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词汇课29 课堂笔记-词根“kin-”,“na-”

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2024年7月10日发(作者:建罗)

20000词汇巅峰速记营

词汇记忆 第29节

词根“kin-”,“na-”及其变体“nasc-”,“naiv-”,“nat-”等都来源于词根 “gene-”,

表示“基因的;遗传的;生”

kin [kɪn] n. (统称)家属;亲属;亲戚 7478

词源:c. 1200, from Old English cynn “family; race; kind, sort, rank; nature” (also “gender, sex,”

a sense obsolete since Middle English), from Proto-Germanic *kunja- “family” (source also of Old

Frisian kenn, Old Saxon kunni “kin, kind, race, tribe,” Old Norse kyn, Old High German chunni

“kin, race;” Danish kjön, Swedish kön, Middle Dutch, Dutch kunne “sex, gender;” Gothic kuni

“family, race,” Old Norse kundr ‘son,” German Kind “child”), from PIE root *gene- “give birth,

beget,” with derivatives referring to procreation and familial and tribal groups.

助记:kin(=family)→亲戚,家族

搭配:kith and kin:亲戚朋友 next of kin:最近的血亲

【课堂笔记】

next of kin:最近的血亲/直系亲属

kind [kaɪnd] n. 种类;性质 adj. 仁慈的;良善的 250

词源:(NOUN) "class, sort, variety," from Old English gecynd "kind, nature, race," related to cynn

"family" (see kin), from Proto-Germanic *kundjaz "family, race".

(ADJ) "friendly, deliberately doing good to others," Middle English kinde, from Old English

(ge)cynde "natural, native, innate," originally "with the feeling of relatives for each other," from

Proto-Germanic *kundi- "natural, native," from *kunjam "family" (see kin), with collective or

generalizing prefix *ga- and abstract suffix *-iz.

助记:kind(=class,sort,variety:种类,多样)→种类,性质

kind(=kind:innate,family)→对待彼此像对待家人、亲戚一样→仁慈的,良善的

搭配:one of a kind:独一无二的 all kinds of:各种各样的

kinda ['kaɪndə] adv. 有几分;有一点10078

助记:1890, representing a casual pronunciation of kind of (see kind (n.)).

搭配:kinda invisible:有点像隐形人

【课堂笔记】

kinda=kind of

kindergarten ['kɪndə,gɑːt(ə)n] n. 幼儿园;幼稚园 6206

助记:kind(来自德语Kinder-Garten,字面意思是儿童的花园),这种实施幼儿教育的机构

起源于德国,是位名叫Friedrich Froebel (1782 -1852)的德国教育家首创的。1837年他在布朗

根堡(Blankenburg)开办了第一所kindergarten,随后又开设训练班培训幼儿教师,并把

1

kindergarten在整个德国推而广之。

搭配:go to kindergarten:去幼儿园

【课堂笔记】

助记:kinder(=kid孩子)+garten(音似garden园子)→孩子们的乐园→幼儿园

kindle ['kɪnd(ə)l] vt. 点燃;激起(兴趣、感情等)17206

词源:c. 1200, cundel, "to set fire to, to start on fire," probably from a Scandinavian source akin to

Old Norse kynda "to kindle, to light a fire," Swedish quindla "kindle," all of uncertain origin, +

frequentative suffix -le. Figurative use (of feelings, passions, etc.) is from c. 1300. Intransitive sense

"to begin to burn, to catch fire" is from c. 1400.

助记:kind(=nature)+-le(动词后缀,表反复)(c. 1200, cundel, "to set fire to, to start on fire")

→木头属于自然界的植物,点燃火焰需要反复地钻木取

火→点燃(火焰),激起(感情,热情等)

搭配:to kindle a fire/flame:点火,点燃火焰

kindle interest in music:激发对音乐的兴趣

【课堂笔记】

同义词:

ignite vt. 点燃

spark n. 火星;火花; v. 激发;点燃

kindly ['kaɪndlɪ] adv. 亲切地;温和地;仁慈地 10938

助记:kind(仁慈的,良善的)+-ly(副词后缀)→亲切地,温和地

搭配:not take kindly to sth/sb:不喜欢某事物/人

kindness ['kaɪn(d)nɪs] n. 仁慈;善良体贴;友好的行为 7835

助记:kind(仁慈的)+-ness(名词后缀)→仁慈,善良体贴

搭配:milk of human kindness:恻隐之心,人情

kindred ['kɪndrɪd] n. 家人;亲属关系 adj. 血缘的;同族的;相近的19717

助记:kind(= kin:家属,亲属)+ -red(=condition,rule:表状况、规则,来自古英语ræden)

→家人,血缘关系,相近的

搭配:ties of kindred:亲属关系 kindred spirit:志趣相投的人

king [kɪŋ] n. 国王;佼佼者;…之最;王棋 2359

助记:在现代英语中,单词king往往被翻译为“国王”,表示“一国之君”,然而古代,king

其实并没有这么高的地位,仅仅是氏族部落的首领,相当于“酋长”。king来自古英语cyning,

与单词cynn(kin,家族,种族)相关,仅仅是“一族之长”(leader of a kin),指的是公元4

世纪时入侵不列颠的日耳曼民族的部落首领。当时入侵不列颠的日耳曼民族包括撒克逊人、

盎格鲁人和朱特人。后来,这些人在不列颠东南部(即英格兰)建立了七个小国家,或者说

是七个部落,包括三个撒克逊人的、三个盎格鲁人的和一个朱特人的。这些部落的首领就是

king,这些部落因而被称为kingdom(王国)。后来,这些部落统一为英格兰后,其首领依然

被称为king。从此以后,英格兰的男性首领都被称为king,该词也就被译为“国王”了。

助记:kin(=family,tribe:部落)+g→家族、部落的首领→国王,佼佼者

2

2024年7月10日发(作者:建罗)

20000词汇巅峰速记营

词汇记忆 第29节

词根“kin-”,“na-”及其变体“nasc-”,“naiv-”,“nat-”等都来源于词根 “gene-”,

表示“基因的;遗传的;生”

kin [kɪn] n. (统称)家属;亲属;亲戚 7478

词源:c. 1200, from Old English cynn “family; race; kind, sort, rank; nature” (also “gender, sex,”

a sense obsolete since Middle English), from Proto-Germanic *kunja- “family” (source also of Old

Frisian kenn, Old Saxon kunni “kin, kind, race, tribe,” Old Norse kyn, Old High German chunni

“kin, race;” Danish kjön, Swedish kön, Middle Dutch, Dutch kunne “sex, gender;” Gothic kuni

“family, race,” Old Norse kundr ‘son,” German Kind “child”), from PIE root *gene- “give birth,

beget,” with derivatives referring to procreation and familial and tribal groups.

助记:kin(=family)→亲戚,家族

搭配:kith and kin:亲戚朋友 next of kin:最近的血亲

【课堂笔记】

next of kin:最近的血亲/直系亲属

kind [kaɪnd] n. 种类;性质 adj. 仁慈的;良善的 250

词源:(NOUN) "class, sort, variety," from Old English gecynd "kind, nature, race," related to cynn

"family" (see kin), from Proto-Germanic *kundjaz "family, race".

(ADJ) "friendly, deliberately doing good to others," Middle English kinde, from Old English

(ge)cynde "natural, native, innate," originally "with the feeling of relatives for each other," from

Proto-Germanic *kundi- "natural, native," from *kunjam "family" (see kin), with collective or

generalizing prefix *ga- and abstract suffix *-iz.

助记:kind(=class,sort,variety:种类,多样)→种类,性质

kind(=kind:innate,family)→对待彼此像对待家人、亲戚一样→仁慈的,良善的

搭配:one of a kind:独一无二的 all kinds of:各种各样的

kinda ['kaɪndə] adv. 有几分;有一点10078

助记:1890, representing a casual pronunciation of kind of (see kind (n.)).

搭配:kinda invisible:有点像隐形人

【课堂笔记】

kinda=kind of

kindergarten ['kɪndə,gɑːt(ə)n] n. 幼儿园;幼稚园 6206

助记:kind(来自德语Kinder-Garten,字面意思是儿童的花园),这种实施幼儿教育的机构

起源于德国,是位名叫Friedrich Froebel (1782 -1852)的德国教育家首创的。1837年他在布朗

根堡(Blankenburg)开办了第一所kindergarten,随后又开设训练班培训幼儿教师,并把

1

kindergarten在整个德国推而广之。

搭配:go to kindergarten:去幼儿园

【课堂笔记】

助记:kinder(=kid孩子)+garten(音似garden园子)→孩子们的乐园→幼儿园

kindle ['kɪnd(ə)l] vt. 点燃;激起(兴趣、感情等)17206

词源:c. 1200, cundel, "to set fire to, to start on fire," probably from a Scandinavian source akin to

Old Norse kynda "to kindle, to light a fire," Swedish quindla "kindle," all of uncertain origin, +

frequentative suffix -le. Figurative use (of feelings, passions, etc.) is from c. 1300. Intransitive sense

"to begin to burn, to catch fire" is from c. 1400.

助记:kind(=nature)+-le(动词后缀,表反复)(c. 1200, cundel, "to set fire to, to start on fire")

→木头属于自然界的植物,点燃火焰需要反复地钻木取

火→点燃(火焰),激起(感情,热情等)

搭配:to kindle a fire/flame:点火,点燃火焰

kindle interest in music:激发对音乐的兴趣

【课堂笔记】

同义词:

ignite vt. 点燃

spark n. 火星;火花; v. 激发;点燃

kindly ['kaɪndlɪ] adv. 亲切地;温和地;仁慈地 10938

助记:kind(仁慈的,良善的)+-ly(副词后缀)→亲切地,温和地

搭配:not take kindly to sth/sb:不喜欢某事物/人

kindness ['kaɪn(d)nɪs] n. 仁慈;善良体贴;友好的行为 7835

助记:kind(仁慈的)+-ness(名词后缀)→仁慈,善良体贴

搭配:milk of human kindness:恻隐之心,人情

kindred ['kɪndrɪd] n. 家人;亲属关系 adj. 血缘的;同族的;相近的19717

助记:kind(= kin:家属,亲属)+ -red(=condition,rule:表状况、规则,来自古英语ræden)

→家人,血缘关系,相近的

搭配:ties of kindred:亲属关系 kindred spirit:志趣相投的人

king [kɪŋ] n. 国王;佼佼者;…之最;王棋 2359

助记:在现代英语中,单词king往往被翻译为“国王”,表示“一国之君”,然而古代,king

其实并没有这么高的地位,仅仅是氏族部落的首领,相当于“酋长”。king来自古英语cyning,

与单词cynn(kin,家族,种族)相关,仅仅是“一族之长”(leader of a kin),指的是公元4

世纪时入侵不列颠的日耳曼民族的部落首领。当时入侵不列颠的日耳曼民族包括撒克逊人、

盎格鲁人和朱特人。后来,这些人在不列颠东南部(即英格兰)建立了七个小国家,或者说

是七个部落,包括三个撒克逊人的、三个盎格鲁人的和一个朱特人的。这些部落的首领就是

king,这些部落因而被称为kingdom(王国)。后来,这些部落统一为英格兰后,其首领依然

被称为king。从此以后,英格兰的男性首领都被称为king,该词也就被译为“国王”了。

助记:kin(=family,tribe:部落)+g→家族、部落的首领→国王,佼佼者

2

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