解析：译文：他一到，她就开始抱怨。倒装结构题。Hardly…when…的结构

为Hardly had sb．done sth．when…，故[A]为答案。

36． The size of the newly broadened square is four times______of the previous

one.

A．as

B．what

C．that

D．/

正确答案：C

解析：译文：这个新扩建的广场有以前的四倍大。倍数表达题。表达倍数时，

有一种结构为“the+计量名词+of+A+be+倍数+that+of+B”，可知此处应填入that，

故[C]为答案。

37． Chinese people are usually described as hospitable, generous and amiable.

The underlined part means______.

A．humble

B．modest

C．admirable

D．pleasant and friendly

正确答案：D

解析：译文：人们经常用热情好客、慷慨大方和amiable来形容中国人。画

线部分的意思是——。形容词辨析题。humble意为“谦逊的”；modest意为“谦

虚的”；admirable意为“令人钦佩的”；pleasant and friendly意为“友善的”。根

据语境，amiable意为“和蔼可亲的”，因此[D]正确。

38． The defendant is now at the mercy of judges for his misbehavior. The

underlined part means______.

A．at hand

B．under the control of

C．in name of

D．beyond the mercy of

正确答案：B

解析：译文：现在，被告因为他的错误行为at the mercy of法官。画线部分

的意思是——。短语理解题。 at hand意为“即将到来”；under the control of意

为“在……的掌控下”；in name of意为“以……的名义”；没有beyond the mercy

of的表述。根据语境，at the mercy of意为“任……摆布”，因此[B]正确。

39． What politicians cherish most is the benefits of their parties. The underlined

part means______.

A．miss

B．remember

C．favor

D．learn

正确答案：C

解析：译文：政客们最为cherish的莫过于其政党的利益。画线部分的意思

是——。动词辨析题。 miss意为“想念”；remember意为“记住”；favor意为

“喜爱，珍爱”；learn意为“学习”。根据语境，cherish意为“珍视”，因此[C]

正确。

40． The process of the development of modernization can be measured by the

level of people’s living. The underlined part means______.

A．estimated

B．thought

C．considered

D．described

正确答案：A

解析：译文：现代化发展的过程可以通过人民的生活水平来measured。画线

部分的意思是——。动词辨析题。 estimated意为“估计”；thought意为“想”；

considered意为“考虑到”；described意为“描述”。根据语境，measured意为“衡

量”，因此[A]正确。

41． Scientists have known how to harness the limitless power of the sun. The

underlined part means______.

A．accomplish

B．utilize

C．balance

D．circulate

正确答案：B

解析：译文：科学家们已经知道如何harness无穷尽的太阳能。画线部分意

为______。动词辨析题。 harness意为“治理；驾驭；利用”，在本句中意为“利

用”，[B]utilize意为“利用，运用”，两者意思相同，故[B]为答案。accomplish

意为“完成；实现”；balance意为“使平衡；结算”；circulate意为“使循环；使

流通”。

PART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would

best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. The words can be

used ONCE ONLY.

[A]advocates[B]approaching[C]constantly[D]decrease[E]enlarge[F]financial[G]f

undamental[H]gracious[I]ignored[J]intention[K]justified[L]negative[M]proceeding[N

]rigidly[O]successors There is much discussion today about whether economic

growth is desirable. At an earlier period, our desire for material wealth may have been

【C1】______. Now, however, this desire for more than we need is causing serious

problems【C2】______. Even though we have good 【C3】______, we may be

producing too much, too fast. Those who criticize economic growth argue that we

must slow down. They believe that society is【C4】______certain limits on growth.

These include the fixed supply of natural resources, the possible【C5】______effects of

industry on the natural environment, and the continuing increase in the world’s

population. As society reaches these limits, economic growth can no longer continue,

and the quality of life will【C6】______. People who want more economic growth,

on the other hand, argue that even at the present growth rate there are still many poor

people in the world. These【C7】______ of economic growth believe that only more

growth can create the capital needed to improve the quality of life in the world.

Furthermore, they argue that only continued growth can provide the【C8】______

resources required to protect our natural surroundings from industrialization. This

debate over the desirability of continued economic growth is of【C9】

______importance to business and industry. If those who argue against economic

growth are correct, the problems they mention cannot be【C10】______. To find a

solution, economists and the business community must pay attention to these

problems and continue discussing them with one another.

42．【C1】

正确答案：K

解析：动词辨析题。空格前为have been，后为句号，因此空格处较有可能

填动词的过去分词。本句提到，在早期，我们对物质财富的渴望可能是——；下

一句提到，然而现在，这种对物质财富的渴望正在引起一些严重的问题。由下一

句中的转折词however可知，本句应与下一句意思相反，故justified”证明……有

道理”符合题意。

43．【C2】

正确答案：C

解析：副词辨析题。本句基本结构完整，因此空格处应填副词作状语。备选

副词中，rigidly意为“顽固地；严厉地”，与题意不符，故可排除。constantly意

为“持续不断地，经常地”，在此强调“不断地引起严重问题”，符合题意。

44．【C3】

正确答案：J

解析：名词辨析题。空格前为have good，后为逗号，因此空格处应填名词。

结合此处句意“即使我们有好的______，但我们可能生产得过多、过快”可知，

备选名词中的intention“意图，目的”符合题意。

45．【C4】

正确答案：B

解析：动词辨析题。由空格后提到的limits和本段最后一句提到的As society

reaches these limits…可知，空格所填词应与reaches意思相近，故选approaching”

接近”。

46．【C5】

正确答案：L

解析：形容词辨析题。空格前为the possible，后为名词effects，故空格处较

有可能填形容词修饰effects。本句中的and连接了三个并列的名词短语作动词

include的宾语，根据第一个和第三个并列宾语“有限的自然资源供给”和“不

断增长的世界人口”可以推断，空格所填形容词应具有否定含义，表明工业对自

然环境的影响是负面的，故选negative“不良的”。

47．【C6】

正确答案：D

解析：动词辨析题。空格前为will，后为句号，故空格处应填动词原形。句

中的并列连词and提示其后面的内容应与前面的economic growth can no longer

continue“经济增长无法持续”意思一致，故此处应是说明生活质量也将“下降”，

故选decrease”变小，减少”。

48．【C7】

正确答案：A

解析：名词辨析题。空格前为These，后为介词短语of economic growth，因

此空格处应填复数名词，本句动词believe提示所填名词应是指人的名词。结合

此处句意“那些经济增长的——认为，只有更多的经济增长才能创造出改善世界

生活质量所需的资本”和备选名词可知，advocates“提倡者，拥护者”符合题意。

49．【C8】

正确答案：F

解析：形容词辨析题。空格前为provided the，后为名词resources，因此空

格处较有可能填形容词修饰resources。由上一句提到的“只有更多的经济增长才

能创造出改善世界生活质量所需的资本”可知，此处应该是指为环境保护提供财

力支持，故选financial“财政的，金融的”。

50．【C9】

正确答案：G

解析：形容词辨析题。空格前为介词of，后为名词importance，因此空格处

较有可能填形容词修饰importance。结合此处句意“这场关于持续经济增长是否

可取的争论对工商业具有——的重要性”和备选形容词可知，fundamental“根本

的，基础的”符合题意。

51．【C10】

正确答案：I

解析：动词辨析题。空格前为cannot be，后为句号，因此空格处较有可能

填动词的过去分词。结合最后一段提到的“必须关注这些问题”和备选项可知，

ignored“置之不理”符合题意，表明这些问题很重要，不能置之不理。

PART V READING COMPREHENSION

SECTION AIn this section there are several passages followed by ten

multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers

marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.

Up to 600 stations for monitoring air pollution across England could be shut

down under new government plans to save money by cutting regulations.

Ministers want to remove obligations on local authorities to assess air quality in their

areas, resulting in less monitoring. But environmental campaigners are accusing them

of trying to hide one of the country’s biggest public health problems. Government

advisers have estimated that one type of pollutant—miniscule(微小的)particles from

diesel engines, fossil fuel power stations and other sources—is killing 29,000 people a

year in the UK, and costing health services about ￡16 billion. But European air

pollution limits meant to protect health are being breached in urban areas across the

country, with the highest levels in London. According to the Department for

Environment Food and Rural Affairs(Defra), the limits for the toxic exhaust gas,

nitrogen dioxide, were exceeded in 40 of the UK’s 43 air quality zones in 2010.

But now Defra has launched a six-week consultation, due to close on 30 August,

proposing a radical overhaul of the local air quality management regime that has been

in place since 1997. The proposals are aimed at helping meet ministers’ “red tape

challenge” to roll back legislation in order to help businesses(choice). The

favoured option is to drop existing requirements for councils to make detailed

assessments of air pollution. Defra’s analysis shows that this could lead to the closure

of 600 monitoring sites, all of which measure nitrogen dioxide and a quarter of which

also test for pollution from tiny particles. The closures could save councils nearly

￡50m over 10 years, Defra suggests. The proposals only apply to England, and have

been rejected by the Scottish government on the grounds that they “would deliver no

obvious benefit”. “The UK government wants to hide air pollution and cares

nothing for public health,” said Simon Birkett, director of the campaign group, Clean

Air in London. He points out that the consultation is taking place in the summer

holidays and describes the financial saving as illusory. He added: “Worse, the

changes would mean the loss of key protections in the planning system and the very

monitors and expertise needed now to improve air quality.” Prof. Duncan Laxen,

the managing director of Air Quality Consultants in Bristol, said that much of our

understanding of air pollution has come from local authority monitoring: “It will be a

retrograde step if the government’s preferred option is to lose this local knowledge.

“ Defra insisted that the aim is to “reinvigorate and refocus” local air quality

management. It said that the current regime was “diagnosis driven” and that “the level

of local reporting can distract resources from air quality improvement”.

52． According to Paragraph Five to Eight, which of the following statements is

INCORRECT?

A．The current local air quality management regime has existed for less than 15

years.

B．A consultation has been launched by Defra to inspect the air management

regime thoroughly.

C．Defra’s analysis shows that about 150 monitoring sites test for pollution from

tiny particles.

D．People hold diverse opinions about whether the closure proposals could save

money or not.

正确答案：A

解析：细节题。据第五段首句描述the local air quality management regime that

has been inplace since 1997，当地的空气质量管理制度于1997年便产生了。由此

可以推断，其距现在应该超过了15年，[A]中less than 15 years与原文不符，故

为错误陈述，应选[A]。

53． It can be inferred that the closures have been refused by the Scottish

government for the reason that______.

A．little money could be saved for the government

B．they would gain no conspicuous benefits

C．they were rejected by the Scottish people

D．they would distract resources from air quality improvement

正确答案：B

解析：推断题。第七段第二句给出了具体的原因：The proposals…have been

rejected by theScottish government on the grounds that they“would deliver no

obvious benefit”．[B]是对该句的转述，故为答案。

I first met Antigone when I was nine. She just hung there on the wall. Her

task was to bury her dead brother: mine was to dust her off. As I polished the frame

that held her, I fell in love with a world so different from mine, one of poetic words

and lofty art. While helping my mom clean professors’ homes, I became conscious of

socioeconomic stratification(阶层), of looking within while being without. Like many

minority women, my mom did this as a second job—a burden we both carried just so

that we could get by. I grew up watching minority and immigrant women having

to hustle to make it. I marveled at how resourceful and entrepreneurial they had to be,

and I also witnessed how the economic tradeoffs they endured hampered their ability

to compete for the type of jobs that led to a career. They leaned in to work as hard as

anyone. They had no alternative. But they vied for a chance to clean the boardroom,

not for a seat in it. That sheds light on the troubling correlation between gender,

race and income inequality in this country. Let’s remember that the median wealth of

white households is 20 times that of African-American households and 18 times that

of Hispanic households—which are overwhelmingly run by single mothers. More

than just statistics, the data highlight why we need a more expansive understanding of

the choices women face in America. I am an immigrant who came to the United

States as a child when my parents fled communist Romania. My mom cleaned schools.

My dad drove trucks. We spent weekends with him on the road because it was the

only time the three of us could be together. Those are the types of realities that impede

many women from pursuing their dreams. Telling minority women to be tough and

aggressive ignores the difficulties they’ve overcome to get here. It’s preaching to the

choir. While money isn’t always the solution, it is certainly a key part of the

problem. For many women, believing they can lean in to a career, rather than multiple

low-paying jobs, starts when they’re exposed to alternate realities. They need a sense

of community that extends beyond others who sound or look like them, and that can

help them see new opportunities. That’s why we should make sure the debate on

women’s empowerment doesn’t leave out those who can’t afford the same set of

choices. The First Lady seems to understand this. She hosts dinners occasionally

at the White House for young women from underserved communities, because she

knows that success and achievement in many ways require an exposure to money and

power. If women learn to be comfortable in that setting， they also begin to see a new

range of what is possible. That’s the type of outreach and exposure that encouraged

me to even consider going to the University of Chicago and later Harvard Kennedy

School, places no one in my own immigrant community considered as options.

54． Which of the following statements about the first paragraph is true?

A．Antigone had to bury her dead brother when she was a child.

B．I once worked as a house cleaner at a professor’s home.

C．My mother took several jobs to support the whole family.

D．I fell in love with Antigone because we belong to the same social status.

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。根据第一段最后一句中的my mom did this as a second job，

可知作者的母亲必须同时兼顾几份职业来维持整个家庭的生计。故[C]符合文意。

55． By mentioning the sentence “It’s preaching to the choir.”, the author means

____.

A．the minority women are not tough and aggressive enough to pursue their

dreams

B．the minority women had to neglect the difficulties to pursue their dreams

C．it’s impossible for the minority women to pursue their dreams

D．it’s in vain to tell the minority women to be tough to pursue their dreams

正确答案：D

解析：语义题。第四段最后三句指出，少数民族女性艰难的现实生活阻碍了

她们为自己的梦想而奋斗，故一味要求其吏坚强，更富进取心而追求梦想不啻“对

已有相同看法的人鼓吹同样的主张”，故而是白费唇舌，只有[D]与文章意思相同，

为正确选项。

56． What may be the author’s main purpose in writing this passage?

A．To reveal the living reality of the minority and immigrant women in America.

B．To analyze the correlation between gender, race and income inequality in

America.

C．To explain why the minority women need to expose to the new world.

D．To depict the life and learning experiences of the author as a minority woman.

正确答案：C

解析：主旨题。作者从描述以其母亲为代表的底层女性的工作现状出发，揭

示其生活的困境，并通过第一夫人在白宫宴请底层年轻女性的举动以及作者自身

的求学经历来进一步论证，要改变这一现状，必须给予这一群体接触“新世界”

生活方式的机会，因而主要目的是对这一观点的解释说明，故[C]符合题意。

In the early days of artificial intelligence research, it was commonplace for

the well-educated academics in the field to(mistakenly)think that being “intelligent”

meant being good at things that other well-educated academic researchers struggled at,

like playing chess. We now know, however, that it’s far harder to get robots to do

things that come naturally to us(like identify objects and pick them up)than it is to get

them to prove logical theorems(定理)or find patterns in huge volumes of data—things

we humans struggle at. This and other counter-intuitive trends in AI and research on

the nature of human intelligence have discouraged researchers from trying to predict

which jobs will be automated, but a provocative new study by Carl Frey and Michael

Osborne at Oxford University tries to do just that, and their findings are alarming.

In “The Future of Employment: How Susceptible Are Jobs to Computerisation?”,

Frey and Osborne estimate that 47 percent of U. S. jobs are at risk of being automated

in the next 20 years. This does not mean that they necessarily will be

automated(despite the way the study has been portrayed in some media outlets)—

rather, the authors argue, it is plausible over the next two decades that existing and

foreseeable AI technologies could be used to cost-effectively automate those jobs out

of existence. Machines may not(and probably won’t)do the jobs the same way as

people, however—just remember the last time you used an automated check-out

system at a grocery store. There’s a difference between machines doing something

cheaply and doing it well. Frey and Osborne took into account the possibility of such

“task simplification” in their analysis. Which jobs are most at risk? According to

“The Jetsons”, we should expect robots to clean our houses and do other

working-class occupations that educated elites have historically looked down upon as

“unskilled”. But anyone who has done such a job, or has watched an episode of

“Undercover Boss” and seen highly-paid CEOs fumble while trying to carry out the

demanding minimum wage jobs usually performed by their underlings(下属), knows

that there is no such thing as unskilled labor anymore(if there ever was), especially if

you are comparing humans and machines in the same breath. The gap between

humans and current AI is vastly greater than the differences between humans.

Frey and Osborne focus on “engineering bottlenecks” in AI and robotics, and compare

these stumbling points with the requirements of jobs in order to determine which are

most and least likely to be vulnerable to automation. The biggest bottlenecks are

perception and manipulation, creative intelligence, and social intelligence, all of

which computers struggle mightily at(but Rosie the Robot excelled at, by the way).

While the trend in recent decades has been towards a hollowing out of “middle-skill”

jobs and an increase in low-paying service sector jobs and high-paying, highly

educated jobs, Frey and Osborne expect that automation in the future will mainly

substitute for “low-skill and low-wage” jobs.

57． According to the research of the artificial intelligence(AI), which of the

following statements is true?

A．It is much easier to get robots to do complex things such as playing chess.

B．It is much easier to get robots to identify objects and pick them up.

C．It is much more difficult to get robots to find patterns in huge volumes of data.

D．It is much more difficult for humans to prove logical theorems.

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。第一段第二句为比较级结构，比较的对象分别是让机器人做

一些我们信手拈来的事情(如识别与拾捡物体等)与让机器人做逻辑运演、在大量

数据里面建构模型的工作。相比较而言，前者要远难于后者，而后者对人类来说，

是需要煞费苦心的。由此看来，人类在进行逻辑运演方面要远比机器人费力，故

[D]符合文意。

58． Frey and Osborne are most likely to agree that______.

A．machines cannot do the jobs cheaply and do it well at the same time

B．more than half of the jobs in America are likely to be automated in the future

C．the automated check-out system at a grocery store tends to be quite effective

D．the artificial technology will be used to automate the jobs more efficiently

正确答案：A

解析：细节题。第二段第四句指出，让机器廉价地完成某些工作与让其高水

准地完成工作之间是有差别的。[A]“机器不能同时兼顾廉价与高水准”，与文意

相符，为正确选项。

59． Which of the following statements about “unskilled” jobs is NOT true?

A．The “unskilled” jobs are usually carried out by the working-class.

B．The educated elites usually show contempt for the “unskilled” jobs.

C．The educated elites perform badly in doing these “unskilled” jobs.

D．Robots can outperform humans when doing these “unskilled” jobs.

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。由题干中的unskilled定位至第三段。由该段最后两句可知，

人类与人工智能做这些“非技术性”的工作之间的差异巨大，要远胜于人与人之

间的差异，从这个意义上说，“非技术性的工人”已经不再存在了。由此可以推

断，机器人在做这些工作时远不如人类，[D]表述与此相反，故为错误表述，应

选[D]。

On a cold January morning in 1936, George V was given a king’s burial.

Following his coffin was his eldest son, the handsome, much loved, Prince of Wales.

He was about to be proclaimed the next king of England. He was that exceptional

thing: a model royal. He was at ease in every company. Everyone expected him to

shake the stuffiness out of the monarchy. But as time passed, as he spanned between

the royal duties, people began to remark that the prince was approaching 40 and still

unmarried. Only a privileged few knew that he’d been stepping out with the

mysterious American, a woman who was cheating on her husband with the future king

of England. This was the lady known as Wallis Simpson, whom he was determined to

marry. So now he was king, but no one could persuade him to give up Wallis. Not

even Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin who spoke for the nation when he said Britain

did not want an American divorcee for a queen. Ministerial car shuttled between

Westminster and Buckingham Palace but the king could not be budged. He was forced

to abdicate(退位)and all over the country flags flew at half-mast. In the summer

of 1937 there was a quiet wedding in France. The couple looked a bit nervous,

especially the groom, but only a year before he’d been a king. Now he and his wife

would be called the Duke and Duchess of Windsor. So now the man who’d given

up a kingdom and a woman who’d given up two husbands embarked on their endless

round of fun and gaiety. In the war years they’d been trapped in the Bahamas, but

emerged every now and then to attend the great cultural festivals where they startled

the locals with the brilliance of their attire. But the man who’d been a king found he

was now only a celebrity. There were even rumors that he and the Duchess were

breaking up so they had to parade their devotion for the cameras. Four years later

it was the nation’s turn to mourn the Duke and to reflect on one man’s decision to

trade the crown of England for the love of Wallis and the price they had both had to

pay.

60． Which of the following statements about the Prince of Wales is NOT true?

A．He was the eldest son of George V and the next king of England.

B．He was an exemplary royal and in good terms with every company.

C．He was expected to bring some changes to the monarchy system.

D．He remained unmarried for a respectable mysterious American woman.

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。根据第一段最后三句，威尔士王子已年届四十却迟迟未婚，

与一位美国已婚女士有染，可知，这位女士并不受人尊敬，故[D]与原文不符，

为正确选项。

61． After marriage, the Duke and Duchess of Windsor did all the following

EXCEPT______.

A．attending the local cultural festivals in the Bahamas

B．surprising the local people with bizarre dresses

C．reflecting the price of trading the crown for love

D．parading their devotion in public

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。根据题干可定位至文章最后两段。最后一段指出由国人来反

思这个男人以王室换爱情的决定是否值得，反思的主体并非公爵夫妇，[C]表述

不符合文意，为正确选项。

SECTION BIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the

passages in Section A. Answer the questions with No more than TEN words in the

space provided.

PASSAGE ONE

62． Why did Ms. A tell the author her family background?

正确答案：She just wanted someone to listen to her．

解析：细节题。末段最后两句提及That’s when it occurred to me that she was

not expecting any replyfrom me．She just wanted me to listen．由此可知She just

wanted someone to listen to her为答案。

PASSAGE TWO

63． What does the word “sweat” in Paragraph One probably mean?

正确答案：Be worried about something．

解析：语义题。由第一段首句对D型性格的特性定义…feelings of negativity，

depression，anxiety，stress，anger，and loneliness．可推知单词所在句含义为“D

型性格为琐事而担忧，而且常常作最坏的预想。由此可知Be worried about

something为答案。

PASSAGE THREE

64． What’s the author’s attitude toward the findings made by the National

Institute?

正确答案：Opposed．

解析：态度题。由第六段首句You need to be a little bit careful with these

findings，which aresomewhat self-serving．和末段首句Even so，the paper suffers

from one，rather glaring，omission．可知作者对the National Institute的研究结果

持反对的观点，故Opposed为答案。

65． What does the passage mainly talk about?

正确答案：The monetary conditions across the euro monetary union．

解析：主旨题。通读全文可知，本文主要叙述了欧元区的金融状况以及各方

对此采取的措施或评论，故The monetary conditions across the euro monetary union

为答案。

PASSAGE FOUR

66． How do the new federal guidelines deal with breakfast?

正确答案：They cap it at 450 to 600 calories．

解析：细节题。由倒数第二段末句Many high schools also serve breakfast，

which must be between450 to 600 calories，according to the new federal

guidelines．可知，They cap it at 450 to 600 calories为答案，cap在这里意为“为……

规定最高限额”。

PART VI WRITING

67． Has the arrival of the Internet done more good than harm? This has

been an intensely discussed question for years. The following are the supporters’ and

opponents’ opinions. Read carefully the opinions from both sides and write your

response in about 200 words, in which you should first summarize briefly the

opinions from both sides and give your views on the issue. Marks will be

awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality.

Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your

response on ANSWER SHEET THREE.

正确答案： The Internet is so far one of the greatest inventions of all time.

For one thing, it is basically a globally accessible repository of knowledge, and

anyone can get the latest news with a click of the mouse. For another, as a major

channel for communication, the Internet dissolves traditional barriers to

communication, including time, physical distance, and cost. It brings people together

by creating a climate of openness and sharing. Last, it also contributes to learning.

There are many educational games and websites people can browse around and learn

from in a much more effective way. However, some have suspected that the

arrival of the Internet has done more harm than good. To begin with, the online

information may not be reliable and accurate. Thus there is a risk for people to be

misguided. Furthermore, your personal information online can be used without your

consent, which will lead us to serious trouble. Finally, some spend more than the fair

amount of time on the Internet, which not only causes obesity but also affects people’s

social interactions. Despite these facts, the Internet has been a major source of

information, and we should use it wisely and discreetly. I personally think the benefits

outweigh the harm and the Internet will bring more dramatic changes to our lives.

解析：本题讨论因特网的出现是否利大于弊。在具体行文方面，考生可

以在第一段阐述背景，并概述因特网的三个优势：获取信息的捷径；能够为人们

的交流提供便捷；有助于学习。第二段概述反方观点，即因特网的坏处：网上的

信息混杂，难于辨别真伪；个人信息易于泄露；上网成瘾会导致肥胖和人际关系

恶化。第三段阐述自己的观点，并总结全文。