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计算机系统结构(自考)-USB迷|专注于互联网分享
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计算机系统结构(自考)

IT圈 admin 50浏览 0评论

2024年4月25日发(作者:覃琼英)

简答题

1、什么是系列机软件的向上兼容和向后兼容?

答:系列机软件的向上兼容指的是按某档机器编写的软件,不加修改就能运行于比它高

档的机器上;

系列机软件的向后兼容指的是按某个时期投入市场的机器上编写的软件,不加修改就

能运行于在它之后投入市场的机器上。

2、在机器中,确定和引入新的数据表示的基本原则是什么?

答:机器中确定和引入新的数据表示的基本原则是:除了基本的数据表示一般都应配置

之外,对某些高级数据表示是否引入,一是看系统效率有否提高,即是否减少了实现的时间和

存储的空间,实现空间有否减少又主要看在主存和处理机之间传送的信息量有否减少;二是

看引入这种数据表示的通用性和利用率是否提高。

3、为了解决主存和CPU之间的速度差对机器性能的影响,会采取哪3种解决办法?

答:一是在CPU中设置通用寄存器,让运算直接在CPU的通用寄存器中进行,减少与主

存的交往;二是采用存储器的多体交叉并行存取来提高主存的等效速度;三是在主存和CPU

之间增加速度高、容量小、每位价格高的Cache存储器。

4、CPU写Cache时会发生Cache与主存的对应副本内容不一致的问题,解决此问题

有哪些方法?各需要增加什么开销?

答:用两种解决方法:

写回法:CPU只写入Cache,不写入主存,仅当Cache块替换时,才先写回主存后再替换,

这种方法要求对每个Cache块增加一个修改的资源开销。

写直达法:CPU每次写Cache的同时,也经写直达通路写入主存,这种方法要增加写主

存的时间开销。

5、流水线按级别分成几类?线性流水线和非线性流水线有什么区别?动态流水线和静

态流水线有何区别?

答:流水线按级别可分为部件级、处理机级和系统级三级。

线性流水线段间无反馈或越过的通路,非线性流水线则有反馈回路或前越通路。

静态流水和动态流水都是多功能的流水。而静态流水线在某一时间内只能按一种功能

联接流水,只有等流水线全部留空后,才能切换成按另一种功能联接流水(或静态流水必须等

流水线排空后才可进行功能切换)。动态流水线按一种功能流水未完成之前,可重新开始另

一种功能的流水。

6、标志符数据表示与描述符数据表示有什么不同?

2024年4月25日发(作者:覃琼英)

简答题

1、什么是系列机软件的向上兼容和向后兼容?

答:系列机软件的向上兼容指的是按某档机器编写的软件,不加修改就能运行于比它高

档的机器上;

系列机软件的向后兼容指的是按某个时期投入市场的机器上编写的软件,不加修改就

能运行于在它之后投入市场的机器上。

2、在机器中,确定和引入新的数据表示的基本原则是什么?

答:机器中确定和引入新的数据表示的基本原则是:除了基本的数据表示一般都应配置

之外,对某些高级数据表示是否引入,一是看系统效率有否提高,即是否减少了实现的时间和

存储的空间,实现空间有否减少又主要看在主存和处理机之间传送的信息量有否减少;二是

看引入这种数据表示的通用性和利用率是否提高。

3、为了解决主存和CPU之间的速度差对机器性能的影响,会采取哪3种解决办法?

答:一是在CPU中设置通用寄存器,让运算直接在CPU的通用寄存器中进行,减少与主

存的交往;二是采用存储器的多体交叉并行存取来提高主存的等效速度;三是在主存和CPU

之间增加速度高、容量小、每位价格高的Cache存储器。

4、CPU写Cache时会发生Cache与主存的对应副本内容不一致的问题,解决此问题

有哪些方法?各需要增加什么开销?

答:用两种解决方法:

写回法:CPU只写入Cache,不写入主存,仅当Cache块替换时,才先写回主存后再替换,

这种方法要求对每个Cache块增加一个修改的资源开销。

写直达法:CPU每次写Cache的同时,也经写直达通路写入主存,这种方法要增加写主

存的时间开销。

5、流水线按级别分成几类?线性流水线和非线性流水线有什么区别?动态流水线和静

态流水线有何区别?

答:流水线按级别可分为部件级、处理机级和系统级三级。

线性流水线段间无反馈或越过的通路,非线性流水线则有反馈回路或前越通路。

静态流水和动态流水都是多功能的流水。而静态流水线在某一时间内只能按一种功能

联接流水,只有等流水线全部留空后,才能切换成按另一种功能联接流水(或静态流水必须等

流水线排空后才可进行功能切换)。动态流水线按一种功能流水未完成之前,可重新开始另

一种功能的流水。

6、标志符数据表示与描述符数据表示有什么不同?

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