2024年5月26日发(作者：云芳蕙)
一、定语从句：
1.定语从句的概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从
句。
2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
3.关系词：引导定语从句的连词叫关系词。如that、which、who、
whom、whose、where、when等。
4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引导的定语从句。
关系词指代在定语从句中的作用
that既指人也指物作主语、宾语
which指物作主语、宾语
who指人作主语
whom指人作宾语
whose既指人也指物作定语
二、定语从句：1.先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that，which均可.但下
列情况，只用that不用which。
1).当先行词为指物的不定代词，如all、everything、something、
anything、nothing、none、the one等时，只能用that。There is nothing
______ I can do for you .
2).先行词被the only, the very, the last, all, no, little等词修饰,只用that。
This is the very book ___ I’m looking for .
3).先行词被序数词修饰时，只用that . This is the first nextbook ______ I
studied in the middle school .
4).先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时，只能用that。
This is the most beautiful mountain ______ I have ever seen .=I have
_____ seen _____ a beautiful mountian .
5).先行词既有人也有物时，只能that 。 He told us many interesting things
and persons _______ we had .
2.先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况，只能用
which不用that。
1).关系代词前有介词时，关系词只能用which 。This is the building in
______ he lives .
2).引导非限定性的定语从句（先行词是物且先行词与关系词用逗号隔
开），关系词用which。
His book , ______ was lost last week , has been found now.
3.先行词是人时，一般情况下既可用who 也可用that 。但以下情况下，
只能用who。
1).当先行词为those、one、ones、anyone且作主语时,一般用who .Those
____ are singing are all my classmates .
2).在there be 句型中，先行词指人时，只能用who。指物时用that。There
is a girl ______ expects to see you .
3).当先行词是I、you、he、they等时，只能用who 。He ______ plays
with fire gets burned .
三、定语从句 由关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句。
where = in / at +which when = in / on / at +which why = for + which
1.由where引导的定语从句。1).先行词是表示地点的名词 2).在定语从
句中作地点状语
Is this the house ____ you lived ?= Is this the house ____ ___ you lived ?= Is
this the house ___ you lived in ?
2.由when引导的定语从句。1).先行词是表示时间的名词 2).在定语从
句中作时间状语
I will never forget the days ______ I met him .= I will never forget the days
____ ____ I met him.
注：先行词是the last time 时，when 可省略。When was the last time you
saw the parrot ?
3.由why引导的定语从句。先行词为reason 时，一般用why 。 why在句
专题十八：定语从句
中作原因状语。
We don’t know the reason ______ they didn’t come .
四、注意事项：
1.关系词在定语从句中作宾语时，常可省略。The story _____ he told was
very popular .
D. /
、who、which在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词应与
先行词保持一致。
I loves singers who _______(write) their own songs ./She is one of the girls
who ______(study) hard .
3.定语从句中whose 的确定：无论先行词是人或物，在定语从句中做定
语用whose。
判断：看定语从句的主语前有无限定词（my、your、Jim’s等），若没
有，则用whose 。
The girl _____ parents work in Beijing is Kate .A. who B. whose C.
which D. that
一、被动语态
被动语态的基本结构为：be+动词的过去分词
各种时态的主动、被动语态的结构如下表（以动词do为例）：
例句
时
主动语态被动语态
态
主动语态被动语态
一
The
般
We clean theclassroom is
现do/doesam/is/are+done
classroom.．cleaned by
在
us．
时
一
般The kite was
He made the
过didwas/were+donemade by
kite．
去him．
时
现
Flower are
在She is
being
进am/is/are+doing
am/is/are+being
watering
donewatered by
行flowers．
her ．
时
现
在Jim hasThe work has
have/has+been
完have/has+donefinished thebeen finished
done
成work．by Jim．
时
一
will be
般They will
Trees
will/shall/bewill/shall/beplanted by
将plant trees
going to+dogoing to+be done
tomorrow．
them
来
tomorrow．
时
过She wasA letter was
去writing abeing written
进thisby her this
was/were+being
letter
was/were+doing
行timetime
done
专题十二：被动语态的构成及用法
2024年5月26日发(作者：云芳蕙)
一、定语从句：
1.定语从句的概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从
句。
2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
3.关系词：引导定语从句的连词叫关系词。如that、which、who、
whom、whose、where、when等。
4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引导的定语从句。
关系词指代在定语从句中的作用
that既指人也指物作主语、宾语
which指物作主语、宾语
who指人作主语
whom指人作宾语
whose既指人也指物作定语
二、定语从句：1.先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that，which均可.但下
列情况，只用that不用which。
1).当先行词为指物的不定代词，如all、everything、something、
anything、nothing、none、the one等时，只能用that。There is nothing
______ I can do for you .
2).先行词被the only, the very, the last, all, no, little等词修饰,只用that。
This is the very book ___ I’m looking for .
3).先行词被序数词修饰时，只用that . This is the first nextbook ______ I
studied in the middle school .
4).先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时，只能用that。
This is the most beautiful mountain ______ I have ever seen .=I have
_____ seen _____ a beautiful mountian .
5).先行词既有人也有物时，只能that 。 He told us many interesting things
and persons _______ we had .
2.先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况，只能用
which不用that。
1).关系代词前有介词时，关系词只能用which 。This is the building in
______ he lives .
2).引导非限定性的定语从句（先行词是物且先行词与关系词用逗号隔
开），关系词用which。
His book , ______ was lost last week , has been found now.
3.先行词是人时，一般情况下既可用who 也可用that 。但以下情况下，
只能用who。
1).当先行词为those、one、ones、anyone且作主语时,一般用who .Those
____ are singing are all my classmates .
2).在there be 句型中，先行词指人时，只能用who。指物时用that。There
is a girl ______ expects to see you .
3).当先行词是I、you、he、they等时，只能用who 。He ______ plays
with fire gets burned .
三、定语从句 由关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句。
where = in / at +which when = in / on / at +which why = for + which
1.由where引导的定语从句。1).先行词是表示地点的名词 2).在定语从
句中作地点状语
Is this the house ____ you lived ?= Is this the house ____ ___ you lived ?= Is
this the house ___ you lived in ?
2.由when引导的定语从句。1).先行词是表示时间的名词 2).在定语从
句中作时间状语
I will never forget the days ______ I met him .= I will never forget the days
____ ____ I met him.
注：先行词是the last time 时，when 可省略。When was the last time you
saw the parrot ?
3.由why引导的定语从句。先行词为reason 时，一般用why 。 why在句
专题十八：定语从句
中作原因状语。
We don’t know the reason ______ they didn’t come .
四、注意事项：
1.关系词在定语从句中作宾语时，常可省略。The story _____ he told was
very popular .
D. /
、who、which在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词应与
先行词保持一致。
I loves singers who _______(write) their own songs ./She is one of the girls
who ______(study) hard .
3.定语从句中whose 的确定：无论先行词是人或物，在定语从句中做定
语用whose。
判断：看定语从句的主语前有无限定词（my、your、Jim’s等），若没
有，则用whose 。
The girl _____ parents work in Beijing is Kate .A. who B. whose C.
which D. that
一、被动语态
被动语态的基本结构为：be+动词的过去分词
各种时态的主动、被动语态的结构如下表（以动词do为例）：
例句
时
主动语态被动语态
态
主动语态被动语态
一
The
般
We clean theclassroom is
现do/doesam/is/are+done
classroom.．cleaned by
在
us．
时
一
般The kite was
He made the
过didwas/were+donemade by
kite．
去him．
时
现
Flower are
在She is
being
进am/is/are+doing
am/is/are+being
watering
donewatered by
行flowers．
her ．
时
现
在Jim hasThe work has
have/has+been
完have/has+donefinished thebeen finished
done
成work．by Jim．
时
一
will be
般They will
Trees
will/shall/bewill/shall/beplanted by
将plant trees
going to+dogoing to+be done
tomorrow．
them
来
tomorrow．
时
过She wasA letter was
去writing abeing written
进thisby her this
was/were+being
letter
was/were+doing
行timetime
done
专题十二：被动语态的构成及用法